park design for community health & wellbeing
TRANSCRIPT
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MIMI BURNS, ASL A , LEED APPark Design for Community Health & Well-BeingN E W M E X I C O R E C R E A T I O N & P A R K S A S S O C I A T I O N | 1 1 . 6 . 1 5
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“PUBLIC PARKS AND RECREATION ARE THE GATEWAYS TO A HEALTHIER AMERICA , AND THEY ENSURE THAT COMMUNITIES ARE TRULY LIVABLE.”
-National Recreation and Park Association
COMMUNITY HEALTH
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A 2011 STUDY CONDUCTED ON SEATTLE’S PARK AND RECREATION SYSTEM REVEALED THAT SEATTLE’S RESIDENTS WERE ABLE TO SAVE $64 MILLION IN MEDICAL COSTS AS A RESULT OF GETTING PHYSICAL ACTIVIT Y IN THE PARKS.
- N a t i o n a l R e c r e a t i o n & P a r k s A s s o c i a t i o n .
Parks provide opportunities for physical activity• Increases activity in children and adults
• Reduces obesity
• Reduces incidence of chronic illness
• Reduces stress
COMMUNITY HEALTH
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
OBESITY RATES
T HE S T A T E O F O B E S I T Y , B E T T E R P O L I C I E S F O R A H E A L T H I E
R AM
E RI C
A
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Parks Provide Opportunities for People to Connect to Nature • Reduces stress and anxiety
• Improves mood
• Provides mental respite, refreshing us for new tasks
• Improves interpersonal skills and relationships
Foster a Sense of Community, Altruism and Empathy (Mitigates egoism)
COMMUNITY HEALTH
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COMMUNITY WELLBEING
“COMMUNIT Y WELLBEING IS THE COMBINATION OF SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, CULTURAL, AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS IDENTIFIED BY INDIVIDUALS AND THEIR COMMUNITIES AS ESSENTIAL FOR THEM TO FLOURISH AND FULFILL THEIR POTENTIAL.”
- W i s e m a n a n d B r a s h e r ( 2 0 0 8 )
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Related Concepts• Quality of Life
• Happiness
• Individual Wellbeing
• Community Development
COMMUNITY WELLBEING
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Certification Programs• LEED
• SUSTAINABLE SITES INITIATIVE
• WELL BUILDING STANDARD
APPLYING THE SCIENCE
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LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (LEED)
A green building rating and certification program that recognizes best-in-class building and development strategies and practices that will save money and resources and have a positive impact on the health of citizens, while promoting renewable, clean energy.
APPLYING THE SCIENCE
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LEED
Relevant Categories • Sustainable Sites
• Water Efficiency
• Materials & Resources
• Smart Location & Linkage
• Neighborhood Pattern & Design
• Green Infrastructure & Building
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SUSTAINABLE SITES INITIATIVE A rating system and tool for designing sustainable sites based on the organization and operations of natural systems
APPLYING THE SCIENCE
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“ANY LANDSCAPE ...HOLDS THE POTENTIAL BOTH TO IMPROVE AND TO REGENERATE THE NATURAL BENEFITS AND SERVICES PROVIDED BY ECOSYSTEMS IN THEIR UNDEVELOPED STATE.”
- S u s t a i n a b l e S i t e s I n i t i a t i v e
SUSTAINABLE SITES INITIATIVE
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SUSTAINABLE SITES INITIATIVE
Relevant Categories for Parks• Context: conservation and protection of aquatic,
habitat, floodplains; multi-modal connections
• Predesign Assessment: public engagement, integrative process, soil protection zones
• Construction: sustainable practices, land restoration, waste diversion
• Operations + Maintenance: renewable power, recycling, composting
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SUSTAINABLE SITES INITIATIVE
Relevant Categories for Parks• Design for Water: stormwater features, water
treatment and quality, irrigation
• Design for Soil Stewardship: soil amendments, erosion, use of fertilizers
• Plant Stewardship: care, pest management, invasive plant management
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SUSTAINABLE SITES INITIATIVE
Human Health & Wellbeing• Cultural and Historic Preservation
• Mental Restoration
• Support Physical Activity
• Social Connections
• Food Production
• The Local Economy
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WELL BUILDING STANDARD
A building rating system and design tool used to create buildings that are better for people. Each feature references the human body systems that it is intended to benefit (cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, immune, integumentary, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, urinary).
APPLYING THE SCIENCE
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WELL BUILDINGSTANDARD
Relevant Features for Parks
• Air: smoking ban, pesticide management, cleanable environment
• Water: fundamental water quality, drinking water promotion
• Nourishment: processed food, food advertising and food production
Reduce Use of Herbicides/Pesticides and Eliminate Use of Pre-emergents
Community Food Production
Drinking Water Promotion
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WELL BUILDINGSTANDARD
Relevant Features for Parks • Fitness: exterior active design, physical
activity spaces, active transportation support
• Comfort accessibility standards
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WELL BUILDINGSTANDARD
Relevant Features for Parks • Mind: health and wellness awareness, altruism
and biophilia
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The World Health Organization just Raised the Carcinogenic Status of Glyphosate
Credit: http://www.nationofchange.org/2015/wp-content/uploads/RoundUpSafety.jpg
The World Health Organization just raised the Carcinogenic Status of Glyphosate
WELL BUILDING STANDARDFEATURE 10: PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT
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R o u n d - U p
Glyphosate is regularly used in agriculture, public parks, school grounds and playing fields across the US and globally
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_mA-s9buno68/TAffNc9L7FI/AAAAAAAAA74/MYOcH9gYCdc/s1600/Men+spraying+chemicals+without+masks.JPG
http://www.motherjones.com/files/images/777.jpg
WELL BUILDING STANDARDFEATURE 10: PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT
Glyphosate (Round-Up) is regularly used in agriculture, public parks, school grounds, and playing fields across the US and globally.
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Has a 60-day life…Do you know when they last sprayed your school?
https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/yesmaam/pages/1053/attachments/original/1421187831/Spraying_on_streets.JPG?1421187831
R o u n d - U p
60-day life… know when they last d your school?
n d - U pWELL BUILDING STANDARDFEATURE 10: PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT
Round-Up has a 60-day life...
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• 80% decrease in pesticide use• 88% reduction in use of the herbicide glyphosate (ingredient in Roundup)• Prohibited use of pre-emergent herbicides
W E L L ’ s M o d e l I P M P l a n : C i t y o f S a n F r a n c i s c o• 80% decrease in pesticide use• 88% reduction in use of the herbicide glyphosate (ingredient in Roundup)• Prohibited use of pre-emergent herbicides
W E L L ’ s M o d e l I P M P l a n : C i t y o f S a n F r a n c i s c o
WELL BUILDING STANDARDFEATURE 10: PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT
• 80% decrease in pesticide use
• 88% reduction in use of the herbicide glyphosate (ingredient in Roundup)
• Prohibited use of pre-emergent herbicides
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In New Jersey, all public, private and charter schools are required to adopt an IPM Policy that includes a school-specific IPM Plan.
WELL BUILDING STANDARDFEATURE 10: PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT
In New Jersey, all public, private, and charter schools are required to adopt an IPM Policy that includes a school-specific IPM Plan.
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PEST MANAGEMENT ACTIONS
Hand pull weedsMonitor weekly
Hand pull weeds prior to floweringMonitor weeklyMow or scythe to remove flowersConsider increasing desirable plants to increase good coverage
Hand pull weeds prior to floweringMonitor weeklyMow or scythe to remove flowersConsider increasing desirable plants to increase good coverageConsider solarization of soil and replanting with competitive plantsLast resort: spot use of chemicals
THRESHOLDS/OBSERVATIONS
Level 1: Presence of identifiable weed
Level 2: Flowering weeds starting or there is competition with more than 10% of intentional landscape
Level 3: Weed population is outcompeting intentional landscape or more than 50% of intentional landscape
I P M f o r S c h o o l s | H e r b i c i d e R e d u c t i o n
PEST MANAGEMENT ACTIONS
Hand pull weedsMonitor weekly
Hand pull weeds prior to floweringMonitor weeklyMow or scythe to remove flowersConsider increasing desirable plants to increase good coverage
Hand pull weeds prior to floweringMonitor weeklyMow or scythe to remove flowersConsider increasing desirable plants to increase good coverageConsider solarization of soil and replanting with competitive plantsLast resort: spot use of chemicals
THRESHOLDS/OBSERVATIONS
Level 1: Presence of identifiable weed
Level 2: Flowering weeds starting or there is competition with more than 10% of intentional landscape
Level 3: Weed population is outcompeting intentional landscape or more than 50% of intentional landscape
I P M f o r S c h o o l s | H e r b i c i d e R e d u c t i o n
WELL BUILDING STANDARDFEATURE 10: PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT
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Landscape RenovationSandia Prep SchoolAlbuquerque, NM
beforeafter
H e r b i c i d e R e d u c t i o n
Landscape RenovationSandia Prep SchoolAlbuquerque, NM
beforeafter
H e r b i c i d e R e d u c t i o n
WELL BUILDING STANDARDFEATURE 10: PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT
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HERBICIDE REDUCTION ACTIONS• Replace turf grass with native grass and
wildflower blend• Educate public about the change• Hand pull weeds (intensively for 1 year, less for 2)• Monitor weed growth weekly• Mow or scythe to remove flowers• Last resort: spot use of chemicals
A l b u q u e r q u e , N M
RESULTS• Eliminated use of herbicide in landscape area• Reduced water use by 50%• Reduced labor after first year: periodic
weeding; mowing/clean up 1-2 times a year• Landscape is an education area
C a s e S t u d y | S a n d i a P r e p a r a t o r y S c h o o lLandscape RenovationSandia Prep SchoolAlbuquerque, NM
beforeafter
WELL BUILDING STANDARDFEATURE 10: PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT
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Optimizing Community Health & Wellbeing
Design approaches that have a broad and positive impact on social, economic, environmental, cultural, and political conditions
STRATEGIES
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STRATEGIES
• The Biophilia hypothesis suggests that there is an instinctive bond between human beings and other living systems.
• Park designs should facilitate this connection
BIOPHILIA
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Improves individual and community health, environmental conditions (people become stewards for the environment), and cultural identity
(reinforces past and present ties to the land)
STRATEGIES
BIOPHILIA
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• Improves test scores
• Restores blood flow & brain activity after mental stress
• Improves self-esteem
• Reduces anxiety
• ADHD symptom Reduction
• Restores Attention
STRATEGIES
S P E N D I N GTIME I N N A T U R A LENVIRONMENTS
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AN INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNIT Y IS ONE POPUL ATED BY MULTIPLE GENERATIONS AND MAY HAVE AMENITIES, AREAS, AND SERVICES DESIGNATED FOR SPECIFIC GENERATIONS OR FACILITATE INTERGENERATIONAL INTERACTIONS.
- U r b a n L a n d I n s t i t u t e
MULTI-GENERATIONALISM / INTERGENERATIONALISM
STRATEGIES
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MULTI-GENERATIONALISM / INTERGENERATIONALISM
STRATEGIES
Design and staff parks to foster intergenerational interaction, and the improved health outcomes that come with it.
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STRATEGIES
• Trails and Sidewalks for Walking
• Community Gardens
• Multi-Purpose Fields
• Dog Parks
• Picnic Areas
• Fishing Ponds
• Natural Education Areas
MULTI-GENERATIONALISM / INTERGENERATIONALISM
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STRATEGIES
“OLDER ADULTS CAN DECREASE THEIR RISK OF DISABILIT Y AND INCREASE THEIR LIKELIHOOD OF MAINTAINING INDEPENDENCE BY 41 PERCENT BY PARTICIPATING IN A WALKING EXERCISE PROGRAM, ACCORDING TO A UNIVERSIT Y OF GEORGIA STUDY.”
- J o u r n a l o f G e r i a t r i c P h y s i c a l T h e r a p y , U n i v e r s i t y o f G e o r g i a
MULTI-GENERATIONALISM / INTERGENERATIONALISM
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“DESPITE EVIDENCE TO THE CONTRARY, AMERICANS DO NOT FEEL LIKE THE UNITED STATES IS BECOMING A SAFER PLACE.“
- T h e C h a p m a n U n i v e r s i t y S u r v e y o n A m e r i c a n F e a r s
CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED)
STRATEGIES
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CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED)
STRATEGIES
• Address Public Perception of Park Safety with Unobtrusive Design
• Natural Surveillance-Increase Visibility
• Natural Access Control-Define Property and Control Circulation
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CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED)
STRATEGIES
• Territorial Reinforcement- Define Spaces & Create Ownership
• Maintenance- Foster a Positive Image & Reduce Fear
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WITH MORE CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT IN THEIR DESIGN, MAINTENANCE, PROGRAMMING AND USE, CIT Y PARKS CAN ACHIEVE THEIR TRUE POTENTIAL AS THE CENTERS OF THEIR COMMUNITIES.
- P r o j e c t f o r P u b l i c S p a c e s
CONNECTIVITY + COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
Public involvement in park design can result in context and culturally responsive solutions, bring community members together, improve political conditions, and establish emotional connections to the facility.
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Continued public involvement in programming, safety monitoring and maintenance can reinforce feelings of community and altruism.
CONNECTIVITY + COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
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A viable option for creating and renovating public spaces to further community and economic development goals - when it is just not getting done.
PUBLIC + PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
STRATEGIES
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WHEN PEOPLE SAY THAT THEIR NEIGHBORHOOD L ACKS A SENSE OF COMMUNIT Y, THIS IS WHAT THEY MEAN. THEY FEEL THAT THERE IS NO WAY FOR THEM TO PARTICIPATE IN THEIR PUBLIC REALM, WHETHER AS USERS, AS VOLUNTEERS,OR AS FINANCIAL PARTNERS.
- P r o j e c t f o r P u b l i c S p a c e s
PUBLIC + PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
STRATEGIES
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• Identify/create the private partner entity
• Establish a formal partnership policy:(Intent, key duties, best practices, renewal date)
• Establish ground rules on funding: (Commitment of public funds and use of private funds)
• Establish a policy for public participation and oversight
• Require accountability with metrics and transparency
PUBLIC + PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
STRATEGIES
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DEVELOPING COMMUNITY SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS
WHAT IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST HEALTH AND WELLNESS ISSUES IN YOUR
COMMUNITY THAT YOU CAN ADDRESS WITH PARK DESIGN AND OPERATIONS?
Issue One
Strategies
Solution /Plan
Implementation PolicyProject Operations
Fundraising
PartnersPublic
CASE STUDY: CNM, ABQ NM
SEDENTARY LIFEST YLE LEADING TO OBESIT Y
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DEVELOPING COMMUNITY SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS
NAME THREE STRATEGIES, ACTIONS OR SOLUTIONS THAT WILL POSITIVELY
ADDRESS THE ISSUE.
CASE STUDY: CNM, ABQ NM
CREATE A WELLNESS PATH FOR STUDENTS, FACULT Y, STAFF AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC
Issue One
Strategies
Solution /Plan
Implementation PolicyProject Operations
Fundraising
PartnersPublic
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DEVELOPING COMMUNITY SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS
WHO CAN YOU PARTNER WITH INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF YOUR COMMUNITY TO HELP MAKE
THIS HAPPEN?
INTELLECTUAL WELLNESS STATION
WELLNESS PATH & TECH LOOP
C U S T O M S H A D E S T R U C T U R E D I R E C T S W A T E R I N T O P L A N T E R
P L A N T S
D E S I G N
CASE STUDY: CNM, ABQ NM
WELLNESS STATION SPONSORSHIPS
Issue One
Strategies
Solution /Plan
Implementation PolicyProject Operations
Fundraising
PartnersPublic
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DEVELOPING COMMUNITY SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS
CAN THE PUBLIC BE INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS
AND BRING LONG TERM VALUE TO THE SOLUTION?
CASE STUDY: CNM, ABQ NM
STEERING COMMITTEE- LEADERSHIP, FACULT Y, STAFF AND STUDENTS
Issue One
Strategies
Solution /Plan
Implementation PolicyProject Operations
Fundraising
PartnersPublic
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SUPPORT
SERVICES/PHYSICAL
PLANT
KEN CHAPPY HALL
STUDENT
RESOURCE CENTER
SCIENCE
LABORATORY
BUILDING
TED CHAVEZ HALL
JS
STUDENT SERVICES
CENTER
MAX SALAZAR
HALL
UN
IVER
SITY
BO
ULE
VAR
D S
E
COAL AVENUE SE
TED CHAVEZ HALL
INTELLECTUAL
EMOTIONAL
PHYSICAL
OCCUPATIONAL
WELLNESS
STATIONS
WELLNESS PATH
& TECH LOOP
I N T E N T
The intent of the wellness path is to provide a safe,
attractive, convenient campus wellness amenity
in a manner that is efficient and well coordinated.
The wellness path has the potential for benefiting
all members of the CNM community by providing
easy, convenient access to a safe, attractive path that
is designed to be used for recreation, fitness and
wellness, as well as for improved campus connectivity.
T H E M A T I C F E A T U R E S
• distance markers along the trail
• themed stations located along the path that are
designed around one dimension of wellness:
intellectual, occupational, environmental, emotional
• signage is located at each station, and exercise
suggestions and tips related to station specific
dimensions of wellness
• plant selections at each station are made based on
their symbolism to specific dimension of wellness
• furnishings include a shade structure, lounge chairs,
picnic table, and seat walls
• music making equipment is included at each of the
four stations
• landscaping is included at strategic locations along
the path to provide shade, improve the appearance
ampus, and help connect Wellness Path
B I K E R O U T E M A R K E R
WHAT IS YOUR PLAN?
DEVELOPING COMMUNITY SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS
Issue One
Strategies
Solution /Plan
Implementation PolicyProject Operations
Fundraising
PartnersPublic
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YouTHANK
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REFERENCES“Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design.” National Crime Prevention Council. Accessed October 2015. http://www.ncpc.org.
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“LEED.” United States Green Building Council. Accessed October 2015. http://www.usgbc.org/leed.
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“Role of Parks and Recreation on Health and Wellness.” National Recreation and Parks Association. Accessed October 2015. http://www.nrpa.org/About-NRPA/Position-Statements/Role-of-Parks-and-Recreation-on-Health-and-Wellness.
San Francisco Department of the Environment. “Pest Management for City Departments.” Accessed October 2015. http://www.sfenvironment.org/article/city-staff/pest-management.
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“The WELL Building Standard.” International WELL Building Institute. Accessed October 2015. http://www.wellcertified.com/.
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