parking guidance systems finding your space by chad snyder texas parking association 2012 march 30,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Parking Guidance SystemsFinding Your Space
By Chad SnyderTexas Parking Association 2012
March 30, 2012
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Agenda:
• Technologies we are used to seeing
• Technologies we are hearing about
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The basics
� Parking Guidance Systems: helps parkers find an available space, and/or return to the space after visiting destination
� Basic types from the user perspective:� Trip Info: reservations, rates, directions and availability info available
via web/apps/GPS systems � Parking Availability Displays (PAD): Dynamic signage� Parking Location Reminders:
� Traditional approaches� Electronic approaches� GPS-based
Photo courtesy TCS Intl
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Guiding Principle:
“The half-life of knowledge in technology is 6 months. Half of what I know sitting here right now will be obsolete in 6 months, that is the speed at which technology moves and why you can never stop learning.”
- blogger known as everyday CIO
If we wait to do this presentation until we “know all” about today’s systems, what we say will no longer be “state of the art”.
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Human Factor…..
No matter how great the system, the benefit of a parking guidance systemultimately relies on these things:
the driver has to see itthe driver has to understand itthe driver has to believe itfinallythe driver has to use it
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Poll of 9000 drivers in Britain sponsored by parking operator NCP
� Average motorist spends more than six days a year circling streets and car parks looking for a spot….over the average life that is nearly a year lost.
� 42% of people will not attempt to park in space if another car is waiting behind them;
� 44% have "lost" their car;� 50% have gone to wrong floor or section to look for car; and � 20% have tried to get into wrong car.
News release Oct 2010
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User Interfaces
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Conventional approaches to remembering where you parked
Photo courtesy
Standard Parking
Static Signs
Numbering
Color Coding
Theme
Musical
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Web-based approaches
� Reliability of counting (more later)� Info before leaving home outdated by time driver reaches
parking� Reservations “waste” spaces, not serving actual customers� Safety issues for en-route information
� San Fran app requires vehicle to be stopped to show data
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Another evolution: additional parking location reminders
� Preprinted reminder cards available at elevators� Kiosk issues printed reminder � At elevator, location stamped on parking ticket� Tie License Plate number to parking ticket at entry� Add LPR cameras at
� Same points as ramp/zone counts� At end of every aisle� Every stall
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Cost benefit of LPR primarily for lost cars?
� How often do patrons lose cars?� How often does patron ask for help?� How much would LPR system reduce staff times?
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Still in infancy….Navigation
� GPS (exterior) /WIFI (interior)� To available parking� Parking to destinations� Back to parking facility, floor or parking stall
� Of course, parkers have to download and use� As with any app, lots of marketing extras/benefits
� Advertising/coupons of sales/specials at stores in malls� Frequent visitor/parker program for those that download
� E-mail lists for construction, tips etc.� Rewards, coupons discounts
Courtesy Wifarer
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Parking Availability Displays
By facility By floor/zone
By aisle By space
Photo courtesy TCS Intl
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Facility Management Information
Back of house….
Photo courtesy
ParkHelp
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As often the case with technology, Europe way ahead of US re PGS
� Aachen, Germany (installed over 25 years ago)� Used most by those who live farthest and/or come to CBD least often.� Survey:
� 46% used PGS to confirm availability of spaces.� Of those not able to park at desired location, 56% used to find other pkg
� Cologne, Germany� 42% indicated used PGS most of the time or always� Of non-users, 40% had preferred parking location, and 35% indicated that they
always find a stall.� Frankfurt, Germany
� Survey found that about 80% of drivers were aware of the PGS� 20% used system to find parking
Photo courtesy
Dambach
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Studies found #1 benefit is improving confidence that parking will be available� San Francisco: PGS on freeways increased parking/use of transit� Detroit Airport: 50% of off-airport parkers choose it due to lack of PGS on
freeways� St Paul MN: 17 facilities in PGS system had 83% occupancy during
event vs to 62% occupancy in 25 facilities that didn’t participate� Milwaukee: implementation of web-based pre-trip parking info
� In one year, � persons who said parking availability prevented them from visiting downtown
reduced by 10% � Increased perception that downtown Milwaukee was improving as place to
visit from 54% to 68% --25% improvement!� Montgomery County MD Metro: PGS caused people to change habits
(e.g. left home later), resulting in 20% drop in arrivals before 8 AM. Also increased transit use slightly. � 1/3 of commuters using one lot indicated that they didn’t even know it
existed before PGS
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ISG also reduces cruising within garages and customer frustration
� Survey: Baltimore Washington Int’l (BWI) vs other DC airports
� ISG also reduced illegal parking in fire lanes and other no-parking areas in parking facilities
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So why aren’t they… everywhere?
� Reliability…specifically related to counting technologies� Cost
� Capital� Operating� Maintenance
� Cost-benefit
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Parking Guidance Systems ISG Features
� Counting� Management� Dynamic Signage� Space Sensors
Photo courtesy of ParkHelp
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Accuracy is critical!Lack of accuracy at one facility impacts believability at that facility AND at others in area.
9 and 8 are the only floors that show same count, out of 10!
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Why do you have to recalibrate regularly?
Count Error for Every 100 stallsTurnoverPk Day
Day Week Day Week Hour WeekAirport Hourly 10 25 125 15 75 1 *Retail/Hospital 5 13 63 8 38 1 *Mixed Use 3 8 38 5 23 1 *Offi ce 1.2 3 15 2 9 1 *Airport Daily 0.75 2 9 1 6 1 *Airport Economy 0.2 1 3 0 2 1 ** ISG error is corrected nearly every time stall turns over if well maintainedAssumed 50% of facility/floor count errors cancel each other out
95% 97% 99%Facility/Floor Loops Facility/Floor Sonar ISG
Statistics could be even worse for traditional loop detectors
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Average/year over at least five years� Parking Access and Revenue Controls: ~10% of initial cost� PGS: ~ 7% of initial cost
Maintenance Contract Costs
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Lessons from the field:anything other than ISG
� Loop detectors NOT ACCURATE ENOUGH for ramp/zone counts� Tailgating, speed, high axles, motorcycles vs pickup trucks� Use higher quality detectors; specify 97% accuracy and TEST� Over time, even with “self-tuning”, accuracy will decline unless retuned
� Very difficult to count parking aisles, especially 90 deg� With two-way traffic, MUST assure
cars drive over loops/under bars
Photo courtesy TCS Int’l
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Lessons from the field: ISG sonar sensor mounting varies by conditions
� Some ultrasonic sensors need to be centered over stalls� Still may not “see” pickup beds, convertibles, motorcycles, smart cars
� Red/green lights best at end of stalls
Photo courtesy McClain
Photo courtesy ParkHelp
Photo courtesy TCS Intl
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Lessons from the field: ISG
Without end aisle signs� Patrons stop and peer down aisles to see if
there are green lights� Congestion at critical points and rear end
accidents?� At some point, aisles are too long to peer down� Will speeds increase to race to the green light?
Photo courtesy ParkHelp
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Lessons from the field: ISG
� Market is being flooded by new vendors� Experience and system details matter� KNOW if you are a beta test site
� Wireless MAY help bring cost down needs to be proven
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Manufacturer marketing claims….
� BIG CAVEAT: Yet to see study for most of these claims that is reliable across wide cross section of circumstances
� Increase in PR? � Yes
� If first in market, will likely get good press. � But if everybody does it, is there a benefit to PR
� Decrease in carbon emissions? � Sure some but > 50% as some have claimed?
� Only reduces inbound travel� May only help peak hours, peak days
� Integration through I/O modules� Barriers, lighting, etc...
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More claims
� Increase in parked cars in peak hours?� Are you turning cars away now? Do you close floors/facilities and divert
to other parking when 90-95% full?� Do people not come on peak days/hour that could be accommodated?
� Come another time of day which actually is good?� Some reduction in peak hour “parking demand” due to cars driving
around less, parking sooner. � Bigger impact with shorter average stay…e.g., grocery.� Will your parker stay longer in destination or same length of time?
� How often are peak, peak hours when fills to maximum?
2 hours per day? 2 hours per week?
2 hours per Saturday in December?
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But….
� Does it really give you a competitive advantage?� Definitely increases customer service perspective
� Once multiple places have it, advantage dissipates
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More claims• Increase in revenue:
– Airport had purportedly 10% increased revenue due to:• More parkers parking on airport instead of off airport• People had more time in terminal, bought more stuff
– Other claims +2-5%
Decrease in operating costs? Yes– Need less people directing traffic at peak hours/days– Counting is more accurate, less time/frequency to recalibrate
• Management info– Particularly where no revenue controls– Used data to sell tenant that particular mall entrance is high traffic
location
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Advantages…specifically for ISG with LPR
� Finding your vehicle� Security� Knows when object in space is not a car� Easier maintenance; all equipment centered over aisle� Enforce parking assignments without nested gates� Color coding for specific spaces: reserved, accessible, etc…� Can charge different rates without differently encoded tickets
� 15 minute stalls � Differential rates for roof parking from other floors� Differential rates for closest parking on a big floor� Different rates for different types of vehicles
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But...
� No technology can solve bad parking functionality and parking layout.� More complicated equates to more costly and less
benefit� ISG needs to be implemented with a layout that is
complementary
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Use dead ends or U loops for individual space monitoring
• Dead ends gain 36 stalls, +12%
• U loops gain 8 stalls +2.5%
“Dead End”
“U Loops” But how do you program and sign this???
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And our biggest concern….disturbing reports of PGS systems
� Once installed it needs to be maintained� Not recalibrated regularly� Service and support
� Software on unsecured server corrupted by malware� Communications compromised� Turned off
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Conclusions, specifically for ISG
� Can be a benefit with the right customer base and garage design� More installations in US� One of biggest benefits is more accurate counting by floor/zones
with less frequent recalibration than loops� Another benefit is more accurate information for management.
� But have to USE IT….� Perception that it helps if not fixes bad function is wrong
� The more complicated the circulation pattern � The more it costs� The less it helps parkers find a space
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This consultant’s opinionno matter what type PGS
� Parking availability displays should showstalls available not simply “open”� Parkers will make better decisions� Can override to “full” manually when appropriate
� Floor by floor display at entry only not enough Use at or before major decision pointsWith ISG use end aisle signs at key points
� ISG has many benefits if you can afford it� But almost impossible to show dollar ROI
� TEST to confirm accuracy during installation� COMMIT to
� Calibrating regularly� Maintenance
� USE it to manage parking!
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Questions?