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Parks & Recreation

Parks & Recreation in Westwood Today

Parks and Open Space Overview

There are a total of approximately 23 acres of parkland in Westwood serving a population of

almost 17,000 residents. This results in Westwood having fewer than 1.5 acres of parkland per

1,000 residents (see Figure 1). This is much less than Denver as a whole, which has an average

of 9.3 acres of parkland per 1,000 people (TPL, 2014), and meets the City’s goal of 8 to 10 acres

of parkland per 1,000 residents (The Game Plan, DPR, 2003). Meeting the minimum goal in

Westwood would require an additional 112 acres of parkland, which is unlikely given that most

of Westwood’s land area is developed as existing residential and neighborhood commercial

businesses.

Summary of Key Findings

Westwood has much less parkland per capita than Denver as a whole, and falls far short of the

City’s minimum goal for parkland as expressed in Denver’s Parks and Recreation master plan.

Westwood has no City recreational centers within the neighborhood. For most residents, the

nearest recreational centers are several miles away. Neighborhood recreational facilities are

limited in number and opportunity.

How the Neighborhood Plans Can Improve Parks and Recreation

Increased access to existing parks and open spaces, improved safety in parks, the creation of additional

parks, open spaces and recreational facilities along with more programming, could increase recreational

participation by Westwood neighborhood residents. This in turn may increase residents’ physical activity

levels and contribute to reductions in obesity and other chronic diseases.

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Figure 1. Acres of parkland per 1,000 people in Denver.

Source: Denver Parks & Recreation, The Game Plan, 2003.

As Figure 2 shows, neighborhood parks include Westwood Park in the southwest corner, Cuatro

Vientos (Four Winds) Park adjacent to Alameda Avenue., and the unnamed pocket park at

Kentucky Avenue and Knox Court. It also includes the open space provided by several utility

easements along and north of West Tennessee Avenue, as well as the section of Weir Gulch Park

located in the northwest area of the neighborhood. The City recently obtained a small amount

of land to develop into a pocket park at the corner of Kentucky Avenue and Irving Street, just

east of the Kentucky and Knox Court park. In addition, while not within the boundaries of the

Westwood neighborhood, Garfield Lake Park abuts the neighborhood to the South and provides

additional recreational opportunities.

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Figure 2. Existing Parks and Play areas in Westwood

During the HIA process, many Westwood residents voiced their desire for additional green

space and recreational opportunities in their neighborhood. They said how important it is to

have gathering spaces for families to picnic or host celebrations, an important part of Hispanic

family culture. They also stressed the need for facilities that serve multigenerational family

members, such as restrooms and water fountains, which the current parks lack. Shade was also

cited as an important amenity for park use. Finally, some residents have stated their concerns

around safety in the existing parks due to illegal activities such as drug use and vandalism.

The following comments were offered by attendees at recent community meetings for the

neighborhood planning process when asked about park conditions

Too few! Need more parks, no playing fields, more biking/walking trails, especially if they

connect to important destinations

Not enough open spaces like parks

They are small and there is not enough room

Lack of good play areas and safe parks

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Most frequent thing to do at the park is to picnic and have a BBQ

People love their parks and want to be there as long as they feel safe

Dark, no bathrooms, and not enough trees to give shade

At night many people using drugs in the parks

There is not enough lighting (Source: Westwood Neighborhood Plan meeting, 2/26/15; Westwood Unidos community meeting, 4/9/15):

Westwood Park

Westwood Park is located in the southwestern quadrant of the neighborhood, just west of

Morrison Road. The park contains a ballfield, a basketball court, a playground and picnic tables.

The park is the largest in the neighborhood – about 5 acres – but is relatively hidden behind

residences and lacks a defining entrance. Residents have stated they appreciate its large

greenspace, but wish the amenities were updated and additional amenities were added, such as

drinking fountains and bathrooms. Some have expressed safety concerns because its secluded

location gives the perception of danger.

Photos: Westwood Park

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Cuatro Vientos Park

Cuatro Vientos (Four Winds) Park is a new park built in 2014, located along Alameda Avenue on

the northern boundary of the neighborhood. It is slightly more than 1 acre in size and contains

a playground, a water play feature, turf field, and a shade structure. Residents have expressed

their appreciation for the new facility and wished there were more spaces like it in the

neighborhood.

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Photo: Cuatro Vientos (Four Winds) Park

The unnamed pocket park at Kentucky and Knox Court is located in the southeastern quadrant

of Westwood. It is less than one-half acre in size and contains a playground and a picnic shelter.

It provides additional park space but has limited amenities.

The Xcel utility easement park areas are also located in the southeastern quadrant of the

Westwood neighborhood, along and just north of Tennessee Avenue. They offer greenspace

and additional walking or biking connections through parts of the neighborhood, but contain

little in the way of park amenities (e.g., there are several park benches in the West Ford Place

park). The utility easements provide a corridor for a high-voltage electrical transmission line, so

the greenspace is dotted with the occasional steel electrical tower and contains overhead

transmission lines. In an HIA scoping meeting in the neighborhood, one person stated the

overhead power lines make the greenspace feel unsafe (Source: Westwood HIA Workshop, 3-26-15).

The easement park areas appear to be underutilized.

(insert photo?)

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The high-voltage electrical transmission lines continue west through the southwestern portion

of the neighborhood, transecting the edge of Westwood Park. The utility easement parks do

not currently offer a continuous connection across the southern edge of the neighborhood.

The Weir Gulch Park is located in the northwest part of the neighborhood and contains an urban

trail with associated natural areas that wind along the waterway. As well as providing a

recreational amenity, the Gulch also serves as a neighborhood stormwater conveyance channel.

The park and trail continue north out of the neighborhood, where the trail eventually connects

to the South Platte River trail.

In the Westwood neighborhood, some of the Weir Gulch Park is narrow strips of land adjacent

to a 3-sided concrete box culvert that is bordered by a chain link fence. Here, the pedestrian

trail is constrained between the chain link fence and adjoining residential yards. The fences and

culvert are the frequent target of graffiti, and residents have expressed safety concerns stating it

is a gang hideout because of the lack of surveillance. Wayfinding can also be a challenge on

some parts of the trail, as it meanders somewhat disconnected through the neighborhood. The

trail appears to be underutilized. However, it offers significant opportunity as a neighborhood

greenspace, and provides an important connection to the regional trail system. Weir Gulch will

be studied for improvements beginning in 2016 as part of the “Urban Waterways Restoration

Project”, a partnership with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Urban Drainage and the City and

County of Denver.

Photo: Section of Weir Gulch Park Trail in Westwood

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Although not in the neighborhood, Garfield Lake Park is immediately adjacent to the southern

boundary across Mississippi Avenue, and provides approximately another 29 acres of parkland, in

the Mar Lee neighborhood. Amenities include an outdoor pool, picnic tables, playground

equipment, basketball courts, a futsol court, a ball field, as well as walking paths and the lake, with

the opportunity to fish. Residents have expressed their appreciation for its large greenspace,

scenic beauty and recreational opportunities. It is convenient for residents in the southern part

of the neighborhood only.

Recreation Facilities

City Recreation Centers

There are no City recreation centers within Westwood. The nearest City recreation center is the

Barnum Recreation (Rec) Center which is nearly a mile from the northern boundary of the

neighborhood. Also nearby, is the Athmar Rec Center, which is more than a mile from the

southeastern border of the neighborhood, and the Harvey Park Rec Center, which is about 1.5

miles from the Southern neighborhood boundary. Including distances within Westwood, most

neighborhood residents need to travel two miles, or more, to the nearest City recreation facility.

Transit options are available for some residents, but not convenient for all.

All three of the mentioned nearby recreation facilities have gymnasiums, exercise equipment

and programed activities. However, only the Athmar Rec Center has an indoor swimming pool,

while the Barnum and Harvey Park Rec Centers offer only outdoor swimming in the summer.

Residents have repeatedly expressed their desire for additional recreational facilities in the

neighborhood. For example, following are several comments received at community meetings

for the neighborhood planning process (Source: Westwood community workshops, Feb, 26, 2015,

April 10, 2015):

Not enough place(s) to work out…

Not enough parks and no recreation center

No recreation center

Not enough places for physical activity

No places to exercise

We want a pool to exercise in

Similarly, at an HIA scoping meeting this spring, a parent stated the need for active recreational

programing for children, saying neighborhood youth require more supervised activities to keep

them out of trouble, to keep them motivated, help them stay off drugs and out of gangs

(Neighborhood meeting, 3/26/15). Westwood community leaders recently sent a formal letter to

the Denver Mayor, the Mayor’s Cabinet and Denver City Council, requesting a recreation center

be built in the neighborhood (Source: Westwood Unidos, 2015).

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Denver Parks and Recreation (DPR) master plan acknowledges the neighborhood conditions,

stating “…by measures of softball and baseball fields, soccer and multiuse fields, and areas of

recreation facility need, Westwood scores among the lowest in the City for adequate parks and

recreation per population” (DPR 2003), see Figure 3..

Figure 3. Areas of Recreation Facility Need

Source: Denver Parks & Recreation, The Game Plan, 2003.

The cost of recreation facility user fees is an additional barrier for Westwood residents, as

expressed in an April meeting in the community (Meeting at Westwood Unidos, Apr 9, 2015):

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“… [t]he pool at Athmar Recreation Center… is the closest, but it costs $380/year and I

can’t afford that… My doctor told me to do water aerobics for my back pain but I can’t

afford it …. If we take our kids they can use the pool but we can’t afford to swim with

them.”

As noted, 44% of children in the Westwood neighborhood live in poverty, higher than 29% of

Denver children overall. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2009-2013, 2014).

Non-City-owned Recreation Facilities

Within the neighborhood are several non-City operated recreational facilities. The SouthWest

Improvement Council (SWIC), in the southern part of Westwood, has a gymnasium in its

community center that offers programed activities, but has limited hours of operation when it is

open to the public.

The Denver Indian Center is located in the west central part of the neighborhood, in an old

school building that contains a gymnasium. Because of the nature of their mission, most of their

programming and outreach is focused on Native Americans, and so does not draw widely from

the immediate neighborhood.

The Owen Boys and Girls Club in the southeastern quadrant of the neighborhood has a multiuse

sports field and offers a variety of youth activities associated with its Teen Center, which includes

a technology lab, half-court gymnasium and recreation area. The programs appear to be highly

valued and facilities are well utilized. As implied by their name, the programs are limited to

youth.

Denver Public School sites

In addition, there are a number of playgrounds and ball fields associated with Denver Public

Schools in the Westwood neighborhood. These include Knapp Elementary in the northwest,

Munroe Elementary in the northeast, Castro Elementary in the southeast, as well as Pascual

LeDoux Academy and the adjoining Kepner Middle School, also in the southeast. These provide

large areas of greenspace, outdoor basketball courts and ball fields, as well as play structures

aimed at various ages of youth. Several residents stated they enjoy visiting the school facilities

after school hours, but sometimes don’t feel welcome and complained the school grounds close

too early in the evening. Also, parents expressed complaints for safety, saying older kids

sometimes dominated the use of facilities (e.g., the basketball courts) and were smoking

marijuana in proximity to the younger kids (Westwood Unidos Safety Team meeting, 10/26/15).

How Parks & Recreation Affect Health

The overall health benefits of access to and use of parks and recreation for physical activity are

well known in research literature. Highlights include:

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Physical activity reduces obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, among other

chronic health concerns. Physical activity in a park or recreation facility also builds social

cohesion, allows for the enjoyment of a natural landscape, and can benefit mental health

as well.

Proximity to parks is associated with higher levels of park use and physical activity

among a variety of populations, particularly youth, as shown by recent studies (ALR,

2010). A study of 1318 residents in Los Angeles concluded people who live closer to

parks are more likely to visit parks and be more physically active (Cohen and McKenzie,

et al., 2007). Similarly, having more parks and more park area (e.g., acreage) within a

community is associated with higher levels of physical activity (ALR, 2010). One study

showed children who live near parks are more likely to walk to school or for leisure

(AHA,2009).

Not surprisingly, park features and programming are also important. When visiting

parks, people tend to be more physically active on trails, at playgrounds and at sports

facilities. Organized park programs and supervision may increase use of parks and

playgrounds and may increase physical activity, particularly among youth (ALR, 2010). In

addition, access to parks and green space has been shown to have a positive effect on

mental health and psychological wellbeing (e.g., NRPA 2010).

The American Public Health Association (APHA, 2013) stated: “…Children with access to

safe green spaces, park playgrounds, and recreational facilities are more likely to be

physically active and have a healthy weight than those who lack these resources .”

and,

“People of all ages and abilities enjoy higher levels of health and wellbeing when they

have nature nearby in parks, gardens, greenways, naturalized schoolyards and

playgrounds, and natural landscaping around homes and workplaces.”

A local health advocate echoed these sentiments:

“We support (need) more recreational opportunities for children in neighborhoods

where childhood obesity is high…” (Senator Irene Aguilar, 2015)

Joint use agreements (also called “shared use” or “community use” agreements) are a

nationally-recognized tool to increase opportunities for children and adults to be more

physically active through access to safe conveniently located and inviting places to

exercise and play. Two or more entities – usually a school and a city or private

organization – making a formal agreement for shared use of indoor or outdoor space

like gyms, athletic fields and playgrounds. Joint use agreements build upon assets a

community already has, since sharing existing space is cheaper and more efficient than

duplicating the same facilities in a community. (Source: www.jointuse.org) The concept is to

share resources to keep costs down and keep communities healthy.

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Joint use agreements are in use in over 150 school districts around the nation. They can

be formal or informal, but formal written agreements offer increased protections for

both the facility and the community group using the facility. A formal agreement can

also help prevent problems related to maintenance, operations, liability, or ownership.

Prediction: How the Neighborhood Plan Can Affect Parks & Recreation

Increased access to existing parks and open spaces, improved safety, the creation of additional

parks, open spaces and recreational facilities along with more programming, could increase

recreational participation by Westwood neighborhood residents. This in turn may increase

residents’ physical activity levels and contribute to reductions in obesity, cardiovascular disease,

and stress. Recreational opportunities are particularly important for Westwood because of the

large percentage of children in the population, and because its residents are at an increased risk

of being overweight or obese.

(“What’s Working In Westwood” call out box)

Gulch Master Plan – Completed in 2009 by City of Denver and partners, as a visioning

document for the City’s Gulch park system, including enhancements to drainage,

connectivity, habitat and water quality, as well as recreational opportunities.

2016 Weir Gulch Study – In conjunction with the US Army Corps of Engineers, the City

of Denver is currently undertaking a study of Weir Gulch to consider ecosystem

restoration, with likely improvements to the recreational experience for trail users in

the Westwood neighborhood.

Westwood Park Conceptual Plan – With community partners, the City of Denver has

undertaken a planning effort for the replacement of the existing playground and walks,

as well as the addition of new fitness equipment, expected in 2016.

New Pocket Park – the City of Denver recently obtained a small parcel of land to develop

into a pocket park at the corner of Kentucky Avenue and Irving Street.

Westwood Unidos, in concert with Healthy Places Westwood, is constructing a new

learning and fitness facility along Morrison Road in the center of the neighborhood that

will offer programmed activities, expected 2016.

Recommendations to Improve Parks & Recreation

Neighborhood Plan Other City Plans/Policies/Projects

B.1

Increase number and acreage of parks

(including pocket parks and plazas) and

open space corridors through available

means such as property acquisition, public

B.1.a

Pursue joint use agreements with interested

partners including Denver Public Schools to

expand community recreational access to open

space and other facilities.

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or private easements, joint use agreements,

etc.

B.2

Increase connectivity between parks and

open space corridors and to key destinations

through available means such as property

acquisition, public or private easements,

rights-of-way, etc.

B.2.a

Ensure continued free use of parks for exercise

classes by groups that serve Denver residents in

neighborhoods with high health disparities.

B.3

Improve access and visibility to parks and

open space corridors through available

means such as property acquisition, public

or private easements, joint use agreements,

wayfinding signage, etc.

B.3.a

Explore reduced-cost admission to recreation

centers and pools for parents that accompany

children who currently have free access to these

facilities.

B.4

Improve amenities in parks and open space

corridors – such as pedestrian and bike

facilities, benches, water fountains, shade,

restrooms, lighting – to create safe,

attractive multigenerational gathering areas.

B.4.a

Analyze the City’s current vendor policies that

restrict food and beverage sales in parks and

explore the creation of more opportunities for

food vending in parks to promote comfort and

extended use by park patrons.

B.5

Identify opportunities to enhance or

redevelop existing recreation or community

space – through available means such as

joint use agreements or other partnerships –

and enhance recreation programming to

meet residents’ needs.

B.5.a

Increase recreational programming for all ages

and interests, particularly children and youth at

schools, community centers and recreation

centers.

References

Aguilar, Irene. Colorado State Senator and Be Healthy Denver Board Member, Be Healthy

Denver Advisory Council Meeting, January 23, 2015.

Active Living Research (ALR), 2010. Parks, Playgrounds and Active Living: Research Synthesis.

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. February.

Active Living Research (ALR), 2011. Recreation Facilities, Parks, Trails, Playgrounds, and Open

Space - Research Summary Slides. November. Accessed at

http://activelivingresearch.org/recreation-facilities-parks-trails-playgrounds-and-open-space-

research-summary-slides

American Heart Association (AHA), 2009. Children living near green spaces are more active.

News release, March 12. Cited in ALR, 2011.

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American Public Health Association (APHA), 2013. Improving Health and Wellness through

Access to Nature. Policy Statement 20137. November 5.

Cohen DA and TL McKenzie, et al., 2007. Contribution of public parks to physical activity.

American Journal of Public Health, 97(3):509-514. Cited in ALR, 2011.

Denver Parks and Recreation (DPR), 2003. The Game Plan: creating a strategy for our future.

Supplement to the Denver Comprehensive Plan 2000. April 21.

NRPA, 2010. National Recreation and Park Association report…

Trust for Public Lands (TPL), 2014. City Park Facts Report. The Trust for Public Lands, Center for

City Park Excellence. February. Accessed at https://www.tpl.org/2014-city-park-facts.