2/3/04 1

Part 1: IMRT Research Overview

Part 2: ICE Discrete-Event or Discrete-Time Systems?

Lino GuzzellaInstitut für Mess- und Regeltechnik (IMRT)http://www.imrt.ethz.ch

University of Michigan – February 4, 2004

2/3/04 2

ETH Zürich – Some People and Facts

• Founded 1855

• Engineering & Science

• 12‘000 students

• 5‘000 staff, 350 faculty

• Budget $ 850 Mio.

• Three campuses, - Downtown - Hönggerberg - ETH World

2/3/04 3

bachelor degree

un

derg

rad

uate

co

urs

es

core

engineering

sciences

master degree

gra

du

ate

co

urs

es

several

options

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Sem.

focusfocus

- project or

- classes

ME Department – Curriculum

most classes

in English

most classes

in German

2/3/04 4

IMRT – Measurement and Control Laboratory

• 40 people (2 faculty, 6 PostDoc, 20 PhD, …)

• Budget $ 2.5 Mio., DoE, Bosch, DC, …

• Teaching in ME, modeling and controls

• Research labs, engine test cells, …

2/3/04 5

Cars and Information Technology

76 control modules

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40%

1990 2000 2010

30%

20%

10%„pollutants“

„safety“

„fuel economy“

Value of EE&IT Components

Estimated total market volume in the EU around 20 Bio. per year

2/3/04 7

The Beginning – The A/F-Ratio Feedback Control Loop

Saugrohr

Drosseklappe

Katalysator (Haupt-)Katalysator

Einspritz-ventile

vK

mL

*

hK2P

hK, NO, CO, (HC, CO2)

Motronic

n

vK :BOSCH LSU4

(Breitband-Sonde)

hK2P :BOSCH LSF4

(Zweipunkt-Sonde)

2/3/04 8

A/F-Ratio Feedback Control – Nonlinear/Modelbased/…

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SCR - Lean NOx Cataytic Conversion

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5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

today

+ 5 years

+ 10 years

Gasoline Diesel MeOH FC CH2 FC LH2 FC MeOH

The Next Step – Fuel Consumption

power train efficiency

Source: DC, Dr. Fortnagel, 13 th International Conference Engine & Environment, AVL, 2001 und EUCAR

2/3/04 11

Downsizing & Supercharging – Main Idea

η =0.35

η=0.1

1 kg fuel

x kJ

n, T

ICE

n

losses

work

T

2/3/04 12

„Downsizing & Supercharging“ – PALOS I

2/3/04 13

The Smile Vehicle

fuel economy: 67 mpg, cycle efficiency (tank-to-wheel, MVEG-95): 0.24

2/3/04 14

„Downsizing & Supercharging“ – PALOS II

• VW “Gol” (Brazil)

• 1.0 l, 4 in line, 16 V, 150 Nm, 80 kW

• turbocharged, Garret GT 14, 1.85 bar

• TC replaced by a pressure-wave supercharger

• focus on modeling for control

• main problem EGR

2/3/04 15

„Downsizing & Supercharging“ – PALOS II

tip in @ 1’500 rpmlight to full load

turbochargerpressure wave supercharger

engin

e torq

ue N

m

time s

2/3

/04

16

Ba

ttery

Ele

ctric

5

10

15

IC E

ngin

eF

uel C

ell E

lectric

Hybrid

Ele

ctric CNG 1400 kg

Diesel CC 1500 kg

H2 1250 kg

Petrol/Reformer 1350 kg

Meth./Ref. 1350 kg

Diesel 1400 kg

Petrol 1100 kg

Diesel 1100 kg

CNG 1200 kg

Petrol 1400 kg

Ve

hic

le: c

w A

= 0

.65, c

r = 0

.008

kg C

02/1

00 k

m(N

ED

C)

CNG CC 1500 kg

Coal/Steam 1500 kg

Fuel C

onsum

ptio

n –

“Well-to

-Wheel“ A

naly

sis

2/3/04 17

CNG Engines – Injector Debouncing

experimental system

iterative learning algorithm (coil current based)Results: valve lift versus time, four cycles

1

2

3

4

2/3/04 18

CNG Engines – The CEV Project

2/3/04 19

111.8ca. 120

CO2Toyota Prius

10.0%0.0120.00121.20.001NOx

80.0%0.0060.00481.20.004

0.047

NM-HC

T-HC

15.7%0.620.0971.20.081CO

% of

SULEV

SULEV

Limit

TotalD.F.Measurement

Pollutant

g/km

CNG Engines – CEV Results

Mean of three runs, using Californian reference CNG

2/3/04 20

„Thermotronics“ I

heatexchanger

controllablefan

electronicvalve

electric pump

2/3/04 21

„Thermotronics“ II

2/3/04 22

LORIS – Loss Reduction in SI Engine Intake System

2/3/04 23

LORIS – Loss Reduction in SI Engine Intake Systems

2/3/04 24

LORIS – Test Rig

2/3/04 25

LORIS – Results

2/3/04 26

CVT Control

2/3/04 27

CVT Control – Fuel-Optimal Tip In

2/3/04 28

ETH Hybrid III

2/3/04 29

TwinTrack – Vehicle

2/3/04 30

TwinTrack – SOC Optimization

2/3/04 31

PSI-ETH Hy.Power

2/3/04 32

Hy.Power – Air Management Energy Management

Ekin

ˆ E kin

ˆ E el

Eel

FC-"on"

FC-"off"

2/3/04 33

PAC Car – ETH’s Shell Eco Marathon Student Project

2/3/04 34

PAC Car – Fuel Cell System

2/3/04 35

PAC Car – Racing at Nogaro

2/3/04 36

… for more details see:

http://www.imrt.ethz.ch