parkinsons megan raven_phm1810
TRANSCRIPT
By:Megan Foster
and Raven Leonard
What is Parkinson’s Disease
• Motor system disorder• Progressive
degenerative disorder• Imbalance of the
neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and dopamine in the brain
Acetylcholine Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Normal balance (Average Joe)
Parkinson’s Disease(Michael J. Fox)
Dopamine imbalance exhibited in Parkinson’s Disease
5 Stages of Parkinson’s Disease
• Stage 1 – Mild symptoms that inconvenience day to day tasks.
• Stage 2 – Bilateral symptoms, affecting both limbs on both sides of the body.
• Stage 3 – Severe symptoms.• Stage 4 – Severe symptoms progress.• Stage 5 - Complete immobility
Major Symptoms
Treatment of Parkinson’s
• Currently there is no cure.• There is a wide variety of medications on the
market use to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease.
Drugs Used to Treat Parkinson’sDopaminergic Drugs
Generic Name Brand Name Route Pharmacokinetics regarding Parkinson’s Disease
Amantadine HCl Symmetrel PO Dopamine agonist- increases the amt. of dopamine in brain
Bromocriptine mesylate
Parlodel PO Dopamine receptor stimulant- encourages the release of dopamine
Carbidopa-levodopa
Sinemet PO Enters the brain, then converted to dopamine
Pergolide myselate Permax PO Produces the same effects as dopamine
Pramipexole Mirapex PO Stimulates dopamine receptors
Ropinirole HCl Requip PO Inhibits nerve responses
Selegiline HCl Carbex, Eldepryl PO Increases dopaminergic activity
Tolcapone Tasmar PO Selective inhibitor- slows the metabolism of levodopa, prolonging its effects
Parkinson’s Disease Research
• NINDS is using animal models to study the progression of Parkinson’s.
• NINDS is searching for the cause of Parkinson’s, such as; environmental factors, (i.e. toxins) and genetic factors.
Differences between Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s
• Onset late in life• Neurodegenerative
diseases• Progressive
• Movement disorder
• Loss of dopamine producing neurons
• Memory disorder• Acetylcholine
progressively diminishes overtime
Acetylcholine Dopamine
Acetylcholine
DopamineNormal balance (Average Joe)
Alzheimer’s Disease(Ronald Regan)
Acetylcholine imbalance exhibited in Alzheimer’s Disease
Summary
Parkinson’s disease mainly affects the elderly, but can occur at any age. The main cause results from gradual degeneration of nerve cells in the portion of the midbrain that controls motor skills. Early signs are likely to be barely noticeable, such as: weakness or stiffness of limbs or a trembling of the hands when they are at rest. This disease is more commonly seen in men than in women, and it is not directly life threatening.
References• NINDS Parkinson's Disease Information Page. (n.d.). Parkinson's Disease Information
Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Retrieved October 30, 2013, from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/parkinsons_disease/parkinsons_disease.htm
• Stages of Parkinson's: Stages 1-5 Symptoms. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved October 30, 2013, from http://www.webmd.com/parkinsons-disease/guide/parkinsons-stages
• Moini, Jahangir. "Drug Therapy for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease." Fundamental Pharmacology for Pharmacy Technicians. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning, 2013. 106-16. Print.
• Parkinson's Disease/Parkinsonism Causes, Age, and More. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved October 30, 2013, from http://www.webmd.com/parkinsons-disease/guide/understanding-parkinsons-disease-basics
• Parkinson's Disease Symptoms. (n.d.). The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research. Retrieved November 1, 2013, from https://www.michaeljfox.org/understanding-parkinsons/living-with-pd/topic.php?symptoms