Papers due WEDNESDAY.

Theodor Herzl 1860-1904

• Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State)

• World Zionist Organization

Where to put a Jewish state?

• Britain offered land in Uganda

• WZO split over the issue.

ALIYA “going up” to Israel

• 1882-1913: first mass migrations.

• Start of Kibbutz movement: collective farms.

W W I 1914-1918

• Palestine under control of Turkey – Ottoman Empire

• After war, Britain is in control

1917 Balfour declaration

• “Jewish Homeland” promised by Britain

• “Best efforts” extend only to the point where efforts would lead to discrimination anywhere.

W W I

• British pacified Arabs, promised Palestine to them for aid in fighting Turks.

Post W W I

• More migrations in 1920’s

• Jewish socialist movements in Palestine

• Hopes that social reforms would put Judaism at the peak of human culture.

Jewish Arab relations

• 1920’s growing militancy in Zionist movement.

• Hopes for a JEWISH state but non-Jews must be given full rights

• Arab fighters assisted by Britain.

• Jewish immigration banned.

W W II

• Growing militancy in Palestine:

• Jewish police force forms,

• Paramilitary organizations grow.

Post W W II

• Britain rejects Zionist proposals

• Secret immigration and violence

1947 United Nations

• USA USSR agree to a Jewish state

• British Mandate ended

UN Plan

• 2 States

• Jerusalem International city.

• Jewish state relatively small.

1948

• 14 May Provisional government declared

• 15 May British rule ends

1st Arab Israeli War

• 1948-49

• Stalemate

• Many Palestinian refugees.

• Arab states often rejected them.

Population shifts: late 40’s 50’s

• Massive immigration to Jews into Israel

• Large scale refugee movements: Palestinians out of Israel.

• Wholesale expulsions of Jews from Arab nations.

Law of Return

• “Every Jew has the right to come to Israel as an immigrant”

1956 Second war

• Egypt nationalizes Suez canal

• Brit. France mobilize

• Egypt Masses troops on Israeli border

• Isr. Attacks, reaches canal in 4 days

• Withdrawal from Sinai

“6 Day War”June 1967

• Arab states plan to attack Israel

• Israel strikes first.

Occupied Territories

• Sinai peninsula

• Gaza Strip

• West Bank (Jordan)

• Golan Heights (Syria)• Jerusalem.

Yom Kippur WarOct. 6-24 1973

• Egypt attacks across Suez

• Syria attacks Golan Heights

• Israeli counterattacks regain land.

Hope for Peace?

• 1979. • Sadat of Egypt signs peace deal with

Begin of Israel• “Camp David”

• 1981. Sadat assassinated by Islamicist extremists.

• Israel withdraws again from Egyptian territory.

1994

• Yitzhak Rabin makes peace agreement with Palestinians.

Assisinated in 1995 by Jewish radical.

Issues in Israel

• How “religious” should the country be?• How much of the bible story should govern

policies? – Davidic empire?– Are Arabs “Canaanites”?

• Who is a Jew?• Jews who convert to Christianity?• Secular Jews?