parks and plates ©2005 robert j. lillie ancient collisional mountain range
TRANSCRIPT
Collision Overview
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
ANCIENT COLLISIONAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
ANCIENT COLLISIONAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
ANCIENT COLLISIONAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
ANCIENT COLLISIONAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
Foreland Basin
Mis
siss
ipp
i R
iver
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
ANCIENT COLLISIONAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
Soft vs. Hard Collisions
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Soft vs. Hard Collisions
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
DCM Sediments
Soft vs. Hard Collisions
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Accretionary Wedge
Soft vs. Hard Collisions
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Soft vs. Hard Collisions
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Soft vs. Hard Collisions
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Soft vs. Hard Collisions
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Ouachita Mountains,Arkansas
Soft Collision
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Rob
ert J
. Lil l
i e
Alps,Switzerland
Hard Collision
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Rob
ert J
. Lil l
i eR
ober
t J. L
il li e
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Himalayas, India/Tibet
Very High Mountains During Collision
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Brooks Range Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Alaska
Moderate Height after some Erosion and Rebound
Appalachian Mountains Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Blue Ridge Parkway, North Carolina
Lower Mountains after Extensive Erosion
High-Grade Metamorphic Rocks
Rob
ert J
. Lil l
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ober
t J. L
il li e
Rob
ert J
. Lil l
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Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT OF APPALACHIAN
MOUNTAINS
Iapetus Ocean Opens
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT OF APPALACHIAN
MOUNTAINS
Iapetus Ocean Closes
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT OF APPALACHIAN
MOUNTAINS
Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico Ocean
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT OF APPALACHIAN
MOUNTAINS
Tectonic Evolution of Southern Appalachian Mountains
Pannotia Rifts Apart
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
North America Gondwanaland
Iapetus Ocean Opens
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Tectonic Evolution of Southern Appalachian Mountains
Iapetus Ocean Closes During Subduction
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Tectonic Evolution of Southern Appalachian Mountains
Continents Collide, Forming Pangea
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Tectonic Evolution of Southern Appalachian Mountains
Atlantic Ocean Opens
Note Tectonic Provinces of Southern Appalachians
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Tectonic Evolution of Southern Appalachian Mountains
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
ANCIENT COLLISIONAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
ANCIENT COLLISIONAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
Line of Tectonic Cross Section
What do the Appalachians look like below the surface?
Mar
shak
, EA
RT
H (
Nor
ton,
200
5)
Southern Appalachian Mountains
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Mar
shak
, EA
RT
H (
Nor
ton,
200
5)
Southern Appalachian Mountains
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
The VALLEY AND RIDGE PROVINCE is a fold and thrust belt.
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
The VALLEY AND RIDGE PROVINCE is a fold and thrust belt.
Compression folds the sedimentary
layers, like pushing on a rug.
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
The VALLEY AND RIDGE PROVINCE is a fold and thrust belt.
Compression also breaks and shoves
the rock layers along thrust faults.
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
The VALLEY AND RIDGE PROVINCE is a fold and thrust belt.
The region has numerous folds
and thrust faults.
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Layers also tilt (“plunge”), eroding
to V-shaped patterns.
The VALLEY AND RIDGE PROVINCE is a fold and thrust belt.
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
NA
SA
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Satellite photos reveal numerous
plunging anticlines and synclines.
The VALLEY AND RIDGE PROVINCE is a fold and thrust belt.
NA
SA
Valley and Ridge Province,
Pennsylvania
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Plunging Anticlines and Synclines
Marshak, EARTH (Norton, 2005)
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
The Valley and Ridge Province is a classic FOLD AND THRUST BELT
Marshak, EARTH (Norton, 2005)
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
The Valley and Ridge Province is a classic FOLD AND THRUST BELT
Folds Thrust Faults
Mar
shak
, EA
RT
H (
Nor
ton,
200
5)
Southern Appalachian Mountains
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Mar
shak
, EA
RT
H (
Nor
ton,
200
5)
Southern Appalachian Mountains
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Mar
shak
, EA
RT
H (
Nor
ton,
200
5)
Southern Appalachian Mountains
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Mar
shak
, EA
RT
H (
Nor
ton,
200
5)
Southern Appalachian Mountains
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Mar
shak
, EA
RT
H (
Nor
ton,
200
5)
Southern Appalachian Mountains
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Mar
shak
, EA
RT
H (
Nor
ton,
200
5)
Southern Appalachian Mountains
Parks and Plates©2005 Robert J. Lillie