1Fluidflowinanicenginepresentsoneofthemost challenging fluid dynamics problems to model.Thisisbecausetheflowisassociatedwithlargedensity variations. adetailedunderstandingoftheflowandcombustion processes is required to improve performance of engine . Anattempthasbeenmadetostudythecombustion processesinaCIengineandsimulationisdoneusing computational fluid dynamic (CFD code F!"#$T2The primary objectives of the project are:Toestimatevariousphysical-chemical propertiesandusetrasesterifcation process to derive biodiesel using dairy scumTo determine the performance parameters.ToanalyzetheMeshedmodelusingluent !" soft#are. $Transesterifcationistheprocessofusingan alcoholinthepresenceofcatalysttobrea%the molecule of the ra# rene#able oil chemically into methylorethylesteroftherene#ableoilith glycerol as a byproduct. 'Physico-chemical propertiesBiodiesel limitASTMBiodiesel from dairy scumUnits1.(inematic viscosity2.)-* '.+, c-t2.lash point 1++-1,+ .* to /*+c$.!loud point -) to 1, 1$+c'.0our point -1) to 1* 1++c).!alorifc value '+ $,../ M12%g)*!omputational 3uid dynamics 4!"5 is the science of predicting 3uid 3o#& heat transfer& mass transfer& chemical reactions& and related phenomena by solving the mathematical e6uations #hich govern these processes using a numerical process.The result of !" analyses is relevant engineering data used in: !onceptual studies of ne# designs. "etailed product development. Troubleshooting. 7edesign.!" analysis complements testing and e8perimentation. 7educes the total e9ort re6uired in the laboratory.:nalysis begins #ith a mathematical model of a physical problem.!onservation of matter& momentum& and energy must be satisfed throughout the region of interest.luid properties are modeled empirically.-implifying assumptions are made in order to ma%e the problem tractable 4e.g.& steady-state& incompressible& inviscid& t#o-dimensional5.0rovide appropriate initial and boundary conditions for the problem.,%"omain is discretized into a fnite set of control volumes or cells. The discretized domain is called the ;grid< or the ;mesh. 0urposes of !" codes #ill be di9erent for di9erent applications: investigation of bubble-3uid interactions for bubbly 3o#s& study of #ave induced massively separated 3o#s for free-surface& etc.> "epend on the specifc purpose and 3o# conditions of the problem& di9erent !" codes can be chosen for di9erent applications 4aerospace& marines& combustion& multi-phase 3o#s& etc.5> ?nce purposes and !" codes chosen& ;!" process< is the steps to set up the @AB0 problem and run the code: 1. =eometry2. 0hysics $. Mesh '. -olve ). 7eports *. 0ost processing/1+&iscous 'odel(oundary ConditionsInitial ConditionsConvergent !imitContours)recisions(single*double$umerical +cheme&ectors+treamlines &erificationGeometry+elect ,eometry,eometry )arametersPhysics Mesh SolvePost-ProcessingCompressible-$*-FFFlow properties"nstructured(automatic*manual+teady*"nsteadyForces .eport(lift*drag/ shear stress/ etc01 )lotDomain +hape and +i2e3eat Transfer -$*-FF+tructured(automatic*manualIterations*+teps&alidationReports >Modeling is the mathematical physics problem formulation in terms of a continuous initial boundary value problem 4@AB05>@AB0 is in the form of 0artial "i9erential C6uations 40"Cs5 #ith appropriate boundary conditions and initial conditions.>Modeling includes:1. =eometry and domain2. !oordinates$. =overning e6uations'. lo# conditions). @nitial and boundary conditions*. -election of models for di9erent applications

11> Davier--to%es e6uations 4$" in !artesian coordinates5+++ =+++222222zwywxwzpzwwywvxwutw 12+++ =+++222222zuyuxuxpzuwyuvxuutu +++ =+++222222zvyvxvypzvwyvvxvutv ( ) ( ) ( )0 =+++zwyvxut RT p =Lvp pDtDRDtR DR= +222) (23!onvection 0iezometric pressure gradient Biscous termsEocal acceleration!ontinuity e6uationC6uation of state7ayleigh C6uation>@nitial conditions 4@!-& steady2unsteady 3o#s5>@!s should not a9ect fnal results and only a9ect convergence path& i.e. number of iterations 4steady5 or time steps 4unsteady5 need to reach converged solutions.>More reasonable guess can speed up the convergence>or complicated unsteady 3o# problems& !" codes are usually run in the steady mode for a fe# iterations for getting a better initial conditions1$1'>Aoundary conditions: Do-slip or slip-free on #alls& periodic& inlet 4velocity inlet& mass 3o# rate& constant pressure& etc.5& outlet 4constant pressure& velocity convective& numerical beach& zero-gradient5& and non-re3ecting 4for compressible 3o#s& such as acoustics5& etc. Do-slip #alls: uF+&vF+vF+& dp2drF+&du2drF+@nlet &uFc&vF+?utlet& pFcPeriodic boundary condition in spanwise direction of an airfoilor8:8isymmetric1)> !" codes typically designed for solving certain 3uidphenomenon by applying di9erent models> Biscous vs. inviscid47e5> Turbulent vs. laminar 47e& Turbulent models5>@ncompressible vs. compressible 4Ma& e6uation of state5> -ingle- vs. multi-phase 4!a& cavitation model& t#o-3uid model5> Thermal2density e9ects and energy e6uation40r& & =r& Cc& conservation of energy5> ree-surface 3o# 4r& level-set G surface trac%ing model5 and surface tension 4He& bubble dynamic model5> !hemical reactions and combustion 4!hemical reaction model5: Ie8ahedral mesh is generated using :D-J- MeshingMany di9erent cell2element and grid types are available. !hoice depends on the problem and the solver capabilities.> !ell or element types:1*Type : our stro%eMa%e: %irlos%ar :B-1Aore: .+mm-tro%e : 11+mm-#ept volume : ))$cc!ylinder capacity: *2'.1/cc"ynamometer : Clectrical& -#inging ield 7esistive Eoading!ylinder pressure: Ay piezo -ensor& 7ange: )++ psi !ompression 7atio: 1*:1 to 2):17ated po#er: $.,)(H K 1)++ 70M Eoading type : "irect current generator& Boltage 1'+B& Ma8imum !urrent 2$ amps

Tor6ue& uel lo#: Ay transducer and "igital sensors!ooling system : Hater cooled1,BlendsPerformance EmissionA0 4%#5 ATC LA-! %g2%#-h!?2 L!? LI! ppmD?8 ppm"iesel 1./+) 2*../) +.$+'' 1./ +.+2 2' 2+'A1+ 1..)$1 2*.1*2 +.$2$, 1.2 +.+1 1+ 1')A2+ 1./))2 2).+/' +.$$,) 1., +.+2 2) 1/*A'+ 1./,) 2,..2' +.$1'/ 1.$ +.+1 1+ 1')A*+ 1../+. 2'.2* +.$'/+ 1.$ +.+1 / 1'.A.+ 1./2.) 2'.,)1 +.$'22 1.' +.+2 11 1.*A1++ 1../) 2'.$2. +.$'. 2 +.+2 1/ 2+21. RESULTS AND PERFORMANE1/2+21222$2'!" gives a means of visualizing and enhanced understanding of your designs. !" helps engineers and designers to design better and faster. Time and money are saved. 0roducts get to mar%et faster. 2)-imultaneous 3o# of heat&Mass transfer 4eg. perspiration& dissolution5&0hase change 4eg. melting& freezing& boiling5&!hemical reaction 4eg. combustion& rusting5&Mechanical movement 4eg. of pistons& fans& rudders5-tresses in and displacement of immersed or surrounding solids.2*The input data may involve too much guess #or% or imprecision The available computer po#er may be too small for high numerical accuracy 4in terms of the memory spaces and capabilities5The scientifc %no#ledge base may be inade6uate2,o: good agreement bet#een the modeling and e8perimental data needs to be ensured.oHor% is being carried out to sho# that !" can be a reliable tool for the combustion modelling of !@ engine fueled #ith biodiesel blend. oAiodiesel can be a suitable replacement to diesel& hence it can be used as a alternative fuel for a future #or%.2.J.Ta%ena%a& M.Jabe& J. :oyagi and T. -hioza%i 41//+5 has studied ;Three dimensional computation of @n-cylinder lo# #ith inta%e port in "@ "iesel Cngine