parasitology prepared by : reem aldossari. the protozoa are the simplest and most primitive...
TRANSCRIPT
The Protozoa are the simplest and most primitive animals. They live either singly or in colonies. Some are parasitic. They are usually defined as "unicell ular" animals.
General characteristics
Amoeba
•Habitat: freshwater ponds.
•Means of locomotion: pseudopodia.
•Reproduction mechanism: asexually by binary fission, and under unfavourable conditions it encysts.
• Shape and characteristics: quite irregular in shape; the body changes its shape constantly with the formation and withdrawal of the pseudopodia.
Kingdom :ProtistaPhylum: SarcomastigophoraSubphylum: SarcodinaGenus : AmoebaSpecies :Amoeba
•Entamoeba histolytica: causes amoebic dysentery. Life cycle: •The trophozoite: feeding-dividing form) It has one pseudopodia).•Cyst: have 4 nuclei (infective stages(•Infective stage: Cyst. •Mode of infection: contamination of food and water with cyst.•Characteristic features: Cyst have 4 nuclei. Trophozoite have RBCs in their vacuoles.
Kingdom :Protista Phylum: SarcomastigophoraSubphylum: Sarcodina Genus: Endamoeba Species: Endamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica
•Endamoeba coli: does not cause any known disease•Habitat: large intestine of human .•Characteristics: mature cysts have 8 nuclei
Entamoeba coli Kingdom :Protista Phylum: SarcomastigophoraSubphylum: Sarcodina Genus: Endamoeba Species: Endamoeba coli
Kingdom :Protista Phylum : SarcomastigophoraSubphylum : MastigophoraClass : PhytomastigophoraGenus : Euglena
•Habitat: ponds and stagnant water.
•Characteristics: Green in colour (have chloroplasts)
•Means of locomotion: flagellum
•Repro duction: asexually by long itudinal binary fission and is able to form a cyst.
Euglena
Kingdom : ProtistaPhylum: CiliophoraGenus: Paramecium
Means of locomotion: cilia Habitat: freshwater
ponds where decaying organic matter is abundant, feeding on it and on bacteria and other micro-organisms. Reproduction:
asexually by transverse binary fission, and sexually by conjugation .Characteristics: the
numerous cilia covering the whole surface of the body. They have two contractile vacuoles and two nuclei: a large oval macro nucleus (for vegetative functions), and a small micronucleus (for reproduc tion).
Paramecium
Kingdom : Protista Phylum: SarcomastigophoraSubphylum: MastigophoraClass: ZoomastigophoraGenus: TrypanosomaSpecies: gambiense Trypanosoma gambiense
Intermediate host: insect or leech Habitat in intermediate host: alimentary canal Definite host: human. Habitat in definite host: blood of manCauses the disease: sleeping sickness.Means of locomotion: flagellum.Feeding habits: absorbing the nutrient subs tances from the host.Reproduction: reproduce asexually by longitudinal binary fission. Major characteristics: long slender, undulating a whip-like flagellum.
Trypanosoma
Kingdom: Protista Phylum: Apicomplexa Class: SporozoaGenus: plasmodiumSpecies: Plasmodium malaria
Trophozoite: habitat: live intracellu larly in the blood corpuscles of its vertebrate host. Causes the disease: malaria fever to man. Vector: a mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles.
Plasmodium malariae
Trophzoite stage
Release of merozoites
Ring stage
Macrogametocyte
Microgametocyte
Formation of Merozoites
3
21
كوالي انتاميبا Entamoeba coli حوصلة
الحويصلة- 1 Cyst Wallجدار
Nuclei 8-4أنوية( 4-8- )2
Cytoplasmسيتوبالزم- 3
3
2
1
هستوليتكا انتاميبا Entamoeba histolytica حوصلة
الحويصلة- 1 Cyst Wallجدار
Nuclei 4-1أنوية( 1-4- )2
Cytoplasmسيتوبالزم- 3اعداد األستاذة/ أفراح الخريجي
(Trypanosoma)التريبانوسوما
حمراء- 1 دم Red blood cellكريات
Flagellumالسوط- 2
متموج- 3 Undulating membraneغشاء
Nucleusنواة- 4
43
2
1
2
1
Plasmodiumالبالزموديوم
1 ) ( الميروزيتات- تكوين Schizonte(formation ofالشيزونتmerozoites)
حمراء- 2 دم Red blood cellكريات
2
1
Plasmodiumالبالزموديوم
الميروزيتات- 1 Release of merozoitesإنطالق
حمراء- 2 دم Red blood cellكريات
2
1
3
4
(Paramecium)البراميسيوم
Ciliaأهداب- 1
كبيرة- 2 macronucleusنواة
صغيرة- 3 micronucleusنواة
متقبضة- 4 Contractile vacuoleفجوة
4