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A.1. Fill in the blank choosing the correct alternative : (a) Coffee farms are called fazendas in Brazil (b) Sao Paulo has nucleated settlements. (c) India is the second most populous country in the world. (d) In Brazil, condorsarehugeinsizeandflyhighinthesky.

A.2. Match the correct pairs : (a) Evergreen Forests – Pau Brasil (b) Deciduous forests – Teak (c) Himalayan forests – Pine (d) Thorny and bush type vegetation – Khejari

A.3. Differentiate between : (Any 2) (a)

The USA Brazil and India(i) The USA is a developed country. India and Brazil are developing

countries.

(ii) The population of this country is well-educated. USA has the strengths of many patents, mode rn t e chno l ogy and mechanical strength.

These countries are progressing in the fields of technological advancements, education and industry.

(iii) The USA is far ahead of Brazil and India in terms of National Income and Per Capita Income.

The National Income and Per Capital Income of India and Brazil is low. India seems to have an even lower per capita income, as compered to Brazil due to its very large. large population.

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(b)Urbanisation in India Brazil and India

(i) Growth of urbanisation in India has been slow. e.g. From 18% in 1961 to 31.2% in 2011.

Growth of urbanisation in Brazil has been rapid. e.g. From 47.1% in 1960 to 84.6% in 2010.

(ii) Urbanisation has been more in southern part than Northern part.

Urbanisation has been more in the coastal states than the states in the interior.

(iii) Nucleated settlements are found in paddy lands of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Plateau region of Narmada etc.

Nucleated settlements are found in East coastel region.

(iv) Dispersed settlements are found in Himalayan slopes, deserts of Rajasthan, tribal parts of central India etc.

Dispersed settlements are found in Amazon valley, Pantanal region.

(v) Most urbanised cities and states are Goa (62%), Delhi (80%), Chandigarh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu.

Most urbanised regions are Sao Paulo, Rio De Janeiro, Espirito Santo, Minas, Gerais, Manaus.

(vi) Least urbanised states are Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, Odisha, Central India, North East India.

Least urbanised states are Para, Maranhao, Piaui, Acre, Rondonia.

(c) Human settlements in the

Ganga river basinHuman settlements in the

Amazon river basin(i) Nucleated settlements are found

in Ganga River Basin.Dispersed settlements are found in this rigion.

(ii) RiverGangaflowsinNorthernIndiaand the soil deposited by Ganga and tributaries its tribal found has helped the of Northern Plains.

The Amazon River Basin is to the north of Brazil is and is its largest river basin.

(iii) There is ample of water, fertile soil, favourable climate in the Ganga River Basin.

It receives around 2000mm rainfall. There is extremelyunhealthy climate, inaccessibility.

(iv) Ganga River Basin is suitable for human settlement.

The Amazon River Basin is unsuitable for human settlement.

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(v) The above conditions has helped flourish agriculture and otherindustries resulting in huge employment opportunities.

Due to dense evergreen forests, there are restrictions on the use of natural resources, which has affected economic development.

A.4. (A) OnanoutlinemapofIndiafillthegiveninformationandmakea legend : (Any 4)

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A.4. (B) Read the map of Brazil given and answer the questions given below : (Any 4)

(a) Major cocoa growing region is in South Eastern Brazil. (b) Rubber plantation is commonly found in Amazon River Basin. (c) Animal husbandry is practised in Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina,

Rio Grande Do Sul & Moto Grosso Do Sul. (Any 1) (d) Coal is found in large quantities in Rio Grande Do Sul. (e) Rio De Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas,

Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Sul, Piaui, Maranhão are growing bananas. (Any 1)

(f) SouthAtlanticCoastisanexcellentfishingground.

A.5. Give geographical reasons : (Any 3) (a) (i) The northern part of Brazil is the equatorial region. (ii) In most parts of the equatorial region, it rains throughout the year.

The region receives convectional type of rainfall. (iii) In regions which receive rainfall throughout the year, the vegetation

is dense. Hence, the northern part of Brazil is covered with dense forests.

(b) (i) Population is an important resource of any country. (ii) The qualitative aspects of a population are important for a nation's

economic and social progress. (iii) The supply of labour in a country depends upon the size of the

population. (iv) The higher proportion of a youth in a country contributes to the

economic activities leading to economics progress. (v) Education, training and health services improve the quality of human

resources. (vi) Thus an optimum and quality population can bring about a country's

development.

(c) (i) Thehumansettlementsinaparticularplacedependsonfactorslikethe physical geography (climate, availability of water, topography of the land) availability of economic opportunities, transport facilities, government policies etc.

(ii) Of all these, availability of water is a major factor affecting human settlements.

(iii) Water is required for survival of living beings, for purposes likedrinking,cooking,agriculture,industriesetc.

(iv) The ancient settlements in Varanasi, Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Paithan developed in river basins.

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Thus it can be said that the prosperity of human civilization depends on availibility of water.

(d) (i) India occupies 2.4% land area of the world and supports 17.5% of the world's total population.

(ii) Brazil occupies 5.6% of land area of the world and supports 2.75% of the world's total population.

(iii) Average density of population in India is about 382 persons per sq. km.(2011census).

(iv) While average density of population in Brazil is around 23 persons persq.km.(2010census).

(v) Brazil's population is lesser than India, and it occupies a larger land area than India.

So, the per capita land availability is more in Brazil as compared to India.

A.6. (A) Draw a simple line graph to represent the data and answer the following questions :

(a) In2016,thelifeexpectancyofanIndianis68years. (b) Lifeexpectancyhasbeenthethelowestbetween1960to1970. (c) Anincreasedlifeexpectancyshowsahigherstandardofliving.

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1960 1970 1980 1990

10

Life

Exp

ecta

ncy

(Yea

rs)

Years

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Life Expectancy of India

Scale :1 cm = 10 years

2000 2010 2016

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OR A.6. (B) Observe the given graph and answer the following questions: (Any 3) (a) The graph shown is a compound bar graph. The details provided are the

GNI of Brazil, India and USA for the Years 1960, 1980, 2000 and 2016. (b) IndiahasthelowestGNIinYear2000isIndiaanditisapproximatly

$50 billion. (c) Comparing Brazil and India, India's national income is higher in 2016

by about US $ 30 billion . (d) The GNI of India is about US $ 2000 billion and that of USA is about US $

18000 billion. The difference between the two is about US $ 16000 billion. (e)

Types of EconomyBrazil U.S.Mixed Capitalistic

(f) Level of Development

U.S. India

Developed Economy Developing Economy

A.7. Answer the following in detail : (Any 2) (a) (i) A greater diversity in wildlife is found in Brazil than any other

country in the world. (ii) In the swampy areas of the Pantanal, huge anacondas are found. (iii))InBrazil, guinea pigs, crocodiles, alligators,monkeys, pumas,

leopards, etc are found. (iv) Amongthefishvarieties,mainlyswordfisharefoundintheseas,

whilepinkdolphinsandpiranhasarefoundintherivers. (v) Condorswhicharehugeinsizeandflyhighinthesky,varioustypes

ofparrots,macaws,andflamingoesarethemajorbirdsfoundhere. (vi) Millions of insect varieties are also found here.

(b) (i) The western part of Brazil is mainly covered by the Amazon Basin whichisunfitforhumansettlement.

(ii) Inaccessibility,poortransportlinks,unfavourableclimate,heavyrainfall are the main barriers.

(iii) Moreover,lackofknowledgeofpotentialreservesofresources,etc.is the other factor which has led to limitations in mining in the western part of Brazil.

(iv) Due to all these reasons, mining is not developed in the western part of Brazil.

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(c) (i) Humansettlementsinspecificlocationsdependonvariousfactorslikeclimate,availabilityofwater,topographylevelofemploymentand the development.

(ii) In India nucleated human settlements are found in the Ganga River BasinofUttarPradesh,Bihar,becauseof theflat fertileplains,abundance of water, favourable climate and growth of agriculture and industries.

(iii) Dispersed settlement are found in Himalayan slopes, eastern and southern Rajasthan because of uneven topography unfavourable climateandlackofdevelopment.

(iv) In Brazil, nucleated settlements are found in Sao Paulo, Southern Coastal Brazil, due to nearness to the oceans, fertile soil, availability of natural minerals line iron ore, steady power supply and good transportation system.

(v) Dispersed settlements are found in Northern Brazil due to the inaccessible forests in Amazon River Basin, unhealthy climate, limitations on use of natural resources and poor transport connectivity. Scattered settlements are also found in the drought region of Caatinga.

(d) Similarities in population distribution in Brazil and India: (i) In Brazil as well as in India, population is very unevenly distributed. (ii) Inaccessibility dense forests and absenence of facility are the barriers

to human settlements. (iii) Regions in the north, north west and north east of both the countries

are regions of low population. (iv) Populationisconcentrateinflatfertileregionswhichhaveabundent

water resources, transport facilities, mild climate and development of agriculture industries and trade.

(v) Coastal regions are densely populated in Brazil. Also the western and eastern coastal region on the northern plains of India are densely populated.

Differences between population distribution in Brazil and India. (i) Though the area of both the countries is occupied by vast river

basinsthedistributionofpopulationisextremelyoppositeinboththe river basins.

(ii) The Amazon river basin is densely populated. (iii) The average density of population in India it is 382 persons per

sq.km.

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