parasitic protozoa
TRANSCRIPT
Parasitic ProtozoaParasitic Protozoa
parasiteparasite
- an organism that obtains food and shelter from another organism and derives all benefits from this association.
obligate facultative
ecto-parasiteendoparasite
pathogenic commensal
hosthost
- the organism that harbors the parasite and suffers a loss caused by the parasite
definitive
reservoir
intermediate
- an organism (usually an insect) that is responsible for transmitting the parasitic infection
vectorvector
Summary
OrganismTransmission
Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Entameba histolytica
Oro-fecalDysentery with blood and necrotic tissue. Chronic: abscesses
Stool: cysts with 1-4 nuclei and/or trophs.
Trophs in aspirate.
GI: Iodoquinol orMetronidazoleAbscess: Metronidazole
Giardia lamblia Oro-fecalFowl-smelling, bulky diarrhea; blood or
necrotic tissue rare.
Stool: typical old man giardia troph and/or
cyst.
Iodoquinol or Metronidazole.
Balantidium coli Oro-fecal; zoonotic
Dysentery with blood and necrotic tissue but
no abscesses.
Stool: ciliated trophs and/or cysts.
Iodoquinol or Metronidazole.
Cryptosporidium parvum
Oro-fecal Diarrhea Ooocysts in stoolParomycin
(investigational)
Isospora belli Oro-fecal Giardiasis-like Ooocysts in stool Sulpha drugs
Trichomonasvaginalis
SexualVaginitis; occasional urethritis/prostatitis.
Flagellate in vaginal (or urethral) smear.
Mebendazole; vingar douche; steroids
Giardia lamblia - a human parasite of the gastrointestinal tract.
Balantidium coli trophozoites. These are characterized by: their large size (40 µm to more than 70 µm) the presence of cilia on the cell surface
Summary
Organism Transmission Disease/symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Trypanosoma brucei
Tsetse fly. Sleeping sickness; cardiac failure.
Hemoflagellate in blood or lymph node.
Blood stage: Suramin or petamidine isethionate;
T. cruzi Reduvid (kissing) bug.
Chagas disease: megacolon, cardiac failure.
Hemoflagellate in blood or tissue.
CNS: melarsoperolNifurtimox and Benzonidazole.
Leishmania donovani
Sand fly Visceral leish-maniasis, granulo-matous skin lesions.
Intracellular (macrophages) leishmanial bodies.
Pentosam; Pentamidine isethionate.
L. tropica Sand fly. Cutaneous lesions. As for L. donovani. As for L. donovani.
L. braziliensis Sand fly Mucocutaneous lesions. As for L. donovani. As for L. donovani.
Plasmodium falciparum P. ovale, P. malariae and P. vivax
Female anopheline mosquito.
Malarial paroxysm: chills, fever, headache, nausea cycles.
Plasmodia in rbc, typical of the species involved.
Quinine derivatives ProguanilLariam
Babesia microti Tick Hemolytic anemia, Jaundice and fever
Typical organism (Maltese cross) in rbc.
None; self resolving.
Toxoplasma gondii
Oral from cat fecal material;or meat
Adult: flu like;congenital: abortion, neonatal blindness and neuropathies.
Intracellular (in macrophages) tachyzoites.
Sulphonamides, pyemethamine, possibly spiramycin (non-FDA).
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Cough droplets PneumoniaPneumocystis in sputum.
Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole.
Structure of Trypanosome brucei
Young boy with advanced African trypanosomiasis (or sleeping sickness) exhibiting marked wasting and skin damage caused as a result of the intense itching which can accompany late-stage disease
Tsetse fly. The vector of African trypanosomiasis
Trypanosoma cruzi, crithidia
Riduvid bug, the vector of American trypanosomiasis
Ramana's sign: unilateral conjunctivitis and orbital edema
Skin ulcer due to leishmaniasis, hand of Central American adult
Profile view of a teenage boy suffering from visceral leishmaniasis. The boy exhibits splenomegaly, distended abdomen and severe muscle wasting.
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