Fusio

n E

nerg

y: a

n In

tellig

ent D

esig

n fo

r the F

utu

re.

Pan

el discu

ssion, S

OF

E K

noxville 2

005

“Energ

y O

ptio

ns fo

r the F

utu

re,” J

ohn S

heffie

ld, S

teve

Obenschain

et a

l, J. F

usio

n E

nerg

y, 2

3, 2

, 63, 2

004.

“Energ

y: S

cie

nce, P

olic

y, a

nd th

e P

urs

uit o

f Susta

inability

,”B

ent e

t al e

dito

rs, Is

land P

ress 2

002, C

hp2 “F

utu

re W

orld

Energ

y N

eeds a

nd R

esourc

es,” J

ohn S

heffie

ld.

WE

C “S

urv

ey o

f World

Energ

y R

esourc

es,” 1

995 a

nd 2

004.

“Path

to a

dire

ct-d

rive ig

nitio

n fa

cility

for fu

sio

n e

nerg

y…

,”S

teve O

benschain

, HA

PL W

ork

shop, L

LN

L, J

une 2

0-2

1,

2005.

Pro

jected W

orld

En

ergy

Dem

and

in G

toe

(Gig

atonnes o

f oil en

ergy eq

uiv

alent p

er year)

Sum

mary

pro

jections o

f

Hold

ren,

IIAS

A/W

EC

MIT

RE

,

Sheffield

.0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Gtoe/a

20102050

2100

Year

Ecolog

Middle

High

5900 - 2

1700

968

937 +

%1118

9.0

5T

OT

AL

3000 - 1

8800

Meth

ane H

ydrates

146

2.2

3G

AS

Shale O

il, Bitu

men

and H

eavy O

il %

of 1

118

0.2

2O

IL

Un

con

v.

Conven

tional

148

3.5

0O

IL +

NG

Ls

2900

968

643

3.1

0C

OA

L

Sp

eculativ

eA

dditio

nal (%

?)R

ecoverab

leA

nnual U

se

Gto

e/a

Type

Fossil E

nerg

y in

Gto

e/aW

EC

19

95

& 2

00

4

Note p

roved

recoverab

le: Coal: 5

67

(1995) an

d 6

43

(2004).

Oil: 1

41

(1995) an

d 1

48

(2004).

Gas: 1

21

(1995) an

d 1

46

(2004).

Renew

able

Energ

y R

esourc

e B

ase

in G

toe p

er y

ear

> 6

0 1

.44

TO

TA

L

n.e.

n.e.

Ocean

energ

y

(119) b

0.0

14 el +

thG

eoth

ermal E

n.

15.2

0.0

05 el

Win

d E

nerg

y

> 3

7.5

0.0

02 th

Solar E

nerg

y

> 6

.6 1

.19 th

Bio

mass E

nerg

y

1.3

0.2

3 el

Hydro

pow

er

Tech

nical

Poten

tial

Curren

t U

se aR

esource

(a) P

resent w

orld

energ

y u

se is

about 11

Gto

e p

er y

ear

(b) S

tore

d e

nerg

y in

Gto

e. A

nnual re

covery

will b

e le

ss th

an s

ola

r.

n.e

. Not e

stim

ate

d

The e

lectric

ity p

art m

ay b

e c

onverte

d to

equiv

ale

nt p

rimary

energ

y w

ith a

n a

vera

ge fa

cto

r of 2

.6x.

Nucle

ar E

nerg

y R

esourc

es

•T

he W

EC

2004 estim

ates ~ 1

3 M

t of u

raniu

m

recoverab

le at < $

130/k

gU

.

•In

conven

tional reacto

rs equals 1

30

Gto

e.

•W

ith b

reeder reacto

rs equals 6

,500 G

toe.

•A

nnual co

nsu

mptio

n is aro

und 0

.6 G

toe.

•W

ith b

reeders, h

igher fu

el costs sh

ould

be accep

table.

Uran

ium

from

seawater?

•In

additio

n th

ere is thoriu

m

So

. Wh

at is

the

Pro

ble

m?

•T

here

are

enorm

ous u

nta

pped e

nerg

y re

sourc

es

- fossil, n

ucle

ar, a

nd re

new

able

s - b

ut th

ey a

re

not u

nifo

rmly

dis

tribute

d!

•A

ll energ

y u

se c

auses p

ollu

tion

.

•N

ucle

ar p

rolife

ratio

n is

a c

oncern

.

•F

inancin

g is

an is

sue.

•T

hese ra

ise s

ubsta

ntia

l geopolitic

al c

oncern

s.

•F

usio

n e

nerg

y w

ill be p

art o

f the s

olu

tion

.

Meetin

g th

e Need

s of th

e Dev

elopin

g W

orld

•"M

y h

ope is to

move b

eyond th

e Kyoto

deb

ate and to

collab

orate o

n n

ew tech

nolo

gies th

at will en

able th

e United

States an

d o

ther co

untries to

div

ersify aw

ay fro

m fo

ssil fuels

so th

at the air w

ill be clean

er and th

at we h

ave th

e econom

ican

d n

ational secu

rity th

at com

es from

less dep

enden

ce of

foreig

n so

urces o

f oil.” P

residen

t Bush

in L

.A. T

imes

•“…

the av

ailability

of easily

moveab

le, cheap

fuel is essen

tialfo

r the d

evelo

pin

g areas to

… stab

ilize their p

opulatio

ns at a

sustain

able lev

el. In th

e near term

fossil fu

els can fu

lfill this

role.” Jo

hn S

heffield

in E

nerg

y: S

cience, P

olicy

etc.

•E

rgo, in

the d

evelo

ped

world

, we sh

ould

impro

ve en

ergy

efficiency

and in

crease the p

ercentag

e of ren

ewab

le and

nuclear en

ergies –

inclu

din

g d

eplo

yin

g fu

sion as so

on as

possib

le!!

Distant Future w

ith N

o F

ossil F

uel U

se

•1

1 b

illion

peo

ple u

sing

2.5

toe/cap

.a. =>

27.5

Gto

e/a.

•A

ssum

ing

2x

imp

rov

emen

t in efficien

cy, av

erage

~ 5

.0 to

e/cap.a to

day

(U.S

. use ab

ou

t 8 to

e/cap.a)

Example

Renewables 1

3.5

Gto

e/a

= 0

.6 h

yd +

2.4

bio

m +

4.2

win

d +

0.3

geo

th +

6.0

solar.

Nuclea

r 14.0

Gto

e/a (equ

ivalen

t raw en

ergy

?)

= 7

.0 fissio

n +

7.0

fusio

n

~ 5

80

0 G

We +

58

00

GW

e

Pace o

f Fusio

n D

eplo

ym

ent

•P

hysic

s T

oday, p

age 2

7, A

ugust 2

005, q

uote

d R

ay O

rbach a

s s

ayin

g , “w

ith

any k

ind o

f luck , th

is (fu

sio

n e

nerg

y) w

ould

be p

icked u

p b

y in

dustry

aro

und

the w

orld

. Fusio

n p

ow

er p

lants

would

com

e o

n lin

e b

y 2

050, h

e a

dded, a

nd

by th

e e

nd o

f the c

entu

ry, 1

0%

-20%

of th

e w

orld

’s e

nerg

y c

ould

be

pro

duced b

y fu

sio

n.”

•A

ssum

ing 8

0%

availa

bility

and a

n e

lectric

al e

fficie

ncy o

f 50%

, pro

ducin

g

2.7

5 to

5.5

Gto

e/a

would

require

2300 to

4600 G

We o

f fusio

n p

ow

er to

be

opera

ting.

•T

he fa

ste

st ra

te a

t whic

h fu

sio

n p

lants

can b

e c

onstru

cte

d, u

sefu

lly i.e

., be

able

to o

pera

te ( tritiu

m a

vaila

ble

) and p

roduce n

et e

nerg

y, is

5 y

ears

•T

he g

oal a

bove w

ould

be p

ossib

le w

ith a

doublin

g, a

bout e

very

5 y

ears

, of

the n

um

ber o

f 1 G

We p

lants

bein

g c

onstru

cte

d –

sta

rting w

ith, re

spectiv

ely

,

2 to

4 p

lants

opera

ting in

2050.

•In

reality

, it would

be e

asie

r to a

chie

ve if th

e firs

t pla

nts

were

opera

ting

earlie

r, say 2

040-2

045 a

nd th

ere

was m

ore

time to

debug th

em

. Als

o, it

mig

ht b

e e

asie

r with

an e

volu

tion to

larg

er p

lants

, say 2

-3 G

We

.

Fa

st T

rack to

Fu

sio

n

•A

FE

SA

C re

port d

escrib

es h

ow

fusio

n e

nerg

y m

ight b

edevelo

ped in

35 y

ears

. It would

be p

ossib

le to

go fa

ste

rth

an th

is p

lan –

als

o E

uro

pean a

nd J

ap

anese p

lans.

•D

ale

Me

ad

e w

ill dis

cu

ss M

ag

ne

tic F

usio

n E

ne

rgy.

• T

here

are

good o

pportu

nitie

s fo

r accele

ratin

g In

ertia

lF

usio

n E

ne

rgy –

ba

se

d o

n s

ucce

sse

s in

Hig

h A

ve

rag

eP

ow

er L

aser (H

AP

L), H

eavy Io

n F

usio

n (H

IF), a

nd Z

-P

inch P

rogra

ms.

Electra title page

Ele

ctra

’s m

ain

am

plifie

r

Tw

o-s

ide

d e

-be

am

pu

mp

ing

: 500

kV

, 10

0 k

A, 1

40 n

s F

WH

M

Sin

ce

the

las

t PA

C: s

pe

cta

cu

lar p

rog

res

s to

wa

rds

HE

DP

an

d F

us

ion

!

Un

iqu

e io

n p

uls

e c

om

pre

ssio

n in

pla

sm

a: fro

m c

on

cep

t to s

imu

latio

n to

50X

co

mp

ressio

n d

ata

in 1

2 m

on

ths

Un

iqu

e a

ccele

rato

rco

ncep

t (PL

IA): fro

mO

ct w

ork

sh

op

tosim

ula

tion

to in

itial

tests

in 8

mo

nth

s

409220120

3-D sim

ulatio

no

f electron

clou

d

affecting

ion

beam

v

xv

s x

409220222-409220257409220100 -

409220138

Measu

redv

xvs x.

Slit

x

vx

x

vx

Un

iqu

e w

orld

cla

ss

cap

ab

ility in

ele

ctro

nclo

ud

ph

ysic

s: fro

mtra

nsp

ort d

ata

in fo

ur

HC

X q

uad

s to

self-

co

nsis

ten

t sim

ula

tion

in 9

mo

nth

s

Z-P

inch

Inertia

l Fu

sio

n e

nerg

y

Go

al: D

ev

elo

p a

n e

co

no

mic

ally

-attra

ctiv

e p

ow

er p

lan

t us

ing

hig

h-y

ield

z-p

inc

h d

rive

n ta

rge

ts (~

3 G

J) a

t low

rep

-rate

(~ 0

.1 H

z) w

ith re

cy

cla

ble

tran

sm

iss

ion

line

s (R

TL

s)

Recen

t resu

lts:

1. R

TL

s s

imu

latio

ns

(5 M

A/c

m w

ork

s)

exp

erim

en

ts (5

MA

/cm

wo

rks)

pre

ssu

re te

stin

g (2

0 T

orr w

ork

s)

2. L

TD

rep

etitiv

e d

river

0.5

MA

, 100 k

V c

avity

fires

every

30 s

eco

nd

s 1

.0 M

A, 1

00 k

V c

avity

teste

d fu

ll IFE

driv

er a

rch

itectu

res

3. S

ho

ck m

itigatio

n th

eo

ry e

xp

erim

en

ts s

imu

latio

ns

4. Z

-Po

P p

lan

nin

g v

acu

um

/ele

ctric

al

co

nn

ec

tion

s o

ve

rhe

ad

au

tom

atio

n a

nim

atio

ns/c

ostin

g

5. Z

-IFE

targ

ets

for 3

GJ y

ield

s g

ain

s

50-1

00

do

ub

le-p

inch

/dyn

am

ic h

oh

lrau

m s

ca

ling

stu

die

s

6. Z

-IFE

po

we

r Pla

nt

RT

L m

an

ufa

ctu

ring

/co

stin

g w

all a

ctiv

atio

n s

tud

ies:

30-4

0 y

ear life

time

po

we

r pla

nt d

es

ign

New

(2005) v

isio

n a

nd

pla

n fo

r laser fu

sio

n e

nerg

yS

malle

r low

er-c

ost F

usio

n T

est F

acility

(FT

F) b

ased o

n n

ew

pelle

t de

sig

ns

Ph

ase I:

1999-2

006

Targ

et d

esig

n &

physic

s

• 2D

/3D

sim

ula

tions

• 1-3

0 k

J la

ser-ta

rget e

xp.

• Kry

pto

n flu

orid

e la

ser

•D

iode-p

um

ped s

olid

-sta

te la

ser

•T

arg

et fa

bric

atio

n a

nd in

jectio

n

•C

ham

ber m

ate

rials

and o

ptic

s Basic laser fu

sion

techn

olo

gy

Ph

ase II

2007-2

013

Ignitio

n p

hysic

s v

alid

atio

n

• Calib

rate

d 3

D s

imula

tions

• LP

I experim

ents

Develo

p fu

ll-size com

po

nen

ts

•P

ow

er-p

lant la

ser b

eam

line

•T

arg

et fa

b/in

jectio

n

•P

ow

er p

lant &

FT

F d

esig

n

Ph

ase III

FT

F o

pera

ting

2018

Fu

sio

n T

est F

acility

(FT

F)

• 0

.25 M

J la

ser-d

riven im

plo

sio

ns @

5 H

z•

Pelle

t gain

s o

f 20

• 2

0-3

0 M

W o

f fusio

n th

erm

al p

ow

er

•D

evelo

p c

ham

ber m

ate

rials

& c

om

ponents

.•

Up

gra

de p

ath

to 0

.5 M

J a

nd

150 M

W fu

sio

n p

ow

er

•

Z-P

inc

h IF

E D

EM

O

Z-P

inc

h E

TF

$

1B

Z-P

inch

IRE

$150M

(TP

C)

+o

p/y

ear

Z-P

inch

IFE

Po

P $

10M

/year

Z-P

inc

h H

igh

Yie

ld

Z-P

inc

h Ig

nitio

n

HY

Laser

ind

irec

t-driv

eIg

nitio

n

2038

2024

2018

2012

2008

2004

1999

FI

ZR

(28 M

A)

Z(1

8 M

A)

NIF

Ye

ar S

ing

le-s

ho

t, NN

SA

/DP

Rep

etitiv

e fo

r IFE

, OF

ES

/VO

IFE

Z-P

inc

h IF

E

targ

et

desig

n $

2M

/year

Z-P

inc

h IF

Eta

rget fa

b.,

po

wer p

lan

t te

ch

no

log

ies

$2M

/year

Z-P

inc

h IF

Eta

rget

desig

n $

5M

/year

Z-P

inc

h IF

Eta

rget fa

b.,

po

wer p

lan

tte

ch

no

log

ies

$5M

/year

Z-P

inch

IFE

CE

$400k /y

ear

(SN

L L

DR

D +

)

Z-P

inch

IFE

Ro

ad

Map

We a

re h

ere

–

co

mp

lete

d - $

4M

for F

Y04

In p

rog

ress - $

4M

for F

Y05

Ke

y P

oin

ts

•S

peed u

p d

evelo

pm

ent o

f radia

tion-

resis

tant m

ate

rials

– fu

ndin

g a

nd 1

4 M

eV

neutro

n s

ourc

e, a

nd liq

uid

wall te

sts

.

•B

uild

com

ponent te

st fa

cility

– D

T a

nd

reacto

r level re

p ra

te, d

river te

st.

•A

nic

e fe

atu

re o

f IFE

is th

at s

uch

a fa

cility

could

be u

pgra

ded s

yste

matic

ally

to a

kin

d

of D

EM

O.