1

jpUts;Sth; gy;fiyf;fofk; Nrh;f;fhL> NtY}h; - 115

mbj;jsg;gbg;G gFjp – 1 jkpo;

midj;J ,sepiyg; gl;lg;gbg;Gg; gphpTfSf;Fk; nghJthdit

Kjyhz;L

Kjyhk; gUtk;

2020 - 2021

2

E}y; tpguk;

jiyg;G : mbj;jsg; gbg;G (gp.V.>gp. v];]p.> gp.fhk;.> gp.gp.V)

Kjy; gjpg;G : [_d; - 2020

cupik : jpUts;Sth; gy;fiyf;fofk;

tpiy : jpUts;Sth; gy;fiyf;fofg; ghlj;jpl;lf;FO

NtY}h; - 115.

mr;rhf;fk; :

E}y; fpilf;Fkplk; : jpUts;Sth; gy;fiyf;fofk;>

Nrh;f;fhL> NtY}h; -115

3

ghlj;jpl;l ty;Yeh;FOj; jiyth;

Kidth; tP. gd;dPh;nry;tk; jkpo; cjtpg;Nguhrphpah;

nghpahh; muR fiyf;fy;Y}hp flY}h;.

ghlj;jpl;l ty;Yeh; FO

Kidth; Rg;Gyl;Rkp Kidth; S. NfhFyfpU\;zd; jkpo; ,izg;Nguhrphph; jkpo; cjtpg;Nguhrphpah; muR fiyf;fy;Y}hp ghujpahh; gy;fiyf;fofk; jpUtz;zhkiy. Nfhak;Gj;J}h;. Kidth; K.rPdpthrd; Kidth; b.tp\;ZFkud; jkpo; cjtpg;Nguhrphpah; jkpo;j;Jiwj; jiyth; mwpQh; mz;zh muR fiyf;fy;Y}hp jpuhtpld; gy;fiyf;fofk; nra;ahW. rpj;J}h; khtl;lk; Me;jpu khepyk;. Kidth; m. md;dk;khs; jpUkpF.gth. nry;yJiu jkpo; cjtpg;Nguhrphpah; gjpg;ghsh;> vOj;jhsh; Gdpj tsdhh; fiy(k) mwptpay; fy;Y}hp jpUtz;zhkiy. flY}h;. Kidth; ntq;flfpU\;zd; Kidth; M. ghyKUfd; jkpo; cjtpg;Nguhrphpah jkpo; cjtpg;Nguhrphpah; ,];yhkpa fy;Y}hp muR fiyf;fy;Y}hp thzpak;ghb. jpUtz;zhkiy. Kidth; J. n[af;Fkhh; jkpo; cjtpg;Nguhrphpah; K.M.G.fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}hp Fbahj;jk;

4

Kjy; gUtk; (ftpij> ciueil> ehlfk;> rpWfij> nkhopj;jpwd;

,yf;fpatuyhW)

5

mbj;jsg; gbg;G – gFjp -1 jkpo; Kjyhkhz;L – Kjw;gUtk;

2020 - 2021 myF – 1 ftpij

1. ghujpahh; - neQ;RnghWf;F jpiyNa… (7 ghly;fs;)

2. ghujpjhrd; - 1. jkpopd; ,dpik 2. rq;fehjk;

3. ftpkzpNjrpa tpehafk;gps;is - kyUk; khiyAk; - ‘Nfhtpy; topghL’ 4. ftpQh; Rujh - Njd;kio – ‘jiyik jhq;Fk; jkpo;’ 5. mg;Jy; uFkhd; - Myhgid – ‘MwhtJ mwpT’ 6. K.Nkj;jh - Njrg; gpjhTf;F xU njUg;ghlfdpd; mQ;ryp 7. eh.jduhrd; - me;jfpuhkj;J kdpjd; - ‘J}a;ik kyul;Lk;’ 8. Rfpu;juhzp - rpwg;G kz;lyk; - vq;fs; tsehL 9. khyjp ikj;up - mfjp myF -2 ciueil

1. uh.gp.NrJg;gps;is - tho;f;ifAk; ituhf;fpaKk; 2. kapiy rPdp Ntq;flrhkp - goq;fhyj;J mzpfyd;fs;

myF -3 ehlfk;

1. mwpQh; mz;zh - ghujk; 2. MW. mofg;gd; - nfhy;ypg;ghit

myF -4 rpWfij

1. ehw;fhyp - fp. uh[ehuhazd; 2. tst.Jiuad; - Nryj;jhh; tz;b

myF -5 nkhopj;jpwd; 1. mbg;gil ,yf;fzk; - ngah;r;nrhy;> tpidr;nrhy; mwpjy;

2. z-d-e> y-s>o u-w NtWghL mwpjy;

3. fiyr;nrhy;yf;fk;

4. gpwnkhopr; nrhy; ePf;fpj; jkpo;r;nrhy; mwpjy;

nghUslf;fk;

6

,yf;fpa tuyhW ghlg;gFjpia xl;ba ,yf;fpa tuyhW : 20-Mk; E}w;whz;Lf; ftpQh;fs; ftpij> ciueil> ehlfk;> rpWfij Mfpa ,yf;fpaq;fspd; tsh;r;rp epiy.

ghujpahh;

mbikj; jiyapy; rpf;Fz;L cwq;fpf; fple;j jkpofj;ijj; jk; ghl;L

jpwj;jhy; vOg;gp vOr;rpAwr; nra;jth; kfhftpghujpahh;.

Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahh; 11.12.1882-,y; vl;ilaGuj;jpy; rpd;drhkp

ma;aUf;Fk;> ,yf;Fkpak;ikahh;f;Fk; kfdhfg; gpwe;jhu;. ney;iy ,e;Jf;

fy;Y}hpapy; gapd;w ,th;> gjpNdhuhk; tajpNyNa rk];jhdg; Gytu;fshy;

ghujp vd;Dk; gl;lk; #l;lg;ngw;wth;. nry;yk;khs; ,tu;jk; Jiztp Mthh;.

Rje;jpu Ntl;ifapidg; ghujj;jpYk;> Fwpg;ghfj; jkpofj;jpYk; Cl;ba

ghujpahh; ,tUila Nrhjpkpf;f etftpijfs; Rit GjpJ> nghUs; GjpJ>

tsk; GjpJ> nrhy; GjpJ vd;W jpfo;gitahFk;.

ghujpahhpd; fz;zd;ghl;L ,iwAzh;NthL fhjYzh;itAk; Rl;Ltd.

ghQ;rhyp rgjk; mwj;jpd; ntw;wpiaAk;> ngz;zpdj;jpd; rPh;ikia

tpsf;FtjhFk;. Fapy;ghl;L ,aw;ifapd; Ngnuopiy tpsf;FtNjhL jj;Jtf;

fUj;Jf;fisAk; vLj;jpak;GtjhFk;.

ghujpahh; tUtJzUk; Nguwpthsh;@ 19-Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,WjpapYk;

,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpYk; tho;e;j mth;> ,d;iwa mwptpay;

tsh;r;rpapid md;Nw ,ak;gpdhh;.

cyf caph;fspnyy;yhk; ,iwtidf; fz;l ghujpahh;> rhjp rka

tof;Ffis ntWj;jth;. ghujpg;ngUkfdhh; 12.09.1921y; ,aw;if va;jpdhh;.

myF -1

7

“mwpNt nja;tk;” vd;Wk;> “Rj;j mwpNt rptk;” vd;Wk; Nghw;wpa ghujpahh;

jkpo; thOk;tiu tho;thh;.

ghujpahh; ftpijfspy; “ghuj [dq;fspd; jw;fhy epiy” vd;Dk;

jiyg;gpy; mike;j ghly; ghlg;gFjpahFk;.

ghuj [dq;fspd; jw;fhy epiyik

(nehz;br; rpe;J)

1. neQ;R nghWf;F jpiyNa - ,e;j epiynfl;l kdpjiu epidj;Jtpl;lhy;>

mQ;rp aQ;rpr; rhthh; - ,th; mQ;rhj nghUspy;iy mtdpapNy@ tQ;ridg; Nga;fs; vd;ghh; - ,e;j kuj;jpy; vd;ghh; me;jf; Fsj;jpy; vd;ghh;@ JQ;RJ Kfl;by; vd;ghh; - kpfj; Jah;g;gLthh; vz;zpg;gag;gLthh; (neQ;R)

2. ke;jpu thjp vd;ghh; - nrhd;d khj;jpuj;jp Nykdf; fpypgpbg;ghh;@ ae;jpu #dpaq;fs;- ,d;Dk; vj;jid Mapuk; ,th;Jah;fs;! je;j nghUisf; nfhz;Nl – [dk; jhq;Fth; cyfj;jpy; murnuy;yhk;@ me;j murpaiy - ,th; mQ;RjU Ngnad; nwz;zp neQ;rk; mah;thh; (neQ;R)

3. rpg;ghiaf; fz;L mQ;Rthh; - Ch;r;

Nrtfd; tUjy;fz;L kdk;gijg;ghh;@ Jg;ghf;fp nfhz;L xUtd; ntF J}uj;jpy; tuf;fz;L tPl;bnyhspg;ghh;@ mg;ghy; vtNdh nry;thd; - mtd; Miliaf; fz;Lgae;njOe;J epw;ghh;@ vg;NghJk; iffl;Lthh; - ,th; ahhplj;Jk; g+idfs;Nghy; Vq;fpelg;ghh;. (neQ;R)

4. neQ;R nghWf;F jpiyNa - ,e;j epiynfl;l kdpjiu epidj;Jtpl;lhy;>

nfhQ;rNkh gphptpidfs; - xU Nfhb vd;why; mJ nghpjhNkh? MWjiy nad;W kfd; nrhy;yp tpl;lhy; neQ;R gphpe;jpL thh; - gpd;G

8

neLehs; ,UtUk; gifj;jpUg;ghh; (neQ;R)

5. rhj;jpuq;fs; xd;Wk; fhzh;- ngha;r; rhj;jpug; Nga;fs; nrhy;Yk; thh;j;ij ek;gpNa

Nfhj;jpuk; xd;whapUe;jhYk; xU nfhs;ifapw; gphpj;jtidf; Fiyj;jpfo; thu;@ Njhj;jpuq;fs; nrhy;yp mth;jhk; -jikr; #Jnra;Ak; ePrh;fisg; gzpe;jpLthh;@ Mj;jpuq; nfhz;Nl ,td; irtd; - ,td; mhpgf;jd; vd;W ngUQ;rz;ilapLthh;.

6. neQ;R nghWf;F jpiyNa - ,ij epide;J epide;jpbDk; ntWf;F jpiyNa@

fQ;rp Fbg;gjw;F fpyhh; - mjd; fhuzq;fs; ,itnad;Dk; mwpTkpyhh; gQ;rNkh gQ;rk; vd;Nw – epjk; ghpjtpj;Nj caph; JbJbj;Jj; JQ;rp kbfpd; whNu - ,th; Jah;fisj; jPh;f;fNthh; topapiyNa (neQ;R)

7. vz;zpyh NehAilahh; - ,th; vOe;J elg;gjw;Fk; typikapyhh;

fz;zpyhf; Foe;ij fs;Nghy; - gpwh; fhl;ba topapw;nrd;W khl;bf; nfhs;thh;@ ez;zpa ngUq;fiyfs; - gj;J ehyhapuq; Nfhb eae;Jepd;w> Gz;zpa ehl;bdpNy - ,th; nghwpaw;w tpyq;Ffs; Nghy tho;thh; (neQ;R)

ghujpjhrd;

jkpOf;Fk; mKnjd;W Ngh; vdf; ftpij ahj;J> J}q;fpa jkpoiuj;

jl;b vOg;gpath; Gul;rpf; ftpQh; ghujpjhrdhh;.

,th; 29.4.1891-,y; GJitapy; jpU. fdfrig - ,yf;Fkp

mk;ikahUf;F kftha;g; gpwe;jhh;. 1908-,y; fhiuf;fhypy; Mrphpag; gzpapy;

Nrh;e;jhh;. ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; Mfpa Kj;jkpopYk; tpj;jfuha; tpsq;fpdhh;.

ngUq;ftpQh; ghujpahhpd; khztuhdhh;. = Rg;gpukzpa ghujpapd;

ftpjh kz;lyj;ijr; rhh;e;j fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk; vd;Dk; ngUk; NgWngw;whh;.

,th; vOjpa Kjw;ftpij ‘vq;nfq;Ff; fhzpDk; rf;jpalh’ vdj;

njhlq;Fk; ftpijahFk;.

9

ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs; ehd;F njhFjpfshf ntspte;Js;sd. FLk;g

tpsf;F> ,Uz;ltPL> ghz;bad; ghpR> mofpd;rpupg;G> FwpQ;rpj;jpl;L>

jkpopaf;fk;> ,iraKJ Kjyhd gy E}y;fisAk; vOjpAs;shh;. fw;fz;L>

gprpuhe;ijahh;> ,uzpad; my;yJ ,izaw;w tPud; Nghd;w gy

ehlfq;fisAk;. rpy rpWfijfisAk; vOjpAs;shh;. 72 Mz;Lfs;

epiwtho;T tho;e;j Gul;rpf; ftpQh; ghNte;jh; ghujpjhrdhh; 21.04.1964 md;W

,aw;if va;jpdhh;.

,q;F ghujpjhrd; ftpijfspy; ‘jkpopd; ,dpik’> ‘rq;fehjk;’ Mfpa

ftpijfs; ghlkhf;fg;gl;ls;sJ.

jkpopd; ,dpik

fdpapil Vwpa RisAk; - Kw;wy; fioapil Vwpa rhWk; gdpkyh; Vwpa NjDk;> fha;r;Rg; ghfpil Vwpa RitAk; edpgR nghopAk; ghYk; - njd;id ey;fpa Fsphps ePUk;> ,dpad vd;Ngd; vdpDk; - jkpio vd;Daph; vd;Ngd; fz;Bh;! nghopypil tz;bd; xypapd; -Xilg; Gdypil tha;f;Fk; fypAk;> Foypil tha;f;Fk; ,irAk; - tPiz nfhl;bLk; mKjg; gz;Zk;> Fotpfs; koiyg; Ngr;Rk; - ngz;fs; nfhQ;rpLk; ,jopd; tha;g;Gk;> tpioFt NdDk;> jkpOk; - ehDk; nka;aha; clYaph; fz;Bh;! gapYWk; mz;zd; jk;gp> - mf;fk; gf;fj; Jwtpd; Kiwahh;> jiakpF cilahs; md;id – vd;idr; re;jjk; kwthj; je;ij>

10

Fapy;Nghw; NgrpLk; kidahs;> - md;igf; nfhl;b tsh;f;Fk; gps;is> mayt uhFk; tz;zk; - jkpo; vd; mwptpdpy; ciwjy; fz;Bh;! ePyr; Rlh;kzp thdk;> - Mq;Nf epiwaf; Fsph;ntz; zpythk;. Fly;Nky; vy;yhk; xspahk;> khiyr; Rlhpdpy; %o;Fk; - jiy kiyfspd; ,d;gf; fhl;rp> Nknyd vOJk; ftpQh; - jkpopd; tpe;ijia vOjj; juNkh? nre;ney; khw;wpa NrhWk; - gRnea; Njf;fpa fwpapd; tifAk; jd;dpfh; jhdpak; Kjpiu – fl;bj; japNuhL kpsfpd; rhWk;> ed;kJ uQ;nra; fpoq;F – fhzpy; ehtpyp dpj;jpLk;mg;gk;> cd;id tsh;g;gd jkpoh! Capiu czh;itk tsh;g;gJ jkpNo!

rq;f ehjk; vq;fs; tho;Tk; vq;fs; tsKk;

kq;fhj jkpnod;W rq;Nf Koq;F!

vq;fs; gifth; vq;Nfh kiwe;jhh;.

,q;Fs;s jkpoh;fs; xd;whjy; fz;Nl!

jpq;fnshLk; nrOk;ghpjp jd;NdhLk; tpz;NzhLk; cLf;f NshLk;

kq;Fy;fly; ,tw;NwhLk; gpwe;jjkpOld; gpwe;Njhk; ehq;fs;> Mz;ikr;

rpq;fj;jpd; $l;lnkd;Wk; rpwpNahh;f;F Qhgk; nra; Koq;F rq;Nf (vq;)

rpq;fsQ;Nrh; njd;dhl;L kf;fs;

jPuhjp jPunud; W}J}J rq;Nf!

nghq;Fk; jkpoh;f; fpd;dy; tpisj;jhy;

rq;fhuk; eprnkdr; rq;Nf Koq;F!

ntq;nfhLikr; rhf;fhl;by; tpisahLk; Njhnsq;fs; ntw;wpj; Njhs;fs;!

fq;ifiag;Nghy; fhtphpNghy; fUj;Jf;fs; CWKs;sk; vq;fs; cs;sk;!

ntq;FUjp jdpw;fko;e;J tPuQ;nra; fpd;wjkpo; vq;fs; %r;rhk;! (vq;)

11

Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is

,th; Nj&hpy; rptjhZg; gps;isf;Fk; Mjpyl;Rkp mk;ikahUf;Fk;

mUe;jtg;Gjy;tuha; 1876Mk; Mz;L Mb khjk; 14-k; ehspy; gpwe;jhh;.

Nj&hpy; njhlf;ff; fy;tpiaAk;> jpUthtLJiw Mjpdk; thzd; jpl;L

klk; rhe;jypq;fj; jk;gpuhdplk; jkpo;f; fy;tpiaAk; fw;whh;. 1895-,y;

mofk;ik Mrphpa tpUj;jk; vd;w jkJ Kjy; ftpij E}iyg; gilj;jhh;.

gpd;dh; 1901,y; njhlf;fg;gs;sp Mrphpauhfj; jk; tho;itj; njhlq;fpdhh;.

ghujpjhrd; ghly;fspy; Gay; mbj;jhy; ,tUila ftpijfspy;

njd;wy; tPRk; vd;gh;. ,tUila ftpijfspy; nkd;ikAk;> ngz;ikAk;

jtOk;> eifr;RitAk; jJk;Gk;. ntz;ghtpy; ,tu; kpfr; rpwe;j

ftpijfis ,aw;wpdhu;.

Nfhl;lhwpy; Mq;fpyg; gs;spapy; ,tu; gbj;jjhy; Mq;fpy nkhopapy;

ntspte;j mwpQh; vl;tpd; Mu;dhy;l; vd;gthpd; Light of Asia vd;gij ‘Mrpa

N[hjp’ vd;Dk; E}yhfg; gilj;jhh;. ghurPff; ftpQh; ckhh;fa;ahk;

ghly;fi Mq;fpynkhopngah;g;gpypUe;J jkpopy; ,dpa eilapy; mofhfj;

jOtp vOjpAs;shh;. ,tuJ ghly;fspy; Kw;Nghf;fhd rPh;j;jpUj;jf;

fUj;Jf;fs; nghjpe;jpUf;Fk;.

,th; gilj;j =Njtpapd; fPh;j;jdq;fs; (1956) vd;Dk; ,ir E}Yf;Fk;

‘Foe;ijr; nry;tk;’ (1957) vd;Dk; ftpijj; njhFjpf;Fk; jkpof muR

ghpRfis toq;fpAs;sJ.

kUkf;fs; top khd;kpak; (1917-18) fhe;jSh;r;rhiy (1936) kyUk;

khiyAk; (1938) MrpaN[hjp (1941) ,se;njd;wy; (1941) ehQ;rpy; ehl;L

kUkf;fs; top khd;kpak; (1942) ckhh;fa;ahk; (1945) Nghd;wd ,tUila

gilg;Gfspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fdthFk;.

1940 ,y; ftpkzp gl;lk; ngw;w ,f;ftpQh; 1954 Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gh;

26Mk; ehs; kiwe;jhh;.

,tUila ‘kyUk; khiyAk;’ vd;w E}ypy; cs;s ‘Nfhtpy; topghL’

vd;Dk; ghly; ,q;Fg; ghlg;gFjpahf mike;Js;sJ.

12

kyUk; khiyAk;

Nfhtpy;topghL

Nfhtpy; KOJq;fz;Nld; - cay; NfhGuk; Vwpf;fz;Nld; Njthjp Njtidahd; - Njhop! NjbAk; fz;byNd. njg;gf; Fsq;fz;Nld;-Rw;wpj; NjNuhLk; tPjpfz;Nld;> va;g;gpy;iyg; ghk; mtidj;-Njhop! Vioahd; fz;byNd. rpw;gr; rpiy fz;Nld; - ey;y rpj;jpu Ntiyfz;Nld;> mw;Gj %h;j;jpapidj; - Njhop! mq;nfq;Fk; fz;byNd> nghd;Dk; kzpAq;fz;Nld; - thrk; nghq;Fg+ khiy fz;Nld; vd;dg;gd; vk;gpuhidj; - Njhop! ,d;Dk;ahd; fz;byNd> J}g kpLjy; fz;Nld; -jPgk; Rw;wp vLj;jy; fz;Nld;> Mgj;jpy; fhg;gtidj; - Njhop! mq;Nfahd; fz;byNd> jpy;iyg; gjpAq;fz;Nld; - mq;Fr; rpw;wk; gyKq;fz;Nld;> fy;iyf; fdpnra;Nthidj; - Njhop! fz;fshw; fz;byNd> fz;Zf; fpdpafz;L – kdj;ijf; fhl;by; miyatpl;L> gz;zpLk; G+irahNy – Njhop! gandhd; wpy;iy> mb! cs;sj;jpy; cs;shdb – mJ eP czu Ntz;Lkb cs;sj;jpy; fhz;ghnadpy; - Nfhtpy; cs;NsAk; fhz;ghab.

13

Rujh

,th; jQ;ir khtl;lk;> gioaD}hpy; jpUNtq;flk;> rz;gfk;

jk;gjpaUf;F 23.11.1921 ,y; kfdhfg; gpwe;jhh;. ,tuJ ,aw;ngah;

,uh[Nfhghy;> ghNte;jh; kPJ nfhz;l gw;wpd; fhuzkhf mtuJ

,aw;ngauhd fdfRg;Guj;jpdk; vd;gjpy; Rg;Guj;jpdk; vd;Dk; ngaUld;

jhrd; vd;w ngaiuAk; Nrh;j;Jj; jk;ikr; Rg;Guj;jpdjhrd; vd;W mioj;Jf;

nfhz;lhh;. gpd;dhspy; mg;ngaiu ,yf;fpa cyfpy; Rujh vd;W epiyj;jJ.

‘Njd;kio’ JiwKfk; Mfpad ,tUila gilg;GfSs;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fdthFk;.

“jileilNa mth; vOj;jpy; ,y;iy – thioj; jz;Lf;fh jLf;fpd;w fZf;fs; cz;L” “gLj;jpUf;Fk; tpdhf;FwpNghy; kPir itj;j ghz;bah;fs;”

vd;Dk; ,tuJ ftpij mbfspy; ctikfs; xspUk; ,jdhy; ,tiu

ctikf;ftpQh; vd;W ftpQh;fs; ghuhl;Lth;.

Njd;kio vd;w E}Yf;Fj;jkpo; tsh;r;rpf; fofk; ghpR mspj;jJ. 1978-

Mk; Mz;L ‘ghNte;jh;’ tpUjpidg; ngw;W mjid Kjd;Kjypy; ngw;wth;

vd;w ngUikf;F chpatuhdhh;. jkpof ,ay; ,ir ehlf kd;wk; ,tUf;Ff;

‘fiykhkzp’ vd;w gl;lj;jpid toq;fpaJ.

“,yf;fpak; rhh;e;j Ngr;Rk;> gioa E}y;fisj; Njbj; Njb thq;fpr;

Nrh;g;gJk;”> ,tUf;F kpfTk; gpbj;jkhditahFk;.

14

,q;Fg; ghlg;gFjpahf mike;Js;s ‘jiyik jhq;Fk; jkpo;’,

‘neQ;rpy; epWj;Jq;fs;’ vDk; ftpijfs; ghlkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

jiyik jhq;Fk; jkpo;

gLj;jpUf;Fk; tpdhf;FwpNghy kPir itj;j ghz;bah;fs; tsh;j;jnkhop flypd; ePiu cLj;jpUf;Fk; cyfj;jpy; jiyik jhq;Fk; cah;e;jnkhop ntspehl;lhh; nkhopf;Fr; nrhw;fs; nfhz;lnkhop Fkhpnkhop fhg;gpaq;fs; tbj;jpUf;Fk; Mjpnkhop> mwptpy; %j;j ts;Stid <d;wnkhop jkpNo ahFk;. Njd;gpwe;j gpd;kyu;fs; gpwg;g jpy;iy jpirgpwe;j gpd;thdk; gpwg;g jpy;iy kPd;gpwe;j gpd;Fsq;fs; gpwg;gjpy;iy Nty;gpwe;j gpd;,Uk;G gpwg;g jpy;iy Njd;Ruf;Fk; jkpo;gpwf;F Kd;Ng kw;w Njrj;jhh; NgRnkhop gpwf;f tpy;iy thd;gpwf;Fk; Kd;fhw;Wg; gpwe;j Jz;Nlh? itaj;jpy; jkpo;NghYk; rpwe;j Jz;Nlh?

neQ;rpy; epWj;Jq;fs;

Gj;jp vd;gJ epj;jpiu tlnkhop mwpntd; gJNt mKjj; jkpo;nkhop cj;ju ntd;gNjh xl;lhjhh; cjl;nlhyp fl;lis vd;gNj fdpe;j jkpnohyp rpj;jpuk; vd;gJ jPg;nghwp tlnkhop Xtpak; vd;gNj Xq;FGfo;j; jkpo;nkhop epj;jpiu vd;gJ neUg;G tlnkhop cwf;fk; vd;gNj cyTk; jkpo;nkhop jUf;fk; vd;gJ jkpod; whjypd;

15

MUaph; md;gNd msitE}y; vd;Wnrhy; tUf;fk; vd;gJ tlth; tha;r;nrhy; tFg;ngz; gJNt kJuj; jkpo;r;nrhy; gUtjk; vd;gJ ige;jkpo; od;W kiynad;gJNt khk;goj; jkpo;r;nrhy; ,urk; vd;W eP VndOj Ntz;Lk; rhnwDk; Njd;nrhy; jkpopypUf;ifapy;? epGzd; vDQ;nrhy; epr;rak; tlnrhy; ez;gNd ty;ytd; vd;gNj ek;nrhy; rgjk; vd;gJ tlnkhopr; rj;jk; tQ;rpdk; vd;gNj kzpj;jkpo; Xir mgpkhdk; vd;gNjh Mhpa thh;j;ij gw;nwd; gJNt ghy;tha;g; gRe;jkpo; cgejp vd;gNjh XNlhb te;jnrhy; fpisah nwd;gNj ,sikj; jkpo;r;nrhy;! #yk; vd;gJ RePjpapd; jha;nkhop Ntnyd;gJNt ntz;Fj;jp ahh;nkhop ghyfd; vd;gJ ghQ;rhyp thh;j;ij Foe;ij vd;gNj Fkzd; kidtp nrhy; Nfyp vd;gJ fphPbapd; kidtpnrhy; Gfb vd;gNj guzh; kidtpnrhy; Myak; vd;gNj mekpj;ud; kidtpnrhy; Nfhapy; vd;gNj Fsk;gdhh; kidtpnrhy; rfrk; vd;gJ jrujd; jha;nkhop ,aw;if nad;gNj ,sk;ngU tOjpnrhy; tpfw;gk; vd;gJ tpJud; thh;j;ij NtWgh nld;gNj ntz;g+jd; tha;r;nrhy; jfek; vd;gJ jUkd; jha;nkhop vhpj;jy; vd;gNj ,sk;Nghjp ahh;nkhop mfpyk; vd;gNjh mUr;Red; thh;j;ij cyfk; vd;gNj ciwadhh; XirNa!

16

mg;Jy; uFkhd; ftpf;Nfh vd;w rpwg;Gg; gl;lg;ngaUf;Fhpath;. ftpauq;fj; jdpf;

ftpQh;. GJf;ftpijapy; Gjpa thu;j;ijfis thu;g;gjpy; ty;yth;.

rpNyilahff; ftpij je;J rpupf;fTk;> rpe;jpf;fTk; nra;gtu;. gbkf; ftpQh;.

ghy;tPjp> Neah; tpUg;gk;> kuzk; Kw;Wg;Gs;sp my;y Nghd;wit ftpf;Nfhtpd;

gilg;Gfs;. ,jo;fspd; top gilg;Gfisj; je;jth; nfhz;bUg;gth;.

fz;zjhrdhy; jkpo;ehl;L fyPy; [pg;uhd; vdg;ghuhl;lg; ngw;wth;. Myhgid

vd;Dk; nkhopngah;g;Gf; ftpijj; njhFg;gpw;fhf 1999-,y; rhfpj;a mfhjkp

ghpR ngw;wth;.

2015-k; Mz;L jpdkzp ,jo;> fyhk; rpwg;G kyh; xd;iw ntspapl;lJ.

mt;tpjopy;> ‘ftpijfspy; fyhk;’ vd;w gFjpapy; gy ftpQh;fs;

mg;Jy;fyhikg; gw;wpf; ftpij vOjpdh;. ftpf;Nfh mg;Jy;uFkhd; ‘fdT

ehafd;’ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpl;L mg;Jy;fyhikg; gw;wp jpdkzpapy; vOjpa

ftpij <z;L ghlg; gFjpahf cs;sJ.

Myhgid (MwhtJ mwpT)

caphpdq;fspy;

17

kdpjd; kl;Lk;jhd; MwhtJ mwpitg; Ngw;wpUf;fpwhd;. mjw;fhf mtd; ngUikg;gLfpwhd;. Mdhy;- caphpdq;fspy; kdpjd; kl;Lk;jhd; ftiyg;gLfpwhd; MwhtJ mwpT vd;gJ mtd; Rkf;Fk; rpYitah? caphpdq;fspy; kdpjd; kl;Lk;jhd; mOfpwhd; MwhtJ mwpT vd;gJ fhakh? caphpdq;fspy; kdpjd; kl;Lk;jhd; thu;j;ijfshy; fhag;gLfpwhd; MwhtJ mwpT vd;gJ fd;df;NfhNyh? caphpdq;fspy; kdpjd; kl;Lk;jhd; ghtk; nra;fpwhd; MwhtJ mwpT vd;gJ Rhj;jhdpd; vr;rpyh? caphpdq;fspy; kdpjd; kl;Lk;jhd; gpr;ir vLf;fpwhd; MwhtJ mwpT vd;gJ jhpj;jpukh? caphpdq;fspy; kdpjd; kl;Lk;jhd; Ruz;bg; gpiof;fpwhd; MwhtJ mwpT vd;gJ Mepahaj;jpd; fUg;igah? caphpdq;fspy; kdpjd; kl;Lk;jhd; nfhiyf; fUtpfisf; fz;Lgpbj;jhd; MwhtJ mwpT vd;gJ nfh^uj;jpd; tpisepykh?

18

caphpdq;fspy; kdpjd; kl;Lk;jhd; flTspd; Nguhy; rz;il NghLfpwhd; MwhtJ mwpT vd;gJ fz;iz %Lk; ,Ush? caphpdq;fspy; kdpjd; kl;Lk;jhd; ghYzhitAk; gpur;ridahf;fpf; nfhz;ltd; MwhtJ mwpT vd;gJ rpf;fy; tpOe;j E}yh? caphpdq;fspy; kdpjd; kl;Lk;jhd; rfkdpjidj; jPz;lj;jfhjtd; vd;wtd; MwhtJ mwpT vd;gJ khWfz;zh? caphpdq;fspy; kdpjd; kl;Lk;jhd; g+kpapy; NfhLfs; fpopj;Jg; gifik ghuhl;Lgtd; MwhtJ mwpT vd;gJ fpWf;Fj;jdkh? caphpdq;fspy; kdpjd; kl;Lk;jhd; murpay; fiyiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jtd; MwhtJ mwpT vd;gJ tQ;rf tiyah? caphpdq;fspy; kdpjidj; jpUj;jj;jhd; J}ju;fSk; mtjhuq;fSk; Ntjq;fSk; ePjpE}y;fSk; Njitg;gLfpd;wd MwhtJ mwpT vd;gJ Rakhpahijapd; fy;yiwah? my;yJ Nehah? caphpdq;fspy; kdpjd; kl;Lk; jhd;

MwhtJ mwpitg; ngw;wpUf;fpwhd; mjw;fhf mtd; ngUikg;gLfpwhd;.

19

K.Nkj;jh

ftpQh; K. Nkj;jh khepyf; fy;Y}hpapy; jkpo;g;Nguhrphpauhfg;

gzpGhpe;J Xa;T ngw;wth;. ftpij rpWfij> Gjpdk; fl;Liu vd epiwag;

gilg;Gfisg; gilj;Js;shh;. GJf;ftpijfisg; ghbAs;shh;.

Ch;tyk; vd;w E}ypDf;F jkpof murpd; Kjw;ghpR fpilj;Js;sJ.

Nrhoepyh vd;w Gjpdk; ghpR ngw;w rhpj;jpu ehtyhFk;. K.Nkj;jhtpd;

ftpijfspy; vspikAk; vs;sYk; vOr;rpAk; fhzKbfpd;wJ. ftpQh;

v];.mwpTkjp K.Nkj;jhitg;gw;wp “K.Nkj;jhtpd; fhyk; ftpijfspd;

nghw;fhyk; mtuJ Ngdhr; nrq;Nfhy; jho;e;jNj ,y;iy. GJf;ftpijf;

Fjpiufisg; g+l;b rhul;L xl;ba xUth;!” vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. ,th;

jpiug;glg; ghly;fisAk; vOjpAs;shh;. ,tUila fhj;jpUe;j fhw;W vd;w

E}ypy; ftpij gilg;gFjpahf ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

Njrg;gpjhTf;F njUg;ghlfdpd; mQ;ryp vDk; ftpij mz;zy;

fhe;jpabfisg; gw;wp vOjg;gl;l vy;NyhuhYk; ghuhl;lg;gl;l ftpijahFk;.

Njrg;gpjhTf;Fj; njUg;ghlfdpd; mQ;ryp – K.Nkj;jh ghNte;jh; tpUJngw;w ,th; kJiu khtl;lj;Jg; nghpa Fsj;jpy; gpwe;jth; thdk;ghbf; ftpQh; thpirapy; jdf;nfd;W Xh; ,lj;ijj; jf;f itj;Jf; nfhz;lth;. ,tuJ “fz;zPh;g; g+f;fs;” gyuhYk; ghuhl;Lk; ftpijj; njhFg;ghFk;. ,tuJ ‘Ch;tyk;’ vd;fpw ftpijj; njhFg;G jkpof murpd; ghpR ngw;Ws;sJ. ,tuJ Mfhaj;jpy; mLj;jtPL rhfpj;jpa mfhlkp ghpR ngw;wJ. jdJ ftpijfs; %yk; r%fr; rpf;fy;fis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;. Njrg;gpjh Fwpj;J mikAk; gpd;tUk; ftpij ,tiu cyfstpy; milahsg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. cd;Dila glq;fs;

Ch;tyk; Nghfpd;wd eP Vd; jiy Fdpe;jgb eLj;njUtpy; epw;fpwha;? ntSj;Jg; Ngha; tpl;l

20

Njrg; glj;Jf;Fg; GJr;rhak; G+Rk; Gz;zpa jpdj;jpy; Gj;jpu Njrj;Jf;fhf eP Gyk;GtJ vd; fhjpy; tpOfpwJ vq;fs; Njrg;gpjhNt mikjp nfhYtpUf;Fk; cd; rpiyfisg; ghh;f;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; ehd; mOJ tpLfpNwd;! fz;zPhpd; ntg;gj;jhy; vd; ftpij KOik ngwhkNy Kbe;J tpLfpwJ.

Njrg; glj;jpYs;s

NfhLfs; tpLjiyf;Fg; Nghuhba tPuj; jpahfpfspd; tpyh vYk;Gf; $Lfs;! mopf;f Kbahj fy;nywp glhj me;j epidTr; rpd;dj;jpd; %yNk mth;fSf;F ehq;fs; mQ;ryp nrYj;jp tpLfpNwhk;!

fz;zPh; flypy;

fyq;fs; %o;fpa gpwF milf;fyk; Njba MGj;jpuNd! mKj Rugpiaj;jhd; eP je;J nrd;wha; ,g;NghJ vq;fs; iffspy; ,Ug;gNjh gpr;irg; ghj;jpuk;! ,e;j khw;wj;ij epfo;j;jpa

21

ke;jputhjpfs; ahh;? epoYf;Fs; kiwe;jpUf;Fk; epoiy ahh; mk;gyg;gLj;JtJ?

rhpj;jpu khspifapy;

m`pk;irg; Ngnuhspapy; gfj;rpq;Ffs; kiwf;fg;gl;ljhy; jhdh Rje;jpu khspifia vypfs; Ruz;Lfpd;wd? kapYf;Fg; Nghh;it je;jtdpd; kugpNy te;jth;fs; vq;fs; Nkdpapy; fplf;Fk; fe;jy; rl;iliaAk; Row;wpf; nfhz;L Nghfpwhh;fs;! MLfis cdf;fhf tsh;j;Njhk; ehsiltpy; ehq;fNs ke;ij MLfsha; khwpg; NghNdhk;! vq;fs; tapw;iwg; Gwf;fzpj;J tpl;Lf; fhk;Gfis Nerpf;fpwhh;fs; vq;fSf;Fj; jPtdk; fpilf;fhtpl;lhy; Nka;g;gth;fSf;F kl;Lk; vg;gbNah ,dhk; fpilj;JtpLfpwJ …. fz;zPhpy; ntg;gj;jhy; vd; ftpij KOik ngwhkNy Kbe;J tpLfpwJ….

rl;lf; fl;blq;fspy;

Xl;ilfs; tpOe;Jtpl;ld tajhfpg; Nghdjhy; jh;k ];J}gpfs; js;shLfpd;wd vq;fs; tho;f;if ,Ul;NlhL

22

,y;ywk; elj;JfpwJ! ghtj;ijj; jdpj;jdpNa nra;Jtpl;L nkhj;jkhfj; jPh;j;Jf; nfhs;sg; NghJkhd msT Gz;zpa ];jyq;fs; ,Ug;gjhy; vq;fs; ghuj Gj;jpuh;fs; J}R glhky; J}a;ikkahfNt ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;!

eP je;J nrd;wha;

,g;NghJ vq;fs; iffspy; ,Ug;gNjh gpr;irg; ghj;jpuk;! mizf;fl;Lfspy; jpwf;fg;gLk; jz;zPh; gs;sq;fis Vkhw;wptpl;L Nkl;il Nehf;fpNa gha;fpwJ Nrhpfspy; kl;LNk eP ahj;jpiu nra;tha; vd;gijj; njhpe;J nfhz;ljhy; cd;id Nerpj;jth;fs; Njrj;ijNa Nrhpahf khw;wptpl;lhh;fs;! ,e;j khw;wq;fis epfo;j;jpa ke;jputhjpfspd; fOj;Jf;F ehq;fs; khiy #l;LfpNwhk;.

cd;Dila glq;fs;

Ch;tyk; Nghfpd;wd… eP Vd; jiy Fdpe;jgb eLj; njUtpy; epw;fpwha;? Gj;jpu Njrj;Jf;fhf eP Gyk;GtJ

23

vd; fhjpy; tpOfpwJ mikjp nfhYtpUf;Fk; cd; rpiyfisg; ghh;f;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; ehd; mOJ tpLfpNwd; fz;zPhpd; ntg;gj;jhy; vd; ftpij KOik ngwhkNyNa Kbe;J tpLfpwJ.

ftpQh; eh. jduhrd ;

,th; jpUth&h; khtl;lk;> jpUj;Jiwg;g+z;b tl;lk;> Ntg;gQ;Nrhp vDk;

fpuhkj;jpy; ehuhazrhkp Njtu;> Ntjhk;ghs; jk;gjpapdhpd; kfdhf tptrha

FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;jhh;. mz;zhkiy gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; KJfiy gbg;gpy;

jq;fg;gjf;fk; ngw;wth;. ,tu; fy;Y}hp gUtj;jpypUe;Nj ftpij vOJtjpy;

ehl;lk; nfhz;ltuhf tpsq;fpath;. Kg;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Nky; jkpo;

Nguhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wp Nguht+uzp muRf; fy;Y}hpapd; Kjy;tuhfg;

gzpahw;wp tUfpwhh;.

gpugQ;rdpd; Gjpdf;fiy> fz;kpl;Lk; fyq;fs; ghlkwe;j ftpij> me;j

fpuhkj;J kdpjd; Kjyhd gj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l E}y;fis vOjpath;. gy

,yf;fpa mikg;Gfspd; gupRfis ngw;wth;. ,tuJ “me;j fpuhkj;J

kdpjd;” ftpijj; njhFg;gpy; cs;s ftpij ghlkhf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

J}a;ik kyul;Lk;

tho;f;ifg; gaz thrypy; epj;jk; thypgf; fdhf;fs;

rhjid nra;a re;jh;g;gk; Nfl;Fk;-GJr; rhpj;jpu epyhf;fs;!

24

tpah;itj; Jspapd; tPhpa tpijfs; tpisAk; NjrkpJ tpbaypd; uhfk; tpNtf fPjk; - jpdk; Nfl;Fk; fhykpJ! ciog;G kuj;jpy; nghJikg; G+f;fs; cyfpy; g+f;fl;Lk; fisg;G ePq;fp cOgth; tho;tpy; - GJf; fdTfs; gypf;fl;Lk;! rhjpAk; kjKk; rtf;Fop Nghf rupj;jpuk; khwl;Lk; rhjid Vl;by; ghuj Njrk; - jpdk; rhj;jpak; Mfl;Lk;! ,yQ;rk; Coy; ,y;yh ehlha; ,e;jpah ,Uf;fl;Lk; tQ;rk; ,y;yh kdpjh;fs; tho;e;J – Gfo; tho;f;if rpwf;fl;Lk;! Rw;Wr; #oy; tpopg;Gzh; Tw;W Njrk; xspul;Lk; Rje;jpuf; fhw;W Rod;W tPr – vopy; J}a;ik kyul;Lk;! Vw;wj;jho;T G+kpapy; ePq;fp mikjp epytl;Lk; Viofs; tho;T KOepyh Nghy – jpdk; xspAk; tPrl;Lk;!

ftpQh; Rfph;juhzp

25

jkpo; ftpQUk; vOj;jhsUk; ,th; NtY}h; khtl;lj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;.

“ifg;gw;wp vd; fdTNfhs;” “,uT kpUfk;” “mtis nkhopngah;j;jy;”>

jPz;lg;glhj Kj;jk;” kw;Wk; “fhkj;jpg;G+” Mfpa ftpij E}y;fis

,aw;wpAs;shh;. jw;NghJ ,uhzpg;Ngl;il muR ngz;fs; Nky;epiyg;gs;spapy;

jkpohrphpauhf gzpahw;wp tUfpd;whh;.

jkpohrpupauhf> ftpQuhf> ngz;Zhpik> r%f rkj;Jt tpLjiy

jsj;jpy; fsr;nraw;ghl;lhsuhfTs;s ,tUf;F “Re;ju uhkrhkp tpUJ”>

GJikg; gpj;jd; epidT tpUJ> ngz;zpar; rhjidahsh;> tpUJ cs;spl;l

gy tpUJfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,tuJ ftpijfs; mjd; nkhopf;fhfNth> mofpaYf;fhfNth

my;yhky;> mjd; cs;NshLk; ngz; tpLjiy> rkj;Jtj;jpw;fhfNt nghpJk;

mwpag;gl;lit.

vq;fs; tsehL vq;fs; tsehL vy;yh tsq;fSk; epiwe;jpUf;fpd;wd vd;Dila ehl;by; gr;irj;jkpod; rptg;Gj;jkpod; vd;Dk; ,dg;gpur;rid ,y;iy nre;jkpo; nrd;idj;jkpo; vd;Dk; nkhopg;gpur;rid ,y;iy ,uj;jj; J}z;fspd; kPJ fl;lg;gl;l Gj;j tpfhiufs; ,y;iy jil nra;ag;gl;l MAjq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; nfh^u Aj;jkpy;iy capu;gpiof;fg; gJq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; FopAkpy;iy Nghh; epWj;jk; vd;Dk; khakhykpy;iy raidL Fg;gpiaf; fOj;jpyzpe;j khtPuupy;iy nfhy;yg;gl;l gpwFk; Gzug;gl;l ngz; Nghuhspfspy;iy gpQ;Rf; Foe;ijfs; kPJ Fz;L tPrg;gl;l nrQ;Nrhiyfspy;iy capNuhL cliyAk; fhzhkybf;Fk; Ks;Ntyp Kfhk;fspy;iy $l ,Ue;Nj Fopgwpf;Fk;

26

fUizaw;w JNuhfpfspy;iy tha;f;fhypy; vy;yhk; Kbe;jNghJ gs;spaiwfspy; ahUk; gLf;fhkypy;iy ,g;gbnay;yhk; vOjpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; vdf;F khdKkpy;iy ehd; jkpor;rpAk; ,y;iy.

khyjp ikj;hp

GJr;Nrhp khepyj;ijr; Nrh;e;j khyjp ikj;hp 1968-y; gpwe;jhh;. xU

jkpo;f; ftpQh; vOj;jhsh; ngz;zpaj;ij fUnghUshff; nfhz;l

ftpijfSf;fhf mwpag;gl;lth; tpspk;G epiy murpay; kdpj chpik

murpay; nray;ghLfspy; njhlh;e;J <LgLgth;. ‘mzq;F’ vDk; ngz;zpa

,yf;fpa ,jopid elj;jp tUfpwhh; kw;Wk; jkpopd; Kjy; ngz;zpag;

gjpg;gfk; mzq;fpd; gjpg;ghsh; rhuq;fghzp (2001) ePhpd;wp mikahJ cyF

(2003)> ePyp (2005) vdJ kJf;Flit (2012)>Ks;fk;gpfshy; $L gpd;Dk;

gwit (2017)> fly; xU ePyr;nrhy; (2019) vd;git ,tuJ ftpijj;

njhFjpfs; tpLjiyia vOJjy; (2004) ek; je;ijaiuf; nfhy;tnjg;gb

(2008) ntl;lntsp rpiw (2014) vd;git ,tuJ fl;Liu E}y;fs; gwj;jy;

mjd; Rje;jpuk; (2004) kw;Wk; mzq;F (2005) E}y;fspd; njhFg;ghrphpah;.

mfjp

riltpOe;j $e;jy; fhw;wpy; ghk;Gfnsd nespa ghk;Gfnsd nespa jdJ cile;j fhiug; gw;fs; njhpa rphpf;fpwhs; NghNthh; tUNthiug; ghh;j;J jhh;r;rhiyg; Gspakuj;jbapy;

cly; KOtJk; Milahf ghypj;jPd; igfisr; Rw;wpf;nfhz;L fk;gPukhf miyfpwhs; mts; ghij KOJk; igfs; cuRk; rg;jk; njhlh;e;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;f ahhplKk; mts; ifNae;JtJ ,y;iy

27

vy;yhj; jiofisAk; mg;gbNa xbj;Jj; jpd;Wnfhz;Nl Ch; KOtJk; ghypj;jPd; igfis nghWf;fpf; nfhz;Nl jphpfpwhs; %l;il %l;ilahfg; Gspakuj;jbapy; jdJ cilikfis mLf;Ffpwhs; kuf;fpisfspy; Njhuzkhff; fl;bj; njhq;ftplg;gl;l igfs; ahiuNah tuNtw;f my;yJ VNjh xU ntw;wpiaf; nfhz;lhl fhw;wpy; miye;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd

ey;y ntapy; fhAk;nghOJ jhh;rhiyapy; cl;fhh;e;J nfhz;L Fr;rpapy; jhiu vLj;J igfis xl;b xl;b Gjpa Gjpa Milfisr; nra;J fzf;fpy;yhky; cLj;jpf; nfhs;fpwhs; vg;nghOJk; xU g+jhfhukhd Njhw;wj;JlNd miyAk; mtis neUq;f xUtuhYk; Kbe;jjpy;iy.

vq;fpUe;J te;jhs; ahhpts; xUtUf;Fk; njhpahJ gl;lhRr;rj;jk; Nfl;lhy; Gspakuj;jpd; Nth;fSf;Fs; gJq;fpf;nfhz;L mOJ fjWfpwhs;.

28

ciueil

tho;f;ifAk; ituhf;fpaKk; uh.gp.NrJg;gps;is

jkpo;ehl;by;> jpUney;Ntypapy; ,uhrty;ypGuk; vd;w Cupy; 1896-k;

Mz;L khh;r; jpq;fs; 2-k; ehs; gpwtpg;ngUkhs;gps;is – nrhh;zk;khs;

MfpNahUf;F fhh;fhj;j Ntshsh; Fyj;jpy; NrJ kfdhf gpwe;jhh;. NrJf;

flyhb ,uhNkRtuj;jpYs;s ,iwtidg; g+rpj;jjdhy; gpwe;j jk; kfDf;F

NrJ vd;w ngah; #l;bdhh;. ,uh.gp.NrJg;gps;isapd; Kd;ndOj;Jf;fshf

mike;j ‘,uh’vd;gJ ,uhrty;ypGuj;ijAk; ‘gp’vd;gJ ‘gpwtpg;ngUkhd;

gps;is’ mtu;fisAk; Fwpg;gd.

,th; vOjpa Kjy; fl;Liu E}y; ‘jpUts;Sth; E}y; eak;’

vd;gjhFk;. gilj;j ciueil E}y;fSs; jiyrpwe;jjhfTk;> tho;f;ifg;

ngUE}yhfTk; tpsq;FtJ. ‘jkpofk; CUk; NgUk;’ vd;gjhFk;. ,e;E}y;

mtupd; Kjph;e;j Muha;r;rpg; ngUE}yhfTk; xg;gw;w Muha;r;rpf;

fUT+ykhfTk; jpfo;fpwJ.

mLf;Fnkhop> vJif> Nkhid> ,yf;fpaj; njhlh; %d;iwAk;

ciueilf;Fs; nfhz;Lte;j NrJg;gps;isapd; Ngr;rhw;wiyg; ghuhl;bj;

jUkGu Mjpdk; 1960-Mk; Mz;L ‘nrhy;ypd; nry;th;’ vd;Dk; tpUJ

toq;fpaJ. ,tu; jkpOf;F Mw;wpag; gzpfSf;fhfr; nrd;idg;

gy;fiyf;fofk; ‘Kidth; gl;lk;’ toq;fpr; rpwg;gpj;jjJ. NkYk; nrd;id

gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; fhy; E}w;whz;L fhyk; gzpahw;wpaijg; ghuhl;b

‘nts;sptpoh’ kw;Wk; ‘,yf;fpag; NguwpQh;’ vd;w gl;lk; mspj;Jk;

rpwg;gpj;jJ. NrJg;gps;is Vg;uy; 25> 1961-y; jk; 65-Mk; tajpy; ,we;jhh;.

,tUila E}y;fs; ehl;Lilikahf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

myF –2

29

tho;f;ifAk; ituhf;fpaKk; Guhz ituhf;fpak; ituhf;fpak; vd;w nrhy;iyf; Nfl;lTlNd jkpo;ehl;by; toq;Fk;

,uz;nlhU thrfk; ek; epidtpw;F tUfpd;wJ@ xd;W Guhz ituhf;fpak;

kw;nwhd;W kahd ituhf;fpak;. ,t;tpuz;ilAk; rpwpJ ghu;g;Nghk;. Xhplj;jpy;

fk;guhkhazf;fij elf;fpwJ. ,uhkidf; fhl;Lf;Fg; NghFk;gb

fl;lisapLfpwhs; ifNfap. ‘Nfhry ehl;Lr; nry;tk; vy;yhk; ,dpg;

guDf;Nf chpaJ. ,J kd;dtd; Miz’ vd;W NgRfpwhs;. mJ Nfl;l

,uhkd; mfkyu;e;J ifFtpj;J

‘kd;dtd; gzpad; whfpy; Ek;kzp kWg;gNdh vd;

gpd;dtd; ngw;w nry;tk; mbaNdd; ngw;w jd;Nwh

vd;dpdp cWjp mg;ghy; ,g;gzp jiyNkw;nfhz;Nld;

kpd;ndhsph; fhdk; ,d;Nw NghfpNwd; tpilAk; nfhz;Nld;”

vd;W fhl;il Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gLfpwhd;. ,e;jg; ghl;ilf; Nfl;fpd;whd; xUtd;.

mtDf;Fk; mtd; jk;gpf;Fk; xU nrhj;ijf; Fwpj;J ePjpkd;wj;jpy;

neLtof;F elf;fpd;wJ. ghl;ilf; Nfl;;l epiyapy;> mtd; vz;Zfpd;whd;@

‘,uhkNd cj;jkd;@ jhd; NtW> jk;gp NtW vd;w vz;zk; mw;wtd;@

vt;tsT ngUe;jd;ikNahL gujk; ngw;w nry;tk; ehd; ngw;w nry;tkd;Nwh

vd;W NgRfpd;whd;. ehd; kl;Lk; vd; jk;gpapd; kPJ Vd; tof;if elj;j

Ntz;Lk;? me;jr;nrhj;ij vd; jk;gp Mz;lhy; vd;d> ehd; Mz;lhy; vd;d?

vd;W vz;zpf; nfhz;L tPl;bw;F tUfpd;whd;: grpjPu cz;fpd;whd;:

cwq;Ffpd;whd;. cwf;fj;jpNy ituhf;fpak; ciye;J tpLfpwJ.

kWehl;fhiyapy; mtd; tf;fPy; tPl;Lf;Fg; Nghfpwhd;. tof;F Kiwahf

elf;fpwJ. ,Jjhd; Guhz ituhf;fpak;.

kahd ituhf;fpak;

kw;nwhU ituhf;fpaj;ij ghh;g;Nghk;. xUtd; jpBh; vd;W

,we;JtpLfpwhd;. cw;whh; cwtpdh; vy;NyhUk; tUfpd;whh;fs;: fz;zPh;

nrhhpf;fpd;whh;fs;. <kj;jpy; Vw;Wfpd;whh;fs;. neUg;ig %l;Lfpd;whh;fs;.

mg;nghOJ xUtd; epidf;fpwhd; vd;d cyf tho;f;if! New;W ,Ue;jhd;.

30

,d;W Ngha;tpl;lhd;. vdf;Fk; ,g;gbj;jhNd MFk;! fhw;Ws;s NghNj

J}w;wpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

‘fdpNaDk; twpanrq; fhNaDk;

cjph;rUF fe;j% yq;fNsDk;

fdy;thij te;nja;jpd; ms;spg;G

rpj;Jehd; fz;%b nksdpahfpj;

jdpna, Ug;gjw; nfz;zNdd;

vz;zkpJ rhkpeP mwpahjNjh

ru;tghp G+uz fz;ljj; Jtkhd

rr;rpjh de;j rptNk”

vd;W mtd; ghLfpwhd;. kahdj;jpypUe;J jpUk;gp tUfpd;whd;. kdj;jpy;

vOe;j ituhf;fpak; khakha;g; gwe;J Nghfpd;wJ. ,Jjhd; kahd

ituhf;fpak;.

jPik> ed;ik

kdj;jpz;ikNa ituhf;fpakhFk;. kdj;jpz;ik mw;wth;fs; xU

nfhs;ifapy; epiyj;J epw;f khl;lhu;fs;. kd cWjpAilath;fs; kiyNghy;

ciyahJ epw;ghu;fs;. mth; nka; tUj;jk; ghuhh;. grp Nehf;fhh;. mUikAk;

ghuhh;. mtkjpg;Gk; nfhs;shh;. kdTWjp nfhz;L mwnewpapy; epw;Fk;

khe;jiu ,t;Tyfk; Nghw;Wk;> mhpr;re;jpud;> tha;ik vd;Dk; rj;jpa

newpapy; tOthJ epd;whd;. gytifahd Nrhjidf;F cl;gl;lhd;.

gjpapoe;jhd;. ghyid ,oe;jhd;. gilj;j epjp ,oe;jhd;. ,t;thW

xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf vy;yhtw;iwAk; ,oe;J> <dj;njhopy; GhpAk; fhyj;Jk;

rj;jpaj;ij tplhJ gw;wp epd;whd;@ jd;idr; Nrhjpf;f Kdptiu Nehf;fp>

‘gjpap oe;jdk;> ghyid apoe;jdk;> gilj;j

epjpap oe;jdk;> ,dpekf; Fsnjd epidf;Fk;

fjp apof;fpDk; fl;Liu ,of;fpNyd;”

vd;whd;. mJ Nfl;l Kdptd;> ‘kjpapoe;J> thapoe;J khdKk; ,oe;J

nrd;whd;’ vd;W mhpr;re;jpud; rupj;jpuk; $WfpwJ.

,dp kdpjh;f;Fhpa Fzq;fspw; rpwe;jJ nghWik vd;gh;. cs;sk;

fth;e;J vOe;J Xq;Fk; rpdj;ijf; fhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; FzNk vd;whh; xU

ftpQh;. ntk;ik tpistpg;gJ Nfhgk;. nrk;ik tpistpg;gJ nghWik.

31

,j;jifa nghWik kd cWjpahNy tUk;. nghWikapd; jd;ikiaj; jk;

tho;f;ifapNy nghUe;jf; fhl;bdhh; VRehjh;. jPath;fs; mtiur;

#o;e;Jnfhz;L rPwpdhu;fs;. fopahy; mbj;jhu;fs;. fhwpAkpo;e;jhh;fs;.

Ks;Kbiaj; jiyapNy itj;J mOj;jpdhh;fs;. ifapNy

neLQ;rpYitiaf; nfhLj;J tPjpapd; tophf elj;jpr; nrd;whh;fs;. VRehjh;

jpUKfk; Nrhu;e;jJ ehTyu;e;jJ@ fz; Fope;jJ. ,j;jifa ,isj;j

Nkdpapy; fath;fs; nghWj;jhh; VRehjh;: rpYitapy; miwe;J

Jd;GWj;jpath;fs; kPJ ,uf;fKk; nfhz;lhh;@ ,iwtid Nehf;fp> ve;ijNa!

,th;mwpahky; nra;fpd;whs;. ,th;fs; gpioia kd;dpf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W

gpuhh;j;jpj;jhu;fs;. ,j;jifa ,Uk;nghiwiaAk; ngUq; fUiziaAk;

mofhfg; ghbdhh;. fpU];jtf; fk;gh; vd;W Gfog;gLfpd;w fpU\;zg;gps;is.

jd;dhpa jpUNkdp rijg;Gz;L jtpg;nga;jg;

gd;dhpa gyghL gLk;NghJk; ghpe;Jve;jha;

,d;dnjd mwpfpy;yhh; jhk;nra;t jpth;gpioia

kd;dpAk; vd;W vopw;fdptha; kyu;e;jhh;jk; mUs;ts;sy;’

vd;w ghl;by; jPik nra;jhh;f;Fk; ed;ik nra;j VJehjiu mUs; ts;sy;

vd;W ftpQh; Nghw;wpapUg;gJ nghUj;jKilajd;Nwh?

,uhtzd; ituhf;fpak;

mhpr;re;jpuDk; VRehjUk; mwnewpapNy ituhf;fpak; g+z;lth;fs;.

,jw;F khwhfj; jtwhd topapNy jiyg;gl;L> tplhfz;luhf epd;whUk;

cz;L. fw;gpd; nry;tpahfpa rPijiaf; fth;e;J nrd;W rpiwapy; itj;jhd;

,uhtzd;. rPijia kPl;gjw;fhf ,uhkd; ,yq;if kPJ gilnaLj;jhd;.

ngUk; Nghu; %z;lJ. ,uhtzd; ike;jdhfpa ,e;jpurpj;jd; ,yq;ifapy;

epfuw;w tPud;. mtd; ntd;W tUthd; vd;W vz;zp ,Wkhe;jpUe;jhd;

,uhtzd; Nghh;fsj;jpy; giftuJ jpwj;ij ed;whfj; njhpe;j ,e;jpurpj;jd;

,uhtzd; khspifia mile;J. kd;didj;njhOJ ‘IaNd> ,d;W ele;j

Nghhpy; ehd; mhpa nghpa gilf;fyd;fisnay;yhk; tpLj;Njd;. mit

gifth; kPJ nry;ytpy;iy. Mjyhy; NghUf;F mQ;rp ,q;F te;Jtpl;Nld;

vd;W fUjptplyhfhJ. cd;ghy; itj;jMirahy; xd;W nrhy;yf; fUjp

te;Njd;. rpiwg;gLj;jpa rPijia tpl;Ltpl;lhy;> ehk; rPUk; rpwg;Gk;

rpijahky; thoyhk;. gifth; rPw;wk; jPh;th;. ek; ehl;iltpl;L ePq;Fth;.

32

gifAk; NghUk; ,d;wp eP gz;Gw;W tho;tha;. cd;ghy; itj;j md;gpdhy;

,ijr; nrhd;Ndd;’ vd;whd;.

mk;nkhop Nfl;l ,uhtzd;> rpe;ij fyq;fpr; rPw;wk; jiyf;nfhz;lhd;.

vjpNu epd;w ,e;jpurpj;ij Nehf;fp NgijNa! eP mwpahkw; Ngrpdhd;> cd;id

ek;gp ,Uf;fpNwd; vd;W vz;zpdhah? vd; Njhs;typia ek;gpNa rPijia

vLj;J te;Njd;. vLj;J te;j kq;ifiaf; nfhLj;JtpLjy; <dkd;Nwh?

khdNk caphpDk; nghpJ. tPug; GfNo tho;tpDk; tpUk;gj;jf;fJ.

“ntd;wpyd; vd;w NghJk; NtjKs; ssTk; ahDk;

epd;Ws dd;Nwh kw;wt; tpuhkd;Ngh; epw;F khapd;

nghd;Wjy; xUfh yj;Jk; jtpUNkh> nghJikj; jd;Nwh

,d;Wshh; ehis khs;thh; GfOf;Fk; ,WjpAz;Nlh”

vd;W rpde;J Ngrpdhd;. mJNfl;l ,e;jpurpj;jd; Fd;W Kl;ba FUtpNghy

kPz;Lk; Nghh;f;fsk; Nghe;jhd;@ mUk;Nghh; Ghpe;J Mtp Jwe;jhd;. ,Wjpapy;

,uhtzDk; Nghh;Ghpe;J khz;lhd;.

#ud; ituhf;fpak;

jkpo;ehl;by; toq;Fk; kw;nwhU rhpj;jpuKk; jtwhd ituhf;fpaj;jhy;

tUk; Nfl;ilf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. #ud; vd;gtd; xU Nguurd;! tPukNfe;jpuk;

vd;Dk; efupy; muR tPw;wpUe;jhd;@ thdth; ehl;bd; kPJ gilnaLj;J

,e;jpud; kfdhfpa re;jidAk; NjtiuAk; gpbj;Jr; rpiw itj;jhd;.

mth;fis tpLtpg;gjw;fhf KUfd; gil vOe;jJ. #ud; kfdhfpa

ghDNfhgd; mr;Nridia vjph;j;jhd;. tPuNty; nfhz;L Nghh;GhpAk; KUfid

xU ehSk; nty;y KbahJ vd;W ed;whf czh;e;jhd;@ #udplk; nrd;W

‘muNr> ,d;W khw;whh;kPJ khag;gilia VtpNdd;. mjdpDk; rpwe;j

gilf;fyk; vd;dplk; ,y;iy. mk; khag;gilAk; gadw;Wg; Nghapw;W. eP

neLq;fhyk; thoNtz;Lk;. murhs Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Mir. mt;thirahy;

xd;W $Wfpd;Nwd;. thdtiu eP rpiwapdpd;Wk; tpl;Ltpl;lhy; gilnaLj;J

te;j KUfd; ek; ehl;il tpl;L mfy;thd;@ rPw;wk; jPh;thd;. cd; muR ePLop

thOk; vd;whd;.

33

mt;Tiu Nfl;l #ud; nghq;fp vOe;jhd;. ike;jh! vd; Kd;dpd;W

vd;d Ngrpdha;? Thdtiu tpl;Nlndd;why; vd;id ahh; kjpg;ghh;? ,t;Tyf

tho;f;if epiyaw;wnjd;gij eP mwpahNah? ,sikAk; nry;tKk; tPuKk;

Vida gpwTk; mope;Nj jPUk;. mopahky; epw;gJ Gfo; xd;Nw Mjyhy; vd;

Mtp nfhLj;J mUk;Gfo; ngwNtNdad;wp> thdtiu tpLtpj;J tirapDf;F

Mshfp tho khl;Nld;.’

‘,we;jpl thpDk; my;yhky; ,Lf;fz;xd; WwpDk; jk;ghy;

gpwe;jpLk; khdk; jd;id tpLtNuh nghpah; MNdhh;

rpwe;jpLk; ,uz;L ehisr; nry;tj;ij tpUk;gp ahDk;

Jwe;jpNld; gpbj;j nfhs;if> #ud;vd; nwhUNgh; ngw;Nwd;’

vd;W vhpe;J Ngrpdhd;. mJNfl;l ghDNfhgd; mkh;f;fsk; Nghe;J> tPug;Nghh;

Ghpe;J Mtp Jwe;jhd;. gpd;dh; #uDk; Nghh; nra;J khz;lhd;. muf;fh;

jiytdhfpa ,uhtzDk;> mRuh; jiytdhfpa #uDk; jtwhd topapy;

nrd;whh;fs;. %h;f;fDk; KjiyAk; nfhz;lJ tplh’ vd;wgb tplhf;fz;luha;

epd;whh;fs;. tPo;e;J xope;jhh;fs;.

kj ituhf;fpak;

kj ituhf;fpak; vd;gJ xd;Wz;L> ,t;Tyfg; nghUl;fspy;

Miraw;W> flTisNa epidj;J frpe;J epw;Fk; epiyNa mJ.

jpUthrfj;jpy; khzpf;fthrfh; ,t;ituhf;fpaj;jpd; jd;ikia

tpsf;fpaUspdhh;.

‘nfhs;Nsd; Gue;jud; khy; mad; tho;T FbnfbDk;

es;Nsd; epjdb ahnuhly; yhy;eu fk;GfpDk;

vs;Nsd; jpUtU shNy, Uf;fg; ngwpd; ,iwth

cs;Nsd; gpwnja;tk; cd;iday; yhy; vq;fs; cj;jkNd’

vd;gJ Xh; mUikj; jpUthrfk; ,j;jifa ituhf;fpaj;ijj; jk;

tho;f;ifapNy fhl;ba gf;jh; gyuhth;. =tpy;ypGj;J}hpy; Nfhij vd;Dk;

Mz;lhs; Njhd;wpdhs;. ,sikapNyNa mts; ngUkhsplk; Ngud;G

nrYj;jpdhs;@ mth; jpUg;Gfiog; ghbg; ghbg; gutrKw;whs;. mts; kq;ifg;

gUtKw;wNghJ ngw;Nwhh; kzk; Ngrj; njhlq;fpdhh;fs;. mijawpe;j kq;if

‘kdpjd; vtidAk; ehd; kzf;fkhl;Nld;: kzptz;zdhfpa ngUkhidNa

kzg;Ngd;’ vd;whs; ,e;j kdj;jpd;ikiaf; fz;L ahtUk; tpag;Gk;

34

jpifg;gk; cw;whh;fs;. MapDk; mtsd;gpd; jpwj;jpid mwpe;j jpUtuq;fg;

ngUkhs; mtis Vw;Wg; NguUs; ,d;gkspj;jhh; vd;W FUguk;giu vd;Dk;

tuyhW $Wfpd;wJ.

,dp> rptj; njhz;lh;fspy; xUtuhfpa jpUehTf;furh; nfhz;l

ituhf;fpaj;ijr; rpwpJ ghh;g;Nghk;. jkpo;ehl;bYs;s rptg;gjpfis nay;yhk;

fz;L tzq;fpa jpUehTf;furh;> ifyhr kiyapy; rptngUkhd; tPw;wpUf;Fk;

Nfhyj;ijf; fhz Mirg;gl;lhh;. vOgJ tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l KJikg;

gUtj;jpy; tljpiria Nehf;fp ele;jhh;. fhrpia mile;J fq;ifiaAk;

tpRtehjiuAk; ifnjhOjhh;@ ,uT gfyhf Cz; cwf;fkpd;wp ele;J

ele;J> fhy; ,uz;Lk; Nja;e;jhh;. iffshy; elf;fj; njhlq;fpdhh;. ifAk;

Nja;e;jhh;@ clk;gpdhy; cUz;L cUz;L nrd;whh;@ clk;G Nja;e;jhh;@

efh;tjw;F Kbahky; topapNy jq;fpdhh;. mg;NghJ mt;topahf Kdpth;

xUth; te;jhh;. jpUehTf;furiuf; fz;L ,uf;fq;nfhz;L> ‘ePh; ,q;Nf

vjw;fhf te;jPh;! vd;whh;> ‘KdptNu! Ifyhrehjidf; fz;L Fk;gpLk;

fhjyhy; te;Njd;’ vd;W jpUehTf;furh; kWnkhop je;jhh;. mJNfl;l Kdpth;>

ifyhr kiyahtJ ePh; fhz;gjhtJ@ thdtUk; fhzKbahj mk;kiyia

khDluhfpa ePNuh fhz ty;yPh;? te;j topNa nrd;W nrhe;j Ciur; NrUk;

vd;whh;. Kdpth; nrhd;d nrhw;fshy; ehTf;furh; rpwpJk; kdk; jsutpy;iy.

jk; kdTWjpiaj; jpwkhf vLj;Jiuj;jhh;.

‘MSk; ehafd; fapiyapy; ,Uf;iffz;ly;yhy;

khSk; ,t;Tly; nfhz;LkP Nsd; vd kWj;jhh;’.

Kdptuhf te;j rptngUkhd; jpUehTf;furuJ ituhf;fpaj;ijf; fz;L

kfpo;e;J> ‘ifyhrf; Nfhyj;ijf; fhl;baUspdhh; vd;W nghpa Guhzk;

$Wfpd;wJ.

Rka ituhf;fpak; NghyNt rKjha ituhf;fpaKk; cz;L.

jho;e;Njhiu cah;j;JNthk; vd;Wk;> ehl;bd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf ciog;Nghk;

vd;Wk; cWjp nfhz;lth;fs; cah;e;jth;fy;yNuh? ,j;jifa ituhf;fpak;

g+z;lth;fs; gpwh; J}w;wpdhy; tUj;j khl;lhh;fs;. Nghw;wpdhYk; kfpoTk;

khl;lhh;fs;. eaj;jpdhNyDk; gaj;jpdhNyDk; mth; kdcWjpia khw;w

35

KbahJ.mth;fNs epidj;jij Kbf;Fk; ePh;ikahsh; vd;W jpUts;Sth;

$wpAs;shh;.

“vz;zpa vz;zpahq;F va;Jg vz;zpahh;

jpz;zpauhfg; ngwpd;” vd;gJ jpUf;Fws;

goq;fhyj;J mzpfyd; - kapiy rPdp Ntq;flrhkp

Ntq;flrhkp nrd;idapd; kapyhg;g+h; gFjpapy; 1900 ,y; gpwe;jhh;.

mtuJ je;ij xU rpj;j kUj;Jth;. Ntq;flrhkpapd; %j;j mz;zd;

je;ijiag; Nghy rpj;j kUj;Jtuhdhh;. ,uz;lhtJ mz;zd; rPdp

Nfhtpe;juh[d; xU jkpowpQh;. jpUf;Fws; fhkj;Jg; ghy; ehl;fs;> jpUkapiy

ehd; kzpkhiy Mfpa gilg;Gfs; vOjpath;. Ntq;flrhkp

Nfhtpe;juh[dplk; jkpo; gapd;whh;. gpd; kfhtpj;thd; rz;Kfk; gps;is>

gz;bj rw;Fzh; MfpNahhplk; jkpo; gbj;jhh;. gpd;dh; ePjpf;fl;rp elj;jpa

jpuhtpld; ,jopd; Mrphpah; FOtpy; gzpf;F Nrh;e;jhh;. Xtpaf;fiyapy;

36

nfhz;l Mh;tj;jhy; rpy fhyk; vOk;G+h; Xtpag;gs;spapy; gbj;jhh; FLk;gg;

nghUshjhur; #oy; fhuzkhf Mrphpah; gapw;rp ngw;W rhe;Njhk; khefuhl;rpg;

gs;sp;apy; Mrpupauhfg; gzpf;Fr; Nrh;e;jhu;. Xtpaf;fiyapy; nfhz;l

Mu;tj;jhy; rpy fhyk; vOk;G+h; Xtpag; gs;spapy; gbj;jhh;. FLk;gg;

nghUshjhur; #oy; fhuzkhf Mrphpah; gapw;rp ngw;W rhe;Njhk; khefuhl;rpg;

gs;spapy; Mrphpauhfg; gzpf;Fr; Nru;e;jhh;. .

jdJ tpLKiw ehl;fspy; jkpofnkq;FKs;s tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;G kpf;f

,lq;fSf;Fk;> topghl;Lj; jyq;fSf;Fk; nrd;W Ma;T nra;jhh;.

njhy;ypay;> fy;ntl;bay;> ehztpay; Mfpa Jiwfspy; mhpa fsg;

gzpahw;wpdhh;. njd;dpe;jpa vOj;J Kiw fy;ntl;Lf;fisg; gbj;J MuhAk;

jpwd; ngw;whh;. fd;dlk; kiyahsk; Nghd;w nkhopfisAk; fw;wwpe;jpUe;jhh;.

,e;J rka tuyhw;whsh;fs; mjpfk; ftdk; nrYj;jhj rkz> Gj;jrka

Nfhapy;fisAk; njhy;ypay; fsq;fisAk; Ma;T nra;jhh;. ,UKiw (1963-

64) nrd;idj; jkpo; vOj;jhsh; rq;fj; jiytuhfj; Njh;T nra;ag;gl;lhh;.

Ntq;flrhkpapd; jkpo;g;gzpia ghujpjhrd; gpd;tUk; ghly; %yk;

ghuhl;bAs;shh;.

“jkpioNa tzpfkhf;fpj;

jd;tPLk; kf;fs; Rw;wk;

jkpopNy gpiog;gjw;Fk;

jiyKiw jiyKiwf;Fk;

jkpo; Kjyhf;fpf; nfhz;l

gy;fiyj; jiytd; vy;yhk;

jkpo;r; rPdp Ntq;flj;jpd;

fhy;J}Rk; ngwhjhh; vd;Ngd;”

ekJ ghujehl;bNy> gz;ilf; fhyj;jpNy> Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk;

eiffis mjpfkhf mzpe;jpUe;jhh;fs;. mjpYk; rpwg;ghj; jkpo;ehl;L

kf;fs; gytpjkhd eiffis mjpfkhf mzpe;jdh;. mf;fhyj;jpNy

Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; Milfisf; FiwthfTk;> eiffis mjpfkhfTk;

mzpe;jhh;fs;. eiffis mjpfkhfTk; mzpe;jhh;fs;. eiffis vt;tsT

mjpfkhf mzpfpwhh;fNsh mt;tsT ehfhpfKk; nry;tKk; cs;sth;fs;

37

vd;W kjpf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. ,e;jf; fhyj;jpy; mjpfkhd eiffis mzpfpwth;

mehfhpfs; fUjg;gLfpd;wdh;. mjpfkhf ehfhpfk; guthj fpuhkq;fspYq;$l

,f;fhyj;jpy; eiffs; mzptijf; Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;.

ntw;Wlk;G

gz;ilf;fhyj;J kf;fs; epuk;g eiffis mzpe;jjw;Fk;> ,e;jf;

fhyj;J kf;fs; kpff; Fiwthf eiffis mzptjw;Fk; Kf;fpaf;

fhuzq;fs; cz;L. Kw;fhyj;jpNy Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; kpff; Fiwe;j

mstpy; Mil mzpe;jhh;fs;@ Mdhy; mjpfkhf eiffis mzpe;jhh;fs;.

mth;fs; miuapy; kl;Lk; MilALj;jp miuf;FNky; ntw;Wlk;ghf

,Ue;jhh;fs;. ,e;jf; fhyj;jpy; miuapd; fPNo Ntl;bALj;jp> clk;Gf;Fg;

gdpad; [pg;gh> fkpR> \h;l;L> Nfhl;L Kjypa Milfis mzpe;J clk;ig

kiwg;gJ Nghy> mf;fhyj;J Mz;fs; clk;gpy; rl;ilazptJ tof;fk;

,y;iy. miuf;F NkNy ntw;Wlk;ghf ,Ue;jhh;fs;. ,f;fhyj;Jg; ngz;fs;

,utpf;if> [hf;fl;> Glitfs; mzpe;J clk;ig kiwg;gJ Nghy>

mf;fhyj;Jg; ngz;fs; clk;ig kiwf;ftpy;iy. mth;fs; miuapd; fPNo

kl;Lk; Milazpe;J miuf;F NkNy ntw;Wlk;ghf ,Ue;jhh;fs;.

,f;fhyj;J Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; gUj;jpj; JzpfisAk;

gl;lhilfisAk; fhy;Kjy; fOj;J tiuapy; mzpe;J clk;G KOtijAk;

kiwg;gJ Nghy> mf;fhyj;J Mz;fSk;> ngz;fSk; clk;G KOtJk;

Milapdhy; kiwf;f tpy;iy. nry;te;jh;fSk; gpuGf;fSk; murh;fSq;$l

ntw;Wlk;gpduhf ,Ue;jhh;fs;. clk;gpy; rl;il mzptij mehfhpfkhf

mf;fhyj;jth; fUjpdhh;fs;. murh;fsplk; Copak; nra;j cj;jpNahfj];jh;

kl;Lk; mf;fhyj;jpy; rl;il mzpe;jdh;. rl;il mzpe;j

cj;jpNahf];jDf;Ff; fQ;Rfd; vd;gJ ngah;. rq;f fhyj;jpNy

fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; ,Ue;J murhz;l ,sq;fps;sp vd;Dk; Nrho murdplk; rl;il

mzpe;j fQ;Rh; cj;jpNahf];juhf ,Ue;jij kzpNkfiy $WfpwJ.

“itaq; fhtyd; jd;ghw; nrd;W

ifnjhO jpiwQ;rpf; fQ;Rfd; ciug;Nghd;”

vd;W kzpNkfiy 28Mk; fhij (177-178) $WfpwJ.

38

Nrud; nrq;Fl;LtDila xw;wh; jiytdhfpa ePyd; rl;il

mzpe;jpUe;jhd; vd;W rpyg;gjpfhuk; $WfpwJ.

“ePyd; Kjypa fQ;Rf khf;fs;”

vd;W rpyg;gjpfhuk;> eLfw; fhij (mb 80) $WtjhFk;.

Rhtfj; jPtpd; murdhd Gz;zpauhrd;> jUk rhtfd; vd;Dk; ngsj;j

KdptUld; ,Ue;j kzpNkfiyiaf; fz;L ,ts; ahh; vd;W Nfl;lNghJ>

rl;il mzpe;j murDila cj;jpNahf];jd; mts; ahh; vd;gij

murDf;Ff; $wpdhd;.

“,q;fpiz ,y;yh ,ts; ahh; vd;df;

fhtyw; nwhOJ fQ;Rfd; ciug;Nghd;”

vd;W kzpNkfiyf; fhtpak; 25Mk; fhij (mb 10-1)$WtJ fhz;f.

jQ;rhT+h;g; ngUTilahh; NfhapypNy ,Uf;fpw Nrhoh; fhyj;J

Xtpaq;fspy;> murd; Kjy; Mz;b tiuapy;> Mz;ngz; cUtq;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j cUtq;fs; vy;yhk; miuf;F NkNy ntw;Wlk;ghf

cs;sd. Mdhy;> me;j Xtpaq;fspy; fQ;Rfh; cUtq;fs; kl;Lk; rl;il

mzpe;jpUg;gijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. ,JNghd;W> tpe;jpa kiyf;Fj; njw;fpYs;s

ngah; ngw;w m[e;jh kiyf; Fiffspy; vOjg;gl;;l Xtpaq;fspYk;> fQ;Rf

kf;fisj; jtpu Vida murh; Kjypa vy;NyhUk; miuf;FNkNy

Milapy;yhky; fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. Nfhapy;fspy; fhzg;gLfpw gioa rpw;g

cUtq;fs; $l miuf;Ff; fPNo Milazpe;J Nkw;gFjp ntw;Wlk;ghf

,Ug;gijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. ,e;j Xtpaq;fSk; rpw;gq;fSk; mf;fhyj;J kf;fs;

Milazpe;j Kiwia ed;whfj; njhptpf;fpd;wd.

Nkyhil

ekJ ehl;Lg; ngz;kfsph; ,utpf;ifapdhYk; GlitapdhYk; clk;gpd;

Nky;gFjpia kiwf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ> INuhg;gpaUk; K];yPk;fSk; ekJ

ehl;Lf;F te;jgpwFjhd;. Vwf;Fiwa 400> 500 Mz;Lfshfj;jhd;

ekJehl;Lg; ngz;fs; Nkyhil mzpe;J tUfpd;wdh;. ngz;fs; Nkyhil

mzpaj; njhlq;fpa fhyj;jpy;> cah;e;j rhjpg;ngz;fs; kl;Lk; Nkyhil

mzpayhk; vd;Wk;> jho;j;jg;gl;l rhjpg; ngz;fs; Nkyhil mzpaf;$lhJ

39

vd;W fl;Lg;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. ‘Nky; rhjpf;fhuh;fs;. ,jd; fhuzkhf ‘khh;r;rPiyf;

fyfk;’ vd;Dk; fyfKk; rz;ilAk; mf;fhyj;jpy; jpthq;$upy; epfo;e;jij

tuyhW $WfpwJ.

ekJ ehl;by; MltUk; ngz;bUk; Nkyhil mzpahky;

ntw;Wlk;gpduhf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpNy> mth;fs; clk;G KOtJk; gytpjkhd

eiffis mzpe;jhh;fs;. Kf;fpakhf> mf;fhyj;Jg; ngz;fs; jiyKjy;

fhy;tiuapy; clk;G KOtJk; eiffis mzpe;J ‘nghd; fha;j;j kuk;’

Nghyf; fhzg;gl;ldh;. gz;ilf;fhyj;J kf;fs; ntw;Wlk;gpduhf ,Ue;j

fhuzj;jpdhNy> eiffis mjpfkhf mzpe;jhh;fs; vd;Dk; fhuzk; xU

Gwk; ,Uf;f> mth;fs; mjpfkhf eiffis mzpe;jjw;F kw;nwhU

fhuzKk; cz;L. nghd;idAk;> nghUisAk; ek;gpf;ifAld; ghJfhj;J

itf;Fk; tq;fp (ghq;fp) vd;Dk; Nrkpg;G epiyaq;fs; mf;fhyj;jpy;

,y;yhjgbapdhNy> mth;fs; jhq;fs; <l;ba nghUs;fisg; nghd;dhYk;>

nts;spahYk;> Kj;J khzpf;fk; Kjypa etuj;jpdq;fspdhYk; eiffisr;

nra;J clk;gpNy mofhf mzpe;J nfhz;lhh;fs;. ek;gpf;ifahd Nrkpg;G

epiyaq;fs; ,Uf;fpwgbahYk;> fhy; Kjy; fOj;J tiuapYk; gl;Lk;

gUj;jpAk; cLj;Jk; tof;fk; Vw;gl;Ltpl;lgbahYk; mjpfkhf eiffis

mzpfpw tof;fk; ,g;NghJ ,y;iy.

tisay;

gz;ilf;fhyj;jpy; ngz;kzpfs; mzpe;j eiffisg; gw;wpf;

$WNthk;. eiffisg; gw;wpg; NgRk;NghJ> Kjd; Kjypy; ifazpahfpa

tisfisg; gw;wpf; $wNtz;Lk;. gz;ilf; fhyj;ijg; NghyNt

,f;fhyj;jpYk; iffspy; tis mzpfpwhu;fs;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; nghd; fhg;G>

jq;f tisfs;> fz;zhb tisfs; mzpfpwhh;fs;. fz;zhb tisif

mzptJ> Kfk;kjpah; ekJ ehl;lf;F te;jgpwF Rkhh; 500 Mz;Lfshf

Vw;gl;l tof;fk;. nghd; fhg;G mzpAk; tof;fk; neLq;fhykhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

Mdhy;> gioa fhyj;jpy; ngz;kzpfs; iffspy; rq;F tisfis

mzpe;jhh;fs;. tis vd;whNy rlq;F vd;W mh;j;jk;. rq;if tl;l tbtkhf

mWj;J nra;ag;gl;l rq;F tisfisg; gz;ilf; fhyj;Jg; ngz;kzpfs;

mzpe;jhh;fs;.

40

jkpo;ehl;by; kl;Lk; md;W@ ghujehL KOtjpYk; ngz;kzpfs; rq;F

tisfis mzpe;j tof;fk; Kw;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. Vio kf;fs; rhjhuz

,lk;Ghpr; rq;F tisfis mzpe;J nfhz;lhh;fs;. nry;tk; cs;sth;fs; g+

NtiyfSk; nfhb NtiyfSk; nra;ag;gl;l gytpj th;zq;fs; mike;j

rq;F tisfis mzpe;J nfhz;lhh;fs;. gpuGf;fs; FLk;gj;ijAk; mur

FLk;gj;ijAk; Nrh;e;j ngz;kzpfs; tyk;Ghpr; rq;F tisfis

mzpe;jhh;fs;. ,lk;Ghpr; rq;F tisfistpl tyk;Ghpr; rq;F tisfs;

tpiyAah;e;jit.

jiyahyq;fhdj;Jr; nrUntd;w ghz;bad; neLQ;nropad; murp>

jd;Dila iffspy; nghd; tisfisAk; tyk;Ghp rq;F tisfisAk;

mzpe;jpUe;jhs; vd;W neLey;thil $WfpwJ.

“nghye;njhb epd;w kaph;thh; Kd;if

tyk;Ghp tisnahL fbifE}y; ahj;J”

vd;gJ mJ. (neLey; mb 141-142)

murh; Kjy; Mz;b tiuapy; vy;yhgl ngz;kzpfSk; mf;fhyj;jpy;

rq;F tisfisj;jhd; mzpe;J nfhz;lhh;fs;. ifk;ngz;fs; jkJ

iffspy; mzpe;j rq;F tisfis cilj;JtpLth;. Nfhtyd; kidtp

fz;zfpahh;> jkJ fztd; ,we;jgpwF jkJ iffspy; mzpe;jpUe;j rq;F

tisfis cilj;njwpe;jhh; vd;W rpyg;gjpfhuk; $WfpwJ.

mf;fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; vy;NyhUk; rq;F tis mzpAk; tof;fk;

,Ue;j gbapdhNy nfhw;if. Fkup Kjypa ,lq;fspy; rq;F Fspf;Fk;

njhopYk;> rq;if mWj;J ti nra;Ak; njhopYk; ngUthhpahf epfo;e;jd.

mf;fhyj;jpy; rq;Fj; njhopy; Kf;fpaf; ifj;njhopyhfTk;> thzpgg;

nghUshfTk; ,Ue;jJ. fhJfspy; mzpAk; FioAk;> iffspy; mzpAk;

NkhjpuKk; $lg; gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy; rq;fpdhy; nra;ag;gl;ld. gpw;fhyj;jpy;

rq;Ftis mzpfpw gof;fk; kiwe;Jtpl;lNghJ> rq;Fj; njhopYk; rq;F

tis thzpgKk; mbNahL kiwe;J tpl;ld. rq;Ftis kiwe;J

NghdhYk;> ,f;fhyj;jpy; jq;f tisfs; tof;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd.

41

fhjzp

Kw;fhyj;jpy; ngU tof;fkhf ,Ue;J ,f;fhyj;jpy; kiwe;J

nfhz;bUf;fpw gioa eif ghk;glk; vd;gJ@ mJ fhJf;F mzpfpw

fdKs;s nghd; eifahFk;. fhijf; Fj;jpj; Jisahf;fp> mj;Jisiaf;

fbg;G vDk; fdkhd nghUspdhy; nghpa Jisahf tsur; nra;J ePz;L

njhq;Fk; fhjpNy ngz;fs; Fz;lyk;> Fio> NjhL> ghk;glk; Kjypa

eiffisg; ngz;kzpfs; mzpe;jhh;fs;. ePz;L njhq;Fk; fhjpNy ngz;fs;

ghk;glk; mzpe;jhy;> mJ Njhs; tiuapy; jho;e;J njhq;Fk;> Mz;

Foe;ijahdhYk; ngz; Foe;ijahdhYk; 5 taJ MdTld;> kaph; fise;J

fhJ Fj;JtJ tho;f;ifapd; Kf;fpa epfo;r;rpahf ,Ue;jJ. fp.gp. 8Mk;

E}w;whz;by;> ghz;b ehl;by; ,Ue;j nghpaho;thh; vd;Dk; itzt gf;jh;

jkJ ghRuj;jpNy> “fbg;G ,l;L thh; fhJ jhog; ngUf;fp” ePs;nrtp tsh;j;j

tof;fj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. jhog; ngUf;fpa ePs; nrtpfs; ,f;fhyj;jpy;

kiwe;J tUfpd;wd. Mdhy;> ghz;b ehl;bNy jhog;ngUf;fpa ePs; nrtpfs;

XusT ,g;NghJk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

ghk;glk; jtpu Xiy vd;Dk; mzpiaAk; fhjpy; mzpe;jdh;. gid

Xiyiar; RUl;b mzptjdhy; Xiy vd;W ngah; ngw;wJ. nry;th;fs;

Xiyiag; nghd;dhy; nra;J mzpe;jhh;fs;. tapuf; fw;fs; mOj;jpr;

nra;ag;gl;l tapu Xiyf;Fr; ‘re;jpughzp’ vd;Dk; ngah; toq;fpaJ. fk;ky;>

tapuj;NjhL KjypaitfSk; gpw;fhyj;jpy; cUthapd.

fhjpNy mzpag;gl;l kw;nwhU eif Fjk;ig vd;gJ gUj;j

ePykzpAld; ituf;fw;fisg; gjpj;Jr; nra;ag;gLfpwJ ,J fu;zg;g+ vd;Wk;>

nrtpg;G vd;Wk; ngaUs;s ,d;ndhU tifahd fhjzpiaAk; mf;fhyj;Jg;

ngz;fs; mzpe;jdh;.

jiy

,dp> ngz;kzpfs; jiyf;F mzpe;j mzpfyd;fisg; ghu;g;Nghk;.

rPNjtpahh;> tyk;Ghp> njd;gy;yp> tlgy;yp vd;Dk; eiffis jiyapy;

mzpag;gl;ld. rPNjtpahh; vd;gJ #shkzp ,jw;F ,uj;jpdr; Rl;b>

42

[ilgpy;iy vd;Wk; ngah; cz;L. njd;gy;yp> tlgy;yp vd;git gy;ypapd;

cUtkhfr; nra;ag;gl;l eiffs;> ,it jiyapy; ,lg;Gwj;jpYk;

tyg;Gwj;jpYk; mzpag;gl;ld. njha;afk;> thFRl;b vd;Dk; eiffs;

etuj;jpdq;fshy; nra;ag;gl;lit. ,it jiyapd; eLtpy; kaphpd; gpuptpy;

mzpag;gl;ld.

%f;F

%f;Ff;F mzpe;j %f;Fj;jp> Gy;yhf;F vd;Dk; eiffisg; gw;wpg;

gioa E}y;fspy; fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,e;j eiffs; mzptJ gpw;fhyj;jpNy

tlehl;lth; njhlh;gpdhy; Vw;gl;l tof;fk;.

fOj;J

ngz;kzpfs; fOj;Jf;Fk; gytifahd mzpfis mzpe;jhh;fs;.

mtw;wpy;> tPurq;fpyp vd;gJ rq;fpypNghyg; nghd;dhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ruL

my;yJ Qhz; vd;gJ fapW Nghyg; nghd;dhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. nghd;dhp

khiy vd;gJ nghd;dhYk; ,uj;jpdq;fshYk; nra;ag;gl;l mofhd

Mguzk;. Kj;Jkhiy> gtokhiyfSk; fOj;Jf;F mzpag;gl;ld.

fhRkhiy vd;gJ gpw;fhyj;jpy; cz;lhdJ. ,J nghw;fhRfisAk;

gTd;fisAk; Nrh;j;J mikag;gl;lJ. ml;bif vd;Dk; eifAk; fOj;Jf;F

mzpag;gl;lJ. ,J ,uj;jpdk;> ituk; Kj;J Kjypait gjpf;fg;gl;l mzp>

,JTk; gpw;fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa eifahFk;.

Nkfiy

Nkfiy vd;gJ> ngz;kzpfs; miuapy; cLj;j Milapd; Nky;

mzpAk; Mguzk; ,J 32 Kj;J tlq;fspdhy; gl;ilahf mikf;fg;gl;l

mofhd mzpfyd; gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,J jq;fj;jpdhYk; nts;spapdhYk;

nra;ag;gl;L xl;bahdk; vd;Dk; ngah; ngw;wJ. fhtpupg;g+k;gl;bdj;jpy; ngah;

ngw;w ehl;ba kle;ijahfpa khjtp> miuapy; ePyg;gl;lhil cLj;jp>

mjd;Nky; Kg;gj;jpuz;L Kj;J tlj;jpdhy; nra;ag;gl;l Nkfiyia

mzpe;jhs; vd;W rpyg;gjpfhuf; fhtpak; $WfpwJ.

“gpwq;fpa Kj;jiu Kg;gj; jpUruj;

jpw;wpfo; g+e;Jfpy; ePh;ikapd; cB,”

(rpyk;G> flyhL fhij> mb 87-88)

43

“gUKj;jf; Nfhit Kg;gj;jpuz;lhw; nra;j tpuprpif vd;Dk; fiyia

ePyepwq; fpsUk; g+e;njhopiyAila ePyr;rhjUilapd; kPNj cLj;njd;f”

- mbahh;f;F ey;yhh; ciu.

rpyk;G

ngz;fs; fhypy; mzpe;j fhyzpfspy; Kf;fpakhdJ rpyk;G> ,jw;Fr;

Filr;#y; vd;Wk; E}Guk; vd;Wk; ngah; cz;L. ,jd; cs;Ns guw;fw;fs;

,lg;gl;bUe;jhy;> fhypy; mzpe;J elf;Fk;NghJ XirAz;lhFk;. ,J

rhjhuzkhf nts;spapdhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. nry;te;jh;fSk; murh;fSk;

rpyk;ig nghd;dhy; nra;J> mjDs;Ns khzpf;fj;ijAk; Kj;ijAk;

guw;fw;fshf ,Lthh;fs;. ghz;bad; ,uhzpahfpa ghz;bkhNjtpapd;

fhw;rpyk;gpy; Kj;Jf;fs; guw;fw;fshf ,lg;gl;bUe;jd vd;Wk;> Nfhtyd;

kidtp fz;zfpahhpd; fhw;rpyk;gpy; khzpf;ff; fw;fs; guw;fw;fshf

,lg;gl;bUe;jd vd;Wk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; $WfpwJ. gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy;

ngz;fSf;Fj; jpUkzk; MdTlNd rpyk;G fop Nehd;G vd;Dk; xU rlf;F

eilngw;wJ. rpyk;G mzpfpw tof;fk; kiwe;JNghd ,e;jf; fhyj;jpYk;

,Ue;J tUfpwJ. jpUkzk; MdTlNd kzkfDk; kzkfSk; Kjd;Kjypy;

tPl;Lf;F tUk;NghJ> mth;fis tPl;L thapypy; epWj;jp Myj;jp Rw;wp> ePiu

kzkfs; fhypy; Cw;Wfpw tof;fk; ,d;Wk; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. ,J gioa

‘rpyk;G fop Nehd;ig’f; Fwpf;fpwJ NghYk;>

ghlfk; vd;Dk; fhyzp> rpyk;Gf;F NkNy mzpag;gl;lJ. ,JTk;

,g;NghJ tof;fpoe;Jtpl;lJ. rjq;if vd;gJ fhYf;F mzpAk; Mguzk;>

ryq;if vd;Wk; fpz;fpzp vd;Wk; ,jw;Fg; ngah; cz;L.

Fwq;F nrwp vd;gJ ngz;fs; fhYf;F NkNy njhilapy; mzpe;J

nfhz;l Mguzk;> ,f;fhyj;jpNy ,J tof;fj;jpy; ,y;iy. flfk; vd;gJ

Nky;ifapy; mzptJ> ,J khzpf;fk; Kjypa fw;fs; gjpj;Jg; nghd;dhy;

nra;ag;gLtJ> ,jid MltUk; mzpe;jdh;.

Nkhjpuk;

44

iftpuy;fSf;Fk;> fhy;tpuy;fSf;Fk; Nkhjpuq;fs; mzpag;gl;ld.

fhyhop> fhy; ngUtpuypy; mzpag;gl;lJ. kfutha; Nkhjpuk; vd;gJ fhy;

eLtpuypy; mzpag;gl;lJ. gPyp vd;gJ fhy;tpuypy; mzpag;gl;l Nkhjpuk;.

ifapy; Rz;LtpuYf;F mLj;j tpuypy; mzpag;gl;l Nkhjpuj;Jf;Fg;

gFtha; Nkhjpuk; vd;gJ ngah;. kfu kPd; (this kPd;) tha; jpwe;J

mq;fhe;jpUg;gJ Nghyr; nra;ag; gl;bUf;Fk;. ,jw;F newp vd;Wk; ngah;

cz;L. kzp Nkhjpuk; vd;gJ eLtpuypy; mzpag;gLtJ ,jpy; khzpf;ff;

fy; gjpj;jpUf;Fk;. Ms;fhl;b vd;Dk; Rl;Ltpuypy; mzpag;gLtJ

kufjNkhjpuk;: ,jw;F kufj Nkhjpuk;> tl;lg;G+ vd;Wk; ngah; cz;L. ,jd;

eLtpy; nghpa kufjf; fy;Yk; (gr;irf;fy;)> mijr; Rw;wpYk; rpW ituf;

fw;fSk; gjpj;jpUf;Fk;. ,f;fhyj;jpNy ntt;NtW tifahd Nkhjpuq;fs;

iftpuy;fspy; mzpag;gLfpd;wd.

Vdhjp Nkhjpuk; vd;Dk; xUtif Nkhjpuk; gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy;

,Ue;jJ. Vdhjp Nkhjpuj;ij vy;NyhUk; mzpa KbahJ. Nridj;

jiyth;fspy; ‘Vdhjp’ vd;Dk; gl;lk; ngw;wth;fs; khj;jpuk; ,e;j

Nkhjpuj;ij mzpe;jhh;fs;. Nru Nrho ghz;ba murh;fs; jkJ Nridj;

jiytiug; ghuhl;b Vdhjpg; gl;lk; mspf;Fk;NghJ> ‘Vdhjp Nkhjpuj;ij’

mth;fs; if tpuypy; mzptpg;ghh;fs;. MfNt> Vdhjp Nkhjpuk; Nridj;

jiytUf;F kl;Le;jhd; cupajhf ,Ue;jJ.

irt> itztf; Nfhapy;fspNy gytifahd nja;t cUtq;fSk;

kdpj cUtq;fSk; fy;ypYk; nrk;gpYk; nra;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. me;j

cUtq;fis Cd;wpg; ghh;g;Nghkhdhy;> mr;rpw;g cUtq;fs; nra;ag;gl;l

fhyj;jpy; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; mzpe;j eiffisAk; cilfisAk;

mtw;wpy; fhzyhk;. gioa Xtpaq;fspYk; ,tw;iwf; fhzyhk;. fiyf;

$lq;fshf tpsq;Ffpw ekJ Nfhapy;fs; ,JNghd;w gy Jiw

Muha;r;rpfSf;Fg; gad;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy; nghJ kf;fs; ,e;jr; rpw;g

cUtq;fis Cd;wp Muha;e;J ghh;f;fhkypUg;gJ tUe;Jjw;FhpaJ.

,dpNaDk; rpw;g cUtq;fis Cd;wpg; ghh;j;J Muha;thh;fshf.

45

ehlfk;

NguwpQh; mz;zh nrhy;td;ikkpf;f NguwpQh; mth;fs; jkpofj;jpd; fhQ;rp khefupy; jpU. eluhrh; - jpUkjp. gq;fhU mk;ikahh; vd;Dk; ,Uth;f;Fk; fp.gp.1909Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gh; jpq;fs; 15-Mk; ehs; gpwe;jhh;. ,tuJ ,aw;ngah; mz;zhJiu. nrd;id> gr;irag;gd; fy;Y}hpapy; vk;.V.nghUshjhuk;> gbj;Jg; gl;lk ngw;whh;. fp.gp.1930,y; ,uhzp mk;ikahiu kze;jhh;. nghpahhpd; rPluhd ,tu; jpuhtpl Kd;Ndw;wf; fofj;ijj; njhlq;fpdhu;. gy;NtW vjph;g;Gfisr; re;jpj;jhh;. fp.gp.1967-y; jkpof Kjy;tuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;whh;. Njhw;wj;jpy; vspikAk; goFtjw;F ,dpikAk; nfhz;lth;. flik>fd;dpak;> fl;Lg;ghL ,itNa ,tuJ nfhs;iffs;. ,tNu jkpofj;jpy; ,U nkhopf; nfhs;ifia mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhh;. ,tiu mLf;Fr; nrhy; mz;zh vd;W Nghw;Wth;. fy;fpahy; ‘jkpo;ehl;Lg; ngu;dhl;\h’ vd;W ghuhl;lg;gl;lth;. ,tuJ Gfo;kpf;f ehlfq;fspy; Ntiyf;fhhp> Xh; ,uT> re;jpuNkhfd;> ePjpNjtd; kaf;fk; vd;gdTk; mlq;Fk;.

myF -3

46

jpuhtpl ehL> fhQ;rp Mfpa ,jo;fspd; MrphpauhfTk; ,Ue;jhh;. ,th; 1969Mk; Mz;L gpg;uthpj; jpq;fs; 3-k; ehs; ,aw;if va;jpdhh;. gy rhjidfSf;Fr; nrhe;jf;fhuuhd ,tuJ ,Wjp Ch;tyKk; rhjid gilj;jJ. 50 ,yl;rk; kf;fs; fz;zPu; tbj;Jr; nrd;wdh;. cyfpd; kpfg;nghpa kuz Cu;tyk; ,J. vd;W fpd;d]; Fwpj;Js;sJ. ,tUila rpW ehlfkhd ‘ghujk;’ ekf;Fg; ghlg;gFjpahf cs;sJ. ,e;ehlfk; ‘ghujk;’ vDk; njhFg;G E}ypy; cs;sJ.

ghujk; ,lk; : rpYFhp ,uapyb ,Ug;Nghh; : tq;f ,isQh;fs;

epiyik : kidtp kf;fSld; mrhkpah; xUth; ,uapNyw tUfpwhh;. mtiu> Kiwj;Jg; ghh;f;fpwhh;fs;> tq;f ,isQh;fs;> mJfz;L> mtUf;F ,Nyrhf mr;rk; jl;LfpwJ. vdpDk; mijf; fhl;bf; nfhs;shky; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. tq;f ,isQh;fs; jkf;Fs; Ngrpf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;.

“mNjh! mNjh! ghh;! mrhk;ghud;!”

“Mkhk;! ghh;j;jhy; gpuKfh; Nghyj; njhpfpwJ. FLk;gj;NjhL ,Uf;fpwhh;”

“gpuKfuhdhy; vd;d> gpr;irf;fhudhdhy; vd;d! Mrhkp mrhk;fhud;!”

“mJ cz;ik”

“NtW vd;d Ntz;Lk; fhuzk;!”

“mJ Nghjhjh? ekJ kf;fis ntl;b tPo;j;Jfpwhh;fs;. mrhkpy; ,e;j

mrhkpah; ,q;F> Jzpthf cyhTfpwh;fs;. jq;fis ahh;> vd;d nra;a KbAk; vd;W!”

“njhpAk; mth;fSf;F> ehk; nrhj;ijfs; vd;W ,y;iyahdhy;> mrhkpy; ek;kth;fs; nrj;JtpOfpwhh;fs;. fPNo. ,q;F ‘uh[eil’ NghLfpwhd;.> xU mrhkp> ,J tq;fhsk; vd;gJ njhpahky;.”

“tq;fhsk; Nfhiofspd; ,Ug;gplkhfptpl;lJ vd;w vz;zk;”

47

“Rgh\;ghG ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; ,g;gbah ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;” “mij Vd; ,g;NghJ vz;zpf;nfhs;fpwha;. Rgh\; re;jpuNgh];>

,Ue;jpUe;jhy;> by;ypg; NguuNr ek;kplk; jhd; ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;. “,g;NghJ? mrhkpNy mbj;Jj; Juj;Jfpwhh;fs;.” “ntl;br; rha;fpwhh;fs;.” “mNj mrhk; ehl;lhd; mr;rkpd;wp elf;fpwhd; ,q;F” “tha; jpwthJjhNd ,Uf;fpNwhk;.

*** ,lk; :,uapybapd; kw;Nwhh; Gwk; ,Ug;Nghh; : tq;fr; rpWth;> rpWkpah;> Jf;fk; fg;gpa epiyapy;. epiyik : mth;fis> tq;f ,isQh;fs; ghh;j;Jtpl;lg; ghpjhgg;gLfpwhh;fs;. “tq;fj;jpd; fjpiag; ghh;j;jhah? “tWik gpbj;jhl;LfpwJ”. “tWik kl;Lky;y NghypUf;fpwJ. nghpa tpgj;jpNy rpf;fpath;fs; Nghyj; njhpfpwJ”. “Nfl;Lg; ghh;g;Nghk;” (rpWth;fis Nehf;fp) “ePq;fnsy;yhk;> tq;fhspfs;jhNd?” “Mkhk;> tq;fhspfs;jhd;”…. “Vd; mOfpwPh;fs;?” “vq;fs; mg;gh… mg;gh…” “vq;Nf Ngha;tpl;lhh;?” “nrj;Jg; Ngha;tpl;lhh;?”

48

“INah> ghtk;! vd;d NehNah?” “nfhd;Wtpl;lhh;fs;… mrhkpy;…” “Nfl;lhah? Mrhkpah; nfhd;Wtpl;lhh;fs;> ,e;jf; Foe;ijfspd; jfg;gid> FLk;gk; fjWfpwJ. “Mdhy;> mNjh epw;fpwhd; mrhkpahd;” “ehk; ,Uf;fpNwhk;> kuf;fl;ilfshf” (mrhkpaiu Nehf;fp tpiue;J nry;fpwhh;fs;. jd;id Nehf;fp> tq;f ,isQh;fs; tUtJ fz;L gPjp milfpwhh;. kidtp ghh;j;J> vd;d ,J ,j;jid tq;f ,isQh;fs; tUfpwhh;Ns ek;ik Nehf;fp> Nfhgkhf vd;W $Wfpwhh; ghu;itahy;> gag;glhNj vd;W kidtpf;Fj; ijhpak; $Wfpwhh;. tq;f ,isQh;fs; mUNf neUq;fp tUfpwhh;fs;. tq;fr; rpWtu;fSk; cld; te;J epw;fpwhh;fs;. tq;f ,isQh;fspy; Jbg;Gs;std;> Nfhgkhf> mrhkpaiug; ghh;j;Jf; Nfl;fpwhd;.) “,e;jr; rpWth;fspd; jfg;gdhiu nfhd;w nfhiy ghjfd; ahh;?” “,e;jf; Foe;ijfspd; jfg;gid nfhd;W tpl;lhu;fsh.. INah… ghtk;..” “cUFtJ ,Uf;fl;Lk;> ahh; me;jf;nfhiy ghjfd;?” “vdf;nfg;gbj;jk;gp> njhpAk;?” “Kiw nfhz;lhLtij epWj;jpf; nfhs;. Nfhiy eilngw;w ,lk;. mrhk;” “mrhkpyh? mf;ukk;> mf;ukk;!” “vJ? ehq;fs; Nfl;fpNwhNk mJth?” “mjy;y mg;gh! nfhiy nra;jij. mf;ukk; vd;W fz;bf;fpNwd;. vtdhf ,Ue;jhy; vd;d? nfhiy> nfhiyjhd;. mf;ukk; jhd; mijr; nrhd;Ndd;. Mj;jpug;gl;Lg; NgRfpwPh;fNs!” “nrr;Nr! Mj;jpug;glyhkh> ,jw;F! ez;gu;fNs! Nfl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> nghpah; cgNjrk; nra;fpwhh;. tq;fj;jpypUe;J nrd;W mutpe;jNfh\; cgNjrk; nra;jJ me;jf;fhyk; tq;fk; te;J mrhkpad; cgNjrk; nra;tJ ,e;jf; fhyk;”.

49

“cgNjrk;> rkhkd;akhf my;y! gLnfhiyfs; elj;jptpl;Lg; gpwF tq;fk; te;J ntl;LNthk; nrj;J tpOth; tq;fj;jhh;. cq;fs; kf;fs; vd;whYk; Mj;jpukhfg; NgrhjPh;fs; vd;W cgNjrk; nra;fpwhh;” “NgrhjPh;fs; vd;WjhNd nrhd;dhh;..” “Ngrj;jhNd njhpfpwJ ekf;F…” “tq;f ,isQh;fNs! Vd; ,g;gb tha;f;F te;jgb NgRfpwPh;fs;> vtNdh nra;Jtpl;l gLnfhiyf;F…” “gLnfhiy nra;jtd;. mrhkpad;.” “ePAk; xU mrhkpad;!” “,J tq;fhsk;” “tq;fhspfis> mrhkpah; nfhd;W Ftpj;jdh;.” “,q;F xU mrhkpad; cyh tUfpwhd;” “ntl;L” “Fj;J” “nfhy;Y” (mrhkpah; jhf;fg;gLfpwhh;> kidtp fjwpj; Jbj;jplf; fz;l tq;f ,isQh;fs; khjplk; NgRfpwhh;fs;.) “fjWfpwhah! ,g;gb vj;jid tq;f khjhf;fs;> fjwpdhh;fs; njhpAkh> mrhkpy;.;” “mk;kh mij vq;Nf ghh;j;jpUf;fg; Nghfpwhh;fs;” “Iahkhh;fs; nra;j tPukhd fhhpak;> mk;khkhh;fSf;Fj; njhpakhyh ,Uf;Fk;?” (mbg;gl;Lf; nfhz;l epiyapYk;> mrhkpah; jd; kidtpia tq;f ,isQh;fs; Jd;GWj;JtJ fz;L> gijgijj;Jg; NgRfpwhh;). “mg;gh! mg;gh! vd;id mbAq;f> cijAq;fs;! mtis xd;Wk; nra;ahjPq;f. ngz;! ngz;nzd;why; NgAk; ,uq;Fkhk;”.

50

“Mkhk;! Nga;$l ,uf;fk; fhl;Lk; cz;ikjhd;. Mdhy; mrhkpah; fhl;bdhuh ,uf;fk;.” “khdgq;fg; gLj;jpdhh;fs; tq;f ehl;Lg; ngz;fis “mJ mf;ukk; - fz;bf;fpNwd;. mrhkpah; nra;jhh;fs; vd;why;> mJ epr;rak; fz;bf;fg;gl Ntz;baJ jhd;..” “nra;jhh;fs; vd;why;…!” “Iah! NgRfpwhh; nghb itj;J! Va;. mrhk; ehl;Lf;fhuh! vq;fs; ngz;fis> cd;Dila mrhkpah; khdgq;fg;gLj;jpdhh;fs; vd;W ehq;fs; nrhy;tJ ngha;ah?” “,y;iyNa> mg;gh! ehd; mg;gbr; nrhy;y tpy;iyNa” “Mdhy;> ek;gkhl;Nld; vd;fpwha;” “vg;gb ek;GtJ? ,e;jf; fytu Neuj;jpy;> epiwa tje;jpfs; fij fl;btpLthh;fs;.” “Ghpfpwjh. ,e;j mrhkpfs; nrhy;tJ! ehd; ghh;f;ftpy;iyNa fz;fshy; vd;fpwhd;.” “thahb! thjhLfpwhd;. Rhkhh;j;jpaj;ijf; fhl;Lfpwhd;”. “fhl;Lg; gay;fs; ,d;W ,g;gb ‘Nkjhtp’ Nt\k; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L jphpfpwhh;fs;.” “mNl! Ngr;R vd;dNtz;b ,Uf;fpwJ. tq;fNk te;J thyhl;Lfpw ,e;j tf;fpuGj;jpf;fhuid> nrk;ikahf mbj;J….” “… nfhy;yNtz;Lk;.” “Ntz;lhk;…” “Vd;? ghgk; vd;fpwhah?” “mjy;y ez;gh! ,tidf; nfhd;W Nghl;lhy;> tq;fk; rPwpdhy; mrhkpah; vd;d fjpahth; vd;gJ vg;gbj; njhpAk;? mbj;Jj; Juj;jpdhy; Mrhkp mrhk; nrd;W fjWthd;. fhaq;fisf; fhl;Lthd;: Gj;jp Gfl;Lthd;.” “mJTk; rhpjhd;! cijj;J tpul;Lq;fs;.”

51

“vYk;Gf;F xU mbahf vz;zp mbf;f Ntz;Lk;.” “MAs; cs;stiu> njhpa Ntz;Lk;..” (mrhkpaiur; #o;e;J nfhz;L jhf;Ffpwhh;fs;. kidtp JbJbj;J mof;fz;L> mbgLtijtpl mjpf Ntjid Vw;gLfpwJ mrhk; ehl;ltUf;F.) “Iah! Iah! mbf;fhjPh;fs;. cq;fs; fhypy; tpOe;J Fk;gpLfpNwd;. vtNdh nra;j mf;ukj;Jf;fhf vd;idr; rpj;jputij nra;tJ jh;kkh> epahakh?” “Ngha;f; Nfs;> cd; ehl;Lf;fhuiu> tq;fj;jhiuj; jhf;fpaJ epahakh> jh;kkh vd;W! jh;kk;! vjw;F? cq;fsplk; vq;fs; ehl;lth; cij gLtJ jhd; jh;kkh!” “NghLq;fs; nrk;ikahf” “Iah! mth; mb jhskhl;lhuha;ah! IaNah! ,uj;jk; nrhl;LfpwNj <L ,uf;fk; fhl;lf; $lhjh? ,e;jf; nfhLikiaj; jLf;f ahUk; ,y;iyah? vy;NyhUf;Fkh kdk; ,Uk;ghfptpl;lJ.” “Gyk;Gijg; ghh;! mq;Nf> nfhSj;jpdhh;fNs> tq;fj;jhdpd; tPLfis! jP #o;e;J nfhz;lJ. jPNahh; Juj;jpj; Juj;jpj; jhf;fpdhh;. ju;kkh Iah! vd;W tq;fj;jhh; Nfl;ldh;. nfQ;rpdu;.” (mrhkpau;> jhf;fg;gLfpwhh;. mtUld; te;j ez;gu; jhf;fg;gLfpwhh;) kidtpf;Fk; gykhd mb mrhkpaUf;F clypy; gy ,lq;fspy; ,uj;jf;fhak; gy; cile;J fPNo tpOfpwJ. ,q;Fk; mq;Fkhf cytpagb ,e;jr; rk;gtj;ijg; gyu; ghh;f;fpwhh;fs;. rpyh; rphpf;fpwhh;fs;. gyh; fz;Lk; fhzhjJ NghypUf;fpwhh;fs;. NghyP]; tUfpwJ. Jbab elf;fpwJ. tq;fhspfs; $l;lk; $l;lkhf te;J Ftpfpwhh;fs;. fyfKk; Fog;gKk; mjpfkhfpwJ.

52

NghyPrhh;> mbgl;l mrhkpaiu> ghJfhg;ghf ,uapy; epiyaj;J miwapy; nfhz;L Ngha;r; Nrh;j;J tpl;L Nkw;nfhz;L ahUk; te;J mth;fisj; jhf;fhjpUf;ff; fhty; epw;fpwhh;fs;. ntspNa> Nfhgk; nfhe;jspf;Fk;> epiyapy;> tq;fhspfs; cs;sdh;. “ghh;j;jhah> NghyP]; te;Jtpl;lJ. mrhkpaidf; fhg;ghw;w!” “tq;fhsj;J muR ,g;gb ,Uf;fpwJ fyfj;ij mlf;Ffpwjhk;! khdkw;wth;fs;> ,dg;gw;W ,y;yhjth;fs;> khz;ldh; tq;f ehl;lth;. mrhkpy;! ,q;F mrhkpaDf;Fg; ghJfhg;ghk;!” “ek;kth;fis> mrhkpah; Fj;jpf; nfhd;wNghJ mrhk;ehl;Lg; NghyPR vd;d nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ?” “Ntbf;if ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;!” “NghyPR> mrhkpy; mf;fiwAld; jd; flikiar; nra;jpUe;jhy; gLnfhiyfs;> #iwahLjy; elj;jpUf;Fkh?” “mbgLtJ tq;fhsp> mbg;gtd; mrhkp> rhp vd;W fz;Lk; fhzhjJ NghypUe;Jtpl;lJ. mrhk; NghyP];> ,e;j mrfhar; #uh;fisg;ghh;> ek;ik mbj;J tpul;Lfpwhh;fs;”. “Jg;ghf;fpiaj; J}f;Ffpwhh;fs;”. (ngUq;$l;lk; $btpl;lJ fz;L> NghyPR fyfj;ij mlf;f> RLtJjhd; top vd;W czUfpwJ. Jg;ghf;fp> NgRfpwJ! Fz;Lfs; gha;fpd;wd! Fz;lbgl;l> Ie;J Ngh; fPNo tpOfpwhh;fs;. gpzkhf> kw;wth;fs; fiye;J nry;fpwhh;fs;. Ie;J gpzq;fs;! mzp mzpahf NghyPR> jhf;Fz;l epiyapy;> mrhkpaf; FLk;gk;> fyfj;ij mlf;fptpl;L> NtW fyfk; fpsk;gplhky; jLf;fg; NghyPR RWRWg;ghf Ntiy nra;fpwJ. mbg;gl;lth;> NghyPR jiyapl;lhy;> jd; jiy jg;gpaJ vd;gij czUfpwhh;. Fz;lbg;gl;Lf; fPNo tPo;e;j Itiuf; fhZfpd;wdh;. tq;f ,isQh;fs;) “Rl;Lj; js;sptpl;lhu;fNs> Jiuj;jdkh ,J! tq;fj;jpNy> mrhk; ehl;ltUf;fhfth NghyPR ,Uf;fpwJ”. “,dg;gw;W mw;wth;fs; jhNd ,q;F Ml;rp elj;Jfpwhh;fs;” “,e;j Ml;rpia xopj;Jf; fl;lNtz;Lk;. #Lnrhuiz mw;wth;fsplk; Ml;rp ,Uf;ff;$lhJ! ntl;L xd;W Jz;L ,uz;L vd;w Kiwapy;> nrayhw;WNthh;> Ntz;Lk;”.

53

“,g;NghJ elf;ff;$ba fhupakh> mJ” “elf;fpw NghJ elf;fl;Lk; - ,g;NghJ ehL mwpal;Lk; ekJ ty;yikia” “,we;jth;> Ith;! “mtny;yhk;> tq;fhspfs; (NghyPR Kk;Kukhff; flikiar; nra;af; fz;L> tq;f ,isQh;fs; mrhkpaiu mbg;gijg; ghj;j;J urpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jtu;fs;) ,d;W ,J NghJk;! ehisf;Fg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;syhk; vd;W Ngrpagb fiyfpwhh;fs;. xOFk; ,uj;jj;ijj; Jilj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhh; Mrhkp. mth; kidtp> fz;zPh; tbf;fpwhh;. rw;Wg; gykhd rj;jk; Nfl;lhy;> mth;fSf;F eLf;fk; Vw;gLfpwJ. fyfk; tpistpj;Njhh;> fiye;J nry;fpwhh;fs;. ,uapy; Gwg;gLfpwJ. Nfypf; $r;ry; fpsk;GfpwJ. “NghjhJ cij” “vd; if tPq;f tpl;ljg;gh> mbj;J mbj;J”. “vt;tsT mbj;jhYk; NghjhNj! mt;tsT mf;uky;yth nra;fpwhh;fs;”. “ehk; epahak; Nfl;fpNwhk;. rw;W cuj;j Fuypy;” “Nfl;fpNwhk;! fpilf;fpwjh?” “epr;rak; fpilf;Fk; ePjp epiyf;Fk;.” (,uapy; fpsk;GfpwJ. mbg;gl;l mrhkpaf; FLk;gk;> fz;zPUk; fk;giyAk; ,uapNyWfpd;wdh;.) ,lk; : nfs`j;jp> ,uapyb ,Ug;Nghh; : tq;fj;jpy; mbg;gl;L FLk;gk;

54

epiyik : tq;fj;jpy;> jhf;fg;gl;L> NghyPrhy; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;L> caph;jg;gp> mrhkpa FLk;gj;jhh; tUtjwpe;J mrhkpah; $bAs;sdh;. “ghh;j;jhah> gay;fspd; kz;ilf; fh;tj;ij? gl;lg;gfypy;> gfpuq;fkhf ,uapybapy; klf;fpf; nfhz;L> mbj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;.” “rl;lrig cWg;gpdh; vd;W nrhy;yhkyh ,Ue;jpUg;ghh;> ghtk;” “nrhy;ypapUg;ghh;! eP ahuhf ,Ue;jhy; vd;d! ke;jphpahfNt ,U! mrhkpad; jhNd! vd;W nrhf;fhpj;jpUg;ghh;fs;.” “,q;F? Fly; njwpf;f Xbdhh;fs;.” “XbdJ kl;Lkh! fhiyg;gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L nfQ;rpdhh;fs;” “jiy jg;gpdhy; NghJk; vd;W> jpfpy; nfhz;L Xbdh;.” “fhhpj;Jg;gpNdhk; - fhyhy cijj;Njhk; - fLikahfj; jhf;fpNdhk;. fg;rpg;! tha; jpwf;ftpy;iy.” “ml> mJkl;Lkh! $ltUk; ngz;izg; gpbj;jpOj;jhd;> Milia cUtpdhd;. ek;k mrhkp xUtd; - mts; mywpdhs;! me;j Mltd; jpUjpUntd;W tpopj;jhNd jtpu vjph;f;f Kbe;jjh? “Nfhiofs;.” “,q;F! Mdhy; mq;F?” “jdpahfr; rpf;fpf; nfhz;lhh;. ghtk;! mbj;J ehrhf;fpdhh;fs;”. “tl;bAk; KjYkhfj; juNtz;Lk;”. “,Nyrhd mb cijah> fpilj;jJ mJfSf;F.” (,uapy; te;J epw;fpwJ. mbgl;l mrhkpad; FLk;gj;jhhplk;> gyh;nrd;W MWjy; $Wfpwhh;fs;.) “gykhd mbNah?” “Mkhk;! clnyq;Fk;” “me;jf; fhypfisg; NghyPR xLf;f tuNtapy;iyah? “te;jpUf;Fk;> fyfk; Kw;wpa gpwF”.

55

“$l;lk; vt;tsT ,Uf;Fk;” “Kjypy; gj;J ,UgJ Ngh;jhd;! Mdhy;> vg;gbNah nra;jp fhl;Lj; jPg;Nghyg; gutptpl;lJ. ngUq;$l;lk; $btpl;lJ. Mwhapuj;Jf; Fiwthf ,uhJ> $l;lj;jpypUe;Njhh;.” “NghyPR te;J> vd;d nra;jJ?” “vd;d nra;a KbAk; mt;tsT nghpa $l;lj;ij.” “NghyPR> jb J}f;fpaJk;> fhypfs; Nfl;bUg;ghh;fs;. ePAk; tq;fhspjhNd! cd; clk;gpNy XLtJ tq;fhsp ,d ,uj;jk;jhNd! tq;fhspia mbf;f vg;gb kdk; ,lk; nfhLj;jJ? ghrk; ,y;iyah> ge;jk; ,y;iyah? vd;nwy;yhk;.” “NghyPRf;fhuNu> jLkhwpg; NghapUg;ghh;fs;.” “epr;rakhf! mth;fs; tq;fhspfs; jhNd!” “ghtk;” ed;whf mbj;Jtpl;lhh;fs;. NghyPR Kl;Lk;> fLikahd eltbf;ifiaj; Jhpjkhf vLj;jpUe;jhy;> fhypfs; $l;lk; jiynjwpf;f Xbtpl;bUf;Fk;.” “NghyPR ey;ygb Ntiy nra;jJ> ez;gh;fNs! ,y;yhtpl;lhy;> ehd; nfhy;yg;gl;Lg; NghapUg;Ngd;> fhypfis tpul;b mbj;jdh; Rlr;Rlr; nra;jdh;.” “Jg;ghf;fpahyh..?” “Mkhk; Ie;J Ngiur; Rl;L…” “Rl;L…?” “Rl;Lf; nfhd;wdh;” “Ie;J Ngh;> nrj;jhh;fsh?” “Ie;Nj Ie;J gpzq;fs;jhdh” “kw;wth;fs; Xbj; jg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gh;”

56

“,g;NghjhtJ njhpfpwjh tq;fj;jhDf;F ,lk; nfhLj;jhy; vd;d fjp vd;gJk;> tq;fj;jhdplk; jg;gpj; jtwp rpf;fpf; nfhz;lhy;> vt;tsT nfhLik nra;thh;fs; vd;gJk;.” “cdf;Fj; njhpfpwJ. vdf;Fj; njhpfpwJ. Mdhy; Cuhs te;jpUf;fpwhh;fNs ek;k ke;jphpfs;> mtu;fSf;F njhpfpwjh?” “njhpaf; $ba ,lj;jpyh mth;fs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs; gjtpapy; Guz;L fplg;NghUf;F gkhuh; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhy; $l> kdk; gjwhNj! “Gj;jpkjp $Wfpwhh;fs;. xw;Wik Ntz;Lk;! mikjp Ntz;Lk;! rl;lj;ijf; Fiyf;ff;$lhJ vd;nwy;yhk;> mwpTiu NgRfpwhh;fs;.” “mikr;rh;fs;! mbgLgtd;> mrhkpad;…” “,th;fs; kl;Lk;?” “ehl;Lg;gw;W nkhopg;gw;W> ,dg;gw;W> mw;wth;fspd; gpbapy; mrhk; rpf;fpf; fplf;fpw tiuapy; vy;yhf; nfhLikfisAk; ,opTfisAk; ehk; Rke;J jPu Ntz;Lk; NtW top?” (mbg;gl;l mrhkpaiu neUq;fp> md;Giu $Wfpd;wdh;. gj;jphpf;ifr; nra;jp Nrfhpg;Nghh;> tuf;fz;L> toptpl;L> mthplk; NgRfpwhh;fs;.) “tphpthf vOjNtz;Lk;> tq;fhspfspd; mf;fpukr; nraiyg; gw;wp.” “jilvd;d? mjw;fhfj;jhd;> mthplNk jfty; Nfl;L mwpa te;jpUf;fpNwd;.” “mrhk; ,jo;jhNd?” “Mkhk;! tq;fhs ,jo;f;fhud;> tUthdh ,ijf;Nfl;f!” “Iah! nghpatNu! ,Njh gj;jphpf;if epUgh;> xd;Wtplhky; nrhy;Yq;fs; tpsf;fkhf.” “mth;fs; Nghl;l fhl;Lf;$r;ry;> %l;ba fyfk;> jhf;fpa nfhLik vy;yhtw;iwAk;…” “ngz;nzd;W $lg;ghuhky;> jhf;fpd mf;ukj;ijr; nrhy;Yq;fs;” “tptukhf ,jopy; ntspapl;lhy;jhd;> cdf;F cz;ik njhpAk;” “tptukhf ntspapLfpNwd;. Ehd; mrhkpad; my;yth?”

57

“me;j czh;r;rp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;…” “,Uf;ff; $lhjhNk! ,e;jpah; vd;w Ngr;Rg; Ngrp> vy;yhr;RfKk; ngw;W tho;gtu;fs;!!” “mg;gbNa epy;Yq;fs;> kidtpAld; Nghl;Nlh vLf;fl;Lk; - gj;jpupf;ifapy; Nghl.” “jhq;fs; xU gpuKfh; vd;W njhpe;Jk; jhf;fpdh;?” “mrhkpad; vd;w cld; jhf;Ffpwhh;fs;.” “mt;tsT ntwp?” “mg;gbj;jhd; fhzg;gLfpwJ.” “NghyPR…?” “Jg;ghf;fpahy; Rl;Lj;jhd;> $l;lj;ij mlf;f Kbe;jJ”. “Ie;J Ngh; nrj;jduhNj?” “Mkhk;! NghyPR kPJ fw;fis tPrpdhh;fs;. rpwpJ Vkhe;jpUe;jhy;> nghpa Mgj;Jj;Jhd; mjdhy; jhd;> Rl Ntz;b te;jJ.” “NghyPR> jd; ghJfhg;Gf;fhfr; Rl;lJ?” “Mkhk;…” “Nfl;lhah> ez;gh! ekJ ehl;lth; mbg;gl;lhh;> mtiu ,k;ir nra;jhh;fNs> mjw;fhf my;y NghyPR> Rl;lJ. mth;fs; jq;fs; capiuf; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;sj;jhd; Rl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. Iah! gj;jphpf;if epUgNu! ,ij tpsf;fkhf ,jopy; ntspapLq;fs;.” “mg;gbNa! IahNt> nfhLj;jhy; vy;yhj; jftiyAk;…” “tPl;Lf;F thUk;> KO tptuk; $WfpNwd;.” (mbg;gl;lth; tPL nrey;yf; fpsk;Gfpwhh;. mrhkpah;. tq;fhspfs; xopf! tq;fhspNa! Xbg;Ngh! mrhkpaNu! Xd;W gLf! vd;W Kof;fk; vOg;Gfpd;wdh;. mbg;gl;l mrhkpaUld; te;j rpWkp jd; jhiag; ghh;j;Jf; Nfl;fpwhs;.)

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“mk;kh! mk;kh ,q;NfAk;> mq;Nf $r;rypl;lhh;fNs> mJNghyNt $Tfpwhh;fNs… gakhf ,Uf;fpwNj…” “gag;glhNj! ,th;fs; ek;kth;fs;.” “fhypfs; my;yth? mq;Nf fhypfs; ml;lfhrk; vd;W nrhd;dhNa> mNj Nghyj;jhNd ,th;fSk; $r;rypLfpwhh;fs;.” “mJ NtW! ,J NtW fz;Nz! ,th;fs; ek;kth;fs;> ek;ik xd;Wk; nra;akhl;lhh;fs;.” “ntl;LNthk;! Fj;JNthk;! vd;W mq;Nf> $r;rypl;lhh;fNs. ,th;fSk; $Tfpwhh;fNs> mk;kh! ,th;fSk;> ntl;Lthh;fNs…” “nrr;Nr! mg;gbr; nrhy;yhNj! ,th;fs;> ntl;LNthk;> Fj;JNthk; vd;W $WtJ> ekf;fhf my;y> tq;fhsj;jhd;fSf;fhf!” “tq;fhspiaf; fz;lhy;> ntl;Lthh;fsh mk;kh!” “Mkhk;! Rk;kh tpLthh;fsh!” “nrr;nr! ,J vd;dk;kh mf;ukk;! tq;fhsj;jpNy> mrhkpaiu ntl;Lthh;fs; - mrhkpNy tq;fhspia ntl;Lthh;fs; vd;why;… ehlh> fhlh?” “cuf;fg; NgrhNj> fz;Nz! Nfhgpg;ghh;fs;!” “cs;sijr; nrhd;dhNy..?” (tPL nry;fpd;wdh;.) (nrd;w jpq;fs; ele;j mrhk; fyfj;jpd; NghJ tq;fk; nrd;W jpUk;gpa Nfh];thkp vDk; rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdh; rpYFhp ,uapybapy;> tq;fhspfshy; jhf;fg;gl;lhh;.) me;jr; nra;jpiag; gpd;dzpahff; nfhz;L> ,e;j ‘ehlf tbtk;’ mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Nfh];thkp> mrhk; khepy rl;lkd;wj;jpy; vjph;f;fl;rpj; jiyth;. tq;fhsj;jpy;> mtUf;F Nehpl;l tpgj;Jg;gw;wp> ,jo;fspy; nra;jp ntspapl;bUf;fpwhh;.

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me;jr; nra;jpia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jPl;lg;gl;lJ. .,e;j “ehl;by; elg;gJ”

lhf;lh; MW. mofg;gd; nfhy;ypg;ghit

,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lk; Mj;jq;Fbapy; 10.08.1937-y; gpwe;j ,th; mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; KJfiy gapd;W mg;gy;fiyf; fofj;jpNyNa gzpapy; Nrh;e;jhh;. gbg;gbahfg; gzp cah;T ngw;Wj; jkpo;j; Jiwj; jiytuhdhh;. ,ilapy; rpy Mz;Lfs; nrd;id vOk;G+hpy; jkpo;> tlnkhop gpw ,e;jp nkhop Muha;r;rp epWtdj;jpd; ,af;FeuhfTk; gzpGhpe;jhh;. ehl;Lg;GwtpaYk; ehlfKk; ,tUf;F ,U fz;fshf tpsq;Ftd. ehl;Lg;Gwtpaypy; ‘jhyhl;Lfs; Ie;E}W’ vd;w jiyg;gpy; Ma;T nra;J vk;.ypl;.> gl;lKk;> ehlfj;Jiwapy; ‘jkpo; ehlfq;fspd; ghpzhk tsh;r;rp’ vd;w jiyg;gpy; Ma;T Nkw;nfhz;L Kidth; (lhf;lh;) gl;lKk; ngw;whh;. ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs; gytw;iwr; Nrfhpj;j ,th; mg;ghly;fspd; mikg;igAk; tiffisAk; mit tuyhw;wpw;Fj; Jizahf miktijAk; tpsf;Fk; tifapy; ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs; - jpwdha;T vd;w mhpa E}iy ntspapl;Ls;shh;. ehlfj; jkpopYk; ehlfk; gilj;jy;> ehlfk; gw;wp Muha;jy;> ehlfj;jpw;nfd ,jo; elj;Jjy; vd %tifapy; Kide;J nrayhw;wpapUf;fpwhu;. tuyhw;W ehlfq;fs;> tho;f;if tuyhw;W ehlfq;fs;> r%f ehlfq;fs;> vs;sy; ehlfq;fs;> ,yf;fpa ehlfq;fs; vd Itif ehlfq;fisg; gilj;Js;shh;. rq;f ,yf;fpag; ghf;fs; jUk; nra;jpfspd; mbg;gilapy; ,tuhy; Gidag;gl;l ehlfq;fspd; njhFg;ghf ‘ehlfr; nry;tk;’ vd;w E}y; tpsq;FfpwJ. me;j ehlfq;fSs; xd;whd ‘nfhy;ypg;ghit’ ,q;Fg; ghlkhf ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

nfhy;ypg;ghit lhf;lh; MW. mofg;gd;

Nryk; khtl;lj;jpy;> Mj;J}h;> ehkf;fy; $w;wj;jpy; gjpNdO fy; ePsj;jpidf; nfhz;l ePz;l xU Fd;Wj;njhlh; cs;sJ. Mokhd FWfpa gs;sj;jhf;FfisAk;> ePh;epiyfisAk; fdp jUk; kuq;fisAk; NjdpidAk; nfhz;l me;jf; Fd;Wf;Ff; nfhy;yp kiy vd;W ngah;. me;j kiyapy; nfhy;ypg;ghit vd;w ngahpidg; ngw;w mofpa ghit xd;W ,Ue;jjhfr; rq;fj; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. me;jg; ghitiag; gw;wpr; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; nra;jpfspd; mbg;gilapy; vOe;j ehlfk;.

60

ehlf cWg;gpdh;fs;

xhp : filnaO ts;sy;fspy; xUtd;@ nfhy;yp kiyj;jiytd;. khhp : Xhpapd; kidtp fhhp : filnaO ty;ys;fspd; xUtd;> NfhtpY}h; kd;dd;@ kiyakhd; jpUKbf;fhhp vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLgtd;. ,Uk;nghiw : Nru kd;dd;@ ‘jf^h; vwpe;j ngUQ;NruypUk;nghiw’ vd;w ngahpidg; ngw;wtd;@ gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; vl;lhk; gj;jpd; jiytd;. mhprpy; fpohh; : gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; Nrud; ,Uk;nghiwiar; rpwg;gpf;Fk; vl;lhk; gj;jpd; Mrphpah;@ FWe;njhifapy; xU ghl;Lk;. GwehD}w;wpy; VO ghly;fSk; ghbath;. td;guzh; : Xhpapd; ez;gh;. ew;wpizapy; xU ghl;Lk;> GwehD}w;wpy; MW ghl;Lk; ghbath;. kw;Wk; jr;rh;> mikr;rh;> gilj;jiyth;>

tpwyp> ,irg; ghzh;fs;> tPuh;fs; xw;wd; Kjypath;fs;.

fhl;rp -1 cWg;gpdh;fs; : ngUQ;NruypUk;nghiw> muprpy;fpohh;> kiyakhd; jpUKbf; fhhp> jr;rh;> mikr;rh;> gilj;jiytd;> xw;wd;. ,lk; :NruehL> tQ;rp khefh;. fhl;rp mikg;G :Nrud; ngUQ;NruypUk;nghiw Nru ehl;nly;iyiag;

ngUf;fTk;> mjd; fhuzkhf tpw;nfhbiag; gifg; Gynkq;Fk; gl;nlhsp tPrpg; gwf;fr; nra;aTk; tpUk;gpdhd;. Mjypd;> typa te;j Nghh;fspYk;> jhdhfg; gilnaLj;J elj;jpa Nghh;fspYk; ntw;wp eq;ifiaj; jOtpg; Gyth;fs; ghLk; ngUk;GfOf;F Mshdhd;. nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; ntd;W jpUk;gpa ,Uk;nghiw> mtd; ehl;bYs;s mapiu kiyapy; cs;s Nruh; Fyj;jpw;Fk; Fbf;Fk; chpa nja;tkhfpa nfhw;iwitf;Fg; nghpa tpohnthd;W vLf;f Vw;ghL nra;jhd;. mt;tpohtpy; gif Nte;jh;fspd; ahidfisf; fjwf; fjw mWj;Jj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l ee;jj;jhy; nra;j fl;bypy; nfhw;witia itj;J topghL nra;a tpUk;gpdhd;. ,Uk;nghiwapd; ,t;ntz;zj;ij epiwNtw;w muz;kidia xl;b cs;s fiyf;$lk; xd;wpy; jr;rh;fs; ahidj;je;jj;jhy; fl;by; nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. ahidj;je;je;jq;fs; Ftpay; Ftpay;fshf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,Uk;nghiw fiyf;$lj;jpy; fl;by; nra;tijg; ghh;itapl;Lf; nfhz;L tUfpwhd;. gilj;jiyth;fs; ,Uk;nghiwapd; gpd; tUfpd;wdh;.

ngUQ;NruypUk;

61

nghiw :(jiyikj; jr;riug; ghh;;j;J) nfhw;wit vOe;jUSk; nja;tf;fl;by; cUthf vj;jid ehshFk;?

j.jr;rh; :(tzq;fp) xU jpdq;fSf;F; Kbj;JtpLfpd;Nwhk;. ,Uk; :ey;yJ. mLj;j KOkjp ehshd;W nfhw;witf;F tpohntLf;f

epidj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. mjw;Fs; cUthf;fptpLq;fs;. j.jr;rh; :(gzpe;J) mg;gbNa> murh; tpUg;gg;gb epiwNtw;wp

tpLfpd;Nwhk;. (ngUQ;NruypUk; nghiw ele;J nfhz;L> Ftpay; Ftpayhff; nfhl;bf; fplf;Fk; je;jq;fisr; Rl;bf; fhl;bf; nfhz;L ciuahLfpwhd;)

,Uk; :gilj;jiytNu! ,e;jj; je;jf; Ftpay; ve;jg; Nghhpy; ngw;wJ? gilj;jiytd; :Mah; jiytdhk; fOTfisf; nfhy;ypf; $w;wj;jpy; ntw;wp

fz;lNghJ> mtdJ gl;lj;J ahidiaf; nfhd;W ngw;w je;jq;fs;!

,Uk; :fOTs; ngUk; FWk;Gf;fhud;> fhjpy; GFe;j vWk;GNghy;

fLe;njhy;iy je;j nfhz;bUe;jhd;. filrpapy; fhybapy; tPo;e;J caph;g;gpr;ir ngw;whd;. Nghfl;Lk;! thol;Lk;. (kw;nwhU Ftpaiyf;fhl;b) ,e;jf; Ftpay; vq;F ngw;wJ?

gilj; :nfhq;Fehl;L Ntspiuf; nfhd;wnghOJ ngw;wJ? ,Uk; :(rphpj;Jf; nfhz;L) ek; gilfis vjph;j;J epw;f Mw;whJ

Fjpfhy; gplhpapy; gl ‘Fa;Nah’ ‘KiwNah’ vd;W xba nfhq;FNtshplk; ngw;witfsh! rhp> ,e;jf; Ftpay;?

gilj; :Nrhohplk; ngw;witfs; ,Uk; :eifj;J) Gypf;nfhbNahd; gl;lj;J ahidfsh? INah>

vt;tsT ,uq;fj;jf;fd! ey;y ngz;zpd; ehzj;ijg; Nghy ntl;fg;gl;Lf; fplf;fpd;wd! (Gyth; mhprpy;fpohh; tUfpwhh;)

mhprpy;fpohh; :mjpnyd;d Iak;! ,Uk;nghiwia vjph;j;jhy; vQ;RtJ

vYk;Gfs;jhNk! ,JjhNd ele;j tuyhW. ,Uk; :X! Gyth; mhprpy;fpohuh! thUq;fs;! ghUq;fs; gifth;fspd; vYk;Gfis! mhprpy;fpohh; :Nte;Nj! cd; tPuj;ij mwpahjth;fs;> mwpahik gilj;j

tu;fNs jtpu> cd;NdhL nghUJk; Mw;wy; gilj;jth;fsy;yh;. cd; tPuk; ehd; mwpahjjh> my;yJ ehL mwpahjjh? cd;dhy cUthf;fg;gLk; ,e;jj; je;jf; fl;bypy; nfhw;wit mkUk; nghOJ$l cd; tPuj;ijf; fz;L rpwpJ mQ;Rths;.

62

,Uk; :,e;epyj;jpy; vdf;F ,dp xU giftUk; ,y;iy. vj;jpf;Fk; vd;dhl;rp! vq;Fk; tpw;nfhb!

mikr; :(FWf;fpl;L) ,y;iy! ek; ehl;NlhL Nruhky; nfhy;ypkiy

xd;W jdpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. Xhp vd;w ngaUila xU rpWNtsph; kd;dh; mjid Mz;Lnfhz;bUf;fpd;whh;.

,Uk; :Ntsph; Fykh? Nghhpl vdf;F ntl;fkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ntw;wpAk;

tPuKk; vjph;g;gth;fisg; nghWj;Jj;jhd; fzf;fplg;gLk;. mikr; :Ntsph; vd;W Nghh; nra;a ntWj;jhYk;> mtuJ

nfhy;ypkiyf;fhfg; Nghh; njhLf;fyhk;. ek; neoa giftuha; ,Ue;JtUk; mjpakhDf;F ,e;j Ntsph; Xhp KJnfYk;ghfTk; ,Ue;J tUfpwhh;.

,Uk; :(myl;rpakhf) Nr! mjpad; fplf;fl;Lk;> mikr;rNu! kiyiag;

gw;wpr; nrhd;dPh;fNs@ ehk; Nghhpl;Lg; ngwj;jf;f mg;gbnad;d rpwg;G tha;e;jJ me;jf; nfhy;ypkiy?

mikr; :nfhy;ypkiyf;F <lhf vz;zj;jf;f kiy ve;ehl;bYk;

,y;iy. ,aw;if tsk; nfhopf;Fk; me;j vopy; kiyapy; nja;tq;fshy; cz;lhf;fg;gl;l xU ghit cz;nld;Wk;> me;jg; ghitiaf; nfhy;ypg;ghit vd;Wk; miof;fpd;whh;fs;.

,Uk; :(tpae;J) vd;d? nfhy;ypkiyapy; nja;tq;fshy;

cz;lhf;fg;gl;l xU ghit cs;sjh? mjw;Fg; ngah; nfhy;ypg; ghitah? Gyth; ngUkhNd! mikr;rh; $WtJ cz;ikjhdh? cz;iknad;why; nfhQ;rk; tpsf;fkhff; $Wq;fs;.

mhprpy; :Mk;.Nte;Nj! mikr;rh; nkhope;jJ cz;ikjhd;. ts;sy;

Xhpf;F cilikahfTk; Gyth;fSf;Fj; jz;zsp jUk; epoyhfTk; ,Ue;J tUk; nfhy;ypkiy> tsikf;F Xh; vLj;Jf;fhl;L! nfhy;ypkiy> thd; ngha;g;gpDk; jhd; ngha;ah tskiy! mk;kiyapy; Kf;fdp cz;L! Kj;Jg; Nghd;w mhprp cz;L! NjDz;L! ePUz;L! epoYz;L! ,y;iy vdf;$w Kbahj vJTk; mq;Nf cz;L.

,Uk; :NghJk;> Ghpe;Jnfhz;Nld; kiy vd; kdj;ijj; njhLfpwJ.

,dp kiyapy; cs;s ghitiaf; gw;wpf; $Wq;fs;. mhprpy; :Nte;Nj! nfhy;ypg;ghit rpwg;Gkpf;f tuyhw;wpidg; ngw;w xU

ghit. me;jg; ghit nfhy;ypkiyapd; Nkw;Fg; gFjpapy; cs;s mUtpf;fiu Xukhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Guhz fhy tuyhWk; nfhy;ypg;ghitf;F cz;L. KdptUk; mkuUk; tsq;nfhopf;Fk; me;j kiyiaj; jk; thoplkhff; nfhs;s tpioe;jdh;. mt;tpUg;gg;gbNa nfhy;yp kiyiaj; jk; thoplkhfTk; Mf;fpf; nfhz;ldh;. Mdhy;> mth;fspd;> ,d;g tho;tpw;F mRuUk; ,uhf;fjUk; jPq;fpioj;jdh;. mkuUf;Fk; KdptUf;Fk;

63

Vw;gl;l ,e;j ,lhpidf; fisaj; nja;tj;jr;rd; Xh; mofpa ghitiaf; nfhy;ypkiyapy; cUthf;fpdhd;.

,Uk; :mg;gbah? mhprpy; :mg;gb cUthf;fg;gl;lme;j mofpa nfhy;ypg;ghit mRuh;

thil gl;lTld; eiff;Fk;> fz;lth; cs;sk;> tpop fth;e;J> ngUq;fhk Nehiaf; nfhLj;J> mth;fis kaf;fpf; nfhy;Yk;> ,g;gbg;gl;l nfhy;ypg;ghitapd; Gd;rphpg;ghy; vy;yh muf;fUk; mope;jdh;. ,e;jf; nfhy;ypg;ghitiaj; nja;tq;fs; fhj;J tUfpd;wd vd;w ek;gpf;ifAk; cz;L. NkYk; nfhy;ypg;ghit> vd;Wk; mopahj rpwg;gpidAilaJ vd;Wk; $Wthh;fs;. fhw;W miyj;jhYk; kio fiuj;jhYk;> Nghpb jhf;fpdhYk;> nfLjy; #o;e;jhYk;> ngUepyk; tpOe;jhYk; mopitNa milahj vopw; ghitahFk; nfhy;ypg;ghit.

,Uk; :Nfl;f tpag;ghf ,Uf;fpwNj! mhprpy; :muNr! ,e;j vopy; epiwe;j nfhy;ypg;ghitia ek; jkpo;g;

Gyth;fs;> tdg;Gkpf;f jiytpapd; moFf;F xg;gpl;Lf; $wp kfpo;e;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;.

ghl;Lf;nfhU guzh; jk; mfg;ghly;fspy; Fwpg;gpLk;nghOJ> NjDil neLtiu nja;tk; vOjpa tpidkhz; ghit md;Ndhs; gak;nfO gytpd; nfhy;ypf; Fltiug; g+jk; Gzh;j;j GjpJ,ay; ghit tphpfjph; ,sntapy; Njhd;wp md;d ty;tpy; Xhp nfhy;ypf; Fltiug; ghitapd; klte; jdNs fUq;fl; nja;tk; Fltiu vOjpa ey;,ay; ghit md;d vd;W ghLfpwhh;. Nte;Nj! mUe;jkpo;g; Gyth;fs; ,g;gbnay;yhk;

nfhy;ypg;ghitapd; moifj; jiytpapd; moNfhL xg;gpl;Lf; $wp kfpo;e;jpUf;fpd;whu;fs;. nfhy;ypg;ghitiaf; fhzf; fz;fs; nfhLj;J itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,Uk; :(ngU%r;R tpl;L) nfhy;ypg;ghitAk; tsk; nfhopf;Fk;

nfhy;ypkiyAk; ,Jtiu vdf;fy;yth chpikAiladthf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;?

(NfhtpY}h; kd;dd; jpUKbf;fhhp te;J nfhz;L)

64

fhhp :mjpnyd;d Iak;? Murh; fl;lisapbd; mLj;j tpdhb me;jf; nfhy;ypkiyiag; ngah;j;Jf; nfhz;L te;J jq;fs; fhybapy; itf;fpNwd;.

,Uk; :X! tPud; kiyakhd; jpUKbf;fhhpah! ey;y Neuj;jpy; te;jha;.

vd; ntw;wpapy; mbehs; Kjy; gq;F nfhz;l tdy;yth! mikr; :muNr! Xhpapd;kPJ gilnaLf;f ,J ey;y jUzk;. Nghh;>

gif> mr;rk; - ,itfisnay;yhk; Xhp kwe;J> fiyQh;fisAk; Gyth;fisAk; mioj;Jf; fiyahh;tj;jpy; kaq;fpf; fplg;gjhff; nfhy;ypkiyapy; ,Ue;J te;j xw;wd; $wpdhd;.

mhprpy; :(tUj;jKld); Nte;Nj! kPz;Lk; Nghuh? Nghh;

njhlq;Ftjw;fhfth ehd; nfhy;ypg;ghitapd; tuyhw;iwg; Guhz fhyj;jpypUe;J ,d;iwa Gyth;fs; Nghw;WtJtiu $wpNdd;. ,J vd;d nfhLik! Nghh; vz;zj;ij clNd Nghf;Fq;fs;.

,Uk; :GytNu vq;fs; ciuahlypd; ,yf;fzg; gpio ,Ug;gpd;

Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. Ngrpait Gyth;fSf;Fj; njhlh;gpy;yhj murpay; rpf;fy;!

mhprpy; :(jpifj;J) Nte;Nj! ,Uk; :fhhp! vy;yh vy;iyAk; njhy;iyapy;yhJ ,Uf;ff;

nfhy;ypkiy kl;Lk; xU Ks;Nghy ,Ug;ghNdd;? vd;W gilnaLf;fyhk; (Fiothf) cd; cjtpia tof;fk;Nghy; Ntz;LfpNwd;.

fhhp :(rphpj;Jf;nfhz;L) muNr! vg;nghOJ gilnaLj;Jr;

nry;fpd;wha; vd;W NfSq;fs;. Xhpf;F ,e;jf; fhhp NghJk;. cq;fNshL Nghhpl Xhpf;Fj; jFjp ,y;iy. kiyahy; Gfo; kzf;f thOk; Xhpiaf; nfhd;W> nfhy;yp kiyiaj; jq;fl;F chpikahf;FfpNwd;.

,Uk; :ed;wp> fhhp! cd; tPuKk;> cjTk; cs;sKk; tho;f! tsh;f!

vg;nghOJ gilnaLj;Jr; nry;fpd;wha;? fhhp :mLj;j cth ehSf;Fs;! ,Uk; :ey;y ehs;. mikr;rNu! Nghhpy; tof;fk;Nghy; fhhpf;Fr; nra;Ak;

cjtpfis ePq;fs; ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. (jr;rh;fisg; ghh;j;J)

iftpidj; jr;rh;fNs! Xhpapd; gl;lj;J ahid te;j gpwFjhd;

nfhw;witf;Fs; fl;by; nra;a Ntz;Lk; Xhpapd; gl;lj;J ahidapd; tpyh vYk;Gfisf; nfhw;witapd; fl;bYf;F ,Uf;;ifahfg; Nghl Ntz;Lk;. Xhpapd; gl;lj;J ahidapd;

65

vYk;Gfs; tUk;tiu fl;by; nra;tij epWj;jp itAq;fs; nghOJgl;L tpl;lJ. vy;yhUk; ,Ug;gplk; nry;yyhk;.

(midtUk; fiyfpd;wdh;)

fhl;rp – 2 cWg;gpdh;fs; :Xhp> td;guzh;> xw;wd;> mikr;rh;> tpwyp> ,irg;ghzh;fs;> ,lk; :nfhy;ypkiyf; fhl;bd; mbthuk; fhl;rp mikg;G :gs;sj;ij Nehf;fp Xbr; nry;Yk; nts;sk;Nghy; nfhy;ypkiyj;

jiytdhd Mjd; Xhpiaf; fhzg; Gyth; td;guzh; jiyikapy; ngUk; fiyQh; FO vz;zpwe;j ,d;dpaq;fSld;> kiy> kL> fhL> NkL fle;J te;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. nfhy;ypkiyapd; mbthuj;ij xl;bAs;s fhL nfhba tpyq;Ffs; epiwe;jjhFk;. Mjypd;> td;guzUk;> fiyQh;fSk; xyp mlf;fp> nky;nyd mbnaLj;J itj;J tUfpd;whh;fs;. mg;gb tUfpd;w nghOJ> Kd; ele;Jte;j td;guzhpd; fhypy;> clk;gpy; mk;G xd;W ijj;jpUf;Fk; capu; Jwe;j cLk;G xd;W jl;Lg;gLfpwJ. td;guzh; mk;NghL tPo;e;J fplf;Fk; cLk;gpidg; ghh;f;fpd;whh;.

td;guzh; :mk;ghy; clk;G tPo;j;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ! xU guzh; :(eifj;J) jiyth! ahid Ntl;il> Gyp Ntl;il vd;W

Nfs;tpg;gl;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. ty;tpy; Xhpapd; fhl;by; cLk;G Ntl;ilAk; cz;L vd;w tpe;ijia ,g;nghOJjhd; ghh;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

tpwyp :cLk;G xd;wpid tPo;j;Jtjw;fhf tPud; mk;G xd;iwj;

njhLj;J tPzhf;fpapUf;fpd;whNd! xU ghzd; :,Njh…. xU gd;wpAk; Ntl;ilahlg; gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. kw;nwhU ghzd; :Mkhk;> gd;wp ,we;J fplf;fpd;wJ. tpwyp :gd;wpiaf;$l Ntl;ilahLk; tPud; cs;s kiyah ,J? xU ghzd; :(njhiytpy; tPo;e;J fplf;Fk; xU khidg; ghh;j;J) mNjh….

khd; xd;W mk;G Jisf;fg;gl;L ,we;J fplf;fpd;wJ. tpwyp :Mkhk;. fiykhd; xd;W ,we;J fplf;fpd;wJ. Ntl;ilapy;

vjidf; nfhy;tJ vd;w ,yf;fzkwpahj Ntl;Ltd; ,e;j kiyapy; tho;fpd;whd; NghYk;!

xU ghzd; :(mQ;rp) mNjh xU nghpa Gyp> tha; gpse;J ,we;J

fplf;fpwJ!

66

,d;ndhU ghzd; :(eLq;fp) mNjh ntF njhiytpy; Ntok; xd;W tPo;e;J

fplf;fpd;wJ. tpwyp :vd;d ,J! tpe;ijahd Ntl;ilahf ,Uf;fpwJ. xNu ,lj;jpy;

ahid Ntl;il! Gyp Ntl;il! khd; Ntl;il! khd; Ntl;il! gd;wp Ntl;il! clk;G Ntl;il!

(td;guzh; vy;yhtw;iwAk; cw;W Nehf;Ffpd;whh;) td;guzh; :ftpQd; fw;gidapy; fhzKbahj ,e;j Ntl;ilia Mba

Ntl;Ltd; ahnud;W vdf;Fj; njhpe;Jtpl;lJ@ tpaf;fj;jf;f ,e;j Ntl;ilia Mbatd; Ntl;ilahLjiyj; jd; njhopyhff; nfhz;ltd; my;yd;: mtd; xU ngUQ;nry;td;@ mtd; ahh; vd;W ghl;L xd;W ghlg;NghfpNwd;. fiyQh;fNs! vy;NyhUk; mUfpy; thUq;fs; ,d;dpaq;fis vLj;J thUq;fs;. ehd; ghlg;NghFk; ghlYf;Fj; jf ,d;dpaq;fis ,irAq;fs;.

(vy;NyhUk; jpiff;fpd;whh;fs;) Vd; fiyQh;fNs rpe;jpf;fpd;wPh;fs;? vy;NyhUk;

mtuth;fSf;Fhpa ,d;dpaq;fis vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ekJ gpwg;Gzh;j;Jk; fhpa jiyikf; Nfhiy vd;dplk; jhUq;fs;. (fhpaNfhiy thq;fpf;nfhs;fpd;whh;) fiythzh;fNs! ehd; xU tz;zk; ghLfpd;Nwd;. ePq;fSk; Kotpd;fz;Nz khh;r;ridia ,Lq;fs;. ehd; ghLk; ghliy ahopy; epWj;Jq;fs;! fz; jpwf;fg;gl;;l J}k;ghfpa fspw;wpdJ if NghYk; tbTila ngUtq;fpaj;ij ,irAq;fs;. fy;ypia thrpAq;fs;! rpWgiwia miwAq;fs;! gjiyapy; xU Kfj;ij nky;nydf; nfhl;Lq;fs;!

(vy;yhf; fiyQh;fSk; td;guzh; $wpaJ NghyNt

,d;dpaq;fis ,af;Ffpd;whh;fs;. td;guzUk; typT> nkypT> rkk; vd;Dk; %d;W jhdj;jpYk; xt;nthUd;wpy;> VO jhdk; Kbj;Jg;ghLk; ghly; Jiwia mf;nfhLq;fhL kaq;fg; ghLfpd;whh;)

Ntok; tPo;j;j tpOj;njhilg; gfop Ngo;tha; cOitiag; ngUk;gpwpJ cwP,g; Goy;jiyg; Gfh;f;fiy cUl;b> cuy;jiyf; Nfow; gd;wp tPo> mayJ Moy; Gw;wj;J cLk;gpy; nrw;Wk; ty;tpy; Ntl;lk; tyk;gLj;J ,Ue;Njhd; Gfo;rhy; rpwg;gpd; mk;Gkpfj; jpisf;Fk; nfhiytd; ahh;nfhNyh? nfhiytd; kw;W,td;

tpiytd; Nghyhd;@ ntWf;if ed;F cilad;@ Muk; mUtpg; gakiyf; fpotd; Xhp nfhy;Nyh? my;yd; nfhy;Nyh?

67

(td;guzh;> ‘Xhp nfhy;Nyh? my;yd; nfhy;Nyh? vd;W ,d;dpirf; Fuy; vOg;GtJ ehnlq;Fk; vjpnuhypf;fpd;wJ. fLk; tpiuTila ghpapy; nfhy;ypkiyj; jiytd; ty;tpy; Xhp te;J ,wq;Ffpwhd;.)

Xhp :Gyth; ngUe;jifaPh;! Ntl;ilahbf; nfhz;bUe;j vd;id

cq;fs; ,irj;jkpo; ,q;Nf ,Oj;J te;Jtpl;lJ eykh? td; :nfhy;ypkiyj; jiyth! tho;f eP! cd; Gfopidg; ghLtjw;F

Kd;> cd; ngahpidr; nrhd;dTld; XNlhb te;Jtpl;lha;. cd;id vz;zpNdhk;. clNd vOe;jUspAs;sha;. cdJ xg;gw;w Fzj;jpw;F vd;d ctik nrhy;tJ vd;W Gytdhfpa ehd; Ghpahky; tpopf;fpd;Nwd;.

Xhp :Gfo;r;rpf;F ed;wpAilNad;. vy;NyhUk; kpff; fisg;gha;f;

fhzg;gLfpd;wPh;fs;. ehd; jq;fpAs;s $lhuj;jpw;F midtUk; nry;Nthkh?

td; :mg;gbNa nra;Nthk;. ‘tpy;yhsp’ vdg; Gfopidg; ngw;w tPuNd!

,t;tplj;jpy; tPo;e;J fplf;Fk; Ntoj;ijAk; Ntq;ifiaAk; fiyapidAk; NfoiyAk; cLk;gpidAk; xUNr tPo;j;jpaJ ty;tpy; Xhpapd; mk;GjhNd?

Xhp Mkhk;> mitfs; vd;Dila mk;Gf;F ,iuahditfs;. td; :mwpNtd;! mwpNtd;! mwpe;JjhNd> Ntl;ilahbaJ nfhiytd;

my;yd;> ,g;ngUNtl;il ahbaJ Xhp vd;W ghbNdd;. ,e;epyj;jpy; ty;tpy; Xhpapd; mk;Gf;Fj;jhd;> xNu Neuj;jpy; ahidiaj; Jisj;J> me;j ahidiaf; nfhy;yf; fhyk; Nehf;fp thiag; gpse;jpUe;j Gypapd; thiaj; Jotp> topapy; epd;w fiykhid CLUtp> mjw;F mz;ikapypUe;j fhl;Lg;gd;wpapia tPo;j;jp> mjd; maypypUe;j Gw;wpy; fple;j cLk;gpd; clypy; itj;J epw;Fk; Mw;wy; cz;L. ,j;jifa Nguhw;wy; gilj;jjdhy;jhd; ‘Mjd; Xhp’ vd;w cdJ ngah; kiwa> cd;idg; gifth;fs; ‘ty;tpy; Xhp’ vd;W miof;fyhdhh;fs;! tho;f cd; tpy;yhw;wy;!

Xhp : mwpQhpd; ghuhl;Lf;Fj; jiytzq;FfpNwd;. GytUk; mth;jk;

FOtpdUk; vd; tpUe;jhspahf mth;fs; tpUk;Gfpd;wtiu ,Ue;J nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

td; :grpNahL gwe;J te;Js;s gwitfSf;Ff; fdp fpilj;jJ

vd;why; frf;Fkh? Ntl;ilahl te;j ,lj;jpYk; vq;fSf;F tpUe;J! ts;sNy> gz;NghL mioj;j eP jq;fpAs;s ,lj;jpw;F midtUk; md;NghL tUfpd;Nwhk;.

(ty;tpy; Xhp topfhl;bf; fiyQh;fisf; $lhuj;Jf;F

mioj;Jr; nry;fpd;whd;.)

68

fhl;rp – 3

cWg;gpdh;fs; :ty;tpy; Xhp> td;guzh;> fiyQh; FO> xw;wd;. ,lk; :Xhpapd; $lhuk; fhl;rp mikg;G :fiyQh; FOtpw;F ty;tpy; Xhp> ngUtpUe;J elj;Jfpd;whd;.

Gyth; td;guzUf;Fk; Vida fiyQh;fSf;Fk; Xhp gy;Rit czT tiffisj; njtpl;Lkstpw;F mspf;fpd;whd;. td;guzUk; fiyQh;fSk; Xhpapd; tpUe;Njhk;gypy; ,Ue;J vg;gbf; fiu miltJ vd;W mwpahJ jpiff;fpd;wdh;. td;guzhpd; mUfpy; cs;s ty;tpy; Xhp mkUfpd;whd;. xU ngUe;jl;by; cs;s ,iwr;rpia vLj;Jr; rpy Jz;lq;fis td;guzUf;F itf;fpwhd;.

Xhp :GytNu ,e;j ,iwr;rpiar; rpwpJ Ritj;Jg; ghUq;fs; td;guzh; :(Ritj;Jg; ghh;j;J) mllh! vd;d Rit! vd;d nkd;ik

gQ;irtpl nkd;ikahf my;yth ,Uf;fpwJ. Xhp :Gyth; nrhy;tJ cz;ikjhd;. cq;fs; ghly;fspy;

ngz;Zf;F ctikahfr; nrhy;yg;gLtjy;yth? td; :khdh? Xhp :Mkhk;. fhdfj;jpy; ePq;fs; ‘Goy;jiyg; Gfh;f;fiy cUl;b’

vd;W ghbdPh;fsy;yth! mNj khd;jhd;! ghl;by; fz;l khd; gf;Ftg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ! GytNu! ,d;ndhU Jz;lk; rhg;gplq;fs;.

(xJ Jz;lk; itf;fpd;whd;) td; :ts;sNy! vt;tsT nghpa nfhba fhl;by; fLikahf

Ntl;ilahb> topg;Nghf;fh; Nghy; te;j vq;fSf;F> eP Ntl;ilahba khidAk; czthfg; ghpkhWfpd;wha;. ‘gFj;Jz;L gy;Yaph; Xk;gpAk;’> ,e;jpuh; mkpo;jNk fpilj;jhYk; jhd; kl;Lk; mUe;j epidf;fhky; gpwiuAk; miof;Fk; cd;idg; Nghy xU rpyh; ,Ug;gjhy;jhd; ,e;epyTyfk; epiyj;J epw;fpd;wJ. cd; Gfo; Nkd;NkYk; Xq;f> thahu tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;.

Xhp :cq;fs; jkpo; neQ;rk; tho;f! GytNu> ,jid mUe;Jq;fs;>

(fyj;jpy; Cw;Wfpd;whd;). td; :X! Xhp Cw;Wk; Nthpy;yth! md;Ng Fbnfhz;l kdj;jha;>

ms;spf;nfhLj;j ifahy; Cw;Wk; ,jd; Ritf;Fk; mkpo;jKk; <lhfhJ.

69

(td;guzUf;Fk;> Vida fiyQh;fSf;Fk; Xhp> Nthp Cw;Wfpd;whd;. midtUk; mUe;Jfpd;wdh;. rpwpJ Neuk; nrd;wgpd;)

td; :grpj;J te;j vq;fSf;Fj; jhapDk; rhyg; ghpe;J Gue;J}l;ba>

fhtyh! ehq;fs; Gwg;glg; Nghfpd;Nwhk;. vq;fSf;F tpilju Ntz;Lfpd;Nwhk;.

Xhp :Gyth; ngUe;jifaPh;! GytUk; kw;wtUk; ,q;F tpUk;Gfpd;w

tiu tpUe;jhspahf ,Ue;J nry;yyhk;. td; :ed;wpAilNahk;. Xhpapd; kiy> vd;Wk; vq;fs; nrhe;j kiy@

,d;ndhU Kiw fl;lhak; tUfpd;Nwd;. vd; kdk; njtpl;Lfpd;wtiu cdJ tpUe;jhspahf mLj;j Kiw jq;fpapUg;Ngd;. ,g;nghOJ tpilngw;Wr; nry;fpd;Nwd;.

Xhp :ehd; jUk; rpwpa nghUisahtJ jl;lhJ vLj;Jf; nry;y

Ntz;Lfpd;Nwd;. (Xhp $lhuj;Jf;F ntspNa te;J) Xhp! Xhp! td; :(tpae;J) vd;d ,J tpe;ijahf ,Uf;fpwJ! nfhy;ypkiyapy;

,uz;L Xhpfs; cz;Nlh! Xhp ahiu Xhp vd;W miog;gJ? Xhp :Mk;> GytNu! ,d;ndhU Xhp cz;L. me;j ,d;ndhU

Xhpiaj;jhd; miof;fpd;Nwd;. (Xhp> kPz;Lk; Xhp vd;W miof;fpd;whd;. vy;NyhUk;

tpaf;fpd;wdh;. Nka;e;J nfhz;bUe;j Xhpapd; Fjpiu ele;J te;J Xhpapd; mUfpy; epw;fpd;wJ.)

Xhp :GytNu! vd;Dila ghpf;Fk; vd; ngah;jhd;. ePq;fs; fhz

tpUk;gpa kw;nwhU Xhp ,Jjhd;. td; :nefpo;e;J) Xhp> cd;idf; fhz cyfpy; cs;Nshh; Xhp vd;W

Xb tUfpd;wdh;. Xhp vd;W eP mioj;jhy; ahuhtJ Xbtu Ntz;Lk; vd;W cd; Fjpiuf;Fk; cd; ngah; #l;bdha; NghYk;!

Xhp :(Gd;KWty; G+f;fpwhd;. Fjpiuapy; njhq;Fk; xU %l;ilapid

vLj;J te;J) GytNu! fiyQh;fNs! Ntl;ilahl te;j ehd; ,e;j kiyf;F vd;id ek;gp ahuhtJ te;jhy;> vd;id topapy; fz;L Vkhe;J jpUk;gptplf;$lhJ vd;W epidj;J Kd;Ndw;ghlhf nfhy;yp kiyapy; tpise;j nghd;Dk; kzpAk; nfhz;Lte;Js;Nsd;. ,r;rpW nghUs;fis Vw;Wf;nfhz;L vd;idg; ngUikg;gLj;j Ntz;LfpNwd;.

70

td; :Xhp> cd;id vg;gbg; Gfo;tJ? cd;id epidj;J twpNahh; $l;lk; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dhy; eP mth;fis epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wha;. ,t;Tyfk; tPo;e;;jhYk; mope;jhYk; eP mopakhl;lha;. cd; Gfo; mopf;f KbahjJ!

(Xhp midtUf;Fk; nghd;Dk; kzpAk; mspf;fpd;whd;. rpwpJ

J}uk; te;J td;guziuAk; fiyQh;fisAk; topaDg;gp itf;fpd;whd;. mf;fiyQh; $l;lKk; gphpah tpilngw;Wr; nry;fpd;wJ. rpwpJ Neuj;jpy; J}Rfisf; fpsg;gpf; nfhz;L tUk; xU Fjpiu> Xhpapd; mUfpy; te;J epw;fpwJ. te;jtd; FjpiuapypUe;J ,wq;fp Xhpia tzq;fp epw;fpd;whd;)

Fjpiuapy; te;jtd; :jiyth! tzq;FfpNwd;. Xhp :(cw;Wg;ghh;j;J) X! NruehL nrd;w xw;wdh? vd;d> VjhtJ

rpwg;Gr; nra;jp cz;lh? Xw;wd; :cz;L> jiyth! Nruehl;by; ehd; jr;Rj;njhopy; njhpe;jtd;

vd;W muz;kidj; jr;rh;fNshL Nrh;e;J muz;kidj; njhlh; nfhz;L te;Njd;. nfhw;wit tpohTf;Fj; je;jf; fl;by; nra;Ak; nghOJ jq;fs; gl;lj;J ahidapd; vYk;Gk; tuNtz;Lk; vd;W Nrukd;dh; nja;tf;fl;by; nra;tij epWj;jp itj;Js;shh;. nfhy;ypg; ghitapd; tuyhWk; nfhy;ypkiyapd; tsKk; Nfl;l Nrukd;dh;> nfhy;ypkiy jkf;F cupikahf Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; tpUk;gpdhh;. Ks;Sh; kd;dh; jpUKbf;fhup> nfhy;ypkiyia cupikahf;fpf; nfhLf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W #Siuj;Js;shh;. ve;Neuj;jpYk; kiyakhDila gilfs; ek; kiyia Kw;Wifaplyhk;. jiytupd; epidTf;F ,itfisf; nfhz;Lte;J mbgzpfpd;Nwd;.

Xhp :xw;wNd! cd; gzpia kpf mofhfr; nra;Js;sha;. KdptUk;

mkuUk; Mirg;gl;L tho;e;j nfhy;yp kiyay;yth? Nru kd;dd; tpUk;gpajpy; tpag;gpy;iy. Mdhy;> Xhp capUld; ,Uf;Fk; tiu nfhy;yp kiyia tpUk;GtJ jtW vd;W Nru kd;dDk;> fhhpAk; epidf;ftpy;iy. me;j cz;ikia xU nehbg; nghOjpy; czh;j;jpf; fhl;LNthk;. Ntl;ilahl te;j midtUk; kiy cr;rpf;Fj; jpUk;gyhk;. Kiy MsNtz;Lk; vd;W epidg;gtu;fspd; vz;zj;ij kz;zhf;f Ntz;ba Vw;ghl;ilr; nra;Nthk;.

(Ntl;ilahl te;jth;fs; kiyAr;rpf;Fj; jpUk;Gfpd;wdh;)

fhl;rp -4 cWg;gpdh; :Xhp> tPuh;fs;> Xhpapd; kidtp khhp. ,lk; :nfhy;ypkiy

71

fhl;rp mikg;G :Ks;Sh; kd;dd; jpUKbf;fhhp nfhy;yp kiykPJ gilnaLf;ff; fhj;jpUf;fpd;whd; vd;w nra;jp Nfl;l ty;tpy; Xhp> fhhp nfhy;ypkiyia Kw;WifapLtjw;F Kd;ghff; fhhp thoplkhd Ks;Siu Kw;Wifaplj; jpl;lkpl;Lg; gil tPuh;fis Ks;Sh; Nehf;fp mzptFf;fr; nra;fpwhd;. tPuh;fspd; kidtpkhh;fs; Nghhpy; ntw;wp ngw;W tuj; jk; fzth;fis tho;j;Jfpwhh;fs;. ty;tpy;Xhp mk;Gf;Ftpay; mlq;fpa mk;gwhj;J}zpiaAk;> typa tpy;ypidAk; Njhspy; Rke;J tUfpwhd;. kidtp khhp thapypy; te;J topaDg;Gfpd;whd;. khhp Xhpapd; fOj;jpy; tQ;rpg; g+itr; #l;Lfpd;whs;. Xhpapd; mk;gwhj;J}zpapypUe;J xU mk;gpid vLj;Jj; jdJ fl;iltpuiyf; fPwp> topAk; FUjpapid Xhpapd; new;wpapYk; fOj;jpYk; ,l;L mk;gpYk; jlTfpd;whs;.

Xhp :tQ;rp #ba tQ;rpNa! kwf;Fy kq;ifNa! cd; tpuypypUe;J

topAk; FUjp epw;gjw;Fs; eP #l;ba cd; tQ;rp khiy thif khiyahf kzf;f te;J NrUfpd;Nwd;. nfhy;ypg;ghitNa fz;L ehzj;jf;f cd; vopy;> vdf;Fg; Nghhpy; tpiue;j ntw;wpapidj; Njbj;jUk;. vopw;nry;tp> vd;id ntw;wpr; nry;tp miof;fpd;whs;. tpil jh!

(khhpapd; new;wpapy; Kj;jkpl;L> ntspapy; mzptFj;J epw;Fk; tPuh;fis Nehf;fp)

tPuj;jpd; jpUTUtq;fNs! ntw;wpNa fz;ltu;fNs! grpj;Njhh;

Kfk; ghh;j;jpUg;gJ Nghy> Nghh; xd;W te;J Gfo; fpilf;fhjh vd;W Vq;fpa vd; mUik tPuh;fNs! cq;fs; thSf;Fk; mk;Gf;Fk; <l;\bf;Fk; NtYf;Fk; cs;s Ntl;ifiaj; jPh;g;gjw;fhfNt Ks;Sh; kd;dd; fhhpAk; mtd; tPuh;fSk; jk; clk;gpy; FUjpapidg; ngUf;fp itj;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;. mk;gwhj;Jzpapy; cs;s vd; mk;Gfs; Jbf;Fk; xyp vdf;Ff; Nfl;fpwJ. ,dpf; fhhp ehL Nehf;fp ek; gilfs; Gwg;glyhk;. (kiyiar; Rw;wp Nehf;fp) nfhy;ypj;jhNa! mk;kh> cd; tPu ike;jDf;Fk; tPuh;fSf;Fk; tpil jh!

(nfhy;ypj;jha; tho;f! nfhy;ypj;jha; tho;f! vd;W tPuf;

FunyOg;gpf; nfhz;L tPuh;fs; Ks;Sh; Nehf;fp mzptFj;Jr; nry;fpd;wdh;)

fhl;rp – 5

cWg;gpdh; :Xhp> fhhp> ,Uk;nghiw> Fjpiuapy; tUk; xU tPud; ,lk; :Nghh;f;fsk; fhl;rp mikg;G :Ks;Sh; kd;dd; kiyakhd; jpUKbf;fhhp> jhd; nfhy;yp

kiyf;Fg; gilnaLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F Kd;> ty;tpy; Xhpapd; gilnaLg;igf; fz;L fyq;fpg; Nghfpd;whd;. Nghh; Maj;jq;fs; rhptur; nra;ag;glhikahy;> Nghhpy; fhhpapd; tPuh;fs; fzf;fw;Nwhh; Fog;gkile;J ,wg;gpid va;jpdu;. fjputidf;

72

fz;l fhhpUs; Nghy> Xhpapd; mk;Gf;F Mw;wkhl;lhJ fhhpapd; gilapdh; Xhp> fhhpapd; tPuh;fs; xsptplk; fz;lhy; kfpo;r;rp milAk; msTf;Fg; ngUntw;wpapidj; jOtp Kd;Ndwpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whd;. fhhp> jhd; ,Jtiu ngw;wpUe;j ntw;wpf;Fk;> GfOf;Fk; Xhp Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itj;JtpLthd; vd;W njhpe;J> Nkw;nfhz;L Nghh; epfo;j;j Ntz;ba Kiwia Mo;e;J rpe;jpj;Jr; #o;r;rp nra;ayhdhd;. kWehs; Nghhpy; fhhpAk; XhpAk; Nenujph; epd;W nghUfpd;w nghOJ> Xhpf;Fhpa khiy mzpe;j xU tPud;> Xupapd;> giltPuhpd; cilazpe;J> Fjpiuapy; tpiue;J te;J> Xhpapd; mUfpy; ep;w;fpd;whd;.

te;j tPud; :(Xhpiag; ghh;j;J) jiyth! nfhy;ypkiyapy; ,Ue;J

tUfpd;Nwd;. gifth;fs; nfhy;yp kiyapy; GFe;J> nfhy;ypg;ghitia nehWf;fp vwpe;Jtpl;lhh;fs;. kiyiar; #iwahbtpl;lhh;fs;.

Xhp :(jpifj;J) nfhy;ypg;ghit nehWf;fg;gl;ljh? Nfhy;ypkiy

#iwahlg;gl;ljh? te;jtPud; :Mkhk;! nfhy;ypg;ghit nehWf;fg;gl;L kiy #iwahlg;gl;lJ. (nfhy;ypg;ghit nehWf;fg;gl;L kiy #iwahlg;gl;lJ

vd;wTld; Xhp fyq;fp epw;fpd;whd;. mtdJ ifapypUe;j ‘ty;tpy;’ eOtp tpOfpd;wJ. ty;tpy; ,oe;J Xhp jdpadha; epw;gijg; ghh;j;j fhhp> ePz;l Ntypid vLj;J> Xhpapd; tapw;wpy; gha;r;rp> Xhpiaf; fPNo tPo;j;Jfpd;whd;)

fhhp :Ngnuhyp nra;J) Xhp! Nghh;f;fsj;jpy; typa tpy;ypid kl;Lk;

ek;gp ntw;wp ngw KbahJ. #o;r;rp nra;af;$ba typa %isAk; Ntz;Lk;. ,dpNky;jhd; cd; nfhy;ypg;ghit nehWf;fg;glg; Nghfpd;wJ kiy #iwahlg;glg; Nghfpd;wJ.

(#o;r;rpahy; nfhy;yg;gl;l Xhpapd; caph;> ‘nfhy;ypg;ghit’>

‘nfhy;ypj;jha;’ vd;W $wpa tz;zk; gphpfpd;wJ. fhhp> nfhy;yp kiyf;Fr; nry;yf;Fjpiu Vwpg; Nghfpd;whd;. ngUQ;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiw Njhpy; te;J ,wq;Ffpd;whd;)

,Uk;nghiw :Xhpiaf; nfhd;w fhhp’ vd;W tuyhw;wpy; ngah; ngw;w fhhp!

cd; tPujjpw;Fk; #o;r;rpf;Fk; vd; neQ;rk; epiwe;j ghuhl;Ljy;fs;. eP gilnaLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F Kd;ghf Xhp gilnaLj;J te;Jtpl;lhd; vd;W nra;jpapid xw;wd; %yk; mwpe;Njd;. cdf;F cjtyhk; vd;W gilAld; Gwg;gl;L te;Njd;. Nghhpy; ehd; cjt eP ntw;wp ngw;wha; vd;w rpwg;gpid vdf;Fj; juhky; Gfoile;Js;sha;. ,e;j ‘kiy ntw;wpf;F’ cdf;F vt;tsT ghpR nfhLj;jhYk; <lhfhJ. ,Jtiu cdf;Ff; nfhLj;jij tpl eP kiyf;Fk; gb ghpR nfhLf;fg; NghfpNwd;. tho;f cd; tPuk;! nfhy;ypkiyia Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gLNthkh?

73

fhhp :mg;gbNa> kd;dh! (vy;yhg; gilapdUk; nfhy;ypkiyia Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gfpd;wdh;)

fhl;rp -6 cWg;gpdh;fs; :ngUQ;NruypUk;nghiw> fhhp> gil tPuh;fs;> td;guzh; ,lk; :nfhy;ypkiy fhl;rp mikg;G :nfhy;ypg;ghit ,Uf;Fkplj;ij Nehf;fp vy;NyhUk; tpiue;J

nry;fpd;wdh;. fhhpapDila tPud; xUtd; vjpNu Xb tUfpd;whd;.

Xbte;j tPud; :muNr! nfhy;ypg;ghit fPNo tpOe;J fplf;fpd;wJ. (midtUk; jpiff;fpd;wdh;) ,Uk; :vd;d? nfhy;ypg;ghit fPNo tpOe;J fplf;fpd;wjh? ekf;F

Kd;Nd ahh; nfhy;ypg;ghitiaf; ngah;j;jJ? fhhp :tpe;ijahf ,Uf;fpwNj! cz;ikjhdh? Xhpaplk; nrhd;dJ

cz;ikapNyNa ele;jpUf;fpwJ. thUq;fs;> tpiue;J fhz;Nghk;.

(midtUk; nfhy;ypg;ghit tPo;e;J fplf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;Fr;

nry;fpd;wdh;) (nfhy;ypkiyapy; Nky; jpirapy;> mUtpf;fiu xuj;jpy; tPo;e;J

fplf;fpwJ vopy; ghit> fhhpAk; ,Uk;nghiwAk; mjidg; ghh;j;J kaq;Ffpd;wdh;)

fhhp :cz;ikjhd;. nfhy;ypg;ghit tPo;e;J fplf;fpwJ. ,t;tsT

moFkpf;f ghit xd;W cyfpy; cz;lh? mllh! vd;d vopy;! ,Uk; :vj;jid moF! vj;jid moF! tPzd; tPo;j;jptpl;lhNd! fhhp :kd;dh!,e;j ghitia kPz;Lk; J}f;fp ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy;

epWj;jpdhy;? ,Uk; :,e;jg;ghit Xhpapd; caph;kl;Lkd;W@ ,e;j kiyf;Nf

khz;gpidj; jUtjhFk;. Mjyhy;> eP nrhd;dgb nra;Nthk;. (fhhpAk;> ,Uk;nghiwAk; tPo;e;J fplf;Fk; ghitiaj; J}f;fr;

nry;fpd;wdh;. Gyth; td;guzh; tUfpd;whh;) td;guzh; :(te;Jnfhz;Nl) ahUk; me;jg; ghitiaj; njhlhjPh;> njhl

chpikapy;iy. ,UtUk; :(jpUk;gp) ahh; mg;gbr; nrhy;tJ vq;fs; kiyapy;?

74

td; :ehd;jhd;> Gytd; td;guzd; ,UtUk; :X! Gytuh! td; :tPo;e;J fplf;Fk; ghitia ahUk; neUq;ff; $lhJ! ,Uk; :nfhy;ypkiy ,g;nghOJ vd; kiy! nfhy;ypg;ghit vdf;Fr;

nrhe;jk;. td; :tPo;e;J fplg;gJ nfhy;ypg;ghitay;y@ tPud; Xhpapd; kidtp

khhp (midtUk; tpaf;fpd;wdh;) ,Uk; :tPo;e;J fplg;gJ nfhy;ypg;ghit ,y;iyah? Xhpapd; kidtp

khhpah? ,Uk; :gpd;> vq;Nf nfhy;ypg;ghit? td; :,Njh> Xhpapd; kidtpiar; Rw;wpr; rpW rpW Jz;lq;fshfr;

rpjwpf; fplf;fpd;wdNt> mitjhk; nfhy;ypg;ghit (jpiff;fpd;wdh;) ,Uk; :cile;J fplf;Fk; ,e;jr; rpjwy;fs; nfhy;ypg;ghitah? Ahh;

cilj;jJ. td; :tPo;e;J fplf;Fk; ghit cilj;Jtpl;lhs;. ,Uk; :(JZf;Fw;W) Vd;? td; :vdf;Fj; njhpahJ. ,we;Jtpl;lhs;! ,y;iy nad;why;

vOg;gpf; fhuzk; Nfl;fyhk;. fhhp :ghitiag; ghit mopf;ff; fhuzk;? td; :Xb kbe;j gpwF nfhy;ypg;ghit ,e;j kiyapy; ,y;yhJ

,Ug;gJjhd; moF vd;W mopj;jpUf;fyhk;. fsj;jpw;F tuhky; ,e;jf; fhhpif cq;fSf;Fj; Njhy;tpapidj; je;Jtpl;lhs;.

fhhp :Nr> ntw;wp ngw;Wk; Njhy;tp! ,Uk; :fhhp! NghdJ Nghfl;Lk;> Xhpapd; gl;lj;J ahidapd;

vYk;GfshtJ tul;Lk;@ epWj;jp itj;jpUf;Fk; nfhw;wit topghl;ilahtJ nra;Nthk;.

xU tPud; :kiyapy; Xh; ahid$l kUe;Jf;Fk; ghh;f;f Kbatpy;iy

75

,Uk; :fhhp! NghdJ Nghfl;Lk;. Xhpapd; gl;lj;J ahidapd; vYk;GfshtJ tul;Lk;! epWj;jp itj;jpUf;Fk; nfhw;wit topghl;ilahtJ nra;Nthk;.

xU tPud; :kiyapy; Xh; ahid$l kUe;Jf;Fk; ghh;f;f Kbatpy;iy ,Uk; :vYk;Ng fpilf;fhjh? td; :Nru kd;dh! ‘kio mzp Fd;wj;Jf; fpotd;> ehSk;> ,io mzp ahid ,ug;Nghh;f;F <Ak; - Mjd; Xhp vd;w rpwg;gpidg; ngw;wtd; Xhp. ts;sy; Xhp ,utyh;f;F <e;j

ahidfs; ,utyh; tPl;by; fl;lg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. nfhw;wit topghl;bw;F ahid Ntz;Lnkd;why; mq;Nf nrd;W ngwyhk;. ,ue;J nry;tJ kd;dUf;Fg; gpbf;ftpy;iy vd;why; ,d;ndhU topAk; $WfpNwd;. rpy ehl;fSf;F Kd; Xhpahy; Ntl;ilahlg;gl;l ahidnahd;W ,d;Dk; fhl;by; tPo;e;J ,we;J fplf;fpwJ. vd; gpd;dhy; te;jhy; fhl;LfpNwd;. nfhw;wit topghl;bw;F me;j ahidapd; vYk;gpid vLj;Jr; nry;yyhk;.

,Uk; :GytNu> NghJk; Xhp ,Ue;jNghJ Gfo;e;jij tpl Xhp

,y;yhjNghJ vq;fSld; eifahLtjd; %yk; NkYk; Xhpiag; Gfo;fpd;wPh;fs;. ntw;wp vd;W epidj;Njhk;. kaf;fk; njspe;jgpd; cz;ik epiy czUfpd;Nwhk;. (fhhpiag; ghu;j;J) fhhp! nfhy;ypg;ghitAk; XhpAk; ,y;yhj kiyapy; ,dp ,Ue;njd;d? gil jpUk;gyhk;.

(,Utu; gilfSk; kiyiatpl;L ,wq;fp tUfpd;wd) td; :(nfhy;ypkiyiag; ghh;j;J ,uq;fp) Xhp! md;w eP Ntl;ilahba

nghOJ re;jpj;j ehd; $lhuj;jpypUe;J cd;dplk; tpilngWk; nghOJ vd; kdk; njtpl;Lfpd;w tiu cd; tpUe;jhspahf ,Uf;f ,d;DnkhU Kiw fl;lhak; tUfpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpNdd;. mjw;Fs; cd; tuyhW Kbe;Jtpl;lJ. Xhp! cd; <ifAk; tPuKk; gz;Gk; md;Gk; tuyhw;wpy; vd;WNk mopahjd. mopf;fTk; Kbahjd cd;id ,oe;J ifk;ikngz; Nghd;W fhl;rp mspf;Fk; nfhy;ypkiyapy; ehd; jdpadha; epd;W jtpf;fpNwd;.

(kiyiaf; fUNkfq;fs; #o;fpd;wd)

76

77

rpWfij

ehw;fhyp - fp. uh[ehuhazd;

fp.uh vd;W RUf;fkhf miof;fg;gLk; fp.uh[ehuhazd; (gpwg;G 1922)

fhpry; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; je;ij vd;WfUjg;gLgth;. Nfhtpy;gl;bapd; mUfpy;

cs;s ,ilnrty; fpuhkj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;. 1958y; ru];tjp ,jopy; ,tuJ

Kjy; fij ntspahdJ. ,tupd; Kjy; fij ntspahdJ. ,thpd;

fijAyfk; fhpry; tl;lhuj;J kf;fspd; ek;gpf;iffisAk;> Vkhw;wq;fisAk;

tho;f;ifg;ghLfisAk; tpthpg;git.

fhpry; tl;lhu mfuhjp vd;W kf;fs; jkpOf;F mfuhjp cUthf;fpa

Kd;Ndhb ,tNu. rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ> ,yf;fpa rpe;jid tpUJ> jkpof

murpd; tpUJ> fdlh jkpo; ,yf;fpaj; Njhl;lj;jpd; 2016-k; Mz;Lf;fhd

jkpo; ,yf;fpar; rhjid tpUJ cs;spl;l jkpopd; Kf;fpa ,yf;fpa

tpUJfs; ngw;w> njhz;Z}W tajhd fp.uh. jw;NghJ GJr;Nrhpapy; tho;e;J

tUfpwhh;.

ehw;fhyp

ehw;fhyp ,y;yhjJk; xU tPlh?

vq;fs; tPl;by; ,g;gbj; jpBnud;W vy;Nyhh;f;Fk; Njhd;wptpl;lJ.

mt;tsTjhd;@ FLk;g ‘mn[z;lh’tpy; itf;fg;gl;L ,e;j tp\aj;jpy;

tpthjk; njhlq;fpaJ.

Kjy;ehs; vq;f tPl;Lf;F xU FLk;g ez;gh; tp[ak; nra;jhh;. mth;

xU rg;[l;[;. te;jth; ek;ikg;Nghy; Ntl;b rl;il Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L

tug;glhlNjh> #l;Lk; g+l;Lkhf te;J Nrh;e;jhh;. vq;fs; tPl;by; Kf;fhypjhd;

cz;L. mjd; cauNk Kf;fhy; mbjhd;. vq;fs; ghl;b japh;filAk; NghJ>

mjpNy jhd; cl;fhh;e;J nfhs;ths;. mtSf;Fg; ghhpahd clk;G> vq;fs;

jhj;jh jr;rdplk; nrhy;yp mijf; nfhQ;rk; mfykhfNt nra;ar;

nrhy;ypapUe;jhh;.

myF – 4

78

rg;[l;[; nfh;Q;rk; ghhpahd clk;Gjhd;. NtW Mrdq;fs; vq;fs;

tPl;by; ,y;yhjjhy; mijj;jhd; mtUf;Ff; nfhz;Lte;J Nghl;Nlhk;. mth;

mjd; tpspk;gpy; xU ifia Cd;wpf; nfhz;L cl;fhug; Nghdhh;. ,e;j

Kf;fhypapy; xU rdpad; vd;dntd;why; mjd;fhy;fSf;F Neuhf ,y;yhky;

gf;fj;jpy; ghuk; mKq;fpdhy; thhpj; jl;btpLk;. ehq;fs; vj;jidNahjuk;

cwpapy; itj;jpUf;Fk; nea;iaj; jpUl;Lj;jdkhf vLj;Jj; jpd;gjw;F

Kf;fhyp Nghl;L VWk; NghJ m[hf;fpuijapdhy; gyjuk; fPNo

tpOe;jpUf;fpNwhk;. ghtk; ,e;j rg;[l;[_k; ,g;nghOJ fPNo tpog;NghfpwhNu

vd;W epidj;J mtiu vr;rupf;if nra;a ehq;fs; thiaj; jpwg;gjw;Fk;

mtu; njhGfBh; vd;W fPNo tpOe;J cUStjw;Fk; rhpahf ,Ue;jJ. ehd;@

vd;jk;gp> filf;Fl;bj; jq;if vq;fs; %tUf;Fk; rphpg;Gj; jhq;f Kbahky;

Gof;filj; Njhl;lj;ijg; ghh;f;f XbNdhk;. (rphpg;G) mjpy; mkUk;

Nghnjy;yhk; vd; jq;if me;j rg;[l;[; khjphpNa ifia Cd;wpf; fPNo

cUz;L tpOe;J fhz;gpg;ghs;. gpd;Dk; nfhQ;rk; vq;fs; rphpg;G ePSk;.

vq;fs; rphpg;Gf;nfy;yhk; ,d;ndhU Kf;fpa fhuzk; mth; fPNo

tpOk;NghJ ghh;j;jJk; vq;fs; ngw;Nwhh;fs;> jhq;fs; tpUe;jhspf;F Kd;dhs;

rphpj;Jtplf;$lhNj vd;W te;j rphpg;ig mlf;fpf; nfhz;lij

epidj;Jj;jhd;!

Mf> ehq;fs; vy;yhh;f;Fk; Nrh;j;Jr; rphpj;Jtpl;L tPl;Lf;Fs; g+id

Nghy mb vLj;J itj;J Eioe;J ghh;j;j NghJ me;jg; ghhpahd

clk;Gs;s tpUe;jhspiaf; fhztpy;iy. me;j Kf;fhypiaAk; fhztpy;iy.

‘mij mth; ifNahL nfhz;L NghapUg;ghNuh? vd;W vd; jq;if vd;dplk;

Nfl;lhs;!

,e;j epfo;r;rpf;Fg; gpd;dNu> vq;fs; tPl;by; vg;gbahtJ xU ehw;fhyp

nra;JtpLtJ vd;w KbT vLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j ehw;fhyp nra;tjpy; xU

eilKiw f\;lk; vd;dntd;why;> Kjypy; ghh;itf;F vq;fs; Chpy; xU

ehw;fhyp $lf; fpilahJ. mNjhL ehw;fhyp nra;aj; njhpe;j jr;rDk;

fpilahJ.

efuj;jpy; nra;J tpw;Fk; ehw;fhypia thq;fpf;nfhz;L te;Jtpl;lhy;

Nghr;R vq;fs; ngj;jz;zh xU Nahridia Kd;itj;jhh;. mJ cWjpahf

,uhJ vd;W epuhfupj;J tpl;lhh; vq;fs; mg;gh.

79

gf;fj;jpy; xU Chpy; nfl;bf;fhuj; jr;rd; xUtd; ,Ug;gjhfTk; mtd;

nra;ahj ehw;fhypfNs fpilahJ vd;Wk;. fth;dNu te;j mtd; nra;j

ehw;fhypfisg; ghh;j;J nkr;rp ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;Wk; vq;fs; mj;ij nrd;dhh;.

mj;ij nrhd;djpYs;s ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpaj;ij Nfl;lJk; mk;kh

mtis> ‘Mk;! ,t nuhk;gf; fz;lh’ vd;fpw khjphpg; ghh;j;J Kfj;ijj;

jpUg;gpf;nfhz;lhs;!

mg;gh Ntiyahisf; $g;gpl;L> me;jj; jr;rDila CUf;F mtid

mDg;gptpl;L vq;fNshL te;J cl;fhh;e;jhh;. ,g;NghJ> ehw;fhypia ve;j

kuj;jpy; nra;ayhk; vd;gJ gw;wp tpthjk; ele;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.

Njf;F kuj;jpy;jhd; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mJjhd; J}f;f itf;f

NyrhfTk;> mNj rkaj;jpy; cWjpahfTk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;why; ghl;b

jd;Dila ePl;ba fhy;fisj; jltpf; nfhz;Nl (ghl;bf;Fj; jd;Dila

fhy;fspd; kPJ kpFe;j gphpak;@ rjh mitfisj; jltptpl;Lf; nfhz;Nl

,Ug;ghs;)

,e;jr; rkaj;jpy; vq;fs; jha;khkdhh; vq;fs; tPl;Lf;Fs; te;jhh;.

vq;fs; ngj;jz;zhTk; Xbg;Ngha; me;j Kf;fhypiaj; J}f;fpf; nfhz;L

te;jhd;. rpwpJ Neuk; tPNl nfhy;nyd;W rphpj;J Xa;e;jJ.

khkhdhh; vq;fs; tPl;Lf;F te;jhy; mtUf;nfd;W cl;fhUtjw;F

mtNu xu ,lj;ij Njh;e;njLj;J itj;jpUf;fpwhh;. jiy NghdhYk;> me;j

,lj;jpy; jhd; mtu; cl;fhUthh;. gl;lf rhiyapd; njw;F Xuj;jpy; cs;s

Rtiu xl;bAs;s J}zpy; rha;e;Jjhd; cl;fhUthu;> cl;fhh;e;jJk; Kjy;

fhhpakhfj; jd; FLkpia mtpo;j;J xU juk; jl;bj; jiyiar; nrhwpe;J

nfhLj;Jj; jpUk;gTk; FLkpia ,Wf;fpf; fl;bf;nfhz;LtpLthh;. ,J mtu;

jtwhky; nra;fpw fhhpak;. ,g;gb nra;Jtpl;L mtu; jd;idnahl;bAs;s

jiuiar; Rw;wpYk; ghh;g;ghh;. ‘jiyapypUe;J Jl;Lk; xd;Wk; fPNo

tpOe;jjhfj; njhpatpy;iy’ vd;W mz;zh mtiug;ghh;j;J vf;fz;lkhfr;

nrhy;ypr; rphpg;ghd;.

mth; vq;fs; tPl;Lf;F tUk;Nghnjy;yhk; ,g;gbf; fhfpj

ghzq;fspdhy; Jizj;njLf;fg;gLthh;! rk;ke;jf;fhuh;fs; ePq;fs;ghh;j;J

vd;idf; Nfyp nra;ahtpl;lhy; NtW ahh; nra;thh;fs; vd;fpw khjphpNa

80

thNa jpwf;fhky; fy;Yg;gps;isahh; khjphp mtu; ghl;Lf;F cl;fhh;e;J

Gd;difNahL ,Ug;ghh;. vq;fSila Vlhrpg; Ngr;Rf;fspd; fhuk; mjpfkhFk;

NghJ kl;lk; mk;kh vq;fisg; ghh;j;J xU ngha; mjl;Lg; NghLths;. me;j

mjl;bd; thf;fpaj;jpd; fNlrp thh;j;ij ‘fOijfsh….’ vd;W KbAk;.

khkdhh; te;J cl;fhh;e;jJk; mk;kh vOe;jpUe;J mLg;gbf;F

mtrukha;g; Nghdhs;. mtisj; njhlh;e;J Ml;Lf;Fl;biag; Nghy; mg;ghTk;

gpd;dhy; Nghdhh;. nfhQ;r Neuj;Jf;nfy;yhk; Mshb topahf mk;kh ifapy;

nts;spj; jk;shpy; fhakpl;l Nkhiu vLj;Jf;nfhz;L ele;Jtu> mk;khTf;Fg;

gpd;dhy; mg;gh> mtSf;Fj; njhpahky; vq;fSf;F kl;Lk; njhpAk;gb

typg;Gf;fhl;bf;nfhz;Nl mts; ele;J tUfpw khjphpNa ntWq;ifia jk;sh;

Ve;Jfpw khjphp gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L te;jhh;! mth; mg;gb ele;J te;jJ> ‘mt

mz;zh te;jpUf;fhdhk;@ nuhk;g mf;fiwaha; Nkhh; nfhz;L

Ngha;f;nfhLf;fpwij ghU’ vd;W nrhy;YfpwJ khjphp ,Uf;Fk;.

NkhUk; ngUq;fhaj;jpd; kzKk;> ehq;fSk; ,g;nghONj Nkhh;

rhg;gplZk; Nghy; ,Ue;jJ.

khkdhh; ngUk;ghYk; vq;fs; tPl;Lf;F tUfpwJ Nkhh; rhg;gplj;jhd;

vd;W epidg;Nghk;. me;jg; gRkhl;bd; Nkhh; mt;tsT jpt;tpakha; ,Uf;Fk;.

mNjhL vq;fs; khkdhh; vq;fs; ChpNyNa ngupa fQ;rhk;gj;jp. mjhtJ

<ahj Nyhgp vd;W epidg;G vq;fSf;F.

,e;jg; gRit mth; jd;Dila jq;iff;fhf fz;zhtuk; Ngha;jhNd

Neuhf thq;fpf; nfhz;L te;jhh;. ,e;jf; fhuhk; gRtpd; fd;Df;Fl;bapd;

Nghpy; vd; jk;gpf;Fk; Fl;bj; jq;iff;Fk; jzpahj Mir> tPl;il tpl;Lg;

NghFk;NghJk; tPl;Lf;Fs; tUk;NghJk; khkdhh; gRit xU Rw;Wr; Rw;wp

te;J mijj; jltpf; nfhLj;J (jd; fz;Nz vq;Nf gl;LtpLNkh vd;w gak;)

,uz;L thh;j;ij rpf;fdkha;g; Gfo;e;Jtpl;Lj;jhd; Nghthh;. ‘ghy; tw;wpaJk;

gRit mth; jd;Dila tPl;Lf;Ff; nfhz;L Ngha; tpLthh;. fd;Df;Fl;bAk;

gRNthL Ngha;tpLk;’ vd;W nghpa gak; vd; rpwpa cld;gpwg;GfSf;F>

gpd;dhy; Vw;glg; Nghfpw ,e;jg; gphpT mth;fSf;Ff; fd;Df;Fl;bapd;

Nkd; NkYk; gphPjpiaAk; khkdhhpd; Nghpy; mjpfkhd frg;igAk; cz;L

81

gz;zptpl;lJ. mth; Urpj;J Nkhiur; rhg;gpLk; NghJ ,e;jr; rpd;dQ;

rpWRfs; jq;fSila ghh;itahNyNa mtiuf; Fj;Jthh;fs;. fps;Sthh;fs;!

ehw;fhyp tpthjj;jpy; khkdhUk; mf;fiw fhl;bdhh;. jdf;Fk; xU

ehw;fhyp nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;W gpupak; ,Ug;gjhfj; njhptpj;jhh;. vq;fSf;Fk;

xU Jiz fpilj;jJ khjpup Mapw;W.

Ntg;g kuj;jpy; nra;tJ ey;yJ vd;Wk; mjpy; cl;fhh;e;jhy;

clk;Gf;F Fsph;r;rp vd;Wk;> %y tpahjp fpl;lehlhJ vd;Wk; khkdhh;

nrhd;dhh;.

Ntg;g kuj;ijg; gw;wpg; gpu];jhgpj;jJk; mg;gh khkdhiu

Mr;rupaj;NjhL $ba jpUl;L Kopahy; ftdpj;jhu;. vq;fs; ke;ijg;

GQ;irapy; ePz;lehs; ituk; gha;e;j xU Ntg;g kuj;ij ntl;b Mwg;Nghl

Ntz;Lnkd;W Ke;jhehs;jhd; vq;fs; gz;izf;fhudplk; mg;gh nrhy;ypf;

nfhz;bUe;jhu;. ngj;jz;zh nrhd;dhd;. ‘g+turq;fl;ilapy; nra;jhy; nuhk;g

ed;whf ,Uf;Fk;. mJ fz; ,Wf;fKs;skuk; Ez;zkhfTk; gsgsg;ghfTk;

,Uf;Fk;@ cWjpAq;$l vd;whd;’.

mf;fh nrhd;dhs;> ,Jfnsy;yhk; ntsph; epwj;jpy; cs;sitfs;>

ghh;f;fNt rfpf;fhJ> nfhQ;rehs; Nghdhy; ,Jfs; Nky; ekf;F xU

ntWg;Ng cz;lhfptpLk;. ehd; nrhy;YfpNwd;. nrq;fUk;G epwj;jpNyh my;yJ

vs;Sg; gpz;zhf;F khjpup fWg;G epwj;jpNyh ,Uf;fpw kuj;jpy;jhd; nra;tJ

ey;yJ@ mg;Gwk; cq;fsp\;lk;’ vd;whs;. gspr;nrd;W vq;fs; fz;fSf;F

Kd;dhy; fz;zhbNghy; kpd;Dk; gsgsg;ghd fUg;G epwj;jpy;>

filj;njLj;j Kd;dj;jq;fhy;fSld; rha;Tf;F Vw;w tise;j> Nrhk;gy;

Kwpg;gJ NghYs;s gpd;dj;jq;fhy;fSlDk; xU Rfhrk; Njhd;wp kiwe;jJ.

vy;yhh;f;FNk mts; nrhd;dJ rhp vd;W gl;lJ. Mf vq;fSf;F

xd;Wk; vq;fs; khkdhh; tPl;Lf;F xd;Wkhf ,uz;L ehw;fhypfs; nra;a

clNd Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ.

,uz;L ehw;fhypfSk; vq;fs; tPl;by; te;J ,wq;fpa NghJ mjpy;

ve;j ehw;fhypia itj;Jf; nfhz;L ve;j ehw;fhypia khkdhh; tPl;Lf;F

nfhLj;jDg;GtJ vd;W vq;fSf;Fj; njhpatpy;iy. xd;iwg; ghh;j;jhy;

kw;wijg; ghh;f;fNtz;lhk;@ mg;gb ‘uhkh;> nyr;Rkzh;’ khjphp ,Ue;jJ.

82

xd;iw itj;Jf; nfhz;L khkdhh; tPl;Lf;F xd;iwf; nfhLj;jDg;gpNdhk;.

nfhLj;jDg;gpaJ jhd; ey;y ehw;fhypNah vd;W xU re;Njfk;!

xt;nthUj;juha; cl;fhh;e;J ghh;j;Njhk;. vOe;jpUf;f kdNr ,y;iy.

mLj;jth;fSk; cl;fhh;e;J ghh;f;f Ntz;LNk vd;gjw;fhf vOe;jpUf;f

Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ngj;jz;zh cl;fhh;e;J ghh;j;jhd; ‘M`h’ vd;W urpj;Jr;

nrhd;dhd;. ,uz;L iffshy; ehw;fhypapd; iffisj; Nja;j;jhd;. rg;gzk;

Nghl;L cl;fhh;e;J ghh;j;jhd;. ,Jf;F xU ciw itj;Jg;Nghl;Ltpl NtZk;

,y;iynad;why; mOf;fhfp tpLk; vd;W mj;ij nrhd;dhs;.

Fl;bj; jq;iff;Fk; jk;gpg; gaYf;Fk; mbf;fb rz;il tUk;. eP

mg;Nghg; gpbr;rp cf;fhe;Jfpl;Nl ,Uf;fNa> vOe;jpUlh> ehd; cl;fhuZk;

,g;Ngh vd;W mtidg; ghh;j;Jf; fj;Jths;. INah> ,g;gj;jhd;

cl;fhh;e;Njd;> ghuk;kh ,tis vd;W nrhy;Ythd; mo Muk;gpf;Fk;NghJ

Kfj;ijg; Nghy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L.

jP khjphp gutptpl;lJ CUf;Fs; vq;fs; tPl;bw;F ehw;fhyp te;j

tp\ak;. Foe;ijfSk; ngupatu;fSk; ngUq;nfhz;l $l;lk; te;J ghh;j;J

tpl;L Nghdhh;fs;. rpyh; jltpg; ghh;j;jhh;fs;. xU fpotdhh; te;J

ehw;fhypiaj; J}f;fpg; ghh;j;jhh;. ‘ey;y fdk;’ cWjpahfr; nra;jpUf;fpwhd;

vd;W jr;ridg; ghuhl;bdhh;.

nfhQ;r ehs; Mapw;W

xU ehs; uhj;jpup ,Uf;Fk; ahNuh fjitj; jl;bdhh;fs;. cs;

jpz;izapy; gLj;jpUe;j ngj;jz;zh Ngha; fjitj; jpwe;jhd;. CUf;Fs;

ahNuh xU Kf;fpakhd gpuKfh; ,g;nghOJjhd; ,we;JNgha;tpl;lhnud;Wk;

ehw;fhyp Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; Nfl;L vLj;Jf; nfhz;L Nghdhh;fs;.

,we;J Nghd Mrhkp vq;fSf;Fk; Ntz;batu; Mdjhy; ehq;fs;

ahtUk; FLk;gj;NjhL Ngha;j; Jl;bapy; fye;J nfhz;Nlhk;. Jl;b tPl;by;

Ngha;g;ghh;j;jhy; vq;fs; tPl;L ehw;fhypapy; ehd; ,we;J Nghd me;jg;

gpuKfiu cl;fhh;j;jp itj;jpUe;jhh;fs;.

,jw;FKd; vq;fs; Cupy; ,we;J Nghdth;fisj; jiuapy; jhd;

cl;fhu;j;jp itg;ghh;fs;. cuiyg; gLf;f itj;J mJ cUz;Ltplhky;

mz;il nfhLj;J> xU Nfhzpr; rhf;fpy; tuF itf;Nfhiyj; jpzpj;J

83

mijg; ghl;L trj;jpy; cuypd; Nky; rhj;jp me;jr; rha;khdj; jpz;Ltpy;

,we;J Nghdtiu> rha;j;J cl;fhh;e;jpUg;gJ Nghy; itg;ghh;fs;.

,e;j ehw;fhypapy; cl;fhu itf;Fk; GJ Nkh];jiu vq;fs;

Cu;f;fhuh;fs; ve;j Cupy; Ngha; ghh;j;Jtpl;L te;jhh;fNsh> vq;fs; tPl;L

ehw;fhypf;Fg; gpbj;jJ tpid. (jiu bf;fl;bypUe;J ehw;fhypf;F te;J

tpl;lhh;fs;)

me;j tPl;L ‘tpNr\k;’ Kbe;J ehw;fhypia vq;fs; tPl;L Kd;

njhOtpy; nfhz;L te;J Nghl;Ltpl;Lg; Nghdhh;fs;. me;j ehw;fhypiag;

ghh;f;fNt vq;fs; tPl;Lf; Foe;ijfs; gag;gl;ld. Ntiyf;fhuidf; $g;gpl;L

mij fpzw;wbf;Ff; nfhz;L Ngha; itf;Nfhyhy; Nja;j;Jj; Nja;j;Jg;

ngupa thspf;F xU gjpide;J thsp jz;zPu;tpl;Lf; fOtpj; jpUk;gTk;

nfhz;L te;J Kd; njhOtj;jpy; Nghl;Nlhk;. gyehs; MfpAk; mjpy;

cl;fhu xUtUf;Fk; ijhpak; ,y;iy. mij vg;gbj; jpUk;gTk;

gof;fj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;LtUtJ vd;Wk; njupatpy;iy.

xU ehs; ey;y Ntisahf vq;fs; tPl;Lf;F xU tpUe;jhsp te;jhh;.

me;j ehw;fhypia vLj;Jf; nfhz;L te;J mtUf;Fg; Nghlr; nrhd;Ndhk;.

mtNuh guthapy;iy ehd; Rk;kh ,g;gb cl;fhh;e;J nfhs;fpNwd; vd;W

[kf;fhsj;ijg; ghh;j;Jg;Nghdhh;. vq;fSf;F xNu gak;. mtu; vq;Nf fPNo

cl;fhh;e;J tpLthNuh vd;W FLk;gj;NjhL mtiu tw;GWj;jp ehw;fhypapy;

cl;fhu itj;Njhk;. mtu; cl;fhh;e;j clNd rpd;dj;jk;gpAk; Fl;bj;

jq;ifAk; Gof;filj; Njhl;lj;ijg; ghh;j;J Xbdhh;fs;. kj;jpapy; kj;jpapy;

te;J ehw;fhypapy;> cl;fhh;e;jtUf;F vd;d Mr;R vd;W vl;bAk; ghh;j;Jf;

nfhs;thh;fs;!

kWehs; vq;fs; tPl;Lf;F te;j xU cs;Sh; fpotdhh; jw;nrayhfNt

te;J ehw;fhypapy; cl;fhh;e;J vq;fSf;F NkYk; MWjy; je;jhh;.

(,g;nghONj mtu; me;j ehw;fhypapy; cl;fhh;e;J ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;fpwhh;!

vd;W ngj;jz;zh vd; fhjpy; kl;Lk; gLk;gbahfr; nrhd;dhh;)

,g;gbahf> me;j ehw;fhypiag; ‘gof;fp’Ndhk; Kjypy; tPl;bYs;s

ngupath;fs; cl;fhh;e;Njhk;. Foe;ijfSf;F ,d;Dk; gak; njspatpy;iy.

84

‘nfhQ;rk; cl;fhNuz;lhl Kjypy;;’ vd;W nfhQ;Rths; Fl;bj; jq;if jk;gpg;

gaiyg; ghh;j;J. Vd; eP cl;fhUtJ jhNd? vd;ghd; mtd; ntLf;nfd;W.

vq;fs; tPl;Lf;F te;jpUe;j gf;fj;Jj;njU Rfe;jp jd;Dila xU

taJr; jk;gpg; ghg;ghitf; nfhz;L te;J cl;fhu itj;jhs; me;j

ehw;fhypapy;> mjpypUe;Jjhd; vq;fs; tPl;Lf;F Foe;ijfSk; gakpy;yhky;

cl;fhu Muk;gpj;jhh;fs;.

jpUk;gTk; xUehs; uhj;jpup ahNuh ,we;JNgha; tpl;lhu;fs; vd;W

ehw;fhypiaj; J}f;fpf; nfhz;L Ngha; tpl;lhh;fs;. ,g;gb mbf;fb ele;jJ.

ehw;fhypia tUj;jj;NjhL jhd; nfhLj;jDg;GNthk;. te;J Nfl;Fk;

,oT tPl;Lf;fhuh;fs; vq;fs; J}f;fj;ij NtW khjphp mu;j;jg;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;thh;fs;…. jq;fsth;fs; ,we;J Nghd nra;jpiaf; Nfl;Lj;jhd;

,th;fs; tUj;jk; milfpwhh;fs;. NghypUf;fpwJ vd;W epidj;Jf;

nfhs;thh;fs;.

J}f;fk; fiye;J vhpr;ry; Ntw nrj;Jj; njhiyfpwth;fs; Vd; jhd;

,g;gb mfhyj;jpy; rhfpwhh;fNsh njhpatpy;iy vd;W mf;fh xU ehs;

nrhd;dhs;.

‘ey;y ehw;fhyp nra;Njhklh ehk;;@ nrj;Jg;Nghd Ch;fhud;fs;

cl;fhUtjw;fhf> ir’ vd;W mYh;Jf; nfhz;lhd; mz;zd;.

‘ehw;fhyp nra;af; nfhLj;j Neug;gyd;’ vd;whs;mj;ij.

ngj;jz;zh xU ehs; xU Nahrid nra;jhd;. mij ehq;fs; ,Utu;

kl;bYk; jdpahf itj;Jf; nfhz;Nlhk;.

xU ehs; mk;kh vd;id VNjh fhhpakhf khkdhhpd; tPl;Lf;Fg; Ngha;

tUk;gb nrhd;dhs;.

ehd; mtUila tPl;Lf;Fs; Eioe;jNghJ khkdhh; ehw;fhypapy;

mkh;f;fskha; cl;fhh;e;J ntw;wpiy Nghl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jhh;. mth; ntw;wpiy

NghLtijg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gNj xU Rthu];akhd nghOJNghf;F>

jpdKk; Nja;j;Jj; Jilj;j jq;f epwj;jpy; gsgsntd;wpUf;Fk; rhz;

mfyKk;> KoePsk;> ehYtpuy; cauk; nfhz;l ntw;wpiyr; nry;yj;ij

NehFNkh NehfhNjh vd;W mt;tsT nky;yg; gf;Ftkhfj; jpwe;J g+i[g;

ngl;bapypUe;J rhkhd;fis vLj;J itf;fpw gjdj;jpy; xt;nthd;whf

85

vLj;J ntspapy; itg;ghh;. ntw;wpiyia ed;whfj; Jilg;ghNu jtpu

fhk;Gfisf; fps;Sk; tof;fk; mthplk; fpilahJ. (mt;tsT rpf;fdk;) rpy

rkak; nkhwry; ntw;wpiy mfg;gl;L tpl;lhy; kl;Lk; ,iyapy;

KJfpYs;s euk;Gfis chpg;ghh;. mg;nghOJ ekf;F> Kj;jg;gidg; gpbr;R

KJFj; Njhiy cwpr;rp gr;ir ntz;nziaj; jltp….’ vd;w

ntw;wpiyiag; gw;wpa mopg;ghq;fijg; ghly; Qhgfj;Jf;F tUk;.

fspg;ghf;if vLj;J Kjypy; Kfh;e;J ghh;g;ghh;. mg;gb Kfh;e;J

ghh;j;Jtpl;lhy; ‘nrhf;F’ Vw;glhjhk;. mLj;J me;jg; ghf;if CJthh;!

mjpYs;s fz;Zf;Fj; njhpahj ghf;Fg; GOf;fs; Nghf Ntz;lhkh>

mjw;fhf Muk;gj;jpy; nkJthf Muk;gpf;Fk; ,e;j Kfh;e;J ghj;jYk;

CjYk; tutu Ntfkhf xU ehiye;J jilt %f;Ff;Fk; tha;f;Fkhff;

if NkYk; fPOk; ‘ck; c\;> ck; c\;’ vd;w rj;jj;Jld; Rj;jkhf

lgf;nfd;W tha;f;Fs; nrd;WtpLk;!

xUth; cgNahfpf;Fk; mtUila Rz;zhk;G lg;gpia ghh;j;jhNy

mtUila Rj;jj;ijg; gw;wpj; njhpe;JtpLk;. khkdhh; ,jpnyy;yhk; kd;dd;.

tpuypy; kpQ;rpa Rz;zhk;igf; $l tPzhf kw;wg; nghUs;fspd; Nky; jlt

khl;lhh;. mtUila Rz;zhk;G lg;gpia vLj;Jf; fz;fspy; xw;wpf;

nfhs;syhk;. gjpide;J tUrj;Jf;F Kd; thq;fpa vtnub lhh;r; iyl;

,d;Dk; Gj;jk; GJrhf ,g;nghOJjhd; filapypUe;J thq;fpf; nfhz;L

te;jNjh vd;W epidf;Fk;gbahf cgNahfj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. mtuplk;

mNjhL Nrh;e;J thq;fpa vq;fs; tPl;L lhh;r; iyl; nrhl;L tpOe;J

nespryhfp kQ;rs; fyhpy; ghh;f;fg; ghpjhgkhf xU rhfg;NghFk; ePz;l ehs;

Nehahspiag; Nghy; fhl;rpspf;fpwJ.

ehw;fhypia mth; jtpu me;j tPl;by; ahUk; cgNahfpf;ff; $lhJ.

fhiyapy; vOe;jpUe;jJk; Kjy; fhhpakhf mijj; Jilj;J itg;ghh;. xU

,lj;jpypUe;J mij ,d;ndhU ,lj;Jf;Fj; jhNd nkJthf vLj;Jf;

nfhz;L Ngha;r; rj;jkpy;yhky; jz;zPh; epiwe;j kz; ghidia ,wf;fp

itg;gJ Nghy; mt;tsT nkJthf itg;ghh;.

khkdhh; vd;idf; fz;lJk; tuNtZk; khg;gps;isths; vd;W $wp

tuNtw;whh;. nfhQ;rk; ntw;wpiy Nghlyhkh? vd;W vd;idf; Nfl;Ltpl;Lg;

86

gjpYk; mtNu nrhd;dhh;. gbf;fpw gps;is ntw;wpiy Nghl;lhy; Nfhop

Kl;Lk;!

mk;kh nrhy;ypaDg;gpa jftiy mthplk; nrhy;yptpl;L tPL

jpUk;gpNdd;.

uhj;jphp mfhyj;jpy; fjT jl;Lk; rj;jk; Nfl;lJ tPl;by; vy;yhUk;

mah;e;J J}f;fk;. ehd; ngj;jz;zhit vOg;gpNdd;.

ehw;fhypf;fhf te;j xU ,oT tPl;Lf;fhuh;fs; ntspapy; epd;W

nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. ngj;jz;zh mth;fisj; njUg;gf;fk; mioj;Jf;

nfhz;L Nghdhd;. ehDk; NghNdd; te;j tp\aj;ij mth;fs; nrhy;yp

Kbj;jJk; ngj;jz;zh mth;fsplk; epjhdkhfg; gjpy; nrhd;dhd;.

‘ehw;fhypjhNd….? vq;fs; khkdhh; tPl;by; ,Uf;fpwJ. Ngha;f;

NfSq;fs; jUthh;. mth;fis mDg;gptpl;L tPl;Lf;Fs; te;J ,UtUk;

rj;jkpy;yhky; rphpj;Njhk;!

mg;gh J}f;fr; rilNthL gLf;ifapy; Guz;L nfhz;Nl ahh; te;jJ?

vd;W Nfl;lhh;.

Ntiynad;d…. gpizaYf;F khLfs; NtZkhk;’ vd;whd;

ngj;jz;zh.

Jg;gl;bia ,Oj;Jg; Nghh;j;jpf; nfhz;L kWGwk; jpUk;gpg; gLj;Jf;

nfhz;lhh; mg;gh.

,g;nghOJ khkdhh; fhl;by; nga;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ kio?

nuhk;gehs; fopj;J ehd; khkdhh; tPl;Lf;F xU ehs; Nghd NghJ mth;

jiuapy; cl;fhh;e;J ntw;wpiy Nghl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jhh;. tof;fkhd

rphpg;GlDk; Ngr;RlDk; vd;id tuNtw;whh;.

‘vd;d ,g;gbf; fPNo! ehw;fhyp vq;Nf?’ Rw;Wk; Kw;Wk; ftdpj;Njd;.

ntw;wpiyapd; KJfpy; Rz;zhk;igj; jltpf; nfhz;Nl vd;id Mo;e;J

ghh;j;Jg; Gd;dif nra;jhh;. gpd;G mikjpaha; ‘me;jf;fhhpaj;Jf;Nf me;j

ehw;fhypia itj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb ehd; nfhLj;Jtpl;Nld;. mJf;Fk; xd;W

Ntz;baJjhNd?’ vd;whh;.

87

vdf;F vd;d nrhy;tJ? njhpatpy;iy tPl;Lf;Fj; jpUk;gp tUk; NghJ

,e;jr; nra;jpiaf; nrhy;yg; ngj;jz;zhtplk; Ntfkhf tpiue;Njd;. Mdhy;

tu tu vd;Dila Ntfk; Fiwe;J jd; eilahapw;W.

tst.Jiuad;

m.g.Rg;gpukzpad; vd;fpw tst.Jiuad; tpOg;Guk; khtl;lj;ijr;

Nrh;e;j tstD}h; vd;fpw fpuhkj;jpy; 15.07.1949,y; gpwe;jth;.

88

njhlf;fg;gs;sp Mrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wp Xa;T ngw;Ws;shh;. gl;bkd;wk;>

ftpauq;fk; jdpr;nrhw;nghopT vd;W Ngr;Rjpwdhy; NkilahSik ngw;W

tpsq;fp tUfpwhh;. fhyr;RtL fizahop> caph;ik vd gy rpw;wpjo;fspy;

njhlh;e;J jkpo;g;gilg;Gfis ntspapl;l tUfpwhh;. rq;F vd;nwhU

rpw;wjioAk; Kg;gJ Mz;LfSf;Fk; Nkyhf elj;jp tUfpwhh;.

1967 Kjy; ,d;W tiu njhlh;e;J vOjp tUk; tst.Jiuadpd;

gilg;ghf;fj;jpoy; ,uz;L ehty;fSk;> Ie;J rpWfijj; njhFg;GfSk;

ehd;F fl;Liuj; njhFg;GfSk; MW ftpijj; njhFg;GfSk; xU gazf;

fl;Liu E}Yk; ntspte;Js;sd.

,th;> jkJ ,yf;fpagilg;GfSf;F jpUg;G+h; jkpo;r;rq;f tpUJ> f&h;

jpUf;Fws; Nguit tpUJ. fk;gh; ghujp ,yf;fpag; Nguit tpUJ> jkpo;ehL

fiy ,yf;fpag; ngUkd;wtpUJ> nrd;id ftpQh; jhuhghujp mwf;fl;lis

tpUJ> nrd;id ftpij cwT ghpR> jQ;ir Kidth; mwpTil ek;gp

epidTg;ghpR Mfpait ngw;wpUf;fpwhh;.

jw;NghJ flY}hpy; trpj;J tUfpwhh;.flY}uph; $j;jg;gh;fk; vd;w

gFjpapy; ,yf;fpar; Nrhiy vd;w jkpoikg;ig ,UgJ Mz;Lfshf elj;jp

tUfpwhh;.

Nryj;jhh; tz;b tst.Jiuad;

Nryj;jhh; tz;bia Kjd; Kjy; vg;NghJ $g;gplr; Nrd;Nwd; vd;gJ

rhpaha; epidtpy; ,y;iy. %Lgdpapy; tUk; thfdq;fs; nky;ypajhfj;

njhptJ Nghy xU epidT kl;Lk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

jhj;jhTf;Ff;; fLikahd fha;r;ry; te;Jtpl fk;gTz;lh; Nfhghyid

mioj;J tur;Nryj;jhh; tz;biaf; $g;gplr; nrd;w fhl;rp kl;lk; njhpfpwJ.

mg;NghJ ehd; Ie;jhk; tFg;G gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;.

mg;gh vd;id mioj;Jg; “ngUkhs; Nfhtpy; ee;jtdj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhy;

NghapNryj;jhU tz;b ,Uf;Fk;: khb tPl;y nrhd;dhq;fd;D mijf;

$g;gpl;Lf;FD Nghap fk;gTz;liu Vj;jpfpl;Lth” vd;whh;.

vq;fs; njUtpy; vy;yhNk Xl;LtPL jhk;.

vq;fs; tPL kl;LNk khb tPlhf ,Ue;jJ.

89

ehDk; tz;bapy; NghFk; N[hhpy; fpsk;gptpl;NlNd jtpu ehd;

Nryj;jhiuNah mth; tz;biaNah mJtiu ghh;j;jjpy;iy. vq;fs;

njUtpd; filrpapy; xU ngUkhs; Nfhtpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. mf;Nfhapypd;

thrypd; gf;fj;jpNyNa xU njU rpwpajhfr; nrd;W VNjhNfhgpj;Jf;

nfhz;lJ Nghy; gl;nld;W jpUk;Gk; me;jj; njUtpy; nrd;why; clNd

Nfhapypd; gpd;dhy; ee;jtdk; njhpAk; mq;F nrd;W ghh;j;jNghJ tz;bAk;>

,uz;L khLfSk; mikjpahf epd;w nfhz;bUe;jd.

ahiuf; Nfl;gJ vd;W jpUtpohtpy; mg;gh mk;khitj; jtwtpl;l

Foe;ijiag; Nghy; tpopj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ vd; gs;spapy; vl;lhk;

tFg;G gbf;Fk; NtZgf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j Fbir xd;wpypUe;J te;jhd;. mtd;

ed;whfNt gbg;gtd;. “vd;dlhghyh ,q;f te;jpUf;f” vd;W mtd; Nfl;f

ehNdh mtDf;Fg; gjpy; nrhy;yhky; “xq;f tPL ,q;fjhd;,Uf;fh” vd;Nwd;!

Mkhz;lh@ mJjhd;” vd;W tz;bf;Fg;gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j xU tPl;ilf;

fhz;gpj;jhd;. NkYk; tprhhpj;jjpy; mtDila mg;gh jhd; Nryj;jhh;

vd;gJTk; Nryk; gf;fj;jpypUe;J mtd; Kd;Ndhh; te;jjhy; Nryj;jhh; vDk;

ngaNu epiyj;J tpl;lJ vd;Wk; njhpe;jJ.

,J jhd; ehd; Nryj;jhiu mwpe;j Guhzk;.

,dpNkw;nfhz;L ghh;g;Nghk;.

mg;nghOnjy;yhk; tstD}hpy; Ml;Nlhnty;yhk; tutpy;iy.

uapy;Nt];nl\dpypUe;J Fkhuf;Fg;gk;> mw;gprk;ghisak;> rhiyahk;

ghisak; Nghtjw;F Nryj;jhh; tz;bjhd; midtu;f;Fk; cjtpahf

,Ue;jJ. tpOg;Guj;jpypUe;J ghz;br;Nrhpf;Fk;. jpUk;g ghz;br;NrhpapypUe;J

tpOg;Guj;jpw;Fk; ghrQ;rh; xd;W Xbf;nfhz;bUe;jJ.

mJTk; fhiy Ie;jiu tz;bapy; tpOg;Guj;jpypUe;J epiwa Ngh;

,wq;Fthh;fs;.

mNj Nghy ,uT xd;gjiu tz;bf;F tpOg;Guk; nry;y mjpfk; Ngh;

VWthh;fs;. xt;nthU uapYf;Fk; rhpahf Nryj;jhh; khl;L tz;b epw;Fk;

Nryj;jhh; tz;bf;Fg; gf;fj;jpNy epw;Fk; kz;zhq;fl;bapd; tz;bapy; ahUk;

Vwkhl;lhh;fs;. Vnddpy; mth; rw;W fwhh; Ngh;top Ngunky;yhk;fpilahJ.

90

Nryj;jhh; tz;b rthhp Ngha;tpl;L tUk; tiuf;Fk; $l rpyh;

fhj;jpUg;gJz;L.

jhj;jhTf;F mbf;fb fha;r;ry; tUk;.

jtpu njhilapy; gpsit khjphp xU fl;b te;J njhe;juT nfhLj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jJ vz;gj;jpuz;L tajhd mth; mbf;fb ‘vd; rPl;il mtd;

vLf;fpwhd;! Mdh vd;idf; nfhz;L Nghf Ntzhk;D kWgbAk; tr;Rlwhd;.

Vd; njhpaNy’ vd;W Gyk;Gthh;.

,g;NghJ ,Ugj;ije;J tajhd vdf;F ,uhkazk; ghujk; vy;yhk;

nfhQ;rk; njhpe;jpUf;ff; fhuzk; Nryj;jhh;jhd;. mbf;fb jhj;jhtpw;fhf

mtiug;ghh;f;fg; Ngha; vdf;Fk; mtUf;Fk; kpfTk; gof;fkhfptpl;lJ.

khiy gs;sptpl;lJk; ];Nl\Df;Fg; Ngha;tpLNtd;. uapy; tUk; tiu

mtu; vd;dplk; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUg;ghh;.

NtZ ed;whfg; gbg;gjpy; mtUf;Fg; ngUik mjpfk;. “mtid

vg;gbahtJ ,Q;rpdPah; Mf;fZk;gh” vd;ghh; mbf;fb “ePAk; vd; Gs;s

khjphp@ eP ,d;Dk; ey;yhgbf;fZk;” vd;W ftiyAld; $Wthh;.

mtUld; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;jhy; Neuk; NghtNj njhpahJ. rphpf;f

rphpf;f NgRthh;.

rPh;fhopapy; jhd; vdf;Fj; jpUkzk; Kbe;jJ.

khiy Ie;jiu tz;bapy; ehDk; vd; GJ kidtpAk; te;J

,wq;fpaTld; vq;fsJ ngl;b gLf;iffisAk; J}f;fpf; nfhz;L te;J

mtuJ tz;bapy; Vw;wpdhh;.

“,Uq;f ,Uq;f”> vd;W jLj;j NghJ

“Rk;kh ,Ug;gh@ Vk;gh eP gj;jphpf;if itr;rJf;F fy;ahzj;Jf;F

jhd; tuKbay ,jhtJ nra;af;$lhjh? vd;W fz;bg;Gld; Nfl;gJ Nghy;

Nfl;lhh;.

vd; kidtpiag; ghh;j;J> “tyJ fhiyitr;R VWjhap: ,d;Dk; xU

tU\j;Jy Ngug;Gs;sNahljhd; tz;bapy VwZk;”vd;W nrhd;d ,g;NghJk;

epidtpy; ,Uf;fpwJ.

gjpYf;F “vd; mg;ghTk; nghwe;jh xq;f NgUjhd; Nryj;jhNu mtd;

itg;ghd;” vd;W rphpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl nrhd;dhh;.

91

,e;j jlt Cl;Lf;Fg; NghwJf;F tz;b rj;jk; nfhLf;f$lhJ

Mkhk; nrhy;ypl;Nld;.

nghz;Zkhg;gps vd; tz;bapy Ch;Nfhyk; Nghwhq;fy;y” vd;W kpf

kfpo;r;rpAld; Nryj;jhh; nrhy;yptpl;lhh;.

fhyk; jhd; kpf Ntfkhf XbaJ.

nrd;idapy; xU ehspjopy; vdf;F epUguhf Ntiy fpilj;J.

gbg;gbahf Ntfkhf Kd;Ndw;wk; Jiz Mrphpah; epiyf;F cah;e;Njd;.

fhh; gq;fsh vd trjpfs; ngWfpw;W. nrhe;jCuhd tstD}h; kpfj;

J}ukhf neUq;f Kbahjjhfg; Ngha;tpl;lJ.

Mapuk; ,Ue;Jk; trjpfs; ,Ue;Jk; kdj;jpd; Xuj;jpy; ePh;f;Fs;

ghrpNghy; ftiy Xl;bf;fple;jJ.

kiof;Nfq;Fk; rhjfg;gwitfs; Nghy ehDk; vd; kidtpAk; xU

Foe;ijf;F Vq;fpNdhk;.

Nryj;jhh; nrhd;dJ Nghy Xuhz;bw;Fs;Ns gpwe;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;.

jpUkzkhd clNd jhpj;jfU ,t;Tyiff; fhzgpbf;fhky; %d;whk;

khjj;jpNyNa fiye;Jtpl;lJ.

tpOg;Guk; gz;lhup M];gj;jphpapy; jhd; mtisr; Nrh;j;jpUe;jJ.

kaf;fk; njspe;j mtisj; Njw;wNt Kbatpy;iy.

uapypy; gpj;Jg; gpbj;jts; Nghy; cl;fhh;e;jpUe;jhs;.

];Nl\dpypUe;J nkJthff; ifj;jhq;fyhf mtisg;gpbj;J mioj;J

te;Njd;.

Nryj;jhiug; ghh;j;jJk; Glitj; jiyg;ig thapy; jpzpj;Jf; nfhz;L

tpk;k Muk;gpj;jhs;.

mtNuh “vd;djhap@

Cl;Lf;F tu;w nghz;Zfz;fyq;ff;$lhJ. NjhghU mLj;j tU\k;

Ngud; te;jpLthd;.

fz;izj; njhlf;fw khjphp ele;jijAk; njhilr;rpl;Lg;Ngh” vd;W

MWjy; $wpdhh;.

Mdhy; mtu; nrhd;d mLj;j tU\k; vd;gJ mLj;j gj;jhtJ

tU\khfp tpl;lJ. mjw;Fs; mg;gh fhykhfpg; Ngha;tpl;lhh;.

92

tstD}h; tPl;ilAk; ,Ue;j nfhQ;r epyq;fisAk; tpw;Wtpl;L

mk;khTk; vq;fSld; te;Jtpl;lhh;.

,g;NghJ mk;khitAk; mioj;Jf; nfhz;L ehq;fs; ikyk;

te;jpUf;fpNwhk;.

gpwe;j Foe;ijf;F Xuhz;L Kbtjw;Fs; Fynja;tk; NfhtpYf;Fr;

nrd;W Kb ,wf;fptpLtJ vq;fs; FLk;g tof;fk;.

Foe;ijf;F ,g;NghJ gj;jhtJ khjk; Kbe;jpUf;fpwJ.

Nfhapy;fspy; rhjhuz ehs;fspy; $l ,f;fhyj;jpy; $l;lk; mjpfkhf

,Uf;fpwJ.

gf;jp mjpfkhfptpl;ljh my;yJ xU Ntis gak; mjpfkhfp tpl;ljh

vd;W njhpatpy;iy.

,ijj;jhd; gagf;jp vd;W nrhy;fpwhh;fNsh vd;W vdf;F

vz;zj;Njhd;WfpwJ.

nrd;idapy; ey;y ntspr;rk; te;J jhd; fpsk;gpNdhk;.

,ilapy; Xhplj;jpy; epWj;jpf; Foe;ijf;F ghy; nfhLj;Njhk;. ikyk;

tUk; NghJ kzpgj;jhfptpl;lJ.

Nfhapypy; ehd;F jpUkz Nfh\;bfs; NtWte;Jtpl;ldh;.

Kb ,wf;fp mh;r;rid nra;J khtpsf;Fk; Nghl;L Kba mit ehd;F

kzpNeuj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;L tpl;ld.

$l;Nlhpg;gl;L nrd;W kjpa czit xU tpLjpapy; Kbf;Fk; NghJ

kjpak; %d;W tz;biaf; fpsg;Gk; NghJ jhd; “mk;kh> ,d;Dk; Neuk;

,Uf;Fkh? CUf;F Nghapl;Lg; Nghfyhkh” vd;W Nfl;Nld;.

“ve;j CUf;Flh?”

“vd;dhk;kh> ek;k CUf;Fjhk;kh> tstD}Uf;F”

“mq;fjhd; ,Ue;j vy;yhj;ijAk; tpj;Jl;L te;jpl;NlhNk: ,d;Dk;

mq;f ahU ,Uf;fhq;f?”

“vd;dhk;kh mg;gb Nfl;Ll;l: gf;fj;J tPl;L Rg;Gg;ghl;b ,y;ypah?

,d;Dk; ngUkhs; NfhapY> nrl;bahh; fil>

rj;jpuj;Jy nul;bahh; Xl;lY> filj;njU> ehd; gbj;j ];$Y>

Vhpf;fiu> uapy;Nt ];Nl\d;> Nryj;jhh;tz;b vy;yhk; ,Uf;Fy;y”

93

nfhoe;ijAk; tr;Rfpl;L mq;nfy;yhk; NghapRj;jg;Nghwpah?

“,y;yk;kh”

mg;gbNa xU uTz;L Nghapl;L ghh;j;Jl;L rPf;fpuk; nghwg;gl;Llyhk;.

vq;fpANk vwq;fthzhk;?”

filj;njUTk; rj;jpuKk; milahsNk njhpatpy;iy. rhiyNahuf;

fil ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; xU [Tspf;fil FbNawp ,Ue;jJ. ngUkhs;

Nfhapy; NfhGuk; fPw;Wj;jl;bahy; kiwf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. Fk;ghgpN\fk; nra;ag;

Nghfpwhh;fs; vd;W epidj;Njd; nrd;id NghdJk; ek;khy; Kbe;j rpW

njhif fpU\;z%h;j;jp gl;lhr;rhh;ahh; NgUf;F mDg;g Ntz;Lk;.

vq;Fk; ,wq;f Ntz;lh nkd;W nrhy;yptpl;NlNd jtpu Nryj;jhh;

tPl;lUfpy; vd;dhy; ,wq;fhkypUf;f Kbatpy;iy.

#hpad; ,wq;fj; njhlq;fpa Neukhdjhy; tPl;L thrypy; fl;by; kPJ

mth; nky;ypa clYld; mkh;e;jpUe;jhh;. gf;fj;jpy; mtu; tz;b epd;W

nfhz;bUe;jJ. Mdhy; mjd; rf;fuq;fspd; rl;lq;fs; rpy fhzhky;

NghapUe;jd. mJ ,g;NghJ gad;ghl;by; ,y;iy vdg;Ghpe;J nfhz;Nld;.

fhh; te;J epd;w rj;jk; Nfl;L mth; jpUk;gpg;ghh;j;jhh;. ehd; kl;Lk;

,wq;fpNdd;.

fz;fSf;F Nky; ifiaitj;Jf; nfhz;L “ahUkhbT+l;Lj; jk;gpah?”

vd;W Nfl;lhh;.

“guthapy;ypNa@ rhpah milahsk; fz;L gpbr;Rl;Bq;f” vd;wjw;F

“vg;gba;ah xd;id kwf;f KbAk;?” vd;whh;.

“vd;dhq;f tz;b ,g;gb nflf;FJ”

“Mkha;ah> ahUk; ,g;g ,e;j tz;bapy Vwjpy;iy@ Ml;Nlhjhd;@

mQ;RtU\khr;R@ khl;nly;yhk; tpj;Jl;Nld;.

tz;biaahUk; Nff;fkhl;Nlq;fwhq;f@ xilf;f kdRtuy;y@

“NtZ vq;f ,Uf;fhd;?”

“mjhd; ahnuhk;g re;Njh\k;@

,e;j tz;bia tr;Rjhd; mtidehd; nrhd;d khjphp ,Q;rPdpah;

Mf;fpl;Nld;. khatuj;Jy Ntiy xt;nthU rdp QhapWk; te;jpLthq;f@

vq;fis mq;fpNa $g;gplwhd; rhp.

94

,Uf;f KbQ;r kl;Lk; ,Ug;Nghk;D ,Uf;Nfd;. nuz;L Gs;isq;f@

Mkha;ah? eP vg;gb ,Uf;f?

“Xq;f MrPh;thjj;Jy ey;yh ,Uf;Nfd;@ fhU vd;Dila jhd;” vd;W

nrhd;dth;> “thlhnkhl;ilg; Nguhz;b” vd;W Foe;ijiaf; ifapy; thq;fpf;

nfhz;lhh;. mtDk; Kd;Ng njhpe;jtd; Nghy mthplk; Ngha;tpl;lhd;.

Foe;ijapd; jiyiaj; jltpath; “re;jdk; Nghwhjg;gh@ ,d;Dk; neiwa

jltZk;” vd;W nrhd;dth; “ey;yh ,Uf;fPq;fsh? vd;W Nfl;lthNw

Foe;ijia mth;fsplk; je;jhh;.

mLj;Jj;jd; ,Lg;gpd; Ntl;bapy; nrhUfpapUe;j ehd; fha;kbj;J

itf;fg;gl;bUe;j gj;J &gha; Nehl;L xd;iw vLj;J “Nla;

ey;yhg;Gbr;Rf;Nfh” vd;W Foe;ijaplk; nfhLj;jhh;. mj;Jld; epy;yhky;

kWgbAk; Foe;ijiaf; ifapy; thq;fpdhh;.

tz;bf;fUfpy; nrd;whh;.

tz;bapy; Foe;ijia itj;Jg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L: “Nla; Nguhz;b

,J xq;f mg;ghUf;Fj;jhj;jh Vwpa tz;b@

mg;Gwk; xq;f mg;ghTk; mk;khTk; Vwpa tz;b

,g;g ePAk; xf;fhe;jpUf;fw tz;b vd;W $wpf;nfhz;Nl fz;fspy; ePh;

tur;rphpj;jhh;. mJ ve;jf; fz;zPh; vd;W njhpatpy;iy.

vdf;Nfh Nryj;jhiutpl me;j tz;biag; ghh;j;jhy; jhd; ghpjhgkhfj;

njhpe;jJ.

*****

95

nkhopj;jpwd;

mbg;gil ,yf;fzk;

1. ngah;r;nrhy;> tpidr;nrhy; mwpjy;

ngah;r;nrhy;

xd;iwf; Fwpg;gjw;fhfNth> miog;gjw;fhfNth itf;fg;gLk;

nghJthd nrhy; ngah;r;nrhy; vdg;gLk;. ,J nghUspd; ngaiuf; Fwpf;Fk;.

nghUl;ngah; - fhfpjk;> rl;il> kdpjd;> tpkyh

,lg;ngah; - tPL> Nfhapy;> gs;sp> mYtyfk;

fhyg;ngah; - fhiy> rpj;jpiu> jpq;fs;

rpidg;ngah; - if> fhy;> jiy> g+> jz;L

gz;Gg; ngah; - tl;lk;> nrk;ik> kfpo;r;rp> ePsk;> cth;g;G

njhopw; ngah; - gbg;G> ebg;G> tiujy;

ngah;r;nrhw;fspd; gz;Gfs;

1. Ntw;Wik cUGfis Vw;Fk;

Gj;jfj;ij – Gj;jfk; + I

2. ngauilfis Vw;Fk;

ey;y igad; (ey;y> rpwpa> Gjpa> rpwe;j> nghpa)

3. vz; ml;ilfisAk;> Rl;Ltpdh milfisAk; Vw;Fk;

xU Fuq;F> gy Nfhapy;fs;

me;j kdpjd;> ve;jf; Fsk;?

4. Mf> Mfp vd;Dk; tpFjpfisg; ngw;W tpidailahfr;

nray;gLk;.

myF -5

96

Gdpjkhf> epykhf> nghUshfp

5. ‘jy;’ tpFjp ngw;w njhopw;ngaUk;> fhyq;fhl;Lk; njhopw;ngaUk;>

tpisahyizAk; ngaUk; ngauilfs;> vz; milfs;> tpdh milfs;

,tw;iw Vw;gjpy;iy. NkYk; Mfp Mf vd;Dk; tpFjpfisAk; Vw;gjpy;iy.

Nghjy;> nra;jy;> xbj;jy;

NghdJ> NghfpwJ> NghtJ

te;jth;> nra;ahjth;> nra;jth;

6. jd;ik> Kd;dpiy> glh;f;if> %tplg; nghJg;ngah;fs;>

Rl;Lg;ngah;fs;> tpdhg;ngah;fs;> ghy;nghJg; ngah;fs;> jpidg;

nghJg;ngah;fs;> Kiwg;ngah;fs;> MFngah;fs; ,it midj;Jk; ngah;r;

nrhy; tifapNyNa mlq;Fk;.

tpidr;nrhy;

tpid vd;gjw;Fr; nray; vd;gJ nghUs; nghUspd; tpidia

czh;j;JtJ tpidr;nrhy; vdg;gLk;. ,jw;Ff; fhyf;fpstp vDk; ngaUk;

cz;L. tpidg;gFjp vg;nghOJNk fl;lisapLtJNghy; ,Uf;Fk;.

XL> ML> ghh;> th> epy;

fhyj;ijj; njspthff; fhl;bdhy; mJ njhpepiy tpid vdg;gLk;.

njhpepiy tpidr;nrhy; fUj;jh> fUtp> epyk;> nray; fhyk; vdg;gy

nghUs;fis czh;j;Jk;.

rhd;W : ele;jhd;

fhyk; - ,we;j fhyk;

jpiz – cah;jpiz

ghy; - Mz;ghy;

nray; - ele;jJ

fUtp – ghjk;

fhyj;ijf; Fwpg;ghff; fhl;bdhy; mJ Fwpg;Gtpid vdg;gLk;.

mtd; ey;yd;

ey;yd; vd;gJ ed;ik vd;Dk; gz;Gr;nrhy;ybahfg; gpwe;jjhy; Fwpg;G

tpidKw;W.

97

nghd;dd; - nghUs;

M&ud; - ,lk;

Mjpiuahd; - fhyk;

fz;zd; - rpid

fhpad; - Fzk;

eilad; - njhopy;

2. z-d-e> y-s-o> u-w NtWghL mwpjy;

u-w : ufw> wfuq;fs;

ufuk; - u - ,ilapd ufuk; (rpwpa ufuk;)

wfuk; - w - ty;ypd wfuk; (nghpa wfuk;)

Nky;thia (mz;zj;jpd; Kd; tisit) Edp ehf;F tULtjhy;

(jlTtjhy; ‘u’ gpwf;Fk;. (tUnlhyp)

Nky;thia Edpehf;F ed;whf mOe;jg; nghUe;jp rl;nld tpLtjhy;

(jbj;J tULtjhy;) ‘w’ gpwf;Fk; (ciug;nghyp / milg;nghyp)

ufuKk;> wfuKk; nka;naOj;jhfTk; capu; nka;naOj;jhfTk;

nrhy;Yf;F ,ilapYk; <w;wpYk; tUfpd;wd.

ciu Futd; fw;W jw;fhyk;

vhp Juj;jy; Fd;W epd;W

nrhy;ypd; ,ilNa wfuj;ij mLj;J ,d;ndhU nka; tuyhfhJ.

fw;f;f - jtW fw;f - rup

nghw;f;Flk; - jtW nghw;Flk; - rup

epw;f;f - jtW epw;f - rup

tpw;f;fg;gLk; - jtW tpw;fg;gLk; - rup

ufuKk; wfuKk; nrhy;ypd; KjnyOj;jhf thuh. mg;gb gpw nkhopr;

nrhw;fis vOj Neh;e;jhy; KjnyOj;jhf m my;yJ , my;yJ c

vd;w xd;iwr; Nrh;j;J vOJtJ kuG.

uhfk; - ,uhfk; urk; - ,urk; Nuhkk; - cNuhkk;

98

uhkd; - ,uhkd; uq;fk; - muq;fk; uj;jpdk; - ,uj;jpdk;

uk;ig – muk;ig whj;jy; - ,whj;jy;

u> w NtWghLfs;

muk; - xU fUtp muj;ij vL mwk; - jUkk;> <if mwj;Jg;ghy; mud; - rptd; mutpe;jd; mwd; - mwk; mwnthOf;fk; mU - mhpa> mZ mUikahd Ngr;R mW - Jz;b> ntl;L kuk; mW mhp - ntl;L> rpq;fk;> jpUkhy ; mhpAk; rptDk; xd;W mwp - njhpe;J nfhs; mwpthsp mhpit - ngz; (20-25) mhpit moF mwpit - eP mwptha; mwpe;J NgR MuwpT - epiwe;j mwpT MuwpT ngw;wtdha; ,U MwwpT - MW mwpT kdpjDf;F Mw;wT Mu - epiwa tapwhu cz; Mw - Fzkhf Gz; Mwp tUfpwJ ,U - cl;fhh;> ,Uf;if jq;fpapU ,W - Mw>tb ePiu ,Wj;njL ,Uk;G - Xh; cNyhfk; ,Uk;Gf; fk;gp ,Wk;G - Gjh; ,Wk;G gf;fk; NghfhNj ,u - ahrp <nad ,uj;jy; ,w - rhjy; ,we;J fple;jhd; ,iu - jPdp> xyp ,iue;JNgR> ,iug;ig ,wf;fk; - rhpT> jho;Tepiy rhiy ,wf;fk; <U - jiyg;Ngd; <Uk; NgDk; <W - ,Wjp> filrp <w;wb cuT - typik cuTilahd; cwT - nrhe;jk;> Nrh;f;if cwT Kiw chp - chpj;jy;> miug;gb Njhiy cup cwp - njhq;ftpLk; cwp> cwpapy; ghh;

99

ciu - Nja;> nrhy;>nghUs;$W ciueil E}y; ciw - ,lk;> ,Ug;gplk;> %b jiyaid ciw vhp - neUg;G> rpdk; vhpjoy; nfhz;L th vwp - tPR> tPrp vwp Vhp - ePh;epiy Vupf;fiu Vwp - NkNy Ngha; Vwpth xU - xd;W xU ehs; xW - jz;b> mlf;F xUj;jtd; fu - xspj;Jit> jpUL neQ;rf; fuT fw - gPr;rp vLj;jy; ghy; fwit y-s-o : yfu> sfu> ofuq;fs; yfu> sfu> ofuq;fs; nghUl; rpwg;igAk; nrhy;ypdpikiaAk;

juj;jf;fd. ,tw;iw cr;rhpg;gjw;Fr; rpyh; rpukg;gLfpd;wdh;. ofuj;ij

sfukhfNt cr;rhpf;fpd;wdh;. yfu> sfu> NtWghLfis mwpahky;

vOJfpd;wdh;. Nghjpa Kaw;rpAk; gapw;rpAk; ,Ue;jhy; yfu> sfu> ofu

NtWghLfs; ekf;Ff; fhahfg; Gspf;fhJ. fdpahfr; Ritf;Fk;.

ofu> yfu> sfuq;fs; o - ofuk; (rpwg;G ofuk;) y - Edp eh yfuk; (wfu yfuk;) s - kb eh sfuk; (lfu sfuk;) Nky;thia ehf;fpd; Edp jlTtjhy; ‘o’ gpwf;fpwJ fOF> gok;> tho;f> jho;r;rp> top yfuk; Gzh;r;rpapy; ‘w’ fukhf khWk;. vdNt yfuk; wfuyfuk; vdg;gLfpwJ. gy;nghb – gw;nghb fy;fz;L – fw;fz;L fy; f - fw;f

100

sfuk; Gzh;r;rpapy; ‘l’ fukhf khWk;. vdNt sfuk; lfu sfuk;

vdg;gLfpwJ. Ks; jhs; - Kl;lhs; ths; njhopy; - thl;nlhopy;

yfu> sfu> ofu NtWghLfs;

mfy; tpsf;F mfy;tpsf;F mfo; Njhz;L mfo;tha;T my;yp ePh;tho; jhtuk; my;yp kyu;e;jJ ms;sp thhp ms;sp mizj;jhd; myW fjW mywp mbj;J msW eufk;> NrW myk; fyg;ig> rQ;ryk; if myk;Gkplk; msk; $u;ik> fsh;epyk; cg;gsk; Miy njhopw;$lk; mhprp Miy Mis egiu Ms;ghh;j;J Myp Vyp> kioj;Jsp> fyp Mypq;fdk; Msp rpq;fk;> MSgtd;> ahsp ciog;ghsp

Mop fly;> Nkhjpuk;> rf;fuk; Mopg;Nguiy My; Mykuk; MYk; NtYk; Ms; Xu; Ms; me;j Ms; Mo; %o;F mKf;F Mo; Jisf; fpzW ,iy gr;ir ,iy> jio gr;rpiy ,is nkype;J Ngh ,isj;J tpl;lhd; ,io E}y; gl;L ,io ,yf;fk; vz; %d;W ,yf;f vz; ,sf;fk; ,sfr;nra;jy; kdk; ,sfpaJ ciy miy> ePuiy> nfhy;yd; ciy ciyf;fsk; cis NrW> gplupkapu; cisapy; khl;bf;nfhs;shNj d-z-e : dfu> zfu> efuq;fs;

101

vOJk; NghJ gyUf;Fk; kpFjpahd gpiofs; Vw;gLtJ ,e;j dfu> zfu> efu vOj;Jf;fspd; jhd;. cupa ,yf;fzq;fisAk;> rupahd cr;rhpg;G KiwfisAk; gpioawf; fw;wwpe;jhy; Nkw;fz;l NtWghLfs; ekf;F xU nghUl;Nl my;y. dfu> zfu> efuq;fs; d - wd;dfuk; (wfu dfuk;) z - lz;zfuk; (lfu zfuk;) e - je;efuk; fd;dp vdf;F jd;dyk; nrhd;dth; fz;zp fzf;F tz;L Fz;L ehp eyk; eha; ehf;F eif ehL ehd;F ed;D}y; dfu> zfu> efu NtWghLfs; mD jdpik> jhil mDNghfk; mZ Ez;ik mZf;Fz;L mid mj;jid mida nray;fs; miz fiu> mizj;jy; jiyaiz md;dk; gwit> NrhW md;dkpl;lif mz;zk; Nky;tha; mz;zj;ij tUl 3. fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fk; Internet - ,izak; Website - ,izajsk; E-mail - kpd;dQ;ry; Online - ,izatop what’s app - Gydk; Media - Clfk; Revoke - jpUk;gg;ngW Feedback - gpd;Dl;lk; Guideline - topKiwfs; Editor - ,jopay; Faircopy - nrt;itg;gb Current file - elg;Gf; Nfhg;G

102

Draftsmand - tiugl tiuthsh; Faircopy - nrt;itg;gb Commissioner - Mizg;gb Law and order - rl;lk; xOq;F Enquiry - crhty; Indian penal code - ,e;jpaj; jz;lidr; rl;lk; Last pay certificate- Kd; Cjpar; rhd;W Plastic - nefpop Scanner - tUb

4. gpwnkhopr; nrhy; ePf;fpj; jkpo;r;nrhy; mwpjy; maw;nrhy; (tlnrhy;) jkpo;r;nrhy; mfq;fhuk; - nrUf;F> ,Wkhg;G mfjp - Mjutw;wth;> Gfyp mfq;ghtk; - jw;ngUik mfuhjp - mfuepuy; mfltpflk; - FWk;G mf;fg;Nghh; - tPz;Ngr;R mq;fPfhuk; - cWg;gpdu; mq;Fyk; - xg;Gjy; mQ;Rfk; - fpsp Mfkk; - Kjy; E}y; Mfhak; - thdk; Mrdk; - ,Uf;if Mr;ru;ak; - tpag;G Mlk;guk; - gfl;L Mj;kh - Nfhgk; Mjp - mUtUg;G Mde;jk; - tho;ehs; ,ufrpak; - kiwnghUs; ,uzk; - Gz; ,uj;jk; - FUjp ,uhrh - kd;dd;> murd; ,uhj;jpup - ,uT ,uhZtk; - Nghh;g;gil <rhdk; - tlfpof;F

103

<dk; - FiwghL> ,opT <];tud; - ,iwtd; cf;fpuk; - fLik cr;rupj;jy; - gYf;fy;> vOj;Njhir> xypj;jy; cr;rp - KfL> jiy> Kjd;ik cgfuzk; - fUtpg;nghUs; cgrhuk; - gzptpil cgNahfk; - gad; cge;ahrk; - nrhw;nghopT Cfk; - jiytd; vrkhd; - jiytd; Vfhjrp - gjpNdhuhk; gpiw If;fpak; - xw;Wik Ijpfk; - ek;gpf;if

khjphp tpdhj;jhs; mikg;G

tpdhg; gphpT

tpdhg; gFg;G kjpg;ngz;

gFjp m

gj;J tpdhf;fs;

xt;nthU myfpypUe;Jk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fs; (njhpT tha;g;G ,y;iy)

(No Choice)

10 x 2 = 20 kjpg;ngz;fs;

gFjp M

Ie;J tpdhf;fs;

xt;nthU myfpypUe;Jk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fs;

(,uz;by; xd;iwj; njhpT nra;jy;) (my;yJ khjphp)

5 x 5 = 25 kjpg;ngz;fs;

gFjp ,

Ie;J tpdhf;fs;

xt;nthU myfpypUe;Jk; xU tpdh

(vitNaDk; %d;W tpdhf;fisj; njhpT nra;jy;)

3 x 10 = 30 kjpg;ngz;fs;

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