parshiot nitzavim -vayelech edited

25
Parshiot Nitzavim โ€“V ayelech Rabbi Ari Kahn A Scholar Gone As tray ืœ ืง ืจ ืค ื ื™ ืจ ื‘ ื“ ( ืš ื• ืฆ ืž ื™ ื› ื  ื ืจ ืฉ ืœ ื› ืœ ืง ื‘ ืช ืข ืž ืฉ ืš ื™ ื” ืœ ' ื” ื“ ืข ืช ื‘ ืฉ )ื‘ : ืš ืฉ ืค ื  ืœ ื›ื‘ื• ืš ื‘ ื‘ ืœืœ ื› ืš ื™ ื ื‘ ื”ื•ืช ื ื”And you shall return to the Almighty your God, and shall obey His voice according to all that I command you this day, you and your c hildren, with all your heart, and with all your soul; Dvarim 30:2 One of the axioms of Judaism is the belief in the possibility of spiritual rehabilitation. No matter how mired in sin, man can lift himself up and return to God. ย The T almud tells of one man who believed that he could not return; he felt that he had forfeited that option, that the opportunity was lost. His name was Elisha, and his fatherโ€™s name was Avuya - but donโ€™t go looking for him in the Talmud; he is not easily found. 1 His name has been removed, consciously and purposefully expunged. He is known only asย Acherย โ€“ the โ€œotherโ€, and his tale begins with a mystical journey gone awry: Ascent ื‘ื“ ืขืžื•ื“ืฃื™ ื“ื’ื™ื’ื” ื—ืชื›ื™ ืžืกืœื‘ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืœ ืช ื™ ื‘ ืจ ื• , ืจ ื— ื ื• , ืž ื– ืŸ ื‘ ,ื™ ื– ืข ืŸ ื‘ , ืŸ ื” ืœ , ืก ื“ ืจ ืค ืœ ืก ื  ื› ื  ื” ืข ื‘ ืจ ื , ืŸ ื  ื‘ ืจ ื  ืช ืจ ื” ื– ื” ,ืจ ื” ืฉื˜ ื™ ืฉ ื™ ื  ื ืœ ืฆ ืก ื  ืช ืฉ , ื™ ืง ืข ื™ ื‘ ืืจ ื” ืœ ืจ ืž . ื™ ืง ืขืŸ ื™ ืœ ื ื™ ืจ ืง ืฉ ืจ" )ืง ื ื™ ืœ ื”( , ื™ ื› ื ืž .ื ื™ ืž ื ื™ ืž ,ืจ ืž ืช ืฉ ืจ ืง ื™" )ื–ื˜ืืงื™ืœื”( , ืจ ืž ื”ื• ื™ ืœ ืข ื• , ืž ื•ืฅ ื™ ืฆ ื” - ื™ ื– ืข ืŸ ื‘ ." ื™ ื  ื™ ื“ืข ื’ ื  ืœ, ืจ ืž ื” ื• ื™ ืœ ืข , ืข ื’ ื  ื• ืฅ ื™ ืฆ ื” - ืžื– ืŸ ื‘ ."ื• ื™ ื“ ื™ ืก ื— ืœ ื” ื• ืž ื” ' ื” ื™ ื  ื™ ืข ื‘ ืฅ ืฆ ืง - ืจ ื— ื ." ืง ื” ื• ืข ื‘ ืช ืŸ ืค ,ืš ื™ ื™ ืœ ื› - ืฆ ืž ืฉ " ) ื” ื› ื™ ืœ ืž ( .ื ืœ ืฉ ืฆ ื™ ] ืื• ืœ ืฉ ื‘ ืก ื  ื› ื [ - ื™ ืง ืข ื™ ื‘ ืจ . ื™ืข ื˜ ื  ื‘Our Rabbis taught: Four men entered the โ€˜Orchardโ€™, namel y, Ben โ€˜Azzai and Ben Zoma, ย Acherย , and R. Akiva. R. Akiva said to them: When you arrive at the stones of pure marble, do not say 'water, water!' For it is said: He th at speaks falsehood shall not be 1 In the Mishna, one teaching is cited in his name: A vot 4:20. The fact that the Mishna was edited by his student Rabbi Meir may account for his inclusion in Avot, together with the other great sages. The only teaching in the Gemara which remains in his name is found in Moed Katan 20a, yet some claim it was another rabbi with the same name and not the nefarious ย Acherย . See notes of Rav Ya akov Emden to Moed Katan 20a .

Upload: gavriel76

Post on 30-May-2018

221 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 1/25

Parshiot Nitzavim โ€“VayelechRabbi Ari Kahn

A Scholar Gone Astray

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ืœ(ืšื•ืฆืž ื™ื›ื ื ืจืฉ ืœื› ืœืงื‘ ืชืขืžืฉ ืšื™ื”ืœ 'ื” ื“ืข ืชื‘ืฉ )ื‘

:ืšืฉืคื  ืœื›ื‘ื• ืšื‘ื‘ืœ ืœื› ืšื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ืช ืื”And you shall return to the Almighty your God, andshall obey His voice according to all that I commandyou this day, you and your children, with all yourheart, and with all your soul; Dvarim 30:2

One of the axioms of Judaism is the belief in the possibilityof spiritual rehabilitation. No matter how mired in sin, mancan lift himself up and return to God.

 The Talmud tells of one man who believed that he couldnot return; he felt that he had forfeited that option, thatthe opportunity was lost. His name was Elisha, and hisfatherโ€™s name was Avuya - but donโ€™t go looking for him inthe Talmud; he is not easily found.1 His name has been

removed, consciously and purposefully expunged. He isknown only as Acher โ€“ the โ€œotherโ€, and his tale beginswith a mystical journey gone awry:

Ascentืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื“ืฃ ื™ื“ ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘

ืŸ ื–ืž ,ื•ืื—ืจ, ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ ,ื™ื–ืข ืŸ ื‘ ,ืŸื” ืœ ,ืกื“ืจืคืœ ืกื ื›ื  ื”ืขื‘ืจื ,ืŸื  ื‘ืจ ื ืชืจื”ื–ื” ,ืจื”ื˜ ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื ื ืœืฆ ืกื ืชืฉ ,ื™ืงืข ื™ื‘ืจ ืื”ืœ ืจืž .ื™ืงืขื™ื. ืžื ื›ื™( ,ื”ืœื™ื ืง" )ืจ ืฉืงืจื™ื ืœ ื™ืŸ ืž ืื™ ืž ,ืจืžืช ืฉืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™". ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ื™ - ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ื•ืž ,ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื” ืžืจ, )ื”ืœื™ื ืงื˜ื–( "ื™ืงืจ

ื™ื• ื” ืžืจ, ืœ ืข ,ืขื’ ื  ื• ืฅื™ ืฆื” - ืžื– ืŸ ื‘ ."ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืกื—ืœ ื”ื• ืžื” 'ื” ื™ื ื™ ืข ื‘ืฅืฆืง - ืจื—ื ."ืงื”ื• ืขื‘ืช ืŸืค ,ืšื™ื™ ืœื› - ืฆืž ืฉ" )ื”ื› ื™ืœืž(ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืข .ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™[ - ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืฉืœื ื•]ื™ืฆ ืฉืœื.

Our Rabbis taught: Four men entered the โ€˜Orchardโ€™,namely, Ben โ€˜Azzai and Ben Zoma,  Acher , and R.Akiva. R. Akiva said to them: When you arrive at thestones of pure marble, do not say 'water, water!' Forit is said: He that speaks falsehood shall not be

1 In the Mishna, one teaching is cited in his name: Avot 4:20. The fact that the Mishna was edited by hisstudent Rabbi Meir may account for his inclusion in Avot, together with the other great sages. The only

teaching in the Gemara which remains in his name is found in Moed Katan 20a, yet some claim it wasanother rabbi with the same name and not the nefarious Acher . See notes of Rav Yaakov Emden toMoed Katan 20a .

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 2/25

established before My eyes (Tehilim 101, 7). Benโ€˜Azzai cast a look and died. Of him Scripture says:Precious in the sight of God is the death of Hishasidim (Tehilim 116, 15). Ben Zoma looked and

became demented. Of him Scripture says: Have youfound honey? Eat as much as is sufficient for you,lest you be filled, and vomit it (Mishlei 25, 16).  Acher uprooted that which had been planted. R. Akiva(entered in peace and) departed in peace.  TalmudBavli Chagigah 14b

Four great scholars embarked on a magical mystical journey. One died, one lost his mind, the third - Acher lost

his faith. Only one, Rabbi Akiva, returned unscathed. Whatcaused this extreme response? The scant details in the

 Talmudic account of this journey may help us understandwhat happened: The four scholars entered what is calledPardes, a word literally translated as "orchard" butinterpreted here by the commentaries as "Paradise" โ€“ theGarden of Eden.2 These same commentaries debatewhether this was a physical journey or one whichtranspired only in the psyche of the travelers; either way,

the revelation was real: They glimpsed a higher world.3

One would assume that if any human being, all the moreso a Torah sage of the caliber of these four, merited aglance of this higher world, of Heaven, of Paradise, theexperience would be elevating, confirming. This wouldseem to be the experience of Rabbi Akiva4. We may evenventure to say that Ben Azzai and Ben Zoma did not

2

See comments of Rabbenu Chananel on the passage in Chagiga 14b; also see Rashiโ€™s comments onthis passage, and the version of Rashiโ€™s comments in the Ein Yakov.ืจื‘ื ื• ื—ื ื ืืœ ืขืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื“ืฃ ื™ื“/ื‘

ื”ื™ ื’ื ื–ื” ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื›ืš ืžืงื ื” ืžืงื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ื ืž ืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฆืจืจ ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸืคื™' ื›ื™ื ื” ืคืจื“ืก ืžืขื™ืŸื™ื” ืŸื™ืจื”ื˜ืž ืŸื™ืœื‘ื˜ืž ืŸื™ืžืฆ ื”ืžื˜ ืจื‘ื“ ืœื›ืž ืŸืžืฆืข ืŸื™ืงื ืž ืŸื™ืœืœืคืž ื–ื” ื”ื“ืžืœ ืŸื™ืจื” ืื™ืžื›ื—ื” ื™ื” ืœื›ื™ื”ื‘ ืจืคืž

ืžืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืž ืฆืคื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืจื™ืŸ ]ื”ื™ืš[ ืžืžืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ื ื”ื™ืš ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื—ืจื™ ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืœืคื ื™' ืžื”ื™ื›ืœ3 See comments of Rashi and Tosafot.

ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื“ืฃ ื™ื“ ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื›ื ืก ืœืคืจื“ืก - ืขืœ ืœืจืงื™ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื.ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื“ืฃ ื™ื“ ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘

ื ื›ื ืก ืœืคืจื“ืก - ื›ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืœ ืขืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืž ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื ืจื” ืœื”ื ื›ืž ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืคื™' ื‘ืขืจืš.4 According to the Maharsha, Rabbi Akiva knew when to stop; the others went too far.

ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืขืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื“ืฃ ื™ื“/ื‘

ื ื™ืจื“ ื‘ืœื ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื‘ ืžืจ ืžื›ื ื™ ื—ืจื™ืš ื› .'ื”ื™ื” ืจืข"ืง ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื™ืž ื›ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื‘ืœ ืœื‘ ื”ืœืข ื‘ื™ืงืข 'ืจื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ "ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ ืขืžื“ ืœ ื”ืจืก ืœืขืœ ืœ ื”' ืข"ื› ื ืžืจ ืขืœื™ ืžื›ื ื™ ื—ืจื™ืš ื’ 'ื›ืœืžืจ ื ืžืš ื—ืจ ื”ืžืš

ืœ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ืœ ืข"ืค ื”ื™ื’ ืžื” ื”ื™ื’ ื—ืจ ืœ ื˜ืขื” ื›ื˜ืข ื› 'ืขื›"ืœ:

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 3/25

necessarily have negative experiences in the Pardes: BenAzzai departed this world because he attained a higherform of existence,5 and Ben Zoma reached such anelevated level of consciousness that he was no longer a

"normal" man. He was incapable of assimilating thisexperience into normal human existence. As forElisha/ Acher , something went terribly wrong. What couldhave led to such a drastic about-face? What could havebrought him to apostasy? The Talmud described hisreaction as "kitzetz bneti'ot " (uprooted that which hadbeen planted): Perhaps as an extension of the metaphor of the Pardes/Orchard, he is described as having cut downthe saplings. He uprooted or defaced the new trees

growing in the orchard; he attacked and destroyed thefoundations. Rather than enlightenment, he embracedheresy.

What happened? The Talmud elaborates:

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื“ืฃ ื˜ื• ืขืžื•ื“ ืื™ืค ืŸืชืช ืœื" )ื” ืœื”ืง( ,ืจืž ื” ื•ื™ืœืข ,ืขื™ื˜ื ื‘ ืฅืฆื™ืง - ืจื—ื

ื“ื—( ืฉืจ ื™ืœ ื™ื”ื™ ืŸืจื˜ื˜ืž ื–ื— ?ื™ื” ื™ืž ."ืจื‘ ื™ื˜ื—ืœืข ื™ื•ืž )ืœืžื™ ืœืžื™ื› ื–ื› ื™ืจืœ. ืžืจ, ืžื™ืจื™ - ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื”

)ืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื”( ืœ ื™ืฉื™ื”, )ื•ืœ ืงื ื”( ื•ืœ ืชื—ืจ ,ื•ืœ ืขืจืฃ, ื•ืœ ืขืคื™, ืฉืž ื—ืกื™ื—ืž ืŸืจื˜ื˜ืžืœ ืงื - ื“ื™ืž ?]ืŸื”[ )?ืื™ืžื‘ ื™( ื™ืฉืจ ื™ืชืฉ - ืืœืฉื•

- ื™ืžืงืž ืชืžืง ืœ ,ื™ื™ื–ื— ื™ - ?ืžืขื˜ ื™ืž ,ื™ืœ ืจืž .ืจื  ื™ืกืœืค ืŸื™ืชืฉื™ื”ื™ ืœื™ ืจืฉ ืœืžืžื—ืง ื–ื›ื• ืื—ืจ. ื™ืฆื” - ืงืœ ื•ืžืจื”,

)ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื’( ืฉ ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื, ื—ืฅ ืžืื—ืจ.

 Acher mutilated the shoots. Of him Scripture says:(Kohelet 5:5) โ€œDo not allow your mouth to causeyour flesh to sin; [and do not say, before the angel,that it was an error; why should God be angry at

5 See Rashi, Talmud Bavli 14b, and the Maharsha.ืจืฉ"ื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื“ืฃ ื™ื“/ื‘

ืœ ื™ื› ืจืžื  ืืž ืžื™ ืœ ืจืค ื™ ืŸื› ื™ืค ืœืข ืฃ ,ืจื—ื‘ ืž ื™ืคืœ ื™ื ืคืœ ื™ืž ื”ืงื” - ื™ื“ื™ืกื—ืœ ื”ืžื” 'ื” ื™ื ื™ืขื‘ ืจืงื™ื™ืจื ื™ ื”ื“ื ื—ื™

ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืขืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื“ืฃ ื™ื“/ื‘ืงื‘ื“ ื”ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื”ื‘ ืคื  ื”ืงื‘ื“ ืšืž ืž ืฅื™ืฆื” ื™ื–ืข ืŸื‘ ื”ืœ ืžื›ื— ื™ื” ื”ืžื›ื—ื” ืกื“ืจืคืœ ืกื ื›ื  ืœ"ื– ื™ืฆืž ืŸื™ ืจืคืกื‘

ืžื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืกื“ื” ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื ืคืจื“ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืฃ ื ืคื˜ื” ืžื›ืœ ืžืงืจื™ ื”ื’ืฃ ื‘ื” ืขื” ืจื” ืžื ื—ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื‘ ืœ ื‘ื” ืขื“ ืœืžืงืžื” ื– ืžืขืœื” ื’ื“ืœื” ืข"ื› ื ืžืจ ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”' ื’ 'ืœ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืคืจื™ื ืจื” ื›ื™ื ื” ืž ื ืžืจ ื›ื™

ืœืขืžื‘ ืืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœ ืขื’ืคื  ืฅื™ืฆื” ืžื– ืŸื‘ .ืืœื” ื™ืœืข ื ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืž ืœื“ื’ ื™ื–ืข ืŸื‘ ืื™ืข ืŸื› ืื“ ื™ื— ืื“ื” ื™ื ืจื™ ืœืžืš ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ื’ื ื” ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื™ืจ ืžืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ืข ืกื‘ืœ ื ื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืฆืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื˜ืจืคื” ื™ื–ืข ืŸื‘ื› ืขื“ื” ื‘ื™ื™ื‘

ื“ืข ื›ื“ื ื ืคื’ืข ื™ื  ืžื™ื’ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืคืŸ ื‘ืขื  ื”ืง ืœื™ืข ื—ืจ ื”ื™ื’ ื–ื›ื™ ื™ืจืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื“ ื—ื‘

ื ื”ืžื™ื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘' ืจื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืขื‘ื“ ื”ื ื‘' ืจื™ ืœื›ืš ื ืงืจ ืžืงืฆืฅ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืข ืงื™ืฆืฅ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ืœื”ื™ื ื—ืจื™ื ืข"ื› ื ืงืจ ื—ืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืกื“ ืœื”ื™ื ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ ืžื” ืžืจ ื“ืคืงื” ืœืžื˜ื˜ืจืŸ ืžื—ื™ื” ื™ื™ืŸ

ืคืœืกื™ืŸ ื“ื ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืจ ืœ ืœื—ืจ ืœืคื™ ืžื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ืขืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื™ืข ื™ืŸ ื ืœ ืจ ' ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 4/25

your voice, and destroy the work of your hands?โ€]6 

What does it refer to? โ€” He saw that permissionwas granted to Metatron7 to sit and write down themerits of Israel. Said he: 'It is taught as a tradition

that on high there is no sitting and no emulation,and no back, and no weariness. Perhaps, โ€” Godforbid!8 โ€” there are two divinities!' [Thereupon]they led Metatron forth, and punished him withsixty fiery lashes, saying to him: 'Why did you notrise before him when you saw him?' Permissionwas [then] given to him to strike out the merits of 

 Acher . A Bat Kol (Heavenly Voice) went forth andsaid: ' "Return, my mischievous children"

(Yirmiyahu 3, 22.) โ€” all but  Acher .'   Talmud BavliChagigah 15a

 This passage is remarkable: Acher was on a sufficientlyhigh spiritual level to ascend to Paradise, to witness theHeavenly Court at work, to see firsthand that everyhuman action is, indeed, recorded - and yet heblasphemes! Surely, almost anyone else who saw what

 Acher  was privileged to see would have immediately

and unshakably confirmed his faith and clinched hisfidelity to God. But somehow  Acherโ€™s twisted, troubledmind saw scandal and not justice, he saw weakness andnot strength. His conclusion is belief in dualism, thoughit is not easy for us to see how he drew this conclusion.Presumably, when he saw Metatron sitting down, he

6 As in many instances in Talmudic literature, the sages quote only the first part of a verse/prooftext, ina sort of shorthand. The section of the verse that is most critical to the discussion is actually the second

 part of the verse, which not explicitly recorded in the Talmud, rather than the first half of the verse

which is cited.7 According to tradition, Metatron was once a human named Chanoch who was elevated to the status of angel, and became the Great Scribe of the Heavenly Court. See Targum Yonatan Bereishit 5:24. For more information regarding the identity of this angel see Mal'achei Elyon by Reuven Margoliot,Mossad Harav Kook, page 73ff.

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื”)ื›ื“( ื”ืš ื—ื ืš ื”ืœื”ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื™ ืœืงื— ืœื”ื™ื:

ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื” ืคืกื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ ืจืข ืจื ื ื’ื™ื“ ืกืœื™ืง ืœืจืงื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ืžืจ ืงื“ื ื™ื™ ืงืจ ืžื™ื” ืžื™ื˜ื˜ืจืŸ )ื›ื“( ืคืœื— ื—ื ืš ื‘ืงื˜ ืงื“ื ื™ื™ ื” ืœื™ื”ื™ ืขื ื“

ื‘ืจ ืจืคืกื›ืชืจ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื” ืคืกื•ืง ื›ื“

ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื—ื ืš ื‘ืž ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื™ ื”ื ื” ื™ื ื  ืขื ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฅ ื›ื™ ื ืœืงื— ืขืœื” ืœืจืงื™ืข ื‘ืžืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื™ ื™ืงืจ ืž ืžื™ื˜ื˜ืจืŸ ื”ืกืคืจ(ื›ื“):ื”ื’ื“ืœ

8 I assume that Acher himself did not say โ€œGod forbidโ€; this is most likely an editorial commentinserted by the redactor of the Talmud, who would not, could not, repeat such words of heresy.

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 5/25

interpreted it as a sign of fatigue, and assumed thatthere must be another power capable of sapping theangel's strength. This conclusion seems preposterous tous, and forces us to conclude that before Acher entered

the Pardes he already held this position; he embarkedon his mystical quest seeking confirmation, no matterhow contrived, of his own twisted beliefs.

Entering heaven can be dangerous; making a mistake,speaking falsehood9 in heaven proves spirituallydebilitating. The angel who is in charge of recording thedeeds of Israel is too formidable a foe. All of Elishaโ€™sdeeds are ripped out of the book โ€“ this is the meaning

of the verse โ€œDo not allow your mouth to cause yourflesh to sin; and do not say, before the angel, that itwas an error; why should God be angry at your voice,and destroy the work of your hands?โ€ (Kohelet, Chapter5:5). The works of Elisha's hands, his good deeds andhis scholarship, are expunged; his visit to the Pardescomes to an end as a voice reverberates from the heartof heaven which seems to seal his fate: "Return, mymischievous children โ€” all except  Acher ." The window

of opportunity for rehabilitation has closed. Fromheaven, God lovingly calls out to all sinners, His'mischievous children', to return, to come home. But not

 Acher ; he alone is cast out. The loving Divine Voiceexcludes the Tanna who has gone astray.10

DescentElisha is erased;  Acher - literally an "other", a sinisterbeing whose very name is not to be uttered, takes hisplace. And as his good deeds are dissipating like a cloudon the horizon, as the door of  teshuva closes,  Acher 

9 This may have been the meaning of Rabbi Akiva's cryptic warning: โ€œR. Akiva said to them: When youarrive at the stones of pure marble, do not say, 'water, water!' For it is said: He that speaks falsehoodshall not be established before my eyes.)Tehilim 101, 7.(โ€ Rabbi Akiva warns them againstsuperficiality ; seeing the gleam of the marble and thinking it is water means that one sees the surfaceand assumes they know what lies below. The mystical path is fraught with danger, and the greatestdanger of all is oneโ€™s own superficiality. Mystical experience will not solve oneโ€™s crises in faith,

 perhaps only heighten it.10 In a sense this should provide an answer to our question: God indeed calls to and invites all sinners to

repent, which should teach us that teshuva is available to all sinners. Why Elisha is an exception will bedealt with below. I have previously written about another notorious sinner and his path back to God.See "Rabbi Eleazar ben Dordaya: A Story of Teshuva". http://www.aish.com/tp/i/moha/48922222.html

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 6/25

weighs his next step. He chooses to take a walk on thewild side:

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื“ืฃ ื˜ื• ืขืžื•ื“ ื

ื”ื™ ืขืœืž .ื ืง ืื—ืจ ืœืจื‘ ืจืขื”. ืืฉื— ื–ื ื”, ืชืข ,ืžืจื” ืœื™,ืžืจ, ื”ื™ืœ ื•ื˜ืจื™ื“ ืœื™ ืœื”ื” ืจ ืžื”ื” ืขืœืž - ืœื™ืคืง ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื™.ืœ ื”ื™ื• ,ื‘ืฉ ืจืฉืžืž ืœื’ืค ืจืงืข ?ื”ืชื ื”ื™ ืŸื‘ ืขืฉื™ืœ ื•ืœ

.ื” ืจื—ื ,ื”ืจืž[Thereupon] he said: Since I have been drivenforth from that other world, let me go forth andenjoy this world. So  Acher  pursued evil ways. Hewent forth, found a harlot and demanded her(services). She said to him: Are you not Elisha benAvuyah? [But] when he uprooted a radish from of 

its bed on Shabbat and gave it to her, she said: 'Itis another [ Acher ].'

His conclusion is astonishing: He knows with certaintythat there is a God; he has seen, with his own eyes, thatthere is a World to Come, and that all human actionsare recorded for a final reckoning of reward andpunishment. He also knows that he will not bepermitted to repent, so he makes his calculations and

embraces sin, pursues evil. He chooses to side with thatother power, the power that pulls him toward the abyss.He seeks comfort in the arms of a wayward woman, andit is she who dubs him Acher .11

But the story does not end there. The Talmud tells usthat Elisha ben Avuyah's greatest student, Rabbi Meir,does not abandon him. Ironically, Rabbi Meirโ€™s familyhas made their own journey: his father was born a non-

 Jew,12

a pagan, and he made his way to Judaism. Now11 It is Elisha Ben Avuyah himself who opines that if a Torah scholar goes astray with a forbiddenwoman, the desecration of Godโ€™s name is even more profound. See Midrash Mishlei, Parsha 6.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืฉืœื™ )ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ( ืคืจืฉื” ื•ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืจ' ืžื™ืจ ืžืจ ืจื™ ื“ื ืงื ื” ืœ ืจื”, ืœืžื”, ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื™ ืžืžืจ ืžื“ืจืš ืจืข ื ืžืจ ]ื›ื“[ ืœืžืจืš ืž ืจืข

ื›ืœ ืžื™ ื™ ื‘ ื“ืขื” ื™ืžืจ ืžืžื ื”. ืžื—ืœืง ืœืŸ ื ื›ืจื™ื”. ื”ื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืžื ื” ืœ ื˜ื” ืš ื‘ื™ืคื™ื”, ื ืžืจ ]ื›ื”[ ืœ ื—ืžื“ ื™ืคื™ื”]ื›[ ื”ื™ืคืขืคืขื‘ ืšื—ืง ืœ ืšื‘ื‘ืœื‘ื”ื ื•ื– ื”ืฉื ื“ืขื‘ ื™ื›.ื“ืฆ ื”ืจืงื™ ืคื  ื™ ืื—ืœ ืจื›ื› ื“ืขืŸื‘ ืขืฉื™ืœื ืชื ืœืืฉ ืจื™ืืž 'ืจ

, "ืœ ืžื” ื™ ื ืค ื™ืงืจื” ืฆื“, "ืœ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื ื” ื”ื“ื™ื˜ ื ื ืค ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื™ ืœ ,ืœืžื”, ื”ืื‘ื•ื™ื” ืจื‘ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื” ืžืขืจื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื˜ื”ืจื”ืื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ืื ื ืชืคืฉ ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื’ื ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื•,ืžืจ ื”ื“ื™ื˜ ื ื™, ืœ ื”ื™ื™ื™ ื™ื“ืข ืขื ื” ืœ ืจื”,

ื”ื–ื‘ ื”ืจื™ื‘ืขื‘ ืคื  ืจื‘ื— ืจ ืื™ืจืž ืฅืจื” ื™ืžืข ,ื” ื”ื–ื‘ืž ื” ื”ืจืงื™ ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจ ื” ,ื”ืžื˜ ื™ืจื‘ื“ ืืขืจ ,ืœื›ืš ื ืžืจ ื ืค ื™ืงืจื” ืฆื“.

12 See Introduction of the Rambam to the Mishna Torah, and Gittin 56a.

ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืœืจืžื‘"ืื‘ื™ืงืข 'ืจืž ืœื‘ืง ืงื“ืฆ ืจื’ ืŸื‘ ืจื™ืž 'ืจ ืœืขืžื™ 'ืจ .ื”ื™ื” ืงื“ืฆ ืจื’ ื™ื‘ ืฃืกื™ ืœื“ื’ื” ืจื–ืขื™ืœ 'ืจืž ืœื‘ื™ืง ืฃืกื™ ืŸื‘ ื‘ื™ืงืข 'ืจ

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ื ื• ืขืžื•ื“ ื

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 7/25

his sonโ€™s teacher takes a journey in the oppositedirection. Remarkably, even after  Acher  abandons thepath of Torah, Rabbi Meir clings to him. The Talmudrecords their conversations, which are peppered with

debates on theological issues. Acher apparently tried tolead Rabbi Meir toward a belief in dualism by posingprovocative, leading questions he thought wouldsupport his opinion:

ืฉืืœ ืื—ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฆ ืœืจื‘ ืจืขื”, ]ืžืจ ืœื™ ,]ืžื™ื›ื™( ,ืงื”ืœ ื–( "ื ื–ื” ืœืข ื–ื” ืขื” ื”ืœื”ื™ื"? ืžืจ ืœื™ ,ืœ ืžื”

.ืข ืจื‘ - ืื™ืจื” ืจื‘ .ื’ื  ืจื‘ )ื•ืžืœื•ืข( - ื” ืจื‘ ืฉื“ื” ืจื‘ืฉ, ,ืจืž ืœ - ื‘ืจ ื™ืงืข ื™ื‘ืจ ,ื™ืœ ืจืž .ืจื”ื  ืจื‘ - ืื™ืžื™ ืจื‘ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ืงื™ื - ื‘ืจ ืจืฉืขื™ื. ื‘ืจ ืŸ - ืขื“ืŸ - ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื. ืœ ื—ื“ ื•ื—ื“

ืงืœื— ืœื˜ื  - ืงื™ืฆ ื”ื›ื– .ืื”ื™ื’ื‘ ื“ื—ื• ืŸื“ืข ืŸื’ื‘ - ื“ื— ,ืื™ืงืœื— ื™ื ืฉ ืœ ืฉื™ื•ื—ืœืง ื—ืจ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ. ื ื—ื™ื™ ืจืฉืข - ื ื˜ืœ ื—ืœืง ื•ื—ืœืง ื—ืจ ื’ื™ื”ื. ืžืจ

ืจ ืžืฉืจืฉื™ ,ืžื™ ืงืจ ?ื‘ื™ ืฆื™ืงื™ื ื™( - ื™ืขื™ื” ืก" )ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฆืื‘ื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื™( ,ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื™ื–( "ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ืจืŸ ืฉืจื": ืฉืืœ ."ืฉืจื™ื™ ื”ื ืฉืž

ืœ" )ื—ื› ื•ื™( ,ื™ื› ื™ืž ,ื”ืขืจ ื‘ืจืชืœ ืฆื™ืฉ ืจื—ืืœ ืจื™ืž ื™ื‘ืจ ืจื—ืื™ืขืจื›ื ื” ื–ื” ,ื–ื›ื›ื™ ,ืžืจื” ืœื™ ืคื–"? ืžืจ ืœื™ ,ืจื™ ืชืจื” -

,ืœ ืจืž .ื™ื›ื›ื– ื™ืœื› - ืŸื“ื‘ืืœ ืŸื™ื—ื ื• ,ื–ืค ื™ืœื› ื”ื– ื™ืœื› - ืŸื ืงืœ ืื™ืฉ)ื”ืœื”ื™ื, ืœ ื›ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก, ืœ( ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ ืจื‘ ,ืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืจ, - ืžื”

.ื”ื ืช ืื”ืœ ืฉื™ ืจื‘ืชืฉืฉ ื™ืค ืœืข ืฃื - )ื•ืœืœื”( ื™ื›ื›ื– ื™ืœื› ื”ื– ื™ืœ.ื‘ ืจื–ื— ื”ืชื ืฃื ,ืœ ืจืž .ื”ื ืช ืœ ืฉื™, ื—ืจืฉ ]ื™ืค ืœืข ืฃื[ ืื›ื— ื“ื™ืžืœืช

ืžืจ ืœ( ,ื•ื”ืจื™( ืจ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื’ื“, ืฉ ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฅ ืžืื—ืจ.

After his apostasy,  Acher asked R. Meir [a question],saying to him: What is the meaning of the verse: God has made even the one as well as the other? Kohelet 7, 14. He replied: It means that for everything thatGod created He created [also] its counterpart. Hecreated mountains, and created hills; He createdseas, and created rivers. Said [ Acher ] to him: R.Akiva, your master, did not explain it thus, but [asfollows]: He created the righteous, and created the

wicked; He created the Garden of Eden, and createdGehinnom. Everyone has two portions, one in theGarden of Eden and one in Gehinnom. The righteous

ื—ืจ ืขื‘ืจืœ ,ืื™ืœืจื™ื‘ ืœืคื  - ื‘ืจืขืžืœ ,ืื™ืœืจื™ื‘ ืœืคื  ื—ืจื–ืžืœ ืจื™ื’ ื“ ,ื™ืง ื™ื› .ืจืกื™ืง ืŸืจื™ื ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืœืข ืจื“ื”ืžื™ื - ื ืคืœ ื‘ื™ืจืœื™ื. "ืœ ืœื™ื ืง :ืคืกืง ืœื™ ืคืกืงื™ืš, ืžืจ ืœื™ื”: +ื™ื—ื–ืงืœ ื›ื”+ ื ื™ ื ืงืžื™ ื‘ื“ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืขืžื™

ื™ืจืœ ื’ ,'ืžืจ: ืงื“ ื‘ืจื™ืš ื” ื‘ืขื™ ืœื—ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืขื™ ืœื›ืคืจื™ ื™ื“ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื” ื’ื‘ืจ !ืขืจืง ื–ืœ ื™ื’ื™ื™ืจ, ื ืคืง ืžื™ื ื™ื” ืจ"ืž.He ]the Emperor[ sent against them Nero the Caesar. As he was coming he shot an arrow towards theeast, and it fell in Jerusalem. He then shot one towards the west, and it again fell in Jerusalem. He shottowards all four points of the compass, and each time it fell in Jerusalem. He said to a certain boy:Repeat to me ]the last[ verse of Scripture you have learnt. He said: And I will lay my vengeance upon

Edom by the hand of my people Israel. He said: The Holy One, blessed be He, desires to lay waste hisHouse and to lay the blame on me. So he ran away and became a proselyte, and R. Meir was descendedfrom him.

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 8/25

man, being meritorious, takes his own portion and hisfellow's portion in the Garden of Eden. The wickedman, being guilty, takes his own portion and hisfellow's portion in Gehinnom. R. Mesharsheya said:

What is the Biblical proof for this? In the case of therighteous, it is written: Therefore in their land theyshall possess double. Yeshayahu 61, 7.  In the case of the wicked it is written: And destroy them withdouble destruction. Yirmiyahu 17, 18. After hisapostasy, Acher asked R. Meir: What is the meaningof the verse: Gold and glass cannot equal it; neithershall the exchange thereof be vessels of fine gold?Iyov28, 17. He answered: These are the words of the

 Torah, which are hard to acquire like vessels of finegold, but are easily destroyed like vessels of glass.Said [Acher] to him: R. Akiva, your master, did notexplain thus, but [as follows]: Just as vessels of goldand vessels of glass, though they be broken, have aremedy, even so a scholar, though he has sinned,has a remedy. [Thereupon, R. Meir] said to him: Then,you, too, repent! He replied: 'I have already heardfrom behind the Veil: Return you mischievous

children โ€” all except Acher .'

No Way Home Acher is brilliant, and not easily swayed.13 Entrenched inhis position, he does not budge. But he is not onlybrilliant, he has a wonderful excuse: God does not wanthim back. He has heard a Heavenly Voice; he, who hasseen heaven with his own eyes and heard a voice fromheaven speak directly to him, feels the path back toheaven is forever closed. Rabbi Meir does not concur;14 

13 See the description of his brilliance recorded in Midrash Rabbah Rut Parsha 6 )Lerner edition(ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” )ืœืจื ืจ( ืคืจืฉื” ื•

ืจื“ ืจื‘ื“ืž ื”ื™ื” ืŸื™ื› .ืžื› ืœืจื™ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืจื‘ื’ ืื›ื— ืื“ ืœืข ืœืขื ื  ื”ืจื–ืขื” ื”ื™ื” ืœ ,ื”ื™ื‘ ืŸื‘ ืขื™ืœ ืœืข ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื‘ืœื› ื”ื’ื–ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจ ืœ ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื™ ,ื”ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ืžื–ื ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ,ื—"ื› ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœื ื ืงื™ืŸ

.ืจื™ื™ืข ืจื‘ ื ื™ื“ืž ืจื‘ ืจืžื— ืœืง ,ืšื› ื™ืจื‘ื˜ื‘ ื .ืจ ืœืข

14 The Maharsha says that Aher should have ignored this voice.ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืขืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื“ืฃ ื˜ื•/ื

ื™ืฆื” ื‘ ืงืœ ืžืจ ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื—ืฅ ืžื—ืจ ื› .'ื›ื”"ื’ ืžืจ ืœืงืžืŸ ืžืขื™ ืžื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื’ื“ ื› 'ืœ' ื”ื™ืจืœ' ืค" ื”ื™ื™ื™ืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ ืงื“ ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืกืก ื‘ื™ื”"ื› ื—ืœ ืœื”ื™ ื‘ื‘ ืžืขื™ ื‘"ืง ื™ืฆ ืžื‘ืง"ืง ืžืจ ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ื—ืฅ

ืžื™ื” ื” ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื— ื‘ื›ืš ื›ืž" ืœ ืจ"ืž ื‘ื—ืœื™ ื‘ ื  ืขื“ ื“ื› ืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื™ืŸ ืœืšืžื—ืจ ื™ื“ืข ื›ื—ื™ ืžืจื“ ื‘ื™ ืข"ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื”:

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 9/25

he waits, looking for an opening to cajole and bringback his wayward teacher. 15 

ืชื  ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืžืขื” ืื—ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื› ืขืœ ื”ืก ื‘ืฉื‘ ,ื•ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ืžื™ืจ

ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ .ืžืจ ืœ ,ืฉืจ ืฉืขืจืชื™ ืขืงื™ ื”ืก ืขื“ ืŸ ืชื—ื ืฉื‘ .ืžืจ ืœ,ืžื”ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืœืœืžื“ ืชืจื” ืžืคื™ื•, )ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื•ื ,)ืžืจ ืœ ,ืžื™ืจ,ื•ืืฃ ืืชื” ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ .ืžืจ ืœ ,ื•ื”ืœ[ ืจ ืžืจืชื™ ืœ ,ืฉืจ[ ืฉืžืขืชื™

ืžื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื’ื“, ืฉ ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื - ื—ืฅ ืžืื—ืจ?Our Rabbis taught: Once  Acher  was riding on ahorse on the Shabbat, and R. Meir was walkingbehind him to learn Torah from him. Said [ Acher ] tohim: Meir, turn back, for I have already measuredby the paces of my horse that thus far extends theShabbat limit.16 He replied: You, too, go back!

[ Acher ] answered: Have I not already told you thatI have already heard from behind the Veil: โ€˜Returnye mischievous childrenโ€™ โ€” all except Acher .

 Acher's excuse of โ€œhearing voicesโ€  is not easilycountered, but Rabbi Meir apparently does not believethis edict17. He looks for another way to gain insight intothe judgment of Heaven, for Rabbi Meir believesHeaven always leaves room for return. He continues to

look for a sign, an understanding, an open window thatwill allow his teacher to regain his "place at the table."He turns to an โ€œoracleโ€ of sorts, travelling with histeacher from one study hall to then next, seeking thespark of divine spirit possessed by pure, innocentchildren engrossed in Torah learning:

ืชืงื™ ,ื•ืขื™ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ ,ืžืจ ืœ ืœื™ื ืง ,ืคืกืง ืœื™ ืคืกืงื™ ,ืžืจืœื™( ,ื™ืขื™ื” ืžื—( "ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืžืจ ื”' ื‘ืจื™ ,ื ื›ืชื ืขื  ืœื ื™". ืขื™ื™ืœื™ื”

15

There are those who quote the Baal Shem Tov as asserting that this Bat Kol was a lie, a figment of the imagination of  Acher. 16 Based almost exclusively on this line, Milton Steinberg paints Elisha/ Acher with a sympathetic brushin his popular As a Driven Leaf. Unfortunately, Steinberg ignores all the passages that counter hissympathetic portrayal, and the uninformed reader is left with a skewed impression of a sinister individual.17 See Zohar Berishit page 204b, which explains why Acher could not return

ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—ืœืง ื ื“ืฃ ืจื“/ื‘ืžืœื› ื—ืจ ื“ืขืขื›"ื ืงืจื™ ื—ืจ ื“ื›ื™ื‘. ืžืŸ ื ื™ ื“ ืงื“ ื‘ืจื™ืš ื” ืžืœื› ืžื™ื ืงื“ื™.ื”ื™ื™ื ืงื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ืงื“ ื ื™

ื›ื™ ื™ื™' ืงื  ืž" .ื— ื ื™ ืœื˜ื  ื“ืขืœืž ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœืž ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื” ืœื™ .ื—ืจ ืกื˜ืจ ืžืกื‘ ื—ืจื›ื™ ืœ ื—ื” ืœืœ ื—ืจืกื˜ืจ ื—ืจ ื‘ืกื˜ืจ ืžืกื‘ ืœื˜ื  ื“ื™ืœื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ ืขืœืž ืœื™ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืขืœืž ื“ื™ ื›ืœื ื‘ื’"ื“ ืžืŸ ื“ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”ื™ ื ื™ ื™ ืœื™ื”

ืžืŸ ื“ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”ื™ ื—ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ ืžื”ื” ืขืœืž ืœื™ ืœื™ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘ืขืœืž ื“ื™ ื™ ืœื™ื”ื—ืœืง ื‘ืขืœืž ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืž ื“ื™.ื—ืœืง ื‘ื”ื™ ืขืœืž ื‘ืžืกื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ื”ื” ืžืœื› ื—ืจ ืขืขื›"ื ื›ืžื” ื™ื ืŸ ืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ื’ืจื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืžืžื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ืœืœื˜ื” ื‘ื”ื™ ืขืœืž ื‘ื’ื™ื ื™

ื›ืš ืœื™ืข ื—ืจ ื“ื ื— ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”ื™ ื“ืจื’ ื˜ืจื™ื“ ืžื”ื” ืขืœืž ื“ื™ ืœ ื™ื™ื”ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื” ืจ ืœืžื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ ื˜ืจื™ื“ืžื”ื” ืขืœืž ืข"ื“ ืงืจื™ ื—ืจ.

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 10/25

,ื™ืงืกืค ื™ืœ ืงืกืค ,ืงื ื™ืœ ]"ืข ื•ื˜ ืฃื“[ ื™ืœ ืจืž ,ื™ื™ืจื—ื ืชืฉื™ื  ื™ืœืžืจ ืœื™( ,ื " )ื•ืืช ืฉื“ื“ ืžื” ืชืขื™, ื™ ืชืœื‘ืฉื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ื›ื™ ืชืขื“ื™ ืขื“ื™

ื” ,ื™ ืชืงืจืขื™ ืค ืขื™ื ื™ - ืœืฉื• ืชื™ืคื™", )ืงื™ื”( ื•ืขื™ื™ืœื™ื” ืœื™ืกืจ ื–ื‘ื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ ,ืคืกืง ืœื™ ื™ ื”ื™ ื•ื•ื  - ืœื™ืฉ .ื™ื ืง ืกืฃ ืชืœื™ืกืจ

ื”ื” ,"ื™ืงื— ืจืคืกืœ ืœ ื”ืž ,ืื™ื”ืœ ืจืž ืขืฉืจืœื•" )ื  ืื™ืœื”( ,ื™ืœ ืจืž

ื™ื ืง ื”ื•ื” ืžื’ืžื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืฉื ื™ ,ื™ืฉืžืข ืžืŸ ืงืžืจ, "ื•ืœืœื™ืฉืข ืžืจื™ .ืฉืจื“ืž ื™ื‘ ืจืกื™ืœืœ ื™ืจื“ืฉื• ,ื™ืขืจืงื• ,ื ื™ืก ืœืงืฉ ,"ืื™ื”ืœ

.ื™ืชืขืจืง - ื™ื“ื” ื ื™ืก ื”ื•ื” ื™ ,ืจืž ,ื™ืจืž

[R. Meir] grabbed him and took him, to aschoolhouse. [ Acher ] said to a child: Recite for methy verse![The child] answered: 'There is no peace,said the Almighty, unto the wicked' (Yishaiyahu 48,22). He then took him to another schoolhouse.[ Acher ] said to a child: Recite for me thy verse! He

answered: 'For though you wash yourself with nitre,and take much soap, yet your iniquity is markedbefore Me, said the Almighty God (Yirmiyah 2, 22). Hetook him to yet another schoolhouse, and [ Acher ]said (Talmud - Chagigah 15b) to a child: Recite forme thy verse! He answered: 'And you, that arespoiled, what do you, that you clothe yourself withscarlet, that you bedeck yourself with ornaments of gold, that you enlarge your eyes with paint? In vaindo you make yourself fairโ€ฆ (Yirmiyahu 4, 30).  Hetook him to yet another schoolhouse until he tookhim to thirteen schools; all of them quoted in similarvein. When he said to the last one, 'Recite for my thyverse,' he answered: But unto the wicked God said:โ€˜What have you to do to declare My statutes?( Tehilim50, 16). That child was a stutterer, so it sounded asthough he answered: โ€˜But to Elisha God saidโ€™. Somesay that [ Acher ] had a knife with him, and he cut himup and sent him to the thirteen schools; and somesay that he said: 'Had I a knife in my hand I wouldhave cut him up.'

One after the other, the children deliver a disturbing,even ominous message of despair to  Acher : his soul issullied and cannot be cleansed. Acher , tormented by hisown demons, vents his anger on the innocent. Had hemerely threatened violence and abused the childverbally, the narrative would be upsetting, and our

estimation of  Acher  greatly reduced. But the Talmud

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 11/25

considers the possibility that  Acher  actually murderedthe thirteenth child and sent his remains to the othersas some type of ominous warning of his own.

The Enemy WithinSo many questions arise: How could this havehappened? Why didnโ€™t someone stop him? How couldhe possibly get away with such violence? In a parallelsource in The Jerusalem Talmud that tells the story of 

 Acher , more details are shared, more backgroundrevealed. While the version of  Acher's story in the

  Talmud Bavli contains a great deal of theologicalmaterial, with the crucial scene being played out in

heaven, the Jerusalem Talmud's approach is morehistorical, focusing on events which transpired here onearth. Despite some minor divergences, the two storiescan be merged to create one complete picture.

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืคืจืง ื‘ ื“ืฃ ืขื– ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ /ื”"ืืžื ื™ ื—ืจ ืœื™ืข ืŸ ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืจื’ ืจื™ ื•ืจื” ืžืจื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ ื“ื”ื•ื” ื—ืžื™

ืœื™ื” ืžื›ื— ื•ืจื™ 'ื”ื•ื” ืงื˜ื™ืœ ืœื™ื” ื•ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœ ื“ื”ื•ื” ืขืœื™ืœ ืœื™ ื•ื•ืขื“ ื•ื”ื•ื”ื—ืžื™ ื˜ืœื™ื™ ืงื•ืžื™ ืกืจ ื•ื”ื•ื” ืžืจ ืžื” ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื› ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื” ื“ื”ืŸื ื™ ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื” ื“ื”ืŸ ื ื’ืจ ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื” ื“ื”ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื“ ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื” ื“ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื•ืŸ

ื™ื˜ื—ืœ ื™ ืŸ ืœ ืจืžื• ื•ื›ื” ื•ื™ืœืข ืŸื•ืœ ืŸื™ืœื–ื• ื”ื™ืœ ืŸื™ืง ืŸื•ื•ื” ืŸื› ืŸื™ืขืžืŸื™ื ืขื˜ืž ืŸื•ื•ื” ื“ืžื• 'ืข ืฃื• ื™ื” ื•ื• ืœ ื•ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขืž ืœื™ื— 'ืžื•ื’ื• ืจ ื— ื”ื›ืœืž ื•ืข ืื™ื  ืืž ืœื•ื˜ืž ื“ื— ื™ืจ ืŸื•ืขื˜ื™ืž ืŸื™ื ื•ื•ื›ืž ืŸื•ื•ื”ื• ืŸื™ืœื•ื˜ืž ืŸื•ืœ

ืžืจ ื˜ืขื•ื ื ื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ืœื•ืŸ ื•ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจื•ืงื›ืจืžืœื™ ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ ืžืจื”"ื™ ืœืจื• ื”ืจื™ื ืžืจ ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฆืœื•ื—ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืœื•ืŸ

ื•ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฆืœื•ื—ื™ื™ืŸ ืจ' ืขืงื™ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœื•ื ื•ื™ืฆ ืœื•' ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ื• ื•' ืžื›ื ื™ื—ืจื™ ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื•ื’ื•'

 The Jerusalem Talmud asks, โ€œWho was Acher?โ€ The answeris straightforward and shocking: โ€œElisha the son of Avuya

who murdered teachers of Torah." Successful students hadtheir lives cut short by  Acher's maniacal attack on all thatwas holy; this is the Yerushalmiโ€™s explanation of โ€œkitzetz bneti'ot โ€ cutting down the โ€œyoung plantsโ€. He entered thestudy-hall, surely flanked by Roman thugs, and uprootedthe students - killing some, directing others to moreโ€œworthwhileโ€ professions.

But this is not all, according to the Jerusalem Talmud:

 Acher joined the Romans, and used his Torah knowledge toinsure that the Jews would publicly desecrate the Shabbat.

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 12/25

When the Jews found a loophole in the law, he taught theloophole to the hated Romans, so they could erase Jewishidentity and squash all hope of religious survival. It wouldcome as no surprise to us to learn that the infamous

Roman decree forbidding Sabbath observance was thework of   Acher , the former Torah scholar. Elisha benAvuya's was the ultimate fall: from Rabbi to executioner;from a teacher of great Torah scholars in their search forholiness, to teaching pagans who sought to extinguishholiness. The transformation of Elisha to  Acher  iscomplete.

 The only question that remains is, can he return? Can he

rekindle his relationship with God? Is teshuva a viableoption for the rabbi who became a vile, ruthless criminal,the architect of the destruction of Judaism? Acher believesthe answer is โ€œnoโ€. His former protรฉgรฉ, Rabbi Meir, thinksthe answer is โ€œyesโ€. Heaven seems to side with  Acher โ€“ atleast in this argument.

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืคืจืง ื‘ ื“ืฃ ืขื– ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ /ื”"ืืจ"ืž ื”ื•ื” ื™ื™ ื“ืจ ื™ ืžื“ืจ ื“ื˜ื™ืจื™ื” ืขืจ ืœื™ืข ืจื™ื” ืจื›ื™ ืขืœ ืกื•ืกื™ื™ ื™ื•ื

ื• ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื” ืจ ืœืจ ืกืง ืœื™ื” ืžืŸ ื“ืจื” ื•ื ืง ืœื’ื™ื” "ืœ ืžื”

ื”ื•ื™ื” ื“ืจ ื™ื•ืž ื“ื™ืŸ "ืœ ื•ื™ื™' ืจ ื—ืจื™ ื•ื’ื•' "ืœ ื•ืžื” ื— ื™ื” "ืœ ื•ื™ื•ืกืฃื™ื™' ื›ืœ ืจ ืœื™ื• ืœืžื ื” ื›ืœ ืœื• ื›ืœ ืžืžื•ื ื• ืžืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืžื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœ ืžื›ื—ื™ืŸื•ืฆืž ื•ื›ื– ื•ื™ืจืž ื•ื™ ื™ืจื— ืจ 'ื™ื™ื• ืœ ืŸื› ืจื“ ื”ื•ื” ืœ ืจ ื”ื™ืงืข

ื•ืžืขื™ื ื˜ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื• ืžืจื™ื•

R. Meir was sitting and expounding in the House of Study of Tiberias, when his teacher, Elisha, passed inthe street, riding a horse on the Sabbath. It was toldto R. Meir, โ€˜Behold, Elisha, your teacher, is passing[riding a horse] on the Sabbath.โ€™ He went out to him,and Elisha asked, โ€˜What was (the topic of) yoursermon today?' He answered him, 'The verse, "SoGod blessed the latter end of Iyov more than hisbeginning (Iyov 42,12).โ€™ [โ€˜ How did you explain it? 'he asked,] and he told him, โ€˜"Blessed" means that Hedoubled his wealth.โ€™ Elisha said to him, 'Your teacherAkiva did not explain it thus; but "So God blessed thelatter end of Job more than his beginning" means thatHe blessed him for the merit of the repentance andgood deeds which were his from his beginning.โ€™

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 13/25

It must have been humiliating for Rabbi Meir to be toldthat his teacher is desecrating Shabbat, riding by on ahorse - the favored mode of transportation of the rulingRomans. Acher , in the role of an aristocratic Roman,

tramples upon the holy Shabbat. Rabbi Meir closes hisbook and seeks out his teacher, and he engages him in adiscussion of the Book of Iyov and its examination of theodicy: โ€œWhy do bad things happen to good people?"Rabbi Meir hopes to drive home the idea that the end of Iyov's life-story brings him full circle, and Iyov reaps therewards of his righteousness; In the end, Iyov is blessedwith more than what he lost, as if to say, 'all's well thatends well'18. This message must have been particularly

poignant , coming from Rabbi Meir, who had known morethan a fair share of suffering19: He lost two sons,20 and his

18 There is an opinion expressed in the Talmud that the Book of Iyov not a historical book, rather theentire book should be read as a parable. Iyov, a righteous man, can regain his health and his wealth,rebuild his family with newly-born children and be consoled for those he has lost. In real life the loss of a child is surely the cause of much pain โ€“ even if new children are subsequently born.

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื“ืฃ ื˜ื• ืขืžื•ื“ ืื™ื‘ ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœ ื ื‘ืจ ืœ ืžืœ ื”ื™ื”.

Talmud Bavli Baba Batra 15aA certain Rabbi was sitting before R. Samuel b. Nahmani and in the course of his expositionsremarked, 'Iyov never was and never existed, but is only a parable.19

Eventually, the Roman inquisitors came for Rabbi Meir himself. See Kohelet Raba 7:19ื– ื”ืฉืจืค )ืื ืœื™ื•( ื”ื‘ืจ ืชืœื”ืงื” ืŸื™ืจืž ื”ื™ื™ ืŸืžื— ,ื ื™ืž ื”ื” ืŸืž ืŸืœื› ืŸื™ื‘ื™ื™ ืŸื”ื™ ื—ื› ,ืŸื™ื™ืžืจื“ ื ื— ืœืข ืจื‘ืข ืงืจืข ื›ืœืžืœ ื™ืขื‘ืž ื”ื” ืจื™ืž 'ืจ

ื” ,ืœื™ ื” ื” ,ืžืจื™ืŸ ื ื” ื” ,ื ืŸ ื›ืจื–ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื™ืŸ ื™ ื›ื™ืœ ืขืžืŸ ื”ื” ืฆื‘ืข ื—ื“ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื“ืžื” ื“ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ื™ื”ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื” ื—ืจื™ ื‘ืคืžื™ื”, ื˜ืž ื” ืžืง ื” ,ืžืจื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืœ ื”ื” ืจ' ืžื™ืจ ืœ ื”ื” ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ืขืจืง, ืงืจ ืขืœื™ื”

ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืข ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœื™ื”,R. Meir was being sought by the ]Roman[ Government. He fled and passed by the store of someRomans. He found them sitting and eating swine's flesh. When they saw him they said, โ€˜Is it he or not?Since it may be he, let us call him over to us; if he comes and eats with us ]it cannot be he[.โ€™ He dippedone of his fingers in the swine's blood and placed another finger in his mouth, dipping one finger andsucking the other. They said one to the other, ' If he were R. Meir, he would not have done so. They lethim go and he fled. The text was therefore applied to him, 'THE advantage of knowledge is, thatwisdom preserves the life of he that possesses it.'20

See Midrash Mishle chapter 31 ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืฉืœื™ )ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ( ืคืจืฉื” ืœืื“" ื—ื™ืœ ืžื™ ื™ืžืฆ .ืžืจ ืžืขื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจ' ืžื™ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื‘ ื“ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจ ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืžื ื—ื”, ืž ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ,ืžื” ืขื”

ืž/ ืžืŸ/, ื”ื ื™ื—ื” ื ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื” ืคืจื” ืกื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื‘ืžืฆื™ ื‘ ื‘ ืจ' ืžื™ืจ ืžื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจ ืœื‘ื™ ,ืžืจ ืœื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™,ืžืจื” ืœื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจ ื”ืœื› ,ืžืจ ืœื” ืฆืคื™ื™ ืœื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจ ืœ ืจื™ื™ ื, ื ื  ืœ ื›ืก ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ, ื—ื–ืจ ืžืจ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื™ื— ื”ืœ[ ื™ื‘ืจ ืœ ื”ืจืž ืšืจื™ื‘ ืจื—ืœ ,ืšืจื™ื‘ ืœื› ืœื›ืžื” ื™ื ืคืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืจืงื” ,ืื™ื‘ ืื” ื™ื›ืข ืจื— ืืงืžืœ ื›ืœื” ืœ ื”ืจืž ,ื™ื ื‘ื™ ืœื™ ืœืœ ืœืš, ืžืจ ืœื” ืžืจื™ ืœืš, ืžืจื” ืœ ืจื‘ื™[ ืงื“ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ ื“ื ื—ื“ ื ืŸ ืœื™ ืคืงื“ืŸ, ืขื›ื™ ื‘ ืœื™ื˜ืœ ,ื ื—ื–ื™ืจ

ืœ ืœ ,ืžืจ ืœื” ื‘ื™ ืžื™ ื™ ืคืงื“ืŸ ืฆืœ ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืจื‘ ,ืžืจื” ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ืฅ ืžื“ืขืš ืœ ื”ื™ื™ื™ ื ื  ืฆืœ ,ืžื”ืขื” ืค ื‘ื™ื“ื”, ื”ืขืœื” ืœ ื—ื“ืจ, ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ื ื˜ืœื” ืกื“ื™ืŸ ืžืขืœื™ื”ื, ืจื” ื ื™ื”ื ืžื™ื ืžื ื—ื™ื ืขืœ

ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™, ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืจืฅ, ืจื‘ื™ ื”ื™ ืžื™ืจื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ ื‘ืจืŸ, ื‘ื” ืขื” ืžืจื” ืœ ืœืจ' ืžื™ืจ ื”ืžื˜ื”, ื”ื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ื” ืžืจ ื‘ื .)ื› ื‘ื™( ืšืจื‘ืž 'ื” ื ื™ื”ื™ ื—ืงืœ 'ื” ืŸื  'ื” ,ืจืž ,ื‘ืจืœ ืŸื“ืงืคื” ืจื™ื–ื—ื”ืœ ืšื™ืจืฆ ื™ื  ื™ืœ ืจืž ืšื› ืœ ื™ื‘ืจ

Rabbi Meir sat learning Torah on a Shabbat afternoon in the House of Study. While he was there, histwo sons died. What did their mother, Beruria, do? She laid them upon the bed and spread a linen

cloth over them. At the end of Shabbat, Rabbi Meir came home and asked her, โ€˜Where are my sons?โ€She replied, โ€˜They went to the House of Study.โ€ He said, โ€œI did not see them there.โ€ She gave him thehavdalah cup and he said the blessing for havdalah. Then he asked again, โ€˜Where are my sons?โ€ She

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 14/25

other teacher was martyred21. Rabbi Meir did not choose atopic of conversation with Acher lightly; he directed theirexchange toward the lesson he felt Acher needed toreview.

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืคืจืง ื‘ ื“ืฃ ืขื– ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ /ื”"ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื™ื” ื“ืจื™ ื•ื›ืŸ "ืœ ื˜ื• ื—ืจื™ ื“ืจ ืžืจื™ื• ืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื•ืžื”ื•ื˜ ื™ื•ื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืงื ื• ื•ื•ื ืงื–ื• ื•ืžื• ื•ื•ืจืขื  ืื™ื  ื“ื™ืœื•ื” ืื“ืœ ืœ" ื”ื™ ื—

ื—ืจื™ ื“ืจ ืžืจื™ื• ืœื“ื ืขื” ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื™ืœื“ื•ื• ื•ื”ืกื™ื“ ื•ื–ืงื ื•ื• ื•ื ื›ืจ ื”ื•ื™ื˜ื• ื—ืจื™ ื“ืจ ืžืจื™ื• ืœื“ื ืœืžื“ ื•ืจื” ื ืขืจื•ื• ื•ื›ื—ื” ื•ื–ืงื ื•ื• ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื” ื”ื•ื™

ืขืงื™ื‘ื” ืจื‘ืš ืœื ื”ื•ื” ื“ืจืฉื˜ื• ื—ืจื™ ื“ืจ ืžืจื™ื• ืžืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืžื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœ ืžื›ื—ื™ืŸืœ ื˜ื• ื—ืจื™ ื“ืจ ืžืจื™ื• ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื• ื˜ื• ืžืจื™ื•ื›ืŸ

R. Meir asked, And how do you explain, 'Better is theend of a thing than the beginning thereof'? He

inquired, โ€˜What have you to say on it?โ€™ He replied,โ€˜You have, for example, the man who acquires astock of goods in his youth and loses money on it, butin his old age he makes a profit out of it. Anotherillustration of 'Better is the end of a thing than thebeginning thereof': You have a man who begetschildren in his youth and they die; he begets childrenin his old age and they survive. Another illustration of 'Better is the end, etc.': You have a man who commits

evil deeds in his youth but in his old age performsgood deeds. Another illustration of 'Better is the end,etc.': You have the man who learns Torah in his youthand forgets it, but in his old age he returns to it; thatis an instance of 'Better is the end of a thing than thebeginning thereof'. Elisha said to him, 'Not so didyour teacher Akiva explain it; but his interpretationwas: Good is the end of a thing when it is good fromits beginning.22

said, โ€˜They went to another place and they are coming.โ€ Then she gave him food to eat, and he ate andsaid the blessing. Then she said, โ€œI have a question to ask you.โ€ He said, โ€œAsk it.โ€ She said, โ€œEarlytoday a man came here and gave me something to keep for him, but now he has returned to ask for it

 back. Shall we return it to him or not?โ€ He replied, โ€œHe who has received something on deposit mustsurely return it to its owner.โ€ She replied, โ€œWithout your knowledge, I would not return it.โ€Then she took him by the hand, brought him to the bed, and took away the cloth and he saw his sonslying dead upon the bed. Then he began to weep and said about each, โ€œOh my son, my son; oh myteacher, my teacher. They were my sons, as all would say, but they were my teachers because theygave light to their fatherโ€™s face through their knowledge of the Torah.โ€ Then his wife said to him, โ€œDidyou not say to me that one must return a deposit to its owner? Does it not say, โ€œThe Lord gave, theLord took, blessed be the name of the Lordโ€ )Job 1:21 (?

21 Rabbi Meir was also a student of Rabbi Akiva; we can only guess if  Acher had a hand in Rabbi

Akiva's death as well. See Brachot 61b22 This dovetails with the sole teaching quoted in the name of Elisha Ben Avuyah in the Mishna:Chapters of the Fathers 4:20.

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 15/25

FoundationsElisha/ Acher  claims that something can only be good inthe end if it was good in the beginning, a deterministic

position generally opposed by the Jewish idea of Free Will.In fact, the status and scholarship achieved by Elisha'sadversary, Rabbi Akiva23, whose humble origins are well-known, are a prime example of Judaism's rejection of 

 Acher's thesis, as is the life of Rabbi Meir himself, whosefather converted from paganism to Judaism. Yet Acher remains unconvinced; he explains why he was doomed tofailure from the outset.

ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืขื” ื•ื™ื” ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืจื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืœืžื•ื”ืœื™ื ื™ ืงืจ ืœื›ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืคืจืง ื‘ ื“ืฃ ืขื– ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ /ื”"ืื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืจื•ืœื ื•ื”ื•ื™ืŸ ื™ ื—ื“ ื•ืœืจ' ืœื™ืขื–' ื•ืœืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืข ื™ ื—ืจ ืžืŸ ื“ื›ืœื•ืŸื•ื•ืŸ ืจื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืจืงื“ืงื™ืŸ "ืจ ืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืœืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืข ืขื“ ื“ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืขืกื™ืงื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ื•ืŸื ืขืกื•ืง ื ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื™ื• ื•ื ืขืกืงื• ื“ืจื™ ื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™'

ืœื›ื•ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื“ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ื” ื•ื ืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ื•ื™ื” ืจื•ื™ื™ ืžื” ืืœืจื•ืฃ ื™ื™ ืขืœื™ ืžืจื• ืœื• ื—ืก ื•ืœื•ื ืœ ื™ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ ื•ืจ' ืžืŸ

'ื™ื”ื• ื™ื ื™ืกืž ืŸื ื™ื ื› ืื™ื—ื™ืž ืื™ืจื“ื” ื•ื™ื”ื• ืื™ื•ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ื ื” ืŸืžื• ืื™ื™ื ืœ ื”ืจื•ื”ื” ืžืœื—ื›' ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื—ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื™ื ืŸ ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืœ ื ื™ื ื• ืœ ื•ื”ื”ืจ

ื•ืขืจ ืขื“ ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ืž' ืœื”ืŸ ื•ื™ื” ืจื•ื™ื™ ื ื› ื”ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœ ื•ืจื”ื›ื™ืœ ืื™ืž ืืœ ื•ื ื•ื•ื› ื”ื™ื” ืœ ื™ืœ ื•ื™ืจืž ื™ื  ื”ืจื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืŸ ื™ืœ ืื™ื™ืงื  ื

ื™ื” ื•ื• ื•ืžื™ื™ืงื  ืœ

ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื“)ื›( ืœื™ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ืžืจ ื”ืœืžื“ ื™ืœื“ ืœืžื” ื” ื“ืžื”. ืœื“ื™ ื›ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื ื™ืจ ื—ื“ .ื”ืœืžื“ ื–ืงืŸ ืœืžื” ื” ื“ืžื”. ืœื“ื™ ื›ื‘ื” ืขืœ

ื ื™ืจ ืžื—ืง.Pirkei Avot 4:20.Elisha b. Avuyah said: he who learns ]when[ a child, unto what is he ]to be[ compared? โ€” unto ink written upon a new writing sheet; and he who learns ]when[ an old man, unto what is he like? โ€” untoink written on a rubbed writing sheet.23 See Talmud Bavli Brachot 27b, Pesachim 49b, Kethuboth 62b

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›ื– ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘;ื‘ ื›ื– ื”ื™ืœ ื™ืœื“ ,ื”ื™ืœ ื™ื ืข ืžืœื™ื“ ?ื‘ื™ืงืข ื™ื‘ืจืœ ื”ื™ืžืงื 

Brachot 27bWe can hardly appoint R. Akiva because perhaps Rabban Gamaliel will bring a curse on him becausehe has no ancestral merit.

ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“ืฃ ืžื˜.ื‘ืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ :ื›ื”ื™ื™ื™ ืขื ื”ืจืฅ ืžืจื™: ืžื™ ื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ื ื›ื  ื›ื—ืžืจ. ืžืจ ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื™ :ืจื‘ื™, ืžืจ ื›ื›ืœื‘ ึพ

ืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ: ื–ื” ึพ ื ืš ื‘ืจ ืขืฆื, ื–ื” ึพ ื ืš ื™ื  ื‘ืจ ืขืฆื.Pesachim 49bIt was taught, R. Akiva said: When I was an โ€˜am ha-arez I said: I would that I had a scholar ]beforeme[, and I would maul him like a donkey. Said his disciples to him,' Rabbi, say like a dog!' 'The former 

 bites and breaks the bones, while the latter bites but does not break the bones,' he answered them.ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืกื‘.ื‘

ืจ"ืข ืจืขื™ ื“ื‘ืŸ ื›ืœื‘ ื‘ืข ื”ื”, ื—ื–ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ื” ื“ื”ื” ืฆื ื™ืข ืžืขืœื™, ืžืจื” ืœื™ื”: ื™ ืžืงื“ื  ืœืš ื–ืœ ืœื‘ื™ ืจื‘?Ketuboth 62b

R. Akiva was a shepherd of Ben Kalba Sabua. The latter's daughter, seeing how modest and noble ]theshepherd[ was, said to him, โ€˜Were I to be betrothed to you, would you go away to ]study at[ anacademy?โ€™

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 16/25

So it happened with my father, Avuyah, who was oneof the great men of Jerusalem. On the day of mycircumcision, he invited all the eminent men of 

  Jerusalem to sit in one room, and R. Eliezer and R.

  Yehoshua sat separately, in one room. After theassembled dignitaries had eaten and drunk, somerecited songs and others alphabetical acrostics. R.Eliezer said to R. Yehoshua, 'They are occupied withwhat interests them, so shall we not occupyourselves with what interests us?' They began withsubjects connected with the Torah, then with theProphets, and after that with the Scriptures. Thewords were as joyful as when they were given from

Sinai and fire surrounded them; for were they notoriginally delivered from Sinai with fire, as it is said,'The mountain burned with fire unto the heart of heaven (Devarim 4, 11)? My father thereuponremarked, "Since the might of the Torah is so great,should this child survive I will dedicate him to the

 Torah." Because his intention was not for the Name of Heaven, my study of the Torah did not endure withme.

Elisha recounts the reason and circumstances in which hisfather, a wealthy and influential man, decided to dedicatehis newborn son to a life of Torah scholarship: It was forthe power. He saw a power in Torah which had previouslyeluded him. Attracted by this power, he sends his son tostudy. Acher feels that because of these tainted origins,his study was destined to fail.24 

 They continue the conversation; Acher rides on his horseon Shabbat, and Rabbi Meir follows by foot:

24 The Talmud in other places opposes this approach and says, 'Let a person start for less-than stellar reasons, and eventually they will serve God for the correct reason.' See Pesachim 50b. Moreover, therabbis value his learning, though performed for the wrong intentions, and later treat his childrenfavorably in the merit of his learning, despite the atrocities he committed. See Midrash Rabbah RutParsha 6 )Lerner edition(

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“ืฃ ื  ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื“ื” ืžืจ ืจื‘: ืœืขืœื ื™ืขืกืง ื“ื ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžืฆ ืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืœ ืœืžื”, ืžืš ืœ ืœืžื” - ื‘ ืœืžื”.

ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ]ืœืจื ืจ[ ืคืจืฉื” ื•

ืœื—ืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืข ืฆื“ืงื” ืฆืœ ืจื‘ื™ื  .ืž', ืœ ื™ื”ื™ ืœ ืžืš ื—ืกื“ ืœ ื™ื”ื™ ื—ื ืŸ ืœื™ืžื™- ื”ืœื™ื ืงื˜: ื™ื‘-. ืžืจื™ืŸ,ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœ ื™ืž ื”ืž ,'ืž .ืกื ืจืคื™ ืŸื”ื™ืœืข ืจื–ื’ ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื‘ ื”ืข ื”ื‘ .ื”ื™ื™ืจืœ ืœื›ืก ื™ื”ื“ื‘ืขื‘ ืœื›ืก ืœ ,ื™ื‘ืจ

ืœื ืžื™ื ื›ืš ื”ืขืžื™ื“, ืžื™ ืจ ืœื ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื— ื›ืžื” ื›ืžื”.

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 17/25

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืคืจืง ื‘ ื“ืฃ ืขื– ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ /ื”"ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื™ื” ื“ืจ ื•ืŸ "ืœ ืœ ื™ืขืจื›ื ื” ื–ื” ื•ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™" ืœ ื•ืžื” ื— ื™ื”"ืœ ื“ืจื™ ื•ืจื” ืงื™ืŸ ืœืงื ื• ื›ื›ืœื™ ื–ื” ื•ื ื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืœื“ ื›ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ ื•ืžื” ื›ืœื™ ื–ื” ื•ื›ืœื™ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ ื ื ืจื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื• ืฃ ืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ื›ื—ืœืžื•ื“ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืœืžื“ื• ื›ื—ื™ืœื” "ืœ ื“ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืขื“ ื›ืŸ ื—ื•ื " ืœ ืžืŸ

ื“ื” ืœื›ื• ืœ" ื”ืž ืื™ื™ืœ ืœื•ื”ื• ื™ื ืž ื ื™ื•ื”ื“ ื™ื™ืกื•ืกื“ ื™ืœื˜ ืŸืž ืœ" ืขื“ื™ ืŸื”ืฉืคืขื ืื—ืชื—ื›ืž ื™ ื•ืœื™ ื—ื–ืจ " ืœ ืœื™ ื  ื™ื›ื™ืœ "ืœ ืœืžื” "ืœ

ืขื•ืจ ืœื ื™ ื™ ืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืจื›ื• ืขืœ ืกื•ืกื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ืžืขื™ ืงื•ืœ ื™ื•ืฆ ืžื™ ืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื“ื™ื ื•ื•ืžืจ ื•ื• ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืฅ

ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ืŸ ืืชืช ืœื™ื” ืืœื ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื”ืžืœื™ืข ืŸ ื•ื™ื” ื™ื“ืข ื›ื—ื™ ื•ืžืจื“ ื™ื•ื•ื ื” ืงืข ื’ื™ื ื™ืกืจ ื•ืจื” ื“ื ื—ื“ ืขืœื” ืœืจ ื”ื“ืงืœ ื•ื ื˜ืœ ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื™' ื•ื™ืจื“ื™ื•ืฉื‘

ื—ืœื™ื• ืื™ื ื” ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืงื“ื” ืจืœ ื”ืœืข ืจื— ืื“ ื”ืจ ืจื—ืžืœ ืื•ืœ ืืžื”ื ื•ื™ืจื“ ืžื ื•ื”ื›ื™ื• ื ื— ื•ืž ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืœื— ืœื— ื”ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื ืงื—ืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื™ื˜ ืœ ื•ื”ืจื› ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ ื˜ื•ื• ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ ืจื™ื›ื• ื™ืžื™ื• ืœื–ื” ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื“ืจื” ืจื™ ื™ืขืง ืœื ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื™ื˜ ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ื” ื›ื•ืœื•

ืฉืจืื” ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื•ื”ืจื› ื™ืžื™ื ืœืขื™ื“ ื›ื•ืœื• ืจื• ื•ื™ ื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื—ื•ื ื ื•ืŸ ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื• ื“ื ืžืจ ื–ื• ื•ืจื” ื•ื–ื• ื›ืจื” ื–ื”ื• ื”ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”

ืžื•ืฆื™ ื“ืจื™ ื•ืจื” ื›ื™ืงื ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื• ื”ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ื–ื• ื•ืจื” ื•ื–ื•ืžืขื•ืจื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืžื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ืชื”ื›ืจื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื›ืจ ื•ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžื™ื

ื• ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ ืขื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ื”ืจื™ื—ื” ืžื•ื• ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื•ื• ื”ืจื™ื— ืžืขืขื’ื•ื” ื›ื™ืจืกื” ืœ ื—ื›ื™ื ื”

What do you say is the meaning of the verse, 'Goldand glass cannot equal it (Iyov 28, 17)' - what haveyou to say on it?โ€™ R. Meir answered, โ€˜These are thewords of the Torah which are as difficult to acquire as

vessels of gold and glass.โ€™ He said to him, 'Not so didyour teacher Akiva explain it; but his interpretationwas: as vessels of gold and glass can be repaired if broken, so can a disciple of the Sages recover hislearning if he has lost it.โ€™Elisha then remarked, 'Turn back.' 'Why?,' R. Meirasked. โ€˜Because this is the Sabbath limit.โ€™ โ€˜How doyou know?' 'By the hoofs of my horse [which tell methat he] has already gone two thousand cubits.โ€™ R.

Meir exclaimed, โ€˜You possess all this wisdom and yetyou do not repent.โ€™ He replied, โ€˜I am unable.โ€™ โ€˜Why?โ€™He said to him, ' I was once on my horse riding pastthe Temple on the Day of Atonement which occurredon the Sabbath, and I heard a Bat Kol crying out, "Return, my mischievous children (Yirmiyahu 3, 22),Return unto Me, and I will return unto you (Malachi 3,7), - with the exception of Elisha ben Avuyah, whoknows My power and yet rebelled against Me!" โ€˜Howdid this happen to him? He once saw a man climb tothe top of a palm-tree on the Sabbath, take the

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 18/25

mother-bird with the young, and descend in safety. Atthe termination of the Sabbath he saw a man climbto the top of a palm-tree and take the young but letthe mother bird go free, and as he descended a

snake bit him and he died. Elisha exclaimed, โ€˜It iswritten, "Send away the mother bird, but the youngyou may take for yourself; that it may be well withyou, and that you may prolong your days (Devarim22, 7)." Where is the well-being of this man, andwhere is the prolonging of his days!โ€™ He was unawarehow R. Akiva explained it, 'That it may be well withyou in the World [to Come] which is wholly good,' Andthat you may prolong your days' in the world which is

unending. Some say that it was because he saw thetongue of R. Yehudah the baker in the mouth of a dogand exclaimed, โ€˜If it happened so with a tonguewhich labored in the Torah all its days, how muchmore so will it be with a tongue which does not knownor labor in the Torah!โ€™ He went on to say, โ€˜If this isso, there is no reward for the righteous nor is there aresurrection of the dead.โ€™ Still others say that ithappened because when his mother was pregnant

with him, she passed by idolatrous temples andsmelled [the offerings]. They gave her some of thatkind [of food] and she ate it, and it burned in herstomach like the venom of a serpent [and affectedhim].

Elisha cannot completely divorce himself from Judaism,from the dialectic of learning. He seems aware of thepower of God and Torah; rather than reject this power, hecalls himself a dualist, for he sees and values two distinctpowers. He enjoys the banter with Rabbi Meir, but only upto a point. When Rabbi Meir turns the tables on him,makes demands or raises expectations, it becomesuncomfortable and Acher rides on. When Rabbi Meirbroaches the topic of repentance, of the ability to fix thatwhich was broken, he is told to go back.

 The version of their discussion recorded in the TalmudBavli focused on a philosophical exegesis of the verseregarding vessels of gold and glass; the version of their

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 19/25

discussion recorded in the Jerusalem Talmud adds thedimension of a living, breathing, real-life encounter. Twomen are travelling together on Shabbbat, discussing acritical point of faith; the apostate teacher, in a symbolic

gesture, "coincidentally" notices that they have reachedthe permitted boundaries for Shabbat travel - at preciselythe moment Rabbi Meir has asked him to return, to comehome, to abandon his horse, his Roman clothes, his new-found friends and the prestige they have bestowed uponhim. Acher protests; he cannot return, for his fate issealed. He has heard a Heavenly Voice denying him theability to return. In this version of the story, the voiceemanates from the remains of the shattered walls of the

 Temple in Jerusalem.

What brought him there? Are we to believe that heโ€œhappenedโ€ to be riding, and he โ€œhappenedโ€ to arrive atthe holiest place for Jews, on the holiest day of the year?His journey has purpose, the day on which it occurs issignificant, and there is meaning to the location.

Elisha/ Acher  was raised to embrace Torah because of its

power, but that power seems to have vanished. Shattered,burned ruins replace the glory of the Jewish people โ€“ theHouse of God. Acher looks at the ruined Beit Hamikdash,and concludes that there is another power, somethingeven greater, which destroyed the Temple. He embracesthat power, and seeks to align himself with the Romanswho now seem more powerful than the Jews. Is this notthe lesson that his father always wanted him to learn โ€“ tofollow the power, to align himself with the most powerfulforce he could find? When he sees the martyrdom of thegreat Torah sages, he aligns himself with the executioner;he chooses 'ruthless murderer' over 'rabbi'. Rabbi Meirread Acher's inner thoughts accurately: It was, indeed, theproblem of theodicy, โ€œwhy bad things happen to goodpeople,โ€ that led Acher  into the embrace of the evilRoman Empire, the epicenter of the most glorious powermankind had ever known. Elisha cannot reconcile an all-powerful God with the martyrdom of the scholars, theexile of the Jewish People, the destruction of the Kingdomof God on earth. He turns away, to the polar opposite, in

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 20/25

search of that greater power that he believes hasovercome the God of Torah.

 Acher's words display a great deal of anger. He seems to

lament the years he "wasted" on Torah study, and he triesto "save" others from a life of holiness and Torah study. Itis his anger which leads him to the place where the

 Temple once stood, to what is, in his eyes, a sign of thediminished power of Judaism and the glory of the Romans.But he does not deny the existence of God or Hisinvolvement in human history: he himself tells Rabbi Meirthat from the ruins of the Beit HaMikdash a voice rang out,calling on every Jew to return to God โ€“ with one exception.

Elisha ben Avuya cannot return. His estrangement isirrevocable.25

The CoreWhy is Elisha/ Acher the exception to the concept of teshuva? Admittedly, his deeds were particularlydastardly; his repentance would require more than asimple gesture. Why does Heaven bother with the fallenRabbi, going as far as a personal communication, to tell

him that his teshuva will not be accepted? Moreover, if Elisha/ Acher  has not rejected his belief in the truth of Godand the message he receives, why does he care what theBat Kol says? If Judaism is true, if the Torah is divine, whyis he so concerned what the results of his teshuva will be?Would it not be sufficient to take the path of truth, toconsole himself with the knowledge that he can spend therest of his life acquiring truth, gaining understanding? Ihave often wondered why Rabbi Meir did not counsel histeacher โ€“ โ€œYou do your part, return to God and a life of 

 Torah, and let God worry about the rest.โ€26 Herein lies the

25 Rabbi Yosef Soloveitchik says that Acher misunderstood the voice:  Acher could not return, butElisha could. See โ€œThe Rav Speaks,โ€ page 193 ff.26 The Shlโ€a HaKadosh suggests that had Acher really repented, his Teshuva would have been accepted.This idea is echoed by Rabbi Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev. See Kedushat Levi, commentary to PirkieAvot Chapter 2

ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉืœ"ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ - ืžืกื›ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” - ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช,ื“ืฆื‘ ื‘ ,'ื› 'ืจื—'ืž ืฅื— ืื™ื‘ื‘ ืื™ื ื‘ ื‘ ื”ืจืž ืœืง ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื“ ) ,ื˜( ืŸื™ืจื“ ืŸื™ ืงืจืค[ ื”ื’ื™ื’ื— ื›ืกืžื‘ ืŸื ื™ืจืžื“ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืœืžืจื“ ื‘ .ื ืžืจ ื”ืœ ืžื ื” ืžืžื“ ืœื”ื›ืขื™ืก ื”ื™ื”, ืคื™ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื›ืขื” ื‘ื” ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืงื“ ื‘ืจืš

ืœื™ืคื“ ื“ืขโ€ฆ ,ื”'ืจื—ื' ืขืฉื™ืœื,ื”ื ืž ื”ืข ืžื› ืื™ืง ืื™ืœื“ื’ ืื™ืคื’ื™ืกื‘ ืžืฆืข ืฃื’ืกืž ื”ื™ื” ื”ืœืคื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื” ืจื™ืฆืคื” ื ืขื ืžืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœ ,'ืจื—'ืž ืฅื— ื“ื’ืจืคื” ื™ืจื—ืž ืขืž ืค"ืข . ]ื‘"ื  ืŸืžื™ืกื‘ ืœ"ืข[ ืื™ื‘ืจ ืื™ืžื—ืจื‘ ืœื‘ืงืž ื”ื™ื” ื™ื”ืœ ืœื›ื™

ืฃ ื™ื“ืข ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืจื“ ื‘ .ื“ื’ืž ื– ืžืฆื™ื  ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื“ืจื“ื™[ ื‘ืคืจืง ืงืž ื“ืข"ื–[ , ืžืจ ืขืœื™ ืœืขืฆืž ืžืŸ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื,ื”ื ื™ื— ื–ื ื” ืœ ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”, ืคืขื ื— ืžืข ื™ ื–ื ื” ื‘ื›ืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื ื˜ืœ ื›ื™ืก ื“ื™ื ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื”, ื ื˜ืœ ื›ื™ืก ื“ื™ื ืจื™ืŸ ื”ืœืš ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื‘ืขื” ื ื”ืจ .ื‘ืข ื”ืจื’ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคื™ื—ื”, ืžืจื” ื›ื ื”ืคื™ื—ื” ื– ื™ื ื” ื—ื–ืจ ื›ืš ืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื“ืจื“ื™ ื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื”.

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 21/25

crux of  Acher's sin: Acher's transgressions were certainlynumerous, his actions heinous, but they all shared acommon core: Above all else, Elisha/ Acher  was apragmatist. He was fully aware that his entrรฉe to a life of 

 Torah was born of an attraction to the glory and power of  Torah; his dedication to that life, to that truth, was lostwhen he saw something more powerful. His allegiancewas, and always had been, a matter of pragmatism. It wasthis same pragmatism that led him down the path of decadence, for only a person motivated solely bypragmatism can say, โ€œIf I have lost my share in the nextworld, I may as well enjoy this oneโ€. A man who seeksholiness and truth would not have drawn the same

conclusion.27

ื”ืœืš ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ืข ,ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ืข ื‘ืง ืขืœื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืขื“ ื  ืžื‘ืงื™ื ืขืœื™ืš ืจื—ืžื™ื ื› ,'ืขื“ ืžืจื—ืžื” ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ืง ืขืœื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื ื› ,'ืžืจ ื›ื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื–ืœ ื‘ืง ืขืœื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื ื› ,'ืขื“ ืžืจ ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ ืœ ื‘ื™, ื”ื ื™ื— ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ

ื™ ืขืœื ื”ื‘ ,ืขื“ ื›ืŸ. ืžืกื™ืง ื ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื’ืขื” ื‘ื‘ื›ื™ื”, ืขื“ ื™ืฆ ื ืž .ื™ืฆื” ื‘ ืงืœ ืžืจื”, ืจ' ืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื“ืจื“ื™ ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ื™ื‘ื’ืžืจ ื›ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืœื™ื” ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื  ื”ื”. ื›ืš ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœ ืœ'ื—ืจ' ืœื™ื™ ืขืฆืž ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื”, ืข"ืค ื‘ ืงืœ ื™ืฆ ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื—ืฅื ืœ ื”ื– ื–"ื™ ืงืจืคื‘ ื”ื“ืงื” ืจืขื‘ ื”ืžื›ื— ื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ ื‘ื› ืŸื› .ื”ื‘ื” ืšื‘ ืž ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืค ืœ ืขืœ ืœ ื”ื™ื” ,'ืจื—'ืž

ื, ื”ื›ืœืœ ื™ืŸ ืœืš ื“ื‘ืจ ืœ ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ื‘ื”, ืžื” ืคื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื”ืจ ื™ื  ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื” ื” ื‘ ืงื”, ืฃ ื–ื” ืžื›ืœืœืงื™ ื”ื‘ื” ืžืจื™ืŸ ืœ ื™ื  ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื”. ื™ืŸ ืœืš ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื”, ืฃ ื ืžืข ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื—ืฅ

ืœ ืœื™ืขืž ื”ื™ื” ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื ืŸื› ืœื› ,ื‘ ืœ ืœื™ืค ืœื‘ืงื  ืฃืก ืฃืก 'ืจื—' ืขื™ืœ ื™ืจื” ,ื— ืœ ,'ืจื—' ืขื™ืœ ืŸื™ื ืขื› ,ื™ื ืœืคืžื™ืจ ื™ืจ, ืœ ืกื’ืจ ื“ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคืฆื™ืจ ืขื“ ื™ืคื— ื”ืคื—. ื–ื” ืžื” ืžืจ ื–"ืœ )ืคืกื—ื™ื ืค ,ื‘(, ื›ืœ ืžื”

ื™ืžืจ ืœืš ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ ืขื” ื—ืฅ ืžืฆ ,ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื  ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื›ืœ ืžื” ื™ืžืจ ืœืš ืขื” ืžื”ืžืฆ ืขื” ื—ืฅ ืžืฆ ,ื ื™ืžืจืœืš ืฆ ืžื‘ื™ื™ ืœ ื›ื ืก ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืข 'ื—ืจ', ืœ ืžืข ืœ ,ืœ ื›ื ืก ื‘ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื—ืง ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ ืœ ืžื˜ืขื” ืš,

ืกืคืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืœื•ื™ - ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืชืขื“ ื›ืŸ:ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจืœ ื‘ ื”ืขืจืจ ืœื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื‘ื”. ื–ื” ืžืจ ื—ื›ืžื™ื  ื–"ืœ )ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื˜ ).ื—ืฅ ืžื—ืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื  ืœ ื™ืขืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื” ืžืŸ

ืžื™ื ื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื‘ื” ืžืขืฆืž ื”ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžื  ืœ ื™ื“ื— ืžืžื  ื ื“ื—, ื›ื™ ื™ืŸ ืœืš ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื”.27 The Tiferet Shlomo, Moadim-Rrimzei Purim, reports that his teacher, the Maggid of Mezritch, once

 prayed so much for a sick person, that he was told from Heaven that he had gone too far and hadforfeited his share in the World to Come. Despite his initial shock, he immediately consoled himself and said โ€“ โ€œNow I can really pray, with no holds barredโ€. Likewise, the Maggid said, Acher shouldconducted himself: he had the unique opportunity to serve God with absolutely nothing to gain, whichis the purest form of devotion. Of course, the pragmatic Acher would have found the suggestionrepulsive. A similar idea is taught in the name of the Baal Shem Tov; see Kol Mevaser volume 2Chagiga.

ืกืคืจ ืชืคืืจืช ืฉืœืžื” - ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื - ืจืžื–ื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื

ื”ืžืขื” ื”ืžื‘ ื‘ื ื“ืž" ื™ ืœืงื™ ืžื”ื“"ื‘ ืžืžืขื–ืจื™ื˜ ื–ืœื”"ื”. ืจ ืค" ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ืคืœื” ืขื‘ืจ ื—ืœื” ื—ื“ ืœ ืจืฆื”ื‘ื›ืŸ ื‘ ืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืจ ืœ ื›ื“ ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ )ืกืจ ื“, ื˜ .)ื”ื ืจื” ืœื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืœ ืžืจื”. ืข"ื“ืœื ื˜ ืžืขืœื™ ืขื“ ื™ืจืค .ื”ื“ื™ืข ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื“ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืขื”"ื‘ ืขื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื”ืœ ืžื“. ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื‘ ืœ ืœื‘ ืœืžืจ. ื”ื ื”

ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืขื“ ืœืฆืค ืขืœ ืขื”"ื‘. ื”ื ื” ืขื” ื”ืข ืœื”ืคืœืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื™ืจืœ ืœื–ืขืง ืœ ื“' ื‘ืž ื‘ืœื™ ื ืžื—ื‘ ื’ืžืœ ื‘ืขื”"ื‘ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ื–"ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืข ื—ืจ ื˜ืข ืœ ื”ื™' ื›ืžืข ื”ื‘"ืง )ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื˜ ,ื™ )ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื—ืฅื›ื™ ื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืœืฆืค ื›ืœืœ.

ืžื—ืจ ื ื™ ืžืœื‘ ื‘ื–ื” ื˜ืขื” ื›ื™ ืš ื– ื”ื™' ื”ืข ืœื‘ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื“' ื‘ืž ืœื‘ ืœื ืœ ืข"ืž ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคืจืก ืจืง ืœืข ืžื”ื‘ื”ืœ ื”ืœื‘ืงื™ ื ืœ ื”ืž"ืขื‘ ืืงืžื‘ ) ,ื˜ืœ ืจื”ื–( "ืขื‘ื” ืœืขืžื‘ ืœ"ื–ื›ื— ืจืž ืŸื™ื ืขื” ื”ื– .ื”ืขื™ ื™ื ื™ืขื‘ ื‘ื˜ื” 'ื“ ื”ื ื”

ื™ืจื™ ืŸืฆืจ ื”ืœืขืžืœ ื”ืฆืจื  ืื“ื‘ืข ื™ื› 'ื“ื‘ ื—ื˜ื‘ ืŸื›ื  ืื‘ืœ ืื” ืื™ืจืžื’ ืื™ืงื™ื“ืฆื” ื™ื› .ื“ืžืขืœ ืื™ืœื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืื™ืจืžื’ ืื™ืงื™ื“ืฆ ืื™ื“ืžืขื™ืขื” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืงื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื“ื ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืง. ื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืข" ื”ื ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ืคื—ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื ืœื›ื ืก ืœืคื ื™ ื“' ืœื‘ืœ

ื™ืœื™ื›ื ื”ื—ืฆื” ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ ื“' ื‘ืจื” ืคืœื” ืœ ื™ืžื™ื  ื›ื™ ื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื“' ืœืงืœื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื. ืขืค"ื› ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื™ืื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื” ื›ื™ ืžื”ื‘ ื“' ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื”ื ืจืฆื™ื ืœื”ืงืจื‘ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืž ื‘ืœื‘ ืœื ื‘ืœื™ ื ืœื ื’ืžืœ ื›ืœืœ

ื—ืจื™ ืจ ื™ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื›ื™ ื‘ื“ ืขืœืžื ืขื“ ื”ื ื” ืœ ื™ืฆืค ืœืœื ื’ืžืœ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืขื”"ื‘.ืกืคืจ ืงื•ืœ ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื—"ื‘ - ื—ื’ื™ื’ื”

ื›ืž ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื ืจื‘ื™ื  ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืจ' ื‘ื ื ื”ืคืจื™ืกื— ื–ื™"ืข ืžืจ, ืจ ื”ื‘ืข"ื˜ ื”ืงื“ ื–ื™"ืข, ื”ื™ื” ื—ื›ื ื™ืจ ื’ื“ืœืžืœื™ืข-'ื—ืจ'. ื›ื™ 'ื—ืจ' ืžืข ื‘ ืงืœ, ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื—ืฅ ืžื—ืจ )ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื˜" ืข" - )ื”ื ื™ื— ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืฆ .ื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืข"ื˜ ื–ื™"ืข,ืœื—ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืข ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ืœ ื—ืœืง ืœืขื”"ื‘, ืžืจ, ืžืขื” ื™ื›ืœ ื ื™ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื”ื™"" .ื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืจ, ื™ืš ื’ืœื™ื‘".

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 22/25

Had the Heavenly Voice warmly welcomed Elisha home,his pragmatism may have led him in that direction, butsuch repentance would have been imperfect. Instead, God

tells him that he is not welcome, putting him in position todo the right thing - perhaps, for the first time in his life, todo the right thing for the right reason: not "what's in it forme", but because it is right.

No Exceptions There are no exceptions to teshuva. We โ€“ all of us, eachand every one of us, can repent, at any time.28 Theteshuva of any individual is as unique as the person who

must perform it. A man like Elisha Ben Avuya, who was sogifted, so brilliant, and had the best education, also hadgreat responsibilities. His fall was profound; therefore theteshuva necessary in his case was extraordinary. What isinstructive is that God did not call him to return; in asense,  Acher  lost29 the sya'ata d'shmaya,30 the help fromHeaven that tugs at the heart of the sinner and awakenshim to repentance.31 But God did not abandon him

:]"ื  ืœืคื  ืจืข ืข"ืข .'ื˜ ื—ื  ื”ื—ืž ื“ื—[ .ืŸื‘ื” .ื™ื’ืก ื”ื‘ื‘ ืจื‘ ,ืจืžื“ ืง"ื”ื–ื” ื ื› ื”ื–28 The Mishna says that if a person sins anticipating that they will repent, or anticipating that YomKippur will cleanse them, it will not work: In his commentary to Mishna Yoma 8:9, the Rambamexplains that this means that God will not help him on that day to do what he needs to do to repent, butrepentance is always available.

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืฃ ืคื” ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘.ื”ืžืจ ื—ื˜ ื‘, ื—ื˜ ื‘ - ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ ืœืข ื‘ื”, ื—ื˜ ื™ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ืžื›ืคืจ - ื™ืŸ ื™ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ืžื›ืคืจ

If one says: I shall sin and repent, sin and repent, no opportunity will be given to him to repent. ]If onesays[: I shall sin and the Day of Atonement will procure atonement for me, the Day of Atonement

 procures for him no atonement. Mishna Talmud Bavli Yoma 85bืจืžื‘"ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช - ืžืกื›ืช ื™ื•ืžื ืคืจืง ื— ืžืฉื ื” ื˜

ื ืžื›ืคืจ, ื™ืŸ ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืคืจื™ื ืžื›ืคืจ ื›ืž ืžืจื ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจ ื—ื˜ ื‘ ื—ื˜ ื‘ ื› - 'ื”ืžืจ ื—ื˜ ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืคืจื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื ื›ื™ืคืจ ืžื” ืจื™ ืœ ืœืขื‘ื™ื“ ืœืข ื‘ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ื™ื›ืคืจ ืœ ืขื ื™ ื‘ ื”ื™ื,ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœ ื™ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื ื™

29

See Shโ€la Hakodesh notes to Rosh Hashana section 5.ืชื™ืฉื™ืžื— - ื”ื ืฉื” ืฉืืจ ืชื›ืกืžืœ ืชื•ื”ื’ื” - ืฉื•ื“ืงื” ื”"ืœืฉื” ืจืคืกืœื‘ืงืž ื™"ื” ื”ื™ื” ื– ,ื”ื ื’ื” ื”ื‘ ื”ืข ืขื™ืœ ืœื™ ื™ื“ ื™ื› ,ื”ื‘ ื™"ื” ืœื‘ืงื™ ืœ "ื— ,ื– ื”ืœ ื‘ื‘ ืจืž ื™ื  ื“ืข

ืžื” ืžืจ ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื—ืฅ ืžื—ืจ, ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”"ื™ ืœ ื—ืคืฅ ื—ืกื“ ื” ื—ื‘ ืžื—ื‘ ืœื‘ืœื™ ื™ื“ื— ืžืžื ื‘ื™ ื™ื“ื™ื.ื‘ืœ ื™ ื›ื–ื” ื›ืž ืœื™ืข ื—ืจ, ื™ื  ื”ื’ืŸ ื”"ื™ ื™ืคืฆื™ืจื ื“ื—, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื” ื‘ืข ื‘ืคื” ืžืงื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื“ื ืžื‘ืง ื™ืข ื‘ื”,

ื‘ ืœื”ื™ ืขืฆื” ื˜ื‘ื” ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”, ืจืง ื ื™ืขื” ืžืขืฆืž ื™ืขื”, ืœ ื™ืคื” ื”"ื™. ื–ื” ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื, ื ื™ ืคื—ืœื›ื ืข ื‘ื”, ื—ืฅ ืžื—ืจ, ืง"ืœ:

30 See the Rambam cited in the previous note.31 See Rabbi Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev, Kedushat Levi Parshat Ki Tavo

ื‘ ื™ื› ืจืค - ื™ืœ ื“ืง ืจืคืกื‘ ื‘ืจื— ืจื”ืž ืฆื™ ืœืง ื‘ ืื™ ืœื›ื‘ )ื‘"ืข ื˜ ื”ื’ื™ื’ื—( ืœ"ื– ื ื™ืžื›ื— ืจืžืž ื™ืค ืœืข ืจื‘ื™ .ืšื™ื”ืœ 'ื” ืœืงื‘ ืขืž ืขืž ื ื”ื™ื”ื”ื™ื™ืœื–ืž ื™ื–ื— ืœ ื”ื™ื“ ื‘ื’ ืœืข ืฃ ืœ"ื– ื ื™ื‘ืจ ืจืžืžื› ืœืงื” ื”ื– ืขืžืœ ื’ืจื“ืž ื™ืคืœ ื”ื›ื– ืœืจื™ ื™ ืœื› ืžื‘ .ืื™ื‘ื‘ ืื™ ื‘ื 

ื ื™ ืจื— ืจืžืœื› ,ืจื—ืž ืฅื— ืœ"ื– ื ื™ื‘ืจ ืจืž ื”ื– .ืื™ ืœื›ื‘ ืœืจื™ ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ ืจืจืขื” ื‘ ืœืงื” ื”ื–ืž .ื™ื–ื—

ืžืขืจืจ ื–ื” ื”ืงืœ ืœื‘ ื‘ื‘ื”, ืจืง ื ื™ืขืจืจ ืžืขืฆืž ืœื‘ ื‘ื‘ื” ื™ืงื‘ืœ . ื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืงืœ ื™ื  ืžืขืจืจ ืœื‘ื‘ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืœ ื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืจืจ ืžืขืฆืž ื‘ื‘ื” ื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืจืœ ื—ืฅ ื› ,'ืžืขืจืจ ื–ื” ื”ืงืœ ืœื‘

ื‘ื‘ื”.

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 23/25

altogether: God did engage  Acher  in dialogue, even if tosay โ€œyou can not returnโ€.32 God wanted even the teshuvaof  Acher , but true teshuva, not a perfunctory repentance.What God wanted from Elisha/ Acher  was repentance that

would go to the very core of his existence, and jar him tothe point of transformation. The core of his sin waspragmatism; therefore God led him on a path of completerehabilitation; He removed any possible cost-benefitcalculation that would have flawed   Acher's teshuva, bysaying โ€œReturn, my mischievous children - except  Acher ,"and removing any hope of reward from the equation. HadElisha repented, he would surely have been accepted. Hadhe rejected pragmatism and the power of Rome, and

chosen instead closeness to God, to truth and to morality โ€“even though he was forewarned that the closeness to Godwould not be reciprocated - he would, in effect, haveembraced decency with no promise of reward, withnothing to โ€œgainโ€ beyond truth itself.33 Had he chosen thispath, he would surely have been embraced by theShechina.34

32 See Rav Yehosha Heschel of Apta, in Ohev Yisrael, who made a similar observation.

ื’ืžืจ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” )ื˜ ).ื™ืฆื” ื‘"ืง ืžืจื” ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื—ืฅ ืžื—ืจ. ื” ืžื™ื” ื’ื“ืœื” ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ื”ืœ ื™ื“ืขืกืคืจ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”ืžืคืจืกื ื™ืŸ ืœืš ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืœื ืขืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื” ื›ืž ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ ืžื ื”. ื”ื’ื ื”ื›ืขื™ืก ื‘ืจ ืžื“. ืš

.ื‘ ืฆื™ื› ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืจื‘ื“ื› ืขืž ื™"ื”ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื— ,ืœื‘ืงืž ื”"ื‘ืงื” ื”ื™ื” ืœ ื”ื‘ื‘ ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื ืื’ื“ ื”ื ื›ื” ืŸื™ื“ ,ื™ืœ ื”ืจื  ืžื‘ื ืžืž ื—ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ืž ื‘ื— .'ื™ ื“ื’ื  ืื™ื˜ื—ื” ืœืข ืื’ .ื™ื™ืจื‘ ืœื› ืœืข ืื—ืจืž ื™"ื” ื™ืžื—ืจ ืœื“ื’ืž ,ืšื› ื” ืจื‘ื“ื” ืจ ืŸื›ื‘ื™ ื ืจืจืขืž .ืง"ื”ืคืกืž ืขื“ื ื› .'ื› ื ื ื“ื— ืœื– ืœื— ื”"ื™ ื”ื™ืจื”ืจื™ ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื– ื”ื™ืฆ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื‘ื‘ื” ืœื™ืžื” ืข"ื™ ื™ื–ื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžืขืจืจื ื™ื‘ .ื”ื™ื™ื  ื›ืž"( ื”ืœื™ื ืฆ, ื’( ื‘ ื  ืขื“ ื“ื› ื’ 'ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื. ื”ืงื‘"ื”ื‘ืขืฆืž ืคื— ืœื”ื ืขืจื™ ื‘ื” ืœ ืžื‘ืง ืžื› "ืœืข ื‘ื”. ื›ืŸ ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื—ืžืจ ื›"ื› ื›ืž ื”ืžืจ ื—ื˜ ื‘ืขื” ื‘ื” ืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื“ื ืœื”ืขืจืจ ืžืขืฆืž ืœื ืœ ื›ื“ืžื”, ื– ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืจื™ ื”"ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืจ ื—ืจื™ ืœืขืจืจ ืœื‘ืง ืžืžื  ื™

ืœื‘ ื‘ืœ ืขืจ ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืงื“ื ืœื”ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื™ 'ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ ื™ืคืš ื™ื— ืœืคื ื™ ื™ 'ื™ืœื— ืœ ืขื–ืจ ืกื™ืข ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืื“ื™ื‘ ืŸื™ืงื™ืคืกืž ืŸื™ ):ื”ืค ืžื™( ืœ"ื– ืืจืžืž ื”ื– .ื™ื— ื›ืจื“ืž ื‘ื‘ ื›"ื’ ื‘ ืŸื™ืœื‘ืงืž ืžื‘ ื– ื‘ื˜ ื™ื›ื‘ ื‘ ืจืžื’ื™

ืœืข ื‘ื”. ืœ ืžืจ ื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ .ืš ื“ื™ ื›ื ื ื” ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื‘.33 His belief that he could not repent may have been a further sin see Midrash Shmuel on Pikei Avot

4:28. ืกืคืจ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืช - ืคืจืง ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืฉื ื” ื›ื—ื” ืจื‘ ืกื™ืขื›ื”ืœ ืขื™ืจื”ืœ ื˜ื—ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื” ื™ืžื™ ืœื› ืจ ืื“ื” ื™ื› ืœ"ื– ืจื™ื“ืจืง ื”ืž 'ืจ ื‘ืจื” ื™ื”ืœื” ืื›ื—ื” ื™ืคืž ื™ืขืžืžื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ืžืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ ืคืข ื‘ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื—ืจ ื‘ื“ื” ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื”"ื‘ ื” ื—ืคืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืคื— ืœื”ืขื ื’ ื‘ืขื”"ื–ื›ืž ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ืข ื—ืจ ื—ืจ ืžืข ืžื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื’ื“ ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื—ืฅ ืžื—ืจ ื”ืคืงื™ืจ ืขืฆืž ืœืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจื” ื›ืœื” ื›ื™

, ืœื‘ืงืž ื”ื™ื” 'ื™ ื” ื”ืžืœ ื”ื‘ื‘ ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื‘ื” ื™ื ืคื‘ ื“ืžืข ืจื‘ื“ ืŸื™ ื™ื› ื”ื–ื‘ ื”ืขื˜ ื™ื“ื‘ ืื™ืžื—ืจื” ืŸืž ื™ื 34 See Ben Yehoyada on Chagiga, who states that a โ€œpragmaticโ€ teshuva would have been rejected, butteshuva motivated by love of God would have been accepted.

ืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื“ืฃ ื˜ื•/ืืจืคืž ื”ื” ืจื™ืž 'ืจื“ ื“"ืกื‘ ื™ืœ ื”ืจื  .ืจื—ืž ืฅื— ืœืง ื‘ ื”ืจืž ืขืž ืŸื™ื› ,ื”ื™ืคืง ืšื™ ื”ืง .ืจื“ืž ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื™ื™ืข ื”ื™ืคืง ื

ื›ืœืžืจ ืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื” ืžื™ืจื”, ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืงื‘ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ ืงืœ ื”ื›ื™, ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ืฃ ืขืœ ืคื” ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื‘ื”,ื›ื, ื—ืฅ ืžื—ืจ ื™ืŸ ื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื” ื›ื– ื”ื™ ืžื™ืจื”, ื‘ื‘ื™ืœ ื™ื–ื” ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ืœ ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื ืžื™ ื ื‘ ืžื”ื‘ื”

. ืจ' ืžื™ืจ ืขื” ืœ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ื›ื— ืœืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ ืงืœืงื‘ืœื  ,ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื” ืžื”ื‘ื” ื ืžืจ ื™ืŸ ืœืš ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื”

ื‘ื”ื›ื™, ืœ ื›ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืจ ืžืงื“ื, ืš ื—ืจ ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจ ื–ื” ืœ ืจ' ืžื™ืจ, ืœ ืžืคืจ ื—ืฅ ืžื—ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื  ื™ื ื™ืงื ื™ื” ื™ืคืž ืจื‘ื“ ื”ื–ื™ ืขืžืœ ืจื“ืžื” ื™ื‘ืœ ืžืข ืกื ื›ื™ืœ ื™ื ื‘ ื”ืฆืจื  ,ืจื™ืคืœ ื”ืข ื—ื›ื” ื™ืจื‘ ื—ื™ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ืงืž

ื™ืžืจ ืคืกืงื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžื, ื‘ื”ื ื™ื‘ืจืจ ื ื”ืž ื›ืจ' ืžื™ืจ ื›ืœื™ืข:

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 24/25

In fact, the Jerusalem Talmud intimates that, on hisdeathbed, Acher expressed remorse:

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืคืจืง ื‘ ื“ืฃ ืขื– ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ /ื”"ื

ื™" ืœ ืœื™ ื—ื–ืจ " ืœ ื•ื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืจื™ืŸ ืžืงืœื™ืŸ "ืœ-ืขืžื•ื“ ื’ /ื”"-ื•ื›ื—ื™ื”ืœื—ืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื—ืœื” ืœื™ืข ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืœืจื™ ืžื™ืจ ื” ืจ ื™ ื–ืœ ืขื™ ืžืงืจื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื ื• ืขื“ ื“ื› ืขื“ ื“ื™ื›ื“ื•ื›ื” ืœ ื  ืžืงืœื™ืŸ ื•ื” ืขื” ื›ื”ืœื™ืข ื•ื ื˜ืจ ื•ืž ื•ื”ื™ื” ืจื™ ืžื™ืจ ืžื— ืœื• ื•ื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืžื• ื•ื” ื ื˜ืจ ืจื™

Some time later Elisha b. Avuyah became ill, and itwas told to R. Meir that he was sick. He went to visithim and said, โ€˜Repent.โ€™ He asked, โ€˜Having gone so farwill I be accepted?โ€™ R. Meir replied, โ€˜Is it not written,'You turn man to contrition (Tehilim 90, 3), up to thetime that life is crushed out [the penitent is

accepted]?โ€™ Then Elisha ben Avuyah wept and died.R. Meir rejoiced in his heart, saying, โ€˜My masterseems to have departed in repentance.โ€™

While we need not play the role of โ€œGodโ€™s accountantโ€ andconcern ourselves with the judgment that awaited thattortured soul in the World to Come, we may learn atremendous lesson from this passage in any case: Elishaben Avuyah shed a tear of regret with his dying breath.

Even at the last moment of life, anyone โ€“ no matter howfar they have gone, no matter how heinous their crimes,no matter how long they have turned their back on God,on truth, on teshuva - can repent. When it comes toteshuva, there are no exceptions; all are welcome home35.Some are invited through the front door, while others, likeElisha ben Avuyah, may need to "sneak" in, but there areno exceptions.36

35

See Rambam Mishna Torah Laws of Teshuva, and 3:14, where he cites the verse โ€œReturn mymischievous children" )Yirmiyahu 3, 22.( โ€“ with no limitations, quite the opposite, he says there are nolimitations to teshuva. Also see Rambam Mishna Torah Laws of Teshuva, 1:4

ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื’ืœืž ืœืง ืจื™ื‘ืข ื™ ื‘"ื”ืขืœ ืงืœื— ืื”ืœ ืŸื™ ืœืจื™ืž ืŸื” ืค"ืข ื ื™ื ืž ืœ ืื™ื  ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ืจืขืž ื“ื— ื“ื— ืœื› )ื“ื™(ืจื™ื‘ื—ืœ ื ื”ื ื›ืžื” ืŸื” ืœ ืŸื”ื‘ ืจื”ื–ื”ืœ ืŸื”ืž ืงื—ืจื”ืœ ืŸื” ื™ื“ื› ื™ื“ื› ื‘"ื”ืขืœ ืงืœื— ืื”ืœ ืŸื™ ืŸื”ื‘ ืœื™ื’ืจื” ืื™ืžื›ื— ืจืž ื›"ืคืข ื”ื–ื‘ืžื” ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื‘ืžื” ืื™ืžื›ื— ื™ื“ื™ืžืœ ื”ื–ื‘ืžื” ืจื™ื‘ื— ืŸืœืงื‘ ื“ื‘ื›ืžื” ืื™ื‘ืจื‘ ืจื™ื‘ื— ื™ื ืค ืŸื™ื‘ืœืžื” ื™ื ื™ื›ื‘ ืจื™ื‘ื—ืœ ืจืงื”ื”ืžืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืœืœ ื”ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื—ื“ ืžืœ ื™ืŸ ืœ ื—ืœืง ืœืขื”"ื‘ ื›ืž ื‘ืœ ื‘ื” ื‘ืœ ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืœื› ืจืงื™ืขื‘ ืจืคื› ืœื™ืค ื”ื‘ื” ื™ื ืคื‘ ื“ืžืข ืจื‘ื“ ืšืœ ืŸื™ ื‘ื” ืืœืขื” ื™ื ื‘ืž ื”ื– ื™ืจื” ื”ื‘ ืœืขื‘ ื” ืž ืขืจืž

ื™ืคืจ 'ื” ืจืž ื‘ืจืงืœ ืงื—ืจืœ ืืœ ืืœ ืจืžื  ื‘ื” ืืœืขืœ ืงืœื— ืœ ื™ ื‘ ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ืŸื”ื‘ ืฆื™ื› ืื™ืจืžืžื” ืื™ืขืจื” ืœื›ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืžื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืŸ ื ืžืจ ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืข"ืค ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ ื” ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืกืจ ื‘

ืœ ื‘ื’ืœื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื”:36 Rav Zaddok Hakohen of Lublin, in Liqutei Amarim section 16, quotes the ruling "One must obey

the master of the house in all regards โ€“ except when he says "leave" )Talmud Bavli Pesachim 86b( inthis regard: We must obey God's commandments at all times, except when he says, as he did to Acher,

not to repent.

8/14/2019 Parshiot Nitzavim -Vayelech Edited

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parshiot-nitzavim-vayelech-edited 25/25

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“ืฃ ืคื•/ื‘)ืฆืž ืฅื—( ื”ืข ื™ื‘ื” ืœืขื‘ ืšืœ ืจืžื™ ื”ืž ืœื›

ืกืคืจ ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืืžืจื™ื - ืื•ืช ื˜ื–ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืžืจ( ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื˜" ).ื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืจ ื“ื›ืœ ืžื” ืžืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ ืขื” ื—ืฅ ืžืฆ ื™ืŸ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื ืœืžืข ืœื”' ื™ื‘ืจืš

ื”ื ืขืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื”, ื”ื›ื™ ื ืžื™ ื™ืŸ ืœ ืœืžืข ืœืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื” ื ืœ ื›ื™ืžืจ ื ื‘ื™ ืœื”ืจ ืขื” ื” ืœืฆืจืšื ืจืฆืŸ ื”' ื™ื‘ืจืš ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœ ืžืจ ืœ ื”' ื™ื‘ืจืš ืจืฆื  ื›ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืจืง ืžืจ ืœ ืœ ืžื ืกื™( ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื( ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื™

ืžื” ื“ื—ืจ: