Para Wirra News

From the Friends of Para Wirra (Patrons: Joan Woolford and Mike Johnson) and the Barossa Goldfields Historical Society - Proudly members of Friends of Parks Inc.

December 2015 Vol 22, No 4

‘Parra Wirra’s Remarkable Rocks’ Devils Nose Walk’ Photo: Darren Williams

The Editor ’s Desk

Inside this Issue

Darren Williams

Editorial ……………………………………………………………………………. 2President’s Report …………………………………………………………. 3,4Barossa Goldfields Historical Society Secretary’s Report………….………… 5Gawler Village Fair…………………………………………………………..……. 6Cape Tulip in Para Wirra-Kym Smith…………………………………….……….. 7,8Barossa Goldfields Top-enders Party-Darren Williams…………………………..8Pruning for Habitat Workshop-Leonie Hobbs…………… …………..…….. 9 ,10,11Congratulation Meryl Jenkins.…………………………………………………… 11 Kites Over Para Wirra-Danny McCreadie……………………………………… 12Walks in Para Wirra- Alternate Devils Nose Loop -Darren Williams……13,14,15,16Gallery-Darren Williams…………………………………………………………….17Kids Page ‘Para Wirra Bird Find’………………………………………………..…18Dates, Events and Information…………………………………………………… 19,20

Para Wirra Recreation Park is to be re-designated as a conservation park. Exactly what this means for Para Wirra is yet to be known. The definitions of Conservation Park and Recreation Park both contain areas of grey. The status of Conservation Park still does not guarantee that Para Wirra will be safe from development and activities (such as mountain bike riding). Indeed, there is 2.7 million dollars on the way to help upgrade facilities and camping grounds have been mentioned.

Nevertheless, the very word ‘conservation’ implies protection from an environmental perspective, whist ‘recreation’ denotes a more human focus. Maybe just the name change itself will help protect our lovely park.

Thanks to those who were able to come to the Friends Christmas Dinner (fully understand those who could not make it as fire weather was extreme). It was a relaxing time of sharing our thoughts and memories from 2015. Special thanks to John Dawkins for his attendance and thoughful insights he provided during the evening. Further, thank you again John for all the hard work and effort you put into protecting our park in the political realm, and indeed for fighting for our conservation status.

Please enjoy this latest issue of Para Wirra News.

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President’s ReportGree$ngsFriends

Thelastquarterof2015sawsomeinteres$nghappenings.AlsosomeworryingmomentssuchasthePineryfires,eventhoughtheydidnotreachParaWirra.Thewindseemstobethedecidingfactorwiththeseterribleevents.ThoseofyoulivingclosetoTheParkwouldhavebeenconsideringevacua$on,asMikeandIdecidedtodoonthedayofourChristmasParty,withover43degreesofheatandan“extreme”firedangerclassifica$on.WehadalsoevacuatedearlierinDecember,withafireafewvalleysawaynearSteveTaylor’shome.

Onalighternote,ourgroupweresuccessfulingaininga$5000CommunityNRMGrantforWatsoniacontrol,andcontractswillbegoingoutsoon.Our$20,000LandcareGrantworkistwo-thirdscompleted,andthethirdcontractorshouldbestar$ngwhentheweatherissuitable.

Wepar$cipatedintheGawlerShowattheendofAugust,hostedtheOneTreeHillSchoolon1stSeptember,andofcoursetheOpenDayon20thSeptemberwasthebigeventfortheyear,withPatandMollyatLadyAliceMine,WildflowerWalks,plantsalesandaninforma$onstall.WeheldastallattheVillageFairinGawleron7thNovemberwith$256insales–includingaraffle,thankstodona$onsofitemsfrommembersRuth,Darren,Pat,JulieE.andRupert&Helen,andwereceivedacashdona$onandsoldbiscuits,jam,booksandcards.Notafortune,butgoodtoremindlocalsaboutParaWirraandourgroup.

WeputupadisplayattheSustainableLivingFes$valonthe8thNovember,andastallattheOneTreeHillMarketon5thDecemberwhichtookabout$180,includinganotherrafflewithdonatedprizes.

Thisyearthefiredangersitua$onsawourChristmasPartyatDarren&Jasmine’shome,andourgroupisluckytohavegenerouspeoplelikethatontheteam.MikeandIwerenotabletocomeasmen$onedabove,buthavehearditwasgoodfunforthosewhocould.JohnDawkinstellsmeheenjoyeditthoroughly.

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OnMondayJuly6th,theJaensch’s,(Kaylene,

IhadpreparedCer$ficatesofApprecia$onforvariouspeople,andwashopingtopresentthese,alongwiththe10-yearbadgesandleeerstoVal,KymandLeonie,andanHonoraryMembershipCer$ficatetoJohnDawkinsforhisyearsofsupport.ThesewillbenowpresentedatourJanuary16thmee$ng,whereverthatmaybe–wearereallygegngtheextremeweatherin2015/16.

Suchabusy$me,nodoubtIhaveforgoeensomethingswedid…Ohyes,weedcontrol!

Mygratefulthanksforthehardworkandsupportofallofyou,andmybestwishesfor2016.

Patsyjohnson

cont...

Mike and Patsy celebrating their anniversary at the Gawler Village Fair

(And thanks for all your hard work too, Patsy and Mike!) Ed.

Photo: Darren Williams

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Barossa Goldfields Historical Society

BGHS Secretary’s ReportThemajoreventforthisperiodwasourannualOpenDay,onSunday27thSeptember.Itwasverysatisfyingtoseeagoodnumberofmembersthedaybeforetoseteverythingup,sothankstoallthathelpedthenandontheactualday.

ThedayitselfturnedoutmagniHicently.Beautifulweather,greatentertainmentfromtheSingAustralia,theGawlerUkulelesAreUs(whoaddedanewsegmentthisyearfromtheir‘FocusonFolk’section),andofcoursetheAdelaideRegiment1862RiHles(whokeptthecrowdfascinatedwiththeirperioddressandprecisiondisplays,especiallytheBlackPowderRiHleHiringdemonstrations).Addtoallthis,theDampertasting,theGoldPanning,theRafHle,theMachinerydisplaysandtheGuidedTours,allofwhichaddedtotheeventbeingsuchawonderfulsuccess.

ToquoteKaylene,“Insummarywehadover200visitorswhichincludedaround60children.Wecooked20dampers.Wesold198rafHletickets,whichIbelieveisanewrecordandallrafHleprizeshavenowbeendistributed.Iheardlotsofpositivecommentsaboutthedayincludinggreatatmosphere,setting,lovedthedampersandsopleasedtogetthechildrenplayingoutside-greatactivitiestogettheminvolved.”

Apartfromallthat,wehadvisitsonTuesday,20thOctober,fromtheGawlerEastPrimarySchool,whohadagreattime,andGawlerPrimarySchoolonTuesday24th

November,withalmost60childrenattending.IhavebeenkeptverybusyorganisingotherSchoolvisits,jugglingdates,andVolunteeravailabilitytohostthesevisits,whicharebecomingmoreandmorepopular.Allhelponthedayisappreciated.Wehavetriedtokeepthesevisitstoonepermonth,sothatwealldon’tburnout,buttheyaregoodfundraisersforourSociety,anditisgoodforthechildrentolearnalittleaboutourlocalhistory.

Tuesdaymorningmembershavebeenworkingonsmallmaintenancetasksasusual,oneofwhichwastoHitperiodstylelatchestothemainroomdoorsintheCottage.Thanksguys,thisadditionisreallygreat.

WehavereceivedahistoryofJobHarrisfromhisGranddaughter,andthisisondisplayinourMuseumroom.[ReproducedinParaWirraNewsIssue21.Ed.]

Lastly,IwasabletogiveaslideshowpresentationabouttheGoldHieldstotheGawlerUnitingChurchMens’FellowshipGrouponeevening,andthiswaswellreceived.

Lynton

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Gawler Village Fair 7/11/15

Lovely spring day for a Friends of Para Wirra stall at the Gawler Village Fair with: Trudi Gayler, Val Lacy, Rupert Thorne, Julie Eldridge, Leonie Hobbs, Patsy Johnson, Jasmine Williams and Lynton Carle

Photos: D Williams

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Cape Tulip in Para Wirra-Kym SmithControlofCapeTulipinParaWirraisa topicwhichwas recently raisedbysome members of the Friends. Thiscould be a welcome relief fromBoneseed, or a nightmare, butdeHinitely an issue which should belookedat.There are two species of Cape Tulipin this area, One-leaf and Two-leaf.Para Wirra has several areas whereOne-leaf Cape Tulip is known tooccur. It is a very invasive weed in

woodlandsandpasturesaswellasbeingadeclaredweed.CapeTulipreproducesabovegroundbyproducinglargenumbersofseedsorcormsandbelowgroundbylargenumbersofbulbs(cormils).

Cape Tulip is toxic to all grazinganimals so is able to outcompeteother plants due to preferentialgrazing.

Control can be done by wiping theleaves with glyphosate using the“tongs of death” which producesminimal disturbance and off-targetdamage to surrounding vegetation.Larger infestations canbe controlledby careful spraying with a selectiveherbicide. There are certainly some

infestations in Para Wirra which are too large or dense to be controlledusingthetongs.

Outlying populations and largerinfestations should be identiHied andmapped.YoungCapeTulipplantscanbe difHicult to distinguish fromotherplants including the native OnionOrchid. Small outlying populationsshould be controlled, especially inareas of good native vegetation,ensuring that all Hlower and seedheads are removed and destroyed.Carefully assess the surroundingvegetation to minimise damage to

Cape Tulip Seed Heads

Cape Tulip Mass

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nativevegetationControlcanonlybedonefromJulytoOctober.Annualfollowupcontroloverseveral yearswill be necessary for good control as the corms can remaindormantinthesoilforseveralyears.

While this is a difHicult weed to control, I believe it is worthwhileconsidering eradicating small outlying populations, and containing largerinfestations in order to protect native vegetation. I have been helping tocontrolCapeTulipinKaiserstuhlConservationParksince2008.Theresultshavebeenslowbutencouraging.

AMLRNRMhaveproducedausefulshortvideoaboutCapeTulip:http://www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/adelaidemtloftyranges/plants-and-animals/pest-plants-and-animals/pest-plants

cont...

Photos: Kym Smith

Barossa Goldfields ‘Top Enders Party’ 17/12/15

On Thursday December 17 2015, members of the Barossa Goldfields Historic Society hosted the annual ‘Top Enders’ party. Around 30 residents from the area attended and enjoyed a pleasant evening including a Laser Light Show and shared dinner.

With: Anthony and Kaylene Jaensch, Leonie Hobbs, Barry Taverner Photos: D Williams

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• Entrancesize• Aspect (openings faced away

fromtheworstweather)• Drainage–wastedrainsoutof

thenest• Landingplatforms• Escapeladderforyoung

• Discouraging feral and predatoranimals

• Lightexclusionforowlsandbats• Height of the lip in the hollow

(kookaburrachickenspointtheirrearovertheedgeduringtoilettraining)

• Retainanynaturalhabitatifpossible

Pruning for Habitat Workshop – Habitat Creation.

Leonie Hobbs

RecentlyIattendedthe“Pruningforhabitat”workshopheldatParaWirra.TheinformationprovidedhascomefromPhilipandPatrickKenyonfromtheVictorianTreeIndustry.

InAustralia,thereareapproximately300+speciesofwildlifethatusetreehollowsthroughoutAustralia.Hollowsareusedfornestingsites,sheltersandsaferefugesandcanrangefromasmallcracktoaverylargecavityinatree.

The Arboriculture Industry has gradually become aware of the importance ofhabitat treesaspartofanactiveecosystem.Whenmanaging largedeadtrees inthelandscape,thepracticeistoreducethetreetoapointwhereit isunlikelytopresenta risk topeopleand infrastructure.The treesareusuallydead,dyingordecliningandareleftashabitatstumps.Thehabitatstumphasahighproportionof sound wood which has little value to wildlife as there are very few naturalusablehollows.

Natural hollows take a very long time to develop through a natural process offailure and decaywithin a tree. By using a range of strategies, it is possible toshorten this long termdecayingprocess andprovidenatural lookinghabitat bycreatingartiHicialhollows.

Whencreatinghabitattrees,therearemanypointstoconsider,someofwhicharestillbeingresearched,suchas:

Andmuchmore.

Thegroupheadedouttoalocationwhereworkhadbegunonahabitattree,justinsidetheentranceofParaWirra,toseehowahollowcouldbemadeintoatree.

To start, the tree was identiHied as a habitat stump rather than completelyremovingit.Thecanopywastakenbacktoalevelthatisacceptabletoreducethe

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targetareaortheriskof limbfailure,retaininganyexistinghollowsifpossible.Thisparticulartreewasdead,butneededsometrimmingtomakeitsafe.

Next,suitablelocationsforhollowsinthistreewereidentiHied.Twohollowshavebeenmade.Next timeyou come through thePark entrance, have a lookat thedeadtreebehindthepaystationandsee ifyoucanlocatewherethesehollowshave been created. Hopefully, one day you might see evidence of them beingused!

The process requires skilled use of a chainsaw! The operator also had to haveclimbinggearandlotsofothersafetygear!

• Removeafaceplateapproximately30mmto50mmthickandlowerittothe ground. The size of the face plate will determine the size of theartiHicialhollow.

• Choosethedesiredentryholeandcarefullydrillthroughthefaceplate.• Pre-drilltwoholestoattachthefaceplatebackontothetreewithscrews.• Thenextstepistocutacavityholeinthebranch.Theoperatormarksthe

sizeof thecavityhole, then,usingasmall chainsaw,cutsasquare, thencutsoutaseriesofhorizontalboringcuts.

• Usingasmallcrowbarandhammer,knockoutsectionstoformacavity.• Thefaceplateisthenscrewedintoposition.

cont...

Photos: Leonie Hobbs

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cont...

Makingbranchhollowsisasimilarprocess,exceptthattheexcessendofthebranchisremoved.Thebranchneedstobeatleast150mmthickand300mmin length. The cut has to be sloping at least 30 degrees. Use a chainsaw tocarefullyboreintotheslopingcutattheendofthestubtocreatethehollow.The hollow can be left open or a faceplate attached. Drainagemay also berequired.

Tree habitat sizes vary considerably. For instance, for Cockatoos andKookaburras,requireaholesizeof18cm,and5mofftheground,BarnOwlslikeahole10x30cmrectangularinshapeand5mofftheground.PardalotesandSugarGliderslikeholes3cminsizeand5mofftheground.

Moreinformationaboutcreatinghabitatcanbefoundat:• Gibbons, P & Boak, M., 2000 The Importance of Paddock Trees for

Regional Conservation in Agricultural Landscapes, New SouthWalesNationalParksandWildlifeService.

• Gibbons, P & Lindemayer, D., 2002 Tree Hollows and WildlifeConservationinAustralia,CSIROPublishing,Collingwood.

• VictorianTreeIndustryOrganisation(VTIO),2010,Treehabitatsizes.www.vtio.org.au/?s=habitat

• Grant,J.1997.TheNestboxBook,GouldLeagueofVictoria

Congratulations to Para Wirra Ranger Meryl Jenkins, who will be married on February 26th to Joshua Schiller.

Photo: D Williams

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Kites Over Para Wirra-Danny McCreadie

ParaWirraConservationPark isfortunate in that a wide varietyof raptors visit or nest in thepark. Goshawks, Wedge TailedEagles,KestrelsandSouthern Boobook Owls can allbeseen in theparkby the luckyobserver.This article looks at two of thevisitorsfromtheKitefamily,theWhistlingKiteandSquareTailedKite.TheWhistling Kite feedsmainlyon carrion and travels in pairsandgroups.They are numerous aroundBuckland Parkwhere they formHlocks of 10 or so birds soaringtogetheroverbushland,howeverthey are usually seen aroundParaWirrainpairs.TheyareattractedtoHireswheretheycatchHleeinganimalsandinsects.Theirnamecomesfromaclearwhistlewhichendsinachatteringnoise.TheSquareTailedKiteisexpertattakingyoungbirdsfromnestsoradultbirdsfromthecanopyoftrees,howevertheywilltakeroadkillwhenavailable.SquareTailedKitestendtoHlyassinglebirdsexceptinmatingseason.TheyarealsorelativelyquietcomparedtothewhistlingKite,onlymakingaseriesofhighpitchedchirpingnoiseswhencallingeachother.TheSquareTailedKiteisendangeredinSouthAustralia.

ParaWirraisanimportantexpanseofbushlandwhichprovides for theneeds of Kites, whether they nestthereorsimplyhuntforfood.

Top: Young Square Tailed KiteCenter: Whistling Kite over Para WirraLeft: Pair of Square Tailed Kites

All Photos: Danny McCreadie

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Hissey Trail Section -Trudi Gayler

Walks In Para Wirra-Alternate Devils Nose LoopDarren Williams (With Trudi Gayler and Obelia Williams)

ItcouldbearguedthattheDevilsNoseisthesinglemostoutstandingnaturalfeatureinParaWirraRecreationPark.ThespectacularrockyoutcropisfoundontheWesternboundaryofParaWirraabovetheSouthParaRiver.Thereareseveralwaystohiketo“TheNose’,themostcommonbeingthe4.4kmreturnwalk from the Devils Nose carpark. However, this 9.7km loop hike isrewarding, exploring much of Parra Wirra’s diverse terrain, ecology andhistory.ThishikehasbeenmodiHiedtotakeintoaccountrecentlyaddedtrailsandminimiseonroadwalking.

Note: Please obtain the latest ParaWirra Map before attempting this hike.Further, this hike is recomended for experienced walkers only and can bequitesteepandrockyat times.Pleaseensurethatyoucarryadequatewater

and snacks. A Hirst aid kit and mobilephonearealsorecomended…

The RangersOfHicewaschosenforthestartingpointofthewalk.

From theofHice it’s a shortwalk to theHissey Loop Trail, just near the toiletblockacrosstheroad.FollowtheHisseytrail North 200m until you reach theLink Trail which runs between HisseyLoop and Lizard Rock Loop. The

junction is not well sign posted but there is an obvious trail to the right.Follow the Link Trail for 1km, through two stands Sheoaks until the nextjunction,whichistheLizardRockLoopWalk.VeerleftandfollowtheLizardRockTrailNorth and soonyouwill discover some rockyoutcrops. Justpast

the giant ‘Obelisk’ you will Hind avantagepointtoviewLizardRockitself.Continuealongforanother100morsountilyoucomeacrossaMemorialSeat.This is where it gets a little tricky. In2014, a new link trail between theLizard Rock LoopWalk and The Knobwas constructed and, whilst appearingonthelatestmap, isnotsignpostedasyet. However, this new Lizard Rock-KnobLinkTrailcanbefoundbyturningleft at the Memorial Seat and a quickLizard Rock

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look you will see the trail meanderingthrough the rocks to theNorth.This is abeautifulsectionoftrail,passingthroughmore stands Sheoks and there is also aviewoftheDevilsNosetowardstheWest.Continuefor800mandyouwillreachtheScenic Route, a major road through thepark.ThereisalsoasignpointingtoTheKnob Lookout and Bowdens Cottage.FollowtheScenicDriveas if you were heading to Bowden’sCottage. Youwill soon see a park gate onthe right. This 4WD track leads down tothe South Para River and eventually tothe Barossa GoldHields. Follow the trackfor 1.5 km, switch-backing down thesteep incline, and eventually you willcometoalevelareaabovetheriver.ThisisamagniHicentspotforabreak.Thereisalargebenchseatsittingamongstastando f Nat ive Apr icots (Pi t tosporumangustifolium)andancientRedGums.

You alsomay notice a fenced offminingshaftacrossthetrack.Thisisevidenceofthe rich mining history in Para Wirra

(BarossaGoldHields).It’snowtimetostarttheclimbtotheDevilsNose.Followthemarkedtrailuptheshortinclineandfollowtheestablishedtrail.Thereisno‘directroute’and

Start (above) and finish (below) of the new Lizard Rock-Knob Link Trail

you must stick to theestablished trail. Thetrail heads South,gently climbing for a1km until eventuallyswitching backtotheNorth. Around 800ml a t e r , y o u h a v ereached the DevilsNose! Walk throughthe gap between thelarge rocks to TheNose itself. Take time

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torestandenjoytheviews. Keeptothelevelareasandwellawayfromtheedgesofthedrops.

Theviews to theWestareofpastoral landswhicharehighlycontrasted totheEasternviewsof thegreaterParaWirraRecreationPark; including theBarossaGoldHieldssectiontotheNorthEastandtheMtCrawfordRangestothefarEast.TherockformationsareAlgateSandstonewhichis800millionyearsold(butlessthanhalftheagetheBarossaComplexGneissbackdownbelowintheSouthPara!)

Panorama: From Devils Nose Looking East

Obelia Exploring around The Devils Nose Below The Devils Nose

TheWalkBack.

There are still many beautiful views and things to see on the way back.Return through the gap and follow the trail leading South along the ridge.thistrailrunsfor2.2kmbacktoTheDevilsNoseTrailheadCarpark.thewalkissignpostedandacopyoftheDevilsNoseHikebrochurewillhelpinterpretthesignpostedspotsalongtheway.

As you walk along, take time to admire the views all around you. A littledownthe trail, theviewtowardsGawler isspectacular.Eventually the trail

cont... 15

The Lake

All Photos: D Williams

will climb a rock hill and then,after a short Hlat walk throughSticky Hop Bush (Dodonaeaviscosa)andDownyMintBush(Prostanthera behriana), youwill reach theDevilsNoseTurnAroundwhere the trailmeets avehiculartrack.Continuealonganother1kmuntilyoureachtheDevilsNoseTrailheadcarpark.

From the carpark, follow the Looking towards Gawler

roada shortdistanceand turn leftdown toTheLake.There isaboundarytrailaroundthe lake, followthisanti-clockwiseuntilyoureachthecarparkontheoppositeside.There isasetofsteps leadingup fromthecarparkat

this SouthernEnd. These stepslead you back onto the HisseyLoopWalk.Follow this trailupt h e h i l l , t h r o u g h t h eXanthorhoeas and continue foranother400morso.Eventuallythe Trail meets the bitumenroad.Turnrightandfollowthebitumen until you can see thetheRangerStationon the roadleft. Voila! The Devils Nose

Loop Hike (alternate route) is nowcompleted.

The distance travelled is aproximately9.7km. There is 233m of ascent during theHike. Trudi, Obelia and myself took 3.5hours to do the walk including an hourresting and enjoying the views. There aremany route variations that could be taken.The route described in this article waschosen tomaximise the timespentwalkingamongst the sights, Hlora and fauna of ParaWirra.

DarrenWilliams Along Hissey Walk back to start

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Gallery

Misery Farm Moonrise

Yattalunga Dawn (Devils Nose)

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Kids’ Page

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BABBLERBLUE WRENBRONZEWINGCURRAWONGCHOUGHCORMORANTCUCKOO SHRIKE

EMUFLYCATCHERGOLDEN WHISTLERGREBEHONEYEATERJACKY WINTERKESTRAL

KITEKOOKABURRALITTLE RAVENPEACEFUL DOVEPEREGRINE FALCONRUFOUS WHISTLERTREE CREEPER

Para Wirra ‘Bird Find’

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BAROSSAGOLDFIELDSHISTORICALSOCIETYPROGRAMME2016Meetingdates

AustraliaDayBreakfastTuesdayJanuary26th2016

Memberssett-up7am,PublicBreakfastfrom8am(smalldonation)

CottageopeneveryTuesday10:00am-1:00pmMeetingsareheldon3rdSundayofeveryoddmonth

1:00pm-3:00pm

Contact:SecretaryLyntonCarle0421421793

ChairpersonAnthonyJaenschbgoldhs@gmail.com

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THE FRIENDS OF PARA WIRRA Meet on the first Wednesday and third Saturday of every month

starting at 9.00 am. For more information please contact

Patsy Johnson 08 8280 7279 Or see our web page:

www.communitywebs.org/parawirrafriends

THE BAROSSA GOLDFIELDS HISTORICAL SOCIETY Tuesday morning 10.00 am to 1.00 pm

and Every third Sunday of the month 1.00 pm to 4.00 pm

(Cottage open for visitors at these times) For more information contact:

Anthony Jaensch bgoldhs@gmail.com Website: www.communitywebs.org/BarossaGoldfiendsHistoric

See overleaf for program

FRIENDS OF PARA WIRRA

PROPOSED WORK PROGRAMME 2016

Saturday January 16th Evening meeting 5:30pm, bring a plate. Hughes Resource

Centre.

Wednesday February 3rd Weed control as required (Boneseed).

Saturday February 2oth Weed control as required. Shared lunch, Friends and Family

AGM Afterwards.

Wednesday March 2nd South Para Nursery.

Saturday March 19th Photopoints and weed control as required.

Wednesday April 6th Weed control as required.

Saturday April 16th Weed control as required.

Wednesday May 4th Trail Maintenance as required.

Articles and Correspondence WelcomedEmail: Darren Williams, dgwillsguitar@hotmail.com