paper batteryand its applications

PAPER BATTERY AND IT’S

APPLICATIONS

Guided By Presented By Dr. Govind Singh Anamika Singh

B.Tech (I.T.) VII SEM ROLL.NO. 124503

Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyMahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidhalaya

Chitrakoot Satna (M.P.)2016-2017

CONTENT

• Introduction

• Objective

• Problems with Li-ion batteries

• Paper Battery

• Principle

• Cellulose paper

• Carbon Nanotubes

• Fabrication and working

• Advantage & Limitations

• Application & latest research

• Conclusion

Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII SEMFaculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION

Objective

“A Battery may actually be a super Capacitor”

Term-

• Battery

• Capacitor

• Super capacitor

Function SuperCapacitor Li-ion

Charge time 1-10s 10-60 min

Cell Voltage 2.3-2.75V 3.6-3.7V

Cost/Wh $20 $0.50- $1

Charge Temperature -40 to 65°c 0-45°c

ServiceLife(vehicle) 10-15 years 5-10 years



IntroductionA paper battery is a battery engineered to use a paper-thinsheet of cellulose infused with aligned carbon nanotubes.• In August 2007, a research team at RENSSELEAR

POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE led by Drs. Robert Linhardt,John H.Broadbent, Pulickel M.Ajayan, Omkaram Nalamasu witha joint appointment in Material science and engineeringdeveloped the Paper Battery.

• In December 2009 Yi Cui and his team at STANFORDUNIVERSITY successfully made an actual prototype that gavea terminal voltage of 1.5V(For a postage stamp sized ).



Problems with Li-ion batteries

• Limited life-time

• Weight and size

• Environmental hazards

• Corrosion, leakage

• High cost ( BESS $23million for a 20 MW plant

installed by AES in Johnson )

• Thermal stability at high temperatures

• No commercially viable recycling process for used

Li-ion batteries( <10%)



Paper Battery

• A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage

and production device formed by combining carbon

nanotubes with a conventional sheet of cellulose-

based paper.

• A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery

and super capacitor. This combination allows the

battery to provide both long-term, steady power

production and bursts of energy.

• It can be bent and twisted, trimmed with scissors or

molded into any needed shape.


Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII SemFaculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

PrinciplePaper Battery= Paper (Cellulose) + Carbon Nanotubes

The battery produces electricity in the same way as the

conventional lithium-ion batteries, but all the components

have been incorporated into a lightweight, flexible sheet of

paper

• Electrode: Carbon Nanotube (CNT) as cathode and a

thin lithium layer as anode

• Electrolyte: All electrolytes, Ionic liquid (incl. bio

electrolytes like blood, sweat and urine)

• Separator: Paper (Cellulose)



Cellulose Paper

Cellulose is one of many polymers found in nature.

Cellulose is made of repeat units of the monomer

glucose

• High Tensile strength; Low Shear Strength

• Biodegradable & Biocompatible

• Excellent Porosity & Absorption Capacity

• Easily Reusable and Recyclable



Carbon Nanotubes

A carbon nanotubes is a tube shaped material,made of carbon, having a diameter measuring onthe nanometer scale.

Carbon Nanotubes have many structures,differing in length, thickness, and in the type ofhelicity and number of layers.

These Nanotubes, which colour the paperblack, act as electrodes and allow the storagedevices to conduct electricity.



Carbon Nanotubes

Properties-

• 100 times stronger than steel

• Low resistance (~33 ohm per sq. inch).

• Temperature operating range: -75°C to +150°C

• Thickness: typically about 0.5-0.7mm

• Very Good Electrical Conductivity (better than

Silicon).

• The O.C.V. of Paper Batteries is directly proportional

to CNT concentration.



material Tensile strength

Gpa orN/mm2

Steel 0.65-1

SWNT 13-53

MWNT 150

Carbon Nanotubes



According to Layers-

1) SWNT-Single Wall Nano-tube

Cost- $20-2000/g

2) DWNT-Dual Wall Nano-tube

Cost- $10/g

3) MWNT-Multi Wall Nano-tube

Cost- $0.5-100/g

Fabrication

Steps-1. Black carbon ink which is solution of nano rods, surface

adhesive agent, silver nanowires and ionic liquidsolutions is being spread on a paper spread on the paper

2. A thin lithium film is laminated over the exposedcellulose surface

3. The paper is kept in the oven at 150 degree Celsius4. Next, the paper is peeled off from the substrate battery5. Connect a LED on both the ends of the battery and check

its functionality.



Fabrication (Cont.)

Apply Black

carbon ink on

paper

Lamination of

thin lithium film

Heating of Paper

upto 5 min. at

150°c

Crumple the

piece of paper

A Paper Battery is ready



Working of paper Battery

• Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between

electrolyte and carbon nanotubes.

• Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery

and flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal.

• The ionic liquid electrolyte that is soaked into the paper is

a liquid salt and contains no water, so it won’t freeze or

boil

• Aluminum rods are used to transfer current between the 2

electrodes.



Advantages• If we stack 500 sheets together in a ream, that's 500 times the

voltage. If we rip the paper in half we cut power by 50%. So wecan control the power and voltage issue

• Environment friendly.• It could charge 10-20 times faster than conventional Li-ion

batteries.• Light, rugged, flexible, can be rolled, crunched, cut, made into

any shape.• Because it consists mainly of paper and carbon, it could be used

to power pacemakers within the body where conventionalbatteries pose a toxic threat.



Limitations

• Presently, the devices are only a few inches across

and they have to be scaled up to sheets of newspaper

size to make it commercially viable

• Carbon nanotubes are expensive

• The idea is still in the labs and a commercially viable

paper battery will take at least 40-60 years to become

a reality

• Theses batteries generate e-wastage



Applications



Applications(Cont.)



Applications(Cont.)



The latest nanomaterials made of extremely thin and strong carbon fiber replace the car’s steel body panels

and can be used in the car’s roof, doors, and floor. These panels also doubles up as the car’s battery

The car’s weight can be reduced by

15%

This material can be charged byPlugging into the main electricity gridHamessing the energy generated when

the car brakes

The body panel are discharged as the car’s electric

motor is used

Applications(Cont.)



Paper Battery in Head Phone

Applications(Cont.)Power Responder product lines provides high-energy and low leakage to allow long

lasting high power plus output. The Power Wrapper ™ product line consists of the

industry’s thinnest, patternable super capacitor devices at voltages designed to

match battery and system operating voltages



Applications(Cont.)



Cost and Investments

Cost- Ultra thin lifepo4 power paper battery battery cell 3.2v 33ah

US $38.95-49.50/piece

Durable power up electric paper airplane conversion kit US $3.51-4.62

Investments-

1. Paper Battery Companey in troy NY has $3 million investment.

2. Popular investors are Martin Babinec, Jason Hirsch Jeremy Krishna

Natarajan,Tylt labs & Caerur Ventures, Alibaba



Other Researches• Bacteria-powered battery made from a single sheet of

paper• A solvent-free microbial-activated air cathode battery

paper platform made with pencil-traced graphiteelectrodes

• University Sains Malaysia(USM) have successfullycreated a new method for producing CNT from $100-$700 US to just $15-$35 US for each gram. According toteam leader Dr. Abdul Rahman “ The system is capableof producing up to 1000 grams of carbon nanotubes aday using rotation reactor. [April12,2012]



Conclusions

• The range of possible applications for paper batteries

derives from their important advantages as compared

to conventional battery technologies.

• The researchers say that it can also be used in

automobiles and aircraft. But it has a poor

processibility. Lastly, the use of ionic liquid makes

the device environmentally friendly.

