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  • 8/10/2019 Paola Sassi

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    Dr. Paola

    SassiStrategies On SustainableArchitecture

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    Main

    EnvironmentalIssues

    Global warming Global warming dewhich greenhouse gases accumulateabnormally high amounts, trapping tcausing its temperature to rise signito environmental problems such as cpatterns, rising sea levels and expan

    Pollution Pollution of air, water andburning of fossil fuels, industrial pro

    and other human activities, is endanbiodiversity and the built environme

    Ozone depletion Ozone shields the(UV) radiation and its depletion is cachlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and othsubstances into the atmosphere. Incare thought to be linked to a rise in sto the human immune system, and a

    Water A third of the world populati

    to safe water and, as the global popufor water will grow, as will waste anincreasingly threaten the quality of g

    Resources Some non-renewable resnatural gas and petroleum resourcesdepleted. The economically viable exabundant mineral ores may also be lresources, such as timber, are also at

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    Main

    EnvironmentalIssues

    Deforestation Deforestation throuconversion of forest land to agricultactivities causes the destruction of extinction of plant and animal speceffects of global warming and pollu

    Soil degradation Urbanisation, con

    agriculture and deforestation can cSoil erosion, increased salination, adrainage capacity and fertilisation cincrease the risk of flooding and de

    Waste Increasing amounts of wastelandfill sites, which pollute air, soil for more incineration, which pollutgenerally toxic residue.

    Extinction of flora and fauna The

    rates of plant and animal species arenvironmental damage to our plane

    Population Global population growincreases in the human-induced enmentioned above.

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    Environmentalimpactsassociatedwith the

    construction, inthe UK

    Buildings are responsible forenergy consumption

    Buildings account for 25 per ceoxide emissions and 10 per cen

    In 1997, the construction indusper cent of the water pollution wales

    Construction work on site is resnoise complaints

    6 tonnes of materials per perso

    30 million tonnes per year of exestimated to arise from constru

    30 million tonnes of waste ariseeach year

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    Action for the

    constructionindustry

    The Department of Trade and InduConstruction Brief suggests the foll

    for the construction industry:

    design for minimum waste

    lean construction and minimise w

    minimise energy in construction a

    do not pollute

    preserve and enhance biodiversit

    conserve water resources

    respect people and local environm

    monitor and report

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    Action for the

    constructionindustry

    The Department of Trade and InduConstruction Brief suggests the foll

    for the construction industry:

    design for minimum waste

    lean construction and minimise w

    minimise energy in construction a

    do not pollute

    preserve and enhance biodiversit

    conserve water resources

    respect people and local environm

    monitor and report

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    Addressing

    sustainabledesign

    Issues to be recommended for co

    Land and ecologyUse of brownfield sitesReuse of existing buildingsAppropriate densityInvestment in landscaping

    Public transportNew pedestrian routesEffects on micro-climates

    CommunityConsultation with the local commMixed developmentContribution to the economic andAmenity of the wider areaVisual amenity spaceAesthetic excellenceCollaborative enterprise involving

    HealthComfort for building inhabitantsMaximum use of natural light

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    Addressing

    sustainabledesign

    Materialsconservation of natural resourcesuse of recycled materialslow embodied energy materialsrenewable materials from a verifi

    no ozone-depleting chemicalsno volatile organic compound ma

    Energyhighest standards of energy efficirenewable energy sourcesuse of natural ventilationuse of passive solar energyuser-friendly building managemeexploiting the constant ground teuse of planting for shading and co

    Waterefficient use of waterharvesting rainwater and greywaminimising rainwater run-off

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    A sustainable

    site and landuse

    A sustainable site and land use

    Select the development site withSelect sites with public transport Select sites with existing or potenpedestrians and cyclists

    Select sites with low ecological vaSelect sites, the development of wthe community

    Use land efficientlyConsider the needs of the commuCreate viable and attractive develConsider mixed use developmentDesign to appropriately high densBuild on previously used and dere

    Minimise impact of development

    Protect local natural habitatsEnhance existing and introduce nEnhance potential for pedestriansInclude food production opportun

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    A sustainable

    site and landuse

    A sustainable site and land use

    Select the development site withSelect sites with public transport Select sites with existing or potenpedestrians and cyclists

    Select sites with low ecological vaSelect sites, the development of wthe community

    Use land efficientlyConsider the needs of the commuCreate viable and attractive develConsider mixed use developmentDesign to appropriately high densBuild on previously used and dere

    Minimise impact of development

    Protect local natural habitatsEnhance existing and introduce nEnhance potential for pedestriansInclude food production opportun

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    Assessing thelevel of

    environmentalimpacts

    IPAT is a formula to assess environconsiders factors that negatively affas well as those that positively affec

    Impact = population x affluen

    Where:the higher the population, the hig

    the higher the affluence, the higheconsumption and therefore the imp

    the more developed the technologefficiencies and the lower the envir

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    Assessing thelevel of

    environmentalimpacts

    IPAT is a formula to assess environconsiders factors that negatively affas well as those that positively affec

    Impact = population x affluen

    Where:the higher the population, the hig

    the higher the affluence, the higheconsumption and therefore the imp

    the more developed the technologefficiencies and the lower the envir

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    Case Study :

    Appropriate highdensities

    The PointBristol, UK

    Client: Crosby Special ProjectsArchitect: Feilden Clegg BradleyConsultation: BDORTown planning: Chapman WarrenServices engineers: BME PartnersStructural engineers: Clarke BondLandscape architect: Cooper PartQuantity surveyor: Cyril SweettMain contractor: SkanskaCompleted: 2002

    The town houses and the top floor flats of the four-storey blocks have roof terraces

    with views over the river.

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    Sustainabledesign features

    Site and ecologyThe development was busite and formspart of a city regeneratioBristol.

    Community and culturThe local community wathe design stage.Community facilities succhildrens play area,shop and communal gard

    HealthThe dwellings benefit frolight and are easily heate

    A childrens play area is situated on the southside of the housing development.

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    Sustainabledesign features

    EnergyThe dwellings are well inairtight and heated efficibiggest problem to overc

    was the conflict betweendevelopment towards thaccess and towards the nthe river.

    All dwellings benefit from good natural light and views of the river

    and the surrounding city.

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    Designing for

    sustainablecommunities

    Recognising and enhancapitalRespect individuality aIdentify and know the s

    Encourage community ownership.Encourage and value coinvolvement.Support and facilitate cinitiatives.Encourage and enhanc

    Providing basic needsProvide decent housingConsider opportunitiesand employment.Ensure all environmentaccessible and safe.

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    Designing for

    sustainablecommunities

    Enhancing the quality oRecognise the impact oenvironment oncommunity activities andConsider provision of aand leisure facilities.

    Ensure a quality publicProvide public and privenvironments for peopleEncourage community providing attractive, compublic environments of h

    Promoting sustainabili

    Educate, discuss, agree

    sustainable design with aDesign buildings as eduexplicit explanations or dsystems used.

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    The new visionfor urban living

    The new vision for urbVibrant and successful be created:

    where people shape thown communities

    where people can live i

    and buildings

    spaces which are moresustainable with less noitraffic congestion

    spaces which are prosppeople to develop their fu

    spaces which offer gooincluding health, educatitransport, finance, shoppprotection from crime

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    Case study:Sharing culture

    Uluru Kata Tjuta NatioCultural CentreUluru Kata Tjuta NationaNorthern Territory, AustClient: Mufifjulu CommuAustralia Environment Australia

    Architects: Gregory BurLandscape Architects: TStructural Engineers: PAssociates

    Services Engineers: W. AssociatesMain Contractor: SitzlerSpringsCompleted: 1995

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    Case study:Sharing culture

    Site and ecologyThrough the provision ocultural centre helpsprotect the landscape.Community and cultur

    Mutual understanding bpeopleThe process of learning different culturesHealthThe natural materials seprovide a healthyindoor environment.WaterWater is collected in tandrinking.Sewage is treated locallyclearwater.

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    Case study:Sharing culture

    MaterialsThe foundations are madearth. The building is madpoles and infilled with 90made with local soil with cent of bitumen added for

    bricks are covered with asoil and water. Panelling amade of radially sawn timefficient use of material. Troof and blood wood shinover plywood sheeting anmembrane, mixing traditicontemporary technologi

    EnergyThe building was designeventilated, withmechanical ventilation toThermal mass isprovided by the wall and

    The timber post

    construction is filled in

    with earth bricks covered

    with earth plaster

    Timber and copper shingles on the roof.