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Topic of Presentation

CRAY XE6

Presented By: Abdul Samad KhanCE-2009-238Sec: D

Presented to: Sir Saquib


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WHAT IS SUPER COMPUTER?

A type of computer which is used to focus theapplications that requires large mathematicaland difficult calculations at frontline ofprocessing capacity is known as Super

computer.

Introduced in the 1960s and were designedprimarily by Seymour Cray at Control Data

Corporation (CDC), and later at CrayResearch.

The CDC6600, released in 1964, is generally

considered the first supercomputer.

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SOME SUPER COMPUTERS

33Kcomput

er

IBM RoadRunner


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44BlueGene L

The EarthSimulator


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TYPES OF SUPERCOMPUTERS

There are three main categories of general purposesupercomputers:

Vector processing machines

Tightly connected cluster computers Commodity computers

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Vector processing machines

Vector processor, or array processor, is, aCPU that is able to run mathematical operationson a large number of data elements very quickly.

A vector processor is opposite of a scalar

processor, which can only do one element at atime.

Vector processors were common in the scientificsector of computing, thats where they invented

the basis of most supercomputers through the1980s and some of the 1990s.

In todays supercomputers, almost all CPUsinclude some vector processing instructionsusually known as SIMD

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cluster computers

A computer cluster is a group of connectedcomputers that work together as a unit.

One of the most popular examples is a clusterwith nodes running Linux as the operating

system and free software to implement theparallelism.

This example is often referred to as a Beowulfcluster.

Beowulf clusters are usually used forperformance reasons.

Two-node clusters are usually used for fault-tolerance.

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Commodity computers

A large number of commodity PCsinterconnected by high-bandwidth low-latencylocal area networks

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Pros And Cons Of Supercomputers

There are many advantages of super computerswhich are really important for our daily life but atthe same time where these computers have greatadvantages some disadvantages are also present.

Speed, Performance.

Cost, space, heat generation

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ADVANTAGES OF SUPERCOMPUTER

They can replace experimentation in thecases where experiments are hazardous,expensive or even impossible to perform orwith the help of instruments.

Help to design engineered products such asautomotive, aerospace, Nano-technology, andalso new material designs by using up to10,000 atoms.

They are used to calculate and show theconditions, temperature, speed, voltages etc.like we might be see in a power plant, trafficcontrol office etc.

Their use is of strategic importance to

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DISADVANTAGES OF SUPERCOMPUTER

The construction of Supercomputers is anincredibly expensive task because user is chargedaccording to no. of processors.

They are not portable and are very specialized.

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COMMON APPLICATIONS OFSUPERCOMPUTERS

Due to their high speed processing ability of Supercomputers there are several applications of suchcomputers:

o Scientific and research works, Graphics animation, Weatherforecasting, Work of nuclear research, Petroleum research

works, Molecular modeling, Crypt analysis.

The IBM Blue Gene/P computer has been used to simulatea number of artificial neurons equivalent to approximatelyone percent of a human cerebral cortex, containing 1.6 billionneurons with approximately 9 trillion connections. The same

research group also succeeded in using a supercomputer tosimulate a number of artificial neurons equivalent to theentirety of a rat's brain.

Modern-day weather forecasting also relies onsupercomputers. The National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration uses supercomputers to crunch hundreds ofmillions of observations to help make weather forecasts more

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Stages of super computerapplications

Decade Uses and computer involved

1970sWeather forecasting, aerodynamicresearch (Cray-1).

1980sProbabilistic analysis, radiationshielding modeling(CDC Cyber).

1990s

Brute force code breaking (EFF DES

cracker),3D nuclear test simulations asa substitute for legal conduct NuclearProliferation Treaty(ASCI Q).

2010sMolecular Dynamics Simulation

(Tianhe-1A)

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CRAY XE6The Cray XE6 , codenamed Baker during

development An enhanced version of the Cray

XT6 supercomputer, officially announced on 25May 2010.

The XE6 uses the same compute blade found inthe XT6, with eight- or 12-coreOpteron 6100processors giving up to 2,304 cores per cabinet.

Replaces the SeaStar2+ interconnect router

used in the Cray XT5 and XT6 with the faster andmore scalable Gemini router ASIC.

Each XE6 node has two processor sockets andeither 32 or 64 GB of DDR3 SDRAM memory.

The XE6 runs the Cray Linux Environment version3.

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PLACE OF INSTALLATION

The Centro Svizzero di Calcolo Scientifico(CSCS)

Located in Manno, near Lugano, and is theSwiss National supercomputing Centre.

INSTALLED MACHINE

The single cabinet, 20 blade system,contains 160 compute sockets and uses thenew 2.1GHz, 12-core AMD Opteron (akaMagny-Cours) CPUs for a total of1920compute cores.

The machine, which has been named Piz Palu,has a theoretical peak performance of16TFlop/s and 2.5 Terabytes of memory.

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REPRESENTATIVE FLYNN'S CLASS

MIMD-Multiple Instructions Multiple DataStream Multiple autonomous processors simultaneously

executing different instructions on different data.

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MANUFACTURER

Cray - The Supercomputer Company

Cray supercomputers provide superiorsustained performance on critical applications,scalability to handle larger problems and thereliability to run jobs to completion.

Headquartered in Seattle, Washington, Crayemploys approximately 800 people worldwide,with additional research and manufacturingfacilities in Minnesota and Wisconsin, andsales and service locations around the world.

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SPECIFICATION OF PROCESSORS

16-core 64-bit AMD Opteron 6200 Seriesprocessors;

up to 192 per cabinet

64k L1 instruction cache

64k L1 data cache

512 KB L2 cache per processor core

12 MB shared L3 cache

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OPERATING SYSTEM

Cray Linux Environment

Components include SUSE Linux SLES11, HSS andSMW software

Linux-based operating system designed to runlarge complex applications and scale efficiently tomore than 500,000 processor cores.

The Linux environment features a compute kernelwhich can be configured to match differentworkloads.

Extreme Scalability Mode (ESM) and ClusterCompatibility Mode (CCM)

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CRAY LINUXENVIRONMENT


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INTERCONNECT USED 1 Gemini routing and communications ASIC

per two compute nodes 48 switch ports per Gemini chip (160 GB/s

switching capacity per chip)

3-D (XE6) or 2-D (XE6m) torus interconnect

Gemini Scalable Interconnect

The Gemini interconnect is the heart of theCray XE6 system.

Capable of tens of millions of MPI messagesper second, the Gemini ASIC is designed tocomplement current and future massivelymulticore processors.

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POWER SUPPLY + POWERCONSUMPTION

45-54.1 kW (45.9 - 55.2 kVA) per cabinet, dependingon configuration

Circuit requirements: three-phase wye, 100 AMP at480/277 and 125 AMP at 400/230 (three-phase, neutraland ground)

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PEAK AND MAXIMUMPERFORMANCE

Cray XE6 8-core 2.4 GHzCores: 107152

Rmax(GFlops): 816600

Rpeak(GFlops): 1028659.2

Cray XE6 12-core 2.1 GHz

Cores: 153408

Rmax(GFlops): 1054000

Rpeak(GFlops): 1288627.2

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MAJOR PURPOSE OF DESIGN

Brings production petascale to a wider HPCcommunity and fundamentally changes how Craysystems communicate.

Designed to scale to over 1 million processor

cores, every aspect of the Cray XE6supercomputer from its industry-leadingresiliency features to its host of scalabilityboosting technologies.

Has been engineered to meet sciences ever-toughening demands for scalability, reliability andflexibility.

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UNIQUE FEATURES RELATED TODESIGN

SCALABLE PERFORMANCE

Gemini Scalable InterconnectCapable of tens of millions of MPI messages persecond, the Gemini ASIC is designed to complementcurrent and future massively multicore processors.

Scalable SoftwareThe Cray XE6 system ships with Cray LinuxEnvironment (CLE), a suite of high performancesoftware including a SUSE Linux-based operatingsystem designed to run large, complex applicationsand scale to more than 1 million processor cores.

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PRODUCTION RELIABILITY

Integrated Hardware Supervisory SystemAn independent system with its own control

processors and supervisory network, the HSS monitorsand manages all major hardware and softwarecomponents in the Cray XE6 supercomputer.

Cray XE6 System Resiliency FeaturesThe Gemini interconnect is designed for large systems

in which failures are to be expected and applicationsmust run to successful completion in the presence oferrors. Gemini uses error correcting code (ECC) toprotect major memories and data paths within thedevice.

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ADAPTIVE SUPERCOMPUTING

Extreme Scale and Cluster Compatibilityin One SystemFor the first time, users can buy a singlemachine to run both a highly scalable customworkload and industry-standard ISV workload.

Support for Other File System and DataManagement ServicesCustomers can select the Lustre parallel filesystem or another option, includingconnecting to an existing parallel file system.

Cray Efficiency with ECOphlex CoolingWith a standard air- or liquid-cooled HighEfficiency cabinet and optional ECOphlextechnology, the Cray XE6 system can reduce

cooling costs and increase flexibility in

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First Cray XE6 Supercomputerinstalled at CSCS


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Workers begin the assembly of Cray Xsystem

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Wiring up aCray XE6


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View of the interconnect beingdisassembled

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