paper 2 test - isaac newton academy · modern scientists use cloning techniques.0. which one of the...

Paper 2 test Name ..................................................................... Class ................. Date .....................

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This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 1

Figure 1 shows an animal cell and some of the structures inside the cell.

Figure 1

Use words from the box to label structures A, B, and C, on Figure 1.

(3 marks)

0 1

0 1 . 1

characteristic chromosome gamete gene nucleus

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Factors that may affect characteristics include genes and the environment. Figure 2 shows some of the characteristics of a girl.

Figure 2

Draw one line from each characteristic in List A to the factor(s) that affect the characteristic in List B.

List A characteristic

List B factor(s) that affect the

characteristic blue eyes affected by genes only

height 162 cm affected by environment only

scar on arm affected by both genes and the environment

affected by neither genes nor the environment

(3 marks) AQA 2012

0 1 . 2





Figure 3 shows how a Labrador can be crossed with a Poodle to produce a Labradoodle puppy.

Figure 3

What is the name of cell A shown in Figure 3?

(1 mark)

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

The sperm cell and cell A are types of

embryo gamete gene

The type of reproduction shown in Figure 3 is called

asexual reproduction tissue culture sexual reproduction (2 marks)

0 2

0 2 . 1

0 2 . 2





The Labradoodle puppy has some characteristics of each of its parents, but it is not identical to either parent. Give one characteristic of the Labradoodle puppy that is similar to the Labrador father but not the Poodle mother.

(1 mark)

Give one characteristic of the Labradoodle puppy that is similar to the Poodle mother but not the Labrador father.

(1 mark)

AQA 2015

Figure 4 shows part of the carbon cycle.

Figure 4

Name the processes labelled A, B, C, and D, on the diagram.

A:

B:

C:

D: (4 marks)

AQA 2012

0 2 . 3

0 2 . 4

0 3





Modern scientists use cloning techniques.

Which one of the following is a method of producing cloned plants?

Tick () one box.

joining male and female sex cells

taking cuttings from plants

transferring genes from one plant to another plant (1 mark)

Figure 5 shows a method that could be used in the future to produce a human.

Figure 5

What is the name of the method shown in Figure 5? Tick () one box.

adult cell cloning

embryo transplant

tissue culture (1 mark)

0 4

0 4 . 1

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What type of cell is cell P? Draw a ring around the correct answer.

(1 mark)

Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

The of cell P is

removed and is discarded. (1 mark)

Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

To make cell W divide to form an embryo, the cell must be treated

with (1 mark)

The embryo must be placed in an adult female to develop into a child. Where, in the adult female, should the embryo be placed?

(1 mark)

Some children have kidney disease. Kidney disease cannot be cured. In the future, scientists could make a healthy clone of a child with kidney disease. One kidney could then be transplanted from the cloned child into the child with kidney disease. The cloned child would still live with only one remaining kidney. Suggest two reasons why people might disagree with cloning a child to get a kidney for transplanting.

1.

2. (2 marks)

AQA 2015

0 4 . 3

0 4 . 4

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0 4 . 7

an egg cell a skin cell a sperm cell

cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus

an electric shock enzymes hormones





Some students set up biogas generators to find out which type of animal manure produced the most biogas. Figure 6 shows the apparatus they used.

Figure 6

The students: Step 1: Put some cow manure into the plastic bottle. Step 2: Filled the bottle with distilled water. Step 3: Attached a balloon over the top of the bottle. Step 4: Put the bottle in a warm room for 10 days. Step 5: Measured the diameter of the balloon on day 10. Step 6: Repeated steps 1 to 5 using each type of animal manure.

The students’ results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Type of animal manure

Diameter of balloon on day 10 in cm

cow 29

horse 26

sheep 34

pig 32

What is the main gas found in biogas?

(1 mark)

0 5

0 5 . 1





The students concluded that sheep manure is the best type of manure to use in a biogas generator. A teacher told the students that the design of their investigation meant that their conclusion might not be correct. Suggest two reasons why.

1.

2. (2 marks)

Another student suggested that adding potato to the manure would increase the amount of biogas produced. Why would adding potato increase the amount of biogas produced?

Tick () one box.

The potato contains a lot of carbohydrate

The potato contains a lot of protein.

The potato contains a lot of water. (1 mark)

AQA 2015

Some students investigated the effect of caffeine on reaction time. To measure reaction time, the first student held a metre ruler above the second student’s hand. When the ruler was dropped the second student had to catch it as soon as possible. The distance the ruler fell was measured as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7

0 5 . 2

0 5 . 3

0 6





They measured the second student’s reaction time seven times after drinking a mug of water and calculated a mean. The second student then drank a mug of strong coffee. Coffee contains caffeine. After half an hour they measured his reaction time again, seven times. Their results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2

Distance the ruler fell before being caught in cm Mean After drinking water 18 20 24 15 16 12 21 18

After drinking coffee 10 10 15 10 11 13 15

What was the independent variable in this investigation?

Tick () one box.

coffee or water drunk

distance ruler fell

length of ruler (1 mark)

What was the range of results after drinking water?

(1 mark)

What was the mode of the results after drinking coffee?

(1 mark)

Calculate the mean distance the ruler fell after drinking coffee.

(1 mark)

0 6 . 1

0 6 . 2

0 6 . 3

0 6 . 4





Figure 8 shows a graph that can be used to calculate the reaction time in seconds from the distance the ruler fell.

Figure 8

Use Figure 8 to estimate the mean reaction time after drinking water and after drinking coffee.

(1 mark)

What conclusion can be made about the effect of caffeine on reaction time?

(1 mark)

0 6 . 5

0 6 . 6





Scientists have observed changes in the migration patterns of some species of birds. Figure 9 shows the arrival dates in the UK of two species of birds, the sand martin and the barn swallow. Both birds feed on flying insects.

Figure 9

What two changes in migratory patterns are shown in the data?

Tick () two boxes.

Birds fly at faster speeds than they used to.

Barn swallows arrive later to the UK than they used to.

Sand martins have always arrived in the UK before barn swallows.

Both birds arrive earlier to the UK than they used to.

After 1970 the order that the two birds arrive in the UK reversed. (2 marks)

The migratory patterns of the two birds have changed. Suggest one reason why.

(1 mark)

AQA 2012

0 7

0 7 . 1

0 7 . 2





Blood glucose concentration in humans must be kept between 4.4 and 6.1 mmol/dm3. Four students, A, B, C, and D, tested their blood glucose concentration with glucose testing strips. Figure 10 shows the results of their tests and the key from the test strip bottle.

Figure 10

Which student, A, B, C, or D, has diabetes and has eaten a

large piece of cake? (1 mark)

Which student, A, B, C, or D, is in most need of eating

carbohydrates? (1 mark)

Which student, A, B, C, or D, has a healthy blood glucose

concentration? (1 mark)

Name the hormone that people with diabetes inject to prevent their blood glucose concentration from becoming too high.

(1 mark)

Blood glucose concentration is monitored in the body. Which organ monitors blood glucose concentration? Draw a ring around the correct answer.

brain liver pancreas (1 mark) AQA 2015

0 8

0 8 . 1

0 8 . 2

0 8 . 3

0 8 . 4

0 8 . 5





The human population is increasing and more household waste is being produced.

Give one way in which an increase in household waste affects our environment.

(1 mark)

The release of sulfur dioxide affects our environment. Figure 11 shows how the mass of sulfur dioxide released in the UK has changed from 2001 to 2011.

Figure 11

Describe the pattern shown in Figure 11.

(2 marks)

In 2001, 1400 thousand tonnes of sulfur dioxide was released. By which year had the amount of sulfur dioxide released reduced to half of this amount?

(1 mark)

Give one problem caused when sulfur dioxide gas is in the air.

(1 mark)

0 9

0 9 . 1

0 9 . 2

0 9 . 3

0 9 . 4





Carbon dioxide is another gas that affects the environment. Which two of the following help to reduce the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by storing carbon dioxide?

Tick () two boxes.

animals respiring

carbon dioxide being absorbed in oceans and lakes

photosynthesis by trees

the production of biogas (2 marks)

AQA 2015

Living things inherit some characteristics.

What does inherit mean?

(2 marks)

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder. Give one effect of cystic fibrosis on the body.

Tick () one box.

having extra fingers or toes

damaged cell membranes

the body is paralysed (1 mark)

0 9 . 5

1 0

1 0 . 1

1 0 . 2





Figure 12 is a family tree showing the inheritance of cystic fibrosis in a family.

The parents do not have cystic fibrosis. Children A and C have cystic fibrosis. Children B and D do not have cystic fibrosis.

Figure 12

Which two of these statements are correct? Use information from Figure 12 to help you.

Tick () two boxes.

Cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele.

Only females can have cystic fibrosis.

Each parent had one cystic fibrosis allele.

The next child in the family will definitely have cystic fibrosis. (2 marks)

Scientists can test an embryo to find out if the embryo has cystic fibrosis. What method would scientists use to test if an embryo has cystic fibrosis? Tick () one box.

embryo division

embryo predicting

embryo screening (1 mark)

1 0 . 3

1 0 . 4





Some people disagree with embryo testing. Suggest one reason why.

(1 mark)

AQA 2015

Your kidney plays an important role in maintaining the correct water balance in your body. Explain how your kidneys produce urine.

(4 marks)

Human urine can vary depending on a person’s water intake, level of exercise, and the ambient conditions. Describe the urine that would be produced by a runner on a hot sunny day.

(1 mark)

Figure 13 below shows a cross section through the human eye.

Figure 13

1 0 . 5

1 1 . 1

1 1 . 2

1 2





The lens is the main structure responsible for focusing light on the retina. This is held in place by the ciliary muscles and the suspensory ligaments. Identify these structures from Figure 13.

(2 marks)

Name the other part of the eye that helps to focus light.

(1 mark)

Explain how your eye responds to different light intensities and the importance of these changes.

(6 marks)

1 2 . 1

1 2 . 2

1 2 . 3





Human activities have many effects on our ecosystem. Figure 14 shows the volume of peat compost and peat-free compost used in gardening from 1999 to 2009.

Figure 14

Describe the trends shown in Figure 14.

(2 marks)

What effect does the destruction of peat bogs have on the gases in the atmosphere?

(1 mark)

Deforestation is also damaging ecosystems. Describe one effect of deforestation on ecosystems.

(1 mark)

AQA 2015

A group of students investigated the distribution of plants living in a sand dune habitat next to a shoreline. The students also collected information about some physical factors in the habitat.

1 3

1 3 . 1

1 3 . 2

1 3 . 3

1 4





Figure 15 shows a diagram of the sand dunes and the students’ results. The bars show where each plant species was found.

Figure 15

Plant species

Sea rocket Marram grass Red fescue Rush Creeping willow Buttercup Orchid Pine tree

Physical factors

% light intensity at ground level 98 92 98 88 85 82 93 80 52 27

% of water in soil 10 8 2 5 10 45 56 23 26 22

Describe how the students could have collected the data for the plant species. Use Figure 15 to answer these questions.

(4 marks)

Which plant species has no competitors in any part of the habitat?

(1 mark)

1 4 . 1

1 4 . 2





Which plant species lives in the driest conditions of the habitat?

(1 mark)

The further away from the sea, the older the dune habitat becomes. Different numbers of species of plants grow in different parts of the dune habitat. Describe how the age of the dune habitat affects the number of different species sampled.

(2 marks)

Only a few other plants can grow in the area where the pine trees grow. Explain why.

(2 marks)

AQA 2014 Figure 16 below shows a cross section through the human brain.

Figure 16

Identify the areas of the brain labelled A and B on Figure 16.

(1 mark)

1 4 . 3

1 4 . 4

1 4 . 5

1 5

1 5 . 1





A person has a disease that affects their balance and mobility. Which region of the brain highlighted on the diagram is likely to be affected?

(1 mark)

Identify the area of the brain labelled C and explain why an injury to this region is likely to be fatal.

(4 marks)

1 5 . 2

1 5 . 3


paper 2 test - isaac newton academy · modern scientists use cloning techniques.0. which one of the...

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