parco naturale regionale molentargius -saline · collected during the herborizationwere identified...
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ECOSISTEMA FILTRO: PLANT BIODIVERSITY OF A CONSTRUCTED WETLAND LOCATED IN TO A NATURAL PARK.
GABRIELE DE MARTIS(*), GIANMARCO SERRI(*) & BONARIA MULAS(**)(*) Parco Naturale Regionale Molentargius-Saline, Via La Palma – Ed. Sali Scelti, 09126 Cagliari. e-mail: [email protected],
[email protected] – www.parconaturalemolentargius.it(**)Dipartimento di Scienze Botaniche, V.le S. Ignazio 13, 09123 Cagliari. e-mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTIONThe first results of a survey on the flora of a constructed wetland, the Ecosistema Filtro(ESF), of the Regional Natural Park of Molentargius-Saline (Southern Sardinia), are reported. The structure is a Free Water Surface System (FWS) located within the Bellarosa Maggiore and covers about 37 hectares. The ESF receives wastewater from sewage treatment of the Is Arenas depurator, following a finishing treatment through a phyto-purification, feeds the ponds of the Bellarosa Minore and Perdalonga.
2005
Atlantic5%
Steno-Mediterranean
14%
Eurasiatic7%
Mediterranean14%
Euri-Mediterranean22%
Endemic2%
Other36%
2005
Ch8% G
9%
H14%
I3%P
5%
T61%
2006
Ch7% G
10%
H18%
I2%
P4%
T59%
2007
Ch7% G
10%
H17%
I2%P
6%
T58%
2008
Ch7% G
9%
H18%
I3%
P9%
T54%
With reference to the growth forms, the analysis of the biological spectrum puts in evidence the high therophytic component close to 54% as confirmation of the territory remarkable aridity.
The examination of the chorological elements shows a dominance of the Mediterranean species – also comprehensive of the endemic species – that is 58%.
REFERENCESARRIGONI P.V., 1979 - Le piante endemiche della Sardegna. Monografia AP/1/29-33, C.N.R. Programma finalizzato - Promozionedella qualità dell'Ambiente - Gallizzi, Sassari.ARRIGONI P.V., CAMARDA I., CORRIAS B., DIANA S., NARDI E., RAFFAELLI M., VALSECCHI F., 1977-1991 - Le pianteendemiche della Sardegna: 1-202. Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat., 16-28.BACCHETTA G. & PONTECORVO C., 2005 - Contribution to the knowledge of the endemic vascular flora of Iglesiente (SW Sardinia –Italy). Candollea, 60: 481-501.CONTI F., ABBATE G., ALESSANDRINI A., BLASI C., 2005 - An Annotated Checklist of the Italian Vascular Flora. Palombi Editori, Roma.CONTI F., ALESSANDRINI A., BACCHETTA G., BANFI E., BARBERIS G., BARTOLUCCI F., BERNARDO L., BONACQUISTI S., BOUVET D., BOVIO M., BRUSA G., DEL GUACCHIO E., FOGGI B., FRATTINI S., GALASSO G., GALLO L., GANGALE C., GOTTSCHLICH G., GRÜNANGER P., GUBELLINI L., IIRITI G., LUCARINI D., MARCHETTI D., MORALDO B., PERUZZI L., POLDINI L., PROSSER F., RAFFAELLI M., SANTANGELO A., SCASSELLATI E., SCORTEGAGNA S., SELVI F., SOLDANO A., TINTI D., UBALDI D., UZUNOV D., VIDALI M., 2007 - Integrazioni alla Checklist della flora vascolare italiana. Natura Vicentina, 10 (2006): 5-74.CUCCUINI P., 2002 - Il genere Parapholis C.E. Hubbard (Poaceae) in Italia. Note tassonomiche e palinologiche. Webbia, 57(1): 7-64.DE MARTIS B., LOI M.C., POLO M.B., 1984 - Il genere “Tamarix” (Tamaricaceae) in Sardegna. Webbia, 37(2): 211-235.GREUTER W., BURDET H. M. & LONG G., 1984-89 - Med-Checklist 1-3-4. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Géneve.IBERITE M., 1996 - Contribution to knowledge of the genus Salicornia L. (Chenopodiaceae) in Italy. Ann. Bot. (Roma), 54: 145-154.IBERITE M., 2004 - Le salicornie: metodologie di indagine e problematiche tassonomiche. Inform. Bot. Ital., 36(2): 508-511. JALAS J. & SUOMINEN J (ed.). 1972-1994 - Atlas Florae Europaeae. 1-10. Helsinki.JALAS J., SUOMINEN J. & LAMPINEN R. (ed.). 1996-1999 - Atlas Florae Europaeae. 11-12. Helsinki.KURTTO A., LAMPINEN R. & JUNIKKA L., 2004 - Atlas Florae Europaeae. 13. Helsinki.PIGNATTI S., 1982 - Flora d'Italia. 1-3. Edagricole Ed. Bologna.TUTIN T.G., BURGES N.A., CHATER A.O., EDMONDSON G.R., HEYWOOD W.H., MOORE D.M., VALENTINE D.H., WALTERS S.M. & WEBB D.A., 1993 - Flora Europaea. 1. University Press., Cambridge.TUTIN T.G., BURGES N.A., VALENTINE D.H., WALTERS S.M. & WEBB D.A., 1964-1980 - Flora Europaea. 1-5. University Press., Cambridge.VALSECCHI F., 1977 - Contributo alla conoscenza del genere Echium: I – Echium della Sardegna. Webbia, 32(1): 101-127.
Euphorbia pithyusa L. subsp. cupanii(Guss. ex Bertol.) Radcl.-Sm.
Zannichellia palustris L.subsp. palustris
Photos: G. De Martis; Teravista; CRM.
MATERIALS AND METHODSThe floristic investigation was conducted from 2005 to 2008, through periodic excursions. The specimens collected during the herborization were identified according to the “Flora d’Italia” (PIGNATTI, 1982), also the “Flora Europaea” (TUTIN & al., 1964-1980; 1993). As for the nomenclature refers “An Annotated Checklist of the Italian Vascular Flora” (CONTI & al., 2005), and its integration (CONTI & al., 2007), “Flora Europaea” (TUTIN & al., 1964-1980; 1993) revised and updated through “Atlas Florae Europaeae” (JALAS & SUOMINEN, 1972-1994; JALAS & al., 1996-1999; KURTTO & al., 2004), “Med-Cecklist” (GREUTER & al., 1984-1989). The endemic units were identified also through “Schede delle Piante endemiche della Sardegna”(ARRIGONI, 1979; ARRIGONI & al., 1977-1991) and the survay “Contribution to the knowledge of the endemic vascular flora of Iglesiente”(BACCHETTA & PONTECORVO, 2005). Finally, have been consulted the monographs and more recent taxonomic survey about specific groups: DE MARTIS & al. (1984) for the Tamaricaceae, VALSECCHI (1977) for the genus Echium, IBERITE (1996; 2004) for Salicornia and CUCCUINI (2002) for Parapholis.
From then to now there was a constant monitoring of the flora of this area who just in four years has become a reservoir of unique genetic diversity, constituting 37% of the plant biodiversity of the Park. The flora of the ESF consists of 190 taxonomic units relating to 133 species, 56 subspecies and 1 variety distributed in 47 families and 126 genera.
Basing upon this survey, ESF has 4 endemic units:
Limonium dubium (Guss.) Litard.Limonium retirameum Greuter & Burdet subsp. caralitanum (Erben) ArrigoniEuphorbia pithyusa L. subsp. cupanii (Guss. ex Bertol.) Radcl.-Sm.Stachys glutinosa L.
Eight elements are included on the “Red Lists”:
Cynomorium coccineum L. subsp. coccineumLimonium avei (De Not.) Brullo & ErbenMarrubium alysson L.Phleum arenarium L. subsp. caesium H. ScholzRanunculus sceleratus L.Salicornia emerici Duval-JouveSalicornia patula Duval-JouveZannichellia palustris L. subsp. palustris
RESULTSCompleted in 2005, the system has been the subject of planting of reedbeds, and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., is appointed to play an active role in the finishing water process.
The context where the Ecosistema Filtro is placed, its particularly important dimensions and the role it plays in a Park area, make it a unique case for Europe. The floristic characterization of this interesting wetland, is the result of its location between two wetlands, a freshwater one, the BellarosaMinore, and the other with salt water, the Bellarosa Maggiore.
The ESF is also an ideal habitat for the stopping, the wintering and the breeding of particular important bird species, making it necessary to find the suitable balance between the objectives of protection and preservation of species and the management and maintenance of a water finishing installation integrated in a natural protected area.
92
152165
190
0
50
100
150
200
2005 2006 2007 2008
N. TAXA/YEAR
2007
Other29%
Boreal2%
Atlantic4%
Endemic2%
Euri-Mediterranean19%
Mediterranean18%
Eurasiatic7%
Steno-Mediterranean
19%
2008
Other29%
Boreal2%
Atlantic5%
Endemic2%
Euri-Mediterranean18%
Mediterranean18%
Eurasiatic6%
Steno-Mediterranean
20%
2006
Other30%
Boreal2%
Atlantic5%
Endemic1%
Euri-Mediterranean20%
Mediterranean16%
Eurasiatic7%
Steno-Mediterranean
19%
Legend:
ZPS ITB044002 – Stagno di Molentargius
Parco Naturale Regionale Molentargius-Saline LR 5/99 Art-2_1
SIC ITB040022 – Stagno di Molentargius e territori limitrofi
PARCO NATURALE REGIONALE MOLENTARGIUS - SALINE