parim 2nd review

8/18/2019 Parim 2nd Review

1/19

GUDLAVALLERU ENGINEERING COLLEGEDepartment of CIVIL ENGINEERING

M.Tech Structural Engneerng

!ro"ect !rogre## Report for $n% Re&e'

Date(

Name( P. Roopa Bhargavi

Roll No. ( 14481D8715

)roa% area of pro"ect 'or*( Concrete technology

Ttle of the pro"ect 'or*( Experimental Stuy on Strength an ura!ility propertie" o# "teel

#i!er" $ gla"" #i!er" u"ing %%BS !a"e concrete

+. A)STRACT

Concrete i" the !roaly u"e con"truction material in civil engineering

inu"try ue to it" tremenou" propertie" li&e high "tructural "trength an "ta!ility. 'he

eman an co"t o# cement i" gro(ing ay to ay) "o inve"tigator" are loo&ing #or

"upplementary material" (ith the main o!*ective o# reucing "oli (a"te i"po"al pro!lem)

!y u"ing (a"te a" "upplementary !y maintaining the "ame propertie" or !y enhancing the

propertie" !y u"ing "electe material".

+n thi" "tuy) an attempt ha" !een mae to "tuy the e##ect on mechanical an

ura!ility propertie" o# ,-5 grae concrete mae (ith replacement o# cement (ith %roun

%ranulate Bla"t urnace Slag /%%BS0) /2) 12) -2) 32 an 420. #ter the optimum

content o# %%BS #oun) #or the replacement o# cement then Steel #i!er in i##erent

percentage" /2) .52) 12) 1.52 an -20 an gla"" #i!er" in i##erent percentage" /2)

.12) .-2) .32) .420 i" ae.

or each "et o# #i!er") mechanical propertie" (ere "tuie !y per#orming

Compre""ion te"t #or Cu!e") lexural te"t #or !eam" an Split 'en"ile te"t #or cyliner" an

ura!ility propertie" (ere "tuie !y per#orming "ulphate attac& te"t cu!e".

,E-ORDS %%BS) Steel i!er) %la"" i!er) Cement) Coar"e ggregate) ineggregate.

$.INTRODUCTION

1


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GROUND GRANULATED )LAST SLAG /GG)S 0( %%BS i" not a ne( prouct. +t ha"alreay proven it"el# relia!ly in it" u"e all over the (orl "ince the mi 18". 'hirty6eight

year" a#ter the patent #or Portlan cement (a" #ir"t loge !y ohn "pin in 18-4) Emil

angin i"covere %%BS cement. By 1895) commercial prouction o# lime activate %%BS

ha commence in %ermany an !y 188 %%BS (a" !eing u"e (ith Portlan cement a" the

activator. +n 188: it (a" u"e #or con"truction o# the Pari" ,etro. 'he ;nite State"commence prouction o# "lag cement" in 18:9.

Since then Europe) (ith it" many !la"t #urnace" an "teel inu"trie" ha" u"e %%BS

exten"ively in all manner o# "tructure". By 1:14) %%BS (a" !eing manu#acture in Scotlan.

BS 149 (a" pu!li"he in 1:-3 #ollo(e !y BS 99:: in 1:89 #or %%BS. +n Britain) over -

million ton" o# %%BS i" u"e every year. %%BS i" al"o (iely u"e !y the cement an

concrete inu"trie" in continental Europe) (ith "ome 17.7 million tone" no( !eing u"e

annually. %%BS i" "peci#ie #or it" many technical avantage" an a" a mean" o# reucing the

environmental impact o# the prouction o# Portlan cement.

1I)ERS REIN1ORCED CONCRETE( i!re Rein#orce Concrete can !e e#ine a" a

compo"ite material con"i"ting o# mixture" o# cement) mortar or concrete an i"continuou")

i"crete) uni#ormly i"per"e "uita!le #i!re". Continuou" me"he") (oven #a!ric" an long

(ire" or ro" are not con"iere to !e i"crete #i!re" RC increa"e" the ten"ile "trength o# the

concrete) it reuce the air voi" an (ater voi" the inherent poro"ity o# gel. +t increa"e" the

ura!ility o# the concrete. i!re" "uch a" graphite an gla"" have excellent re"i"tance to creep.

'he aition o# "mall clo"ely "pace an uni#ormly i"per"e #i!re" to concrete (oul act a"

crac& arre"ter an (oul "u!"tantially improve it" "tatic an ynamic propertie".i!re

rein#orce concr"ete i" in u"e "ince many year" in +nia) !ut the "tructural application" are

very much limite. ui cement) (hich re>uire" a great eal o# preparation (or& !ut ma&e #or a much "tronger

concrete. Steel #i!er6rein#orce concrete u"e" thin "teel (ire" mixe in (ith the cement.

Diameter varying #rom .36.5mm an ength varying #rom 3569mm

-


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ig Steel #i!er type" (ith i##erent geometric propertie"

ADVANTAGES O1 STEEL 1I)ERS

• +mprove "tructural "trength

• Reuce "teel rein#orcement re>uirement"

•

+mprove uctility

• Reuce crac& (ith" an control o# crac& (ith" thu" improving ura!ility

• +mprove impact $ a!ra"ion re"i"tance

E11ECT O1 1I)ER ON CONCRETE

• Re"i"tance to crac& propagation ue to pla"tic an rying "hrin&age.

• Re"i"tance to thermal an moi"ture "tre""e".

• +ncrea"e" uctility.

• +ncrea"e" impact an a!ra"ion re"i"tance.

• +ncrea"e ten"ile) #lexural an #atigue "trength.

• Decrea"e permea!ility.

• Decrea"e mix6(ater !lee rate

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'he #ollo(ing value" give" the e##ect" o# #i!er" on concrete

!RO!ERTIES IM!ROVEMENT OVER

ORDINAR- CONCRETE

DUCTILIT- 2 TO +3 TIMES

IM!ACT RESISTANCE +33 TO $334

CRAC,ING 5 1LE6URAL

STRENGT7

83 TO +$34

S7EAR STRENGT7 23 TO +334

)EARING STRENGT7 23 TO +334

A)RASION RESISTANCE SEVERAL TIMES

GLASS 1I)ER( %la"" #i!er i" #orme (hen thin "tran" o# #lca6!a"e or other #ormulationgla"" are e9tru%e% into many #i!er" (ith "mall iameter" "uita!le

#or te9tle proce""ing. 'he techni>ue o# heating an ra(ing gla"" into #ine #i!er" ha"

!een &no(n #or millennia? ho(ever) the u"e o# the"e #i!er" #or textile application" i"

more recent. ;ntil thi" time) all

gla"" #i!er ha !een manu#acture a" #taple /that i")

clu"ter" o# "hort length" o# #i!er0.

COM!OSITION( E6CR6gla"" /Electrical@Chemical Re"i"tance? alumino6lime "ilicate (ith

le"" than 12 (@( al&ali oxie") (ith high aci re"i"tance0

USE E6gla"" /AEA !ecau"e o# initial electrical application0) i" al&ali #ree) an (a" the #ir"t

gla"" #ormulation u"e #or continuou" #ilament #ormation. +t no( ma&e" up mo"t o# the

#i!ergla"" prouction in the (orl) an al"o i" the "ingle large"t con"umer o# !oron mineral"&

glo!ally. +t i" "u"cepti!le to chlorie ion attac& an i" a poor choice #or marine application"

1:ert;pe

Ten#le

#trength

/M!a0cm?0

Thermal

e9pan#on

/@m>mBC0

Softenng T/BC0

!rce/>*g0

E-glass 3445 1080 2.58 5.4 846 ~2

4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrusionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textilehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textilehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staple_(textiles)https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E-CR-glass&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boronhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensile_strengthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensile_strengthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_fiber#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressive_strengthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressive_strengthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrusionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textilehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staple_(textiles)https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E-CR-glass&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boronhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensile_strengthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensile_strengthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_fiber#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressive_strengthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressive_strength


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?. REVIE O1 LITERATURE

Santo#h ,umar ,arr G.V.Rama Rao !.Mar*an%e;a Ra"u /$3+20


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. O)FECT AND SCO!E O1 E6!ERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

E6!ERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION( 'he experimental inve"tigation con"i"t" o# ca"ting

an te"ting o# : "et" along (ith control mix. Each "et compri"e" o# 18 cu!e") 3 cyliner" an

9 !eam" #or etermining compre""ive) ten"ile an #lexural "trength" re"pectively. By ta&ing

i##erent percentage o# %%BS) along (ith "teel $ %la"" #i!er" iniviually a" a partial

replacement o# cement (ill !e replace accoringly (ith the i##erent percentage" !y (eight

o# "lag an i##erent percentage" !y (eight o# "teel #i!er an %la"" #i!er. Cu!e "ection

imen"ion i" o#15cmx15cmx15cm) cyliner "ection imen"ion i" 15cmx3cm an !eam

imen"ion i" 5cmx1cmx1cm. 'he moul" are applie (ith a lu!ricant !e#ore placing the

concrete. #ter a ay o# ca"ting) the moul" are remove. 'he cu!e") cyliner" an !eam" are

move to the curing tan& care#ully.

%RDE

C=CRE'E

S'EE +BER C;BES C+=DERS BE,S

,-5 2 18 3 9

.52 18 3 9

12 18 3 9

1.52 18 3 9

-2 18 3 9

'' =;,BER SPEC+,E=S

135

%RDE

C=CRE'E

%SS +BER C;BES C+=DERS BE,S

,-5 .12 18 3 9

.-2 18 3 9

.32 18 3 9

.42 18 3 9

'' =;,BER SPEC+,E=S

18

9


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2. MATERIALS 5 !RO!ERTIES

CEMENT( 'he cement u"e (a" orinary Portlan cement o# 536 grae con#orming to +S1--9:. 'he cement "houl !e #re"h an o# uni#orm con"i"tency. here there i" evience o#

lump" or any #oreign matter in the material) it "houl not !e u"e. 'he cement "houl !e

"tore uner ry conition" an #or a" "hort uration a" po""i!le.

1INE AGGREGATES( San "hall !e o!taine #rom a relia!le "upplier an "hall comply

(ith S', "tanar C6 33 #or #ine aggregate". +t "houl !e clean) har) "trong) an #ree o#

organic impuritie" an eleteriou" "u!"tance. +t "houl inert (ith re"pect to other material"

u"e an o# "uita!le type (ith regar to "trength) en"ity) "hrin&age an ura!ility o# mortar

mae (ith it.%raing o# the "an i" to !e "uch that a mortar o# "peci#ie proportion" i"

prouce (ith a uni#orm i"tri!ution o# the aggregate) (hich (ill have a high en"ity an

goo (or&a!ility an (hich (ill (or& into po"ition (ithout "egregation an (ithout u"e o#

high (ater content. 'he #inene"" o# the "an "houl !e "uch that 12 o# it pa""e" "tanar

"ieve =o.8.'he #ine aggregate (hich i" the inert material occupying 9 to 75 percent o# the

volume o# mortar mu"t get har "trong nonporou" an chemically inert. ine aggregate"

con#orming to graing one ++ (ith particle" grater than -.39 mm an "maller than 15 mm

remove are "uita!le.

COARSE AGGREGATE( ocally availa!le cru"he !lue granite "tone" con#orming tograe aggregate o# nominal "ie - mm a" per +S 383 F 1:7. G.+t" "peci#ic gravity (a" -.9.

GG)S( %roun granulate !la"t #urnace "lag %%BS i" o!taine !y >uenching molten iron"lag /a !y6prouct o# iron an "teel ma&ing0 #rom a !la"t #urnace in (ater or "team) to prouce a gla""y) granular prouct that i" then rie an groun into a #ine po(er. %%BS i"

u"e to ma&e ura!le concrete "tructure" in com!ination (ith orinary Portlan cement

an@or other poolanic material". '(o ma*or u"e" o# %%BS are in the prouction o# >uality6

improve "lag cement) namely Portlan !la"t #urnace cement /PBC0 an


8/19

ig %%BS

C7EMICAL COM!OSITION O1 GG)S

Ecocem %%BS compri"e" mainly o# Ca) Si-) l-3) ,g) it contain"

le"" than 12 cry"talline "ilica) an contain" le"" than 1 ppm (ater "olu!le chromium+H. +t ha" the "ame main chemical con"tituent" a" orinary Portlan cement) !ut in

i##erent proportion".

Chemical Con"tituent Portlan %%BS

Ca 952 42

Si- -2 352

+-3 52 12

,g -2 82

Ta:le Chemical Compo"ition o# %%BS

Becau"e o# the"e chemical "imilaritie") Ecocem %%BS can !e replace #or Portlancement in concrete mixe" !y a" much a" up to :52 /E= 1:7F1 allo(" #or up to :52

replacement0.

!7-SICAL !RO!ERTIES O1 GG)S

-.

Colour ##6(hite po(er

Bul& en"ity /loo"e0 1.F1.1 tonne" @m3

Bul& en"ity /vi!rate0 1.-F1.3 tonne" @m3

Relative en"ity -.85F-.:5

Sur#ace area 4F9 m-@&g Blaine

Ta:le Phy"ical Propertie" o# %%BS

'he groun cement po(er i" near6(hite in colour an i" a hyraulic cement) i.e. it

ha" the property o# "etting an harening through chemical reaction (ith (ater.

1I)ERREIN1ORCED CONCRETE /1RC0

STEEL 1I)ER( i!er i" a "mall piece o# rein#orcing material po""e""ing certain

characteri"tic" propertie". 'hey can !e circular or #lat. 'he #i!er i" o#ten e"cri!e !y a

convenient parameter calle Ia"pect ratioJ. 'he a"pect ratio o# the #i!er i" the ratio o# it"

length to it" iameter. 'ypical a"pect ratio range" #rom 3 to 15.

S!ECI1ICATIONS O1 STEEL 1I)ERS

i!er 'ype


9/19

ig "teel #i!er

GLASS 1I)ERS( %la"" #i!er6rein#orce concrete u"e" #i!ergla"") much li&e you (oul #in

in #i!ergla"" in"ulation) to rein#orce the concrete. 'he gla"" #i!er help" in"ulate the concrete

in aition to ma&ing it "tronger. %la"" #i!er al"o help" prevent the concrete #rom crac&ingover time ue to mechanical or thermal "tre"". +n aition) the gla"" #i!er oe" not inter#ere

(ith raio "ignal" li&e the "teel #i!er rein#orcement oe".

ig gla"" #i!er

GLASS 1I)ER !RO!ERTIES

i!er length 5mmi!er iameter .1mm

"pect Ratio 5

:


10/19

Speci#ic gravity te"t" #or coar"e an #ine aggregate" are conucte an the te"t re"ult"

o!taine are a" #ollo("

S. =o Particular" o# te"t 'e"t re"ult"

1 Speci#ic gravity o# coar"e aggregate -.9

- Speci#ic gravity o# #ine aggregate -.97

3 Speci#ic gravity o# %%BS -.85

4 Sieve analy"i" Kone ++

MOULDS AND EHUI!MENTS(

,oul" o# re>uire "ie an "hape (ere prepare #or ca"ting proce"".'he imen"ion" o# the

moul" #or ca"ting cu!e") cyliner" an pri"m" are 15mm x 15mm x 15mm)3mm x

15mm $5mm x 1mm x 1mm re"pectively are u"e. ll the moul" are applie

lu!ricant !e#ore concreting. #ter a ay o# ca"ting moul" are e moule an then cu!e")

!eam" $ cyliner" are move to the curing tan& care#ully #or curing.

1


11/19

Cro"" "ectional etail" o# the !eam

. SC7EDULE DATES 1OR CASTING AND TESTING

Steel

1:er

4

Date of Ca#tng Date of te#tng

J %a;# $8 %a;# K3 %a;#

8@1@15 15@1@19 11@-@19 6

1 11@3@19 18@3@19 8@4@19 :@9@19

1.5 11@3@19 18@3@19 8@4@19 :@9@19

- 1-@3@19 1:@3@19 :@4@19 1@9@19

Gla##

1:er

4

Date of Ca#tng Date of te#tng

J %a;# $8 %a;# K3 %a;#

8@1@15 15@1@19 11@-@19 6

11


12/19

.1 13@3@19 -1@3@19 11@4@19 1-@9@19

.- 13@3@19 -1@3@19 11@4@19 1-@9@19

.3 14@3@19 -1@3@19 11@4@19 1-@9@19

J. MI6 DESIGN

,ix i" e"igne !a"ing on +S metho an the ingreient" (ill !e !atche on volumetric !a"i".

Puolonic material i" u"e a" partial replacement@aition to any o# the ingreient" !y u"ing

a!ove material light (eight aggregate concrete o# ,-5 grae (ill !e manu#acture an te"te

#or "trength) ura!ility propertie". ,ix e"ign can !e e#ine a" the proce"" o# "electing

"uita!le ingreient" o# concrete an etermining their relative proportion" (ith the o!*ect o#

proucing concrete o# certain minimum "trength an ura!ility a" economically a" po""i!le.

,ix e"ign #or each "et having i##erent com!ination" are carrie out !y u"ing IS(+3$$

$33Kmetho. 'he mix proportion o!taine #or normal ,-5 grae concrete i" +( +.8J (

?.$.(ith a (ater6cement ratio o# 3.$

O)FECTIVE(

'he main o!*ect" o# concrete mix e"ign are

1. 'o achieve the "tipulate minimum "trength an ura!ility

-. 'o ma&e the concrete in the mo"t economical manner

De"ign o# concrete mix re>uire" complete &no(lege o# the variou" propertie" o# the

con"tituent material") the implication in ca"e o# change on the"e conition" at the "ite) the

impact o# propertie" o# pla"tic concrete on the harene concrete an complicate inter6

relation"hip !et(een the varia!le". 'he"e "trength re"ult" (ill !e compare (ith conventionalconcrete re"ult".

8. OR, DONE IT7 MI6 !RO!ORTIONS

Gra%e Cement 1ne

aggregate

Coar#e

aggregate

ater >C rato

;nit" &g@m3 &g@m3 &g@m3 iter" &g@m3

,-5 44- 994.8 1181.: 189 .4-

OR, DONE 1OR CONVENTIONAL TRAIL MI6+(

DATE MI6 DESIGN

No of cu:e#

ca#te% ?

J DA-S TEST

M!a

3@1-@15 Cement 6 4.48 &g"

. 6 9.7 &g"

C. 6 11.: &g"

ater 6 -.19 lt"

1-


13/19

1@1-@15 Strength o!taineL

4-.51

45.91

43.-5

The average strength of the 3 specimens casted is 43.79 Mpa

OR, DONE 1OR CONVENTIONAL TRAIL MI6$(

Gra%e Cement 1ne

aggregate

Coar#e

aggregate

ater >C rato

;nit" &g@m3 &g@m3 &g@m3 iter" &g@m3

,-5 41.4 953.1 114.: 17- .4-

DATE MI6 DESIGN

No of cu:e#

ca#te% ?

J DA-S TEST

M!a

$8 DA-S TEST

M!a

:@1-@15 Cement 6 4.14 &g"

. 6 9.57 &g"

C. 6 11.49&g"

ater 6 1.74lt"

17@1-@15 Strength o!taineL

-4.8-

-5.-

-4.59

11@1@19 Strength o!taine L

39.:8

35.-1

37.1-

The average strength 7 & 28 days of the 3 specimens casted is 24.8 Mpa&36.43 Mpa

OR, DONE 1OR CONVENTIONAL TRAIL MI6?(

Gra%e Cement 1ne

aggregate

Coar#e

aggregate

ater >C rato

;nit" &g@m3 &g@m3 &g@m3 liter" &g@m3

,-5 394.: 985.3 11:7.8 153.-9 .4-

13


14/19

DATE MI6 DESIGN

No of cu:e#

ca#te% ?

J DA-S TEST

M!a

$8 DA-S TEST

M!a

8@1@19 Cement 6 3.9: &g"

. 6 7.-3 &g"C. 6 11.7&g"

ater 6 1.55lt"

15@1@19 Strength o!taineL

-1.8-

-1.9

--.43

11@-@19 Strength o!taine L

33.:8

3-.59

3-.8

The average strength 7 & 28 days of the 3 specimens casted is 21.95 Mpa&32.88 Mpa

GG)S O!TIMUM

'he mix proportion" (ith partial replacement o# PC (ith 2) 12) -2) 32 an 42

o# %%BS are calculate.

S.= 2 %%BS C,PRESS+HES'RE=%'< ,Pa

7 ay" "trength -8 ay" "trength

1 -1.:- 3-.84

- 1 --.81 34.-7

3 - -3.7 35.55

4 3 -4.1 35.:8

5 4 -1.9- 3-.49

RESULT O1 GG)S(

t 2) 12) -2) 32 an 42 replacement o# %%BS in the cement. " !y mix at 32

optimum value o# %%BS #oun.

K. !ROCESS O1 MANU1ACTURE O1 CONCRETE

14


15/19

MI6ING( 'he cement i" then mixe (ith the other ingreient" aggregate" /"an) gravel) or

cru"he "tone0) amixture") #i!er") an (ater. ggregate" are pre6!lene or ae at the

reay6mix concrete plant uner normal operating conition". 'he mixing operation u"e"

rotation or "tirring to coat the "ur#ace o# the aggregate (ith cement pa"te an to !len the

other ingreient" uni#ormly. variety o# !atch or continuou" mixer" are u"e

!RE!ARATION O1 CONCRETE CU)ES( ,etal moul") pre#era!ly "teel or ca"t iron)

"trong enough to prevent i"tortion i" re>uire. 'hey are mae in "uch a manner a" to #acility

the removal o# the moule. Specimen (ithout amage an are "o maintaine that) (hen it i"

a""em!le) the imen"ion" an internal #ace" are re>uire to !e accurate (ith in the #ollo(ing

limit".

COM!ACTING( 'he te"ting cu!e "pecimen" are mae a" "oon a" po""i!le a#ter mixing an

in "uch a manner to prouce #ull compaction o# the concrete (ith neither "egregation nor

exce""ive !leeing) a#ter compacting cu!e" #ille (ith concreting.

15


16/19

CURING( 'he te"t "pecimen" are "tore in a place #ree #rom vi!ration in moi"t air o# at lea"t

:2 relative humiity an at a temperature o# -7o-oC #or -4 hour" #rom the time o# aition

o# (ater to the ry ingreient". #ter thi" perio) the "pecimen" are mar&e an remove

#rom the moul".

TESTING/Compre##&e Strength0 ( #ter 7) -8 an : ay" curing) cu!ical "pecimen" are

place on compre""ion te"ting machine having a maximum capacity o# 3 M=an acon"tant rate o# loaing o# 4&g@m- per minute i" applie on te"t ;ltimate loa at (hich the

cu!ical "pecimen #ail" i" note o(n #rom ial gauge reaing. 'hi" ultimate loa ivie !y

the area o# "pecimen give" the compre""ive "trength o# each cu!e.

TEST RESULTS

COM!RESSIVE STRENGT7 1OR GLASS 1I)ER

S.no %%BS 2 2 S'EE +BER 7ay"

C,PRESS+HE

S'RE=%'<

1 3 -1.:-

- 3 1 -3.77

3 3 1.5 -5.55

4 3 - -4.99

19


17/19

COM!RESSIVE STRENGT7 1OR GLASS 1I)ER

S.no %%BS 2 2 %SS

+BER

7ay"

C,PRESS+HE

S'RE=%'<

1 3 -1.:-

- 3 .1 -3.33

3 3 .- -4.--

4 3 .3 -4.44

+3. 1URT7ER OR, SC7EDULE

Steel

1:er 4

Dura:lt; $8 %a;# K3 %a;#


18/19

$

S..4

++. CONCLUDING REMAR,S

our trail" have !een one #or the o!taining o# ,-5 mix e"ign an in the #ourth trail mix the

optimum value" are o!taine #or the mix. comparative "tuy on "trength an ura!ility

propertie" (ill !e one

• Strength parameter" F Compre""ive "trength #or cu!e"

o Split ten"ile "trength #or cyliner"

o lexural "trength #or !eam"

• Dura!ility Parameter"F '(o aci"


19/19

Signature o# the guie (ith ate

/=ame o# the guie0

Signature o# ,.'eh. Pro*ect Coorinator (ith ate Signature o#

parim 2nd review

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