parasitology lec - flukes
TRANSCRIPT
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General Characteristics
Flat, unsegmented worms Leaf-like organisms Incomplete digestive tract Oral sucker (nourishment) Ventral sucker or acetabulum
(for attachment)
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General Rules
All are hermaphroditic All require two intermediate
hosts Eggs of all trematodes are
operculated The infective stage is
metacercariae
Schistosomes
EXCEPT
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Classification of Medically Important Trematodes
Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Trematoda Subclass Digenea
(All trematode parasites of man belong to this subclass, endoparasites with one or more suckers, no chitinous anchors or hooks, complex life cycles with alternating hosts, sexual and asexual reproduction)
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Classification
Order: Protostomata Suborder: Strigeata Family: Schistosomatidae Genus: Schistosoma Species: (S. haematobium , S. mansoni, S.
japonicum)S. mekongi, S. intercalatum, S. bovis, S.
matthei
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Classification
Order: Protostomata Suborder: Amphistomata Family: Paramphistomatidae Genus: Gastrodiscoides /
Watsonius Species: G. hominis W. watsoni
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Classification
Order: Protostomata Suborder: Distomata Family: Fasciolidae Genus: Fasciola Species: F. hepatica F. gigantica Fasciolopsis buski
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Classification
Order: Protostomata Suborder: Distomata Family: Opisthorchidae Genus: Clonorchis /
Opisthorchis Species: C. sinensis O. felineus O. viverrini
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Classification
Order: Protostomata Suborder: Distomata Family: Heteropyidae Genus: Heterophyes/ Metagonimus/ Haplorchis Species: H. heterophyes M. yokogawai H. taichui H. yokogawai
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Classification
Order: Protostomata Suborder: Distomata Family: Troglotremetidae Genus: Paragonimus Species: P. westermani
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Classification
Order: Protostomata Suborder: Distomata Family: Echinostomatidae Genus: Echinostoma Species: E. ilocanum
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Classification
Order: Protostomata Suborder: Distomata Family: Echinostomatidae Genus: Echinostoma Species: E. ilocanum
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Classification of Ova
Mature Schistosoma
OpithorchisClonorchisHeterophyids
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Classification of Ova
ImmatureParagonimusFasciolaFasciolopsisEchinostoma
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General Life Cycle of Trematodes
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Classification Based on Location in Man
A. Species which inhabit the portal bloodstream of vertebrates (Blood Flukes)
1. Schistosoma japonicum - skin penetration of cercaria
- Schistosomiasis japonicum or
Oriental schistosomiasis 2. Schistosoma mansoni3. Schistosoma haematobium
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Classification Based on Location in Man
A. Species which inhabit the liver of the vertebrates (Liver Flukes)
1. Fasciola hepatica (Sheep-Liver Fluke)- ingestion of metacercaria on waterplants (Fascioliasis)
2. Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese-Liver Fluke)- ingestion of metacercaria in fish (Clonorchiasis)
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Classification Based on Location in Man
A. Species which inhabit the liver of the vertebrates (Liver Flukes)
3. Opisthorchis felineus (Cat liver Fluke)
- ingestion of metacercaria in fish (Opisthorchiasis)
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Classification Based on Location in Man
A. Species which inhabit the small intestine of vertebrates (Intestinal Fluke)
Fasciolopsis buski (Giant Intestinal Fluke)
- ingestion of metacercaria on waterplants (Fasciolopsiasis)
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Classification Based on Location in Man
A. Species which inhabit the small intestine of vertebrates (Intestinal Fluke)
2. Echinostoma ilocanum- ingestion of metacercaria from
snails (Echinostomiasis)
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Classification Based on Location in Man
A. Species which inhabit the small intestine of vertebrates (Intestinal Fluke)
3. Heterophyid Group- ingestion of metacercaria from
fishes (Heterophyidiasis)• H. heterophyes• M. yokogawai• H. taichui• H. yokogawai
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Classification Based on Location in Man
A. Species which inhabit Lungs of vertebrates (Lung Flukes)
Paragonimus westermani (Oriental Lung Fluke)
- ingestion of metacercaria from crabs (Paragonimiasis)
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Schistosoma japonicum ADULT EGG
M= 12-20 by .5 -.55 mm6-8 ovoid, slighty lobate testis
F= 26 by .3 mm ovary: behind middle of the body in front of intestinal ceca uterus : opens to thhe genital pore just behind the ventral sucker50-100 egg at a time
Ovoidal, 70-100 x 50-65 micraThin and with lateral knob or lateral tubercleMiracidium is present when laid
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Schistosoma mansoni ADULT EGG
M= 6-14 x 1.1 mm testis , zigzag row
F = 14 x .25 mm ovary , anterior half of the body uterus : short with 1-3 eggs
155 x 60 micra, S-like curveYellowish with laeteral spineWith miracidium when laid
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Schistosoma haematobium ADULT EGG
M = 19-25 x .8-1 mm covered with minute Integumentary tuberculations or fine tubercle long intestinal ceca reunite mid of bodyTestis are in groups : 4-5 , behind the ventral sucker F = 20 x .25 mm suckers:= small, subequal ovary : posteriod half of the body uterus : 20-30 eggs at a time
112 – 170 x 50 micraLight yellowish brown with terminal spineWith miracidum when laid
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Comparison of the Schistosome Eggs
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Infective Cercariae
Pear-shaped body with rounded end and a long tail and bifid
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Thin walled filled with germ cells
Miracidium surrounded with fine- hairlike projections
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Snail IH
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Fasciola hepatica/Fasciola gigantica ADULT EGG
Large, flat, brwonish3 x 1.5 cmWith OS and VS
Integument covered with scales posterior end surface smooth
Alimentray system inverted Y Branched ceca with lateral branches
Operculated,140-150 x 65-90 micra (hepatica)160-190 x 70-90 micra (gigantica)Light yellow : bile stained
Transparent with thin double wallsContain lecithin granules (immature)
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Clonorchis sinensis
ADULT EGG
10-25 x 2-3 mm
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Opisthorchis felineus/Opisthorchis viverini
ADULT EGG
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Fasciolopsis buski ADULT EGG
Large, broadly ovate and narrow at posterior endDo not have cephalic cone2 -7.5 x .8 – 2 cmAlimentary trat simple and do not branch
Yellowish brown ellipsoidal130-140 x 80-85 micra
With clear thick shell and operculated
Immature when laid
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Heterophyids ADULT EGG
Elongate, pyriform and Grayish1 -1.7 x .3 - .4 mmCuticle covered with scale like spinesOS small, VS thick walled and muscular Genital sucker at left posterior border With 2 ovoid testis post. 5th of bodySubglobose ovary ant. of testis Vitellaria with large polygonal follicles in lateral post. end
Minute, operculate, ovoidal, light brown28 -30 x 15 – 17 micraSlight shoulder at the rim ofoperculum and knob at the posterior end
Mature when laid
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Echinostoma ilocanum
ADULT EGG
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Adult : small, elongate, oval, reddish gray .25 - .65 x .1 - .13 cm ant. Circumoral disc surrounded by crown of 49 -51 spines attenuated posteriorly
Integument : covered with plague-like scalesOS smaller then VS
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Paragonimus westermani
ADULT EGG
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Paragonimus westermani
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