part 1 variable speed drive in pumping stations: advantages part 2 speed control in induction motors

PART 1 VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE IN PUMPING STATIONS ADVANTAGESPART 2 SPEED CONTROL IN INDUCTION MOTORS

2

Variable Speed Drive in Pumping StationsADVANTAGES1

PART 1

3

Variable Speed Drive in Pumping StationsADVANTAGES

1 Introduction

2 Criteria for the selection of the Variable Speed Drives

3 Energy saving in pumps and fans with Variable Speed Drives

31 Typical pump and fan curves32 Movement of the pump curve in accordance

with the speed drop33 Movement of the power and efficiency curves

in accordance with the speed drop34 Basic relationships for the power control35 Efficiency of pumps with VSD

4 Methods for flow control

5 Needed information for a correct consulting in the energy saving field

SUMMARY ndash PART 1

4

Variable Speed Drives in Pumping StationsINTRODUCTION1

5

11 Power ElectronicsPower Electronics offers to its clients optimization options for the production process through the application of variable speed drives and softstarters in a wide variety of industrial fields


1 INTRODUCTION

2 As a result of the application of variable speed drives and softstarters a spectacular raise of the quality of the product and an absolute improvement of the mechanical and electrical maintenance of the Company

6

Variable Speed Drives in Pumping StationsCRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF A VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE

2

7


A Input Filters

B Input Chokes

C Protection Degree

D Ambient Temperature

E Constant and Variable Torque VSD

F VSD Applications

G Technical Assistance

2 CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF A VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

8

WHAT IS ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

It is a concept linked to any electronic device

This concept means the ability of a device to avoid the generation of interferences above a defined dB level

It means the measure of its immunity versus a defined dB level

A INPUT FILTERS


[ BACK TO THE CRITERIA ][ BACK TO THE CRITERIA ]

9

WHAT PHENOMENA PRODUCE THE RADIOFREQUENCIES IN A VSD

A INPUT FILTERS



10

RFI EMISSION SOURCES IN A VSD

A INPUT FILTERS



raquo The RFI can be radiated and conduced raquo The conduction can be produced through the Motor Cables through the Power Supply Cables and through the Earth Connections

11

CABLE LENGTH

A INPUT FILTERS



Vcc = Ve 141 = 380 141 = 534= 500 141 = 720= 690 141 = 9729 raquo 40 meters of screened cable

raquo 150 meters of screened cable

12

USE OF INPUT CHOKES FOR HARMONIC REDUCTION

B INPUT CHOKES



raquo Power electronics for SD700 series 90A ndash 170A

13


B INPUT CHOKES




14

PROTECTION DEGREE FOR EXTRA PROTECTION

C PROTECTION DEGREE



raquo IP54 protection impedes that dust or any other particles damage the devices

raquo In this case splashing occurred near the motor donrsquot damage our products

15

OVER-HEATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SD700 SERIES

D AMBIENT TEMPERATURE



Operation current at 45ordm

Over-heating Characteristics for SD700 Series

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec

Overload 30 sec at 50ordm




Overload peak for 1 sec

Overload for 30 sec at 50ordm




16




ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE

Power ElectronicsPower Electronics Variable Speed Drives are prepared to resist the hardest environmental working conditions

They CAN RESIST TILL 50ordmC 50ordmC AMBIENT TEMPERATURE WITHOUT OVER-SIZING THE VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE

17

raquo Competitors


E CONSTANT TORQUE AND VARIABLE TORQUE

THERMAL SHOT (85ordmC)

15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE

OVERLOAD 15In (40ordmC)


Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE


OVERLOAD 125 In (40ordmC)

Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC

raquo Power ElectronicsPower Electronics


18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE

POWER AT VARIABLE TORQUE

PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19

F VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE APPLICATIONS



CONTROL

The Variable Speed Drives extend the regulation field with regard toFlow fluctuationPressure controlTemperature controlLevel controlhellip

APPLICATIONS

Several applications can be consideredPumping stationsPressure groupsIrrigation systemsHigh concentration of carbonic monoxide oxygenhellipHeating and Air conditioninghellip

20

Variable Speed Drives in Pumping StationsENERGY SAVING IN PUMPS AND FANS3

21

31 TYPICAL PUMPS AND FANS CURVES

3 ENERGY SAVING IN PUMPS AND FANS WITH VSD


HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22

32 MOVEMENT OF THE PUMP CURVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SPEED DROP



H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23

33 MOVEMENT OF THE POWER AND EFFICIENCY CURVES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SPEED DROP



p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24

34 BASIC RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE POWER CONTROL



POWER (W) = r x g x H x Q x ŋ-1

r = Density (Kgmsup3)

g = Gravity (981mssup2)

H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25

35 EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS WITH VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE



50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves

10 20 30 40Q flowm3min

26

Variable Speed Drives in Pumping StationsMETHODS FOR FLOW CONTROL4

27


A Valve Control

B By ndash Pass Control

C Start ndash Stop Control (On Off)

D Variable Speed Drive

4 METHODS FOR FLOW CONTROL

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28

A VALVE CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS



raquo Pumps always work at maximum speed

raquo The transversal section of the conduct or pipe

raquo Pressure increases when pipe cross section is reduced

raquo Problems with the over-heating of the fluids

raquo Cavitation turbulences

[ BACK TO THE LIST ][ BACK TO THE LIST ]

29

A VALVE CONTROL GRAPHIC



STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curvesH-Q curves

System curves

10 20 30 40 Q Flow m3min100 Flow50 Flow

1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW

BOTTLENECK INCREASES

1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT WITHOUT BOTTLENECK

7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL



raquo This is the least efficient method with regard to the energy consumption

raquo The pump always works at maximum power without taking into account the flow level

Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves

Pump H ndash Q curves

Efficiency curves


32

C START ndash STOP CONTROL (On Off) CHARACTERISTICS



raquo It is recommendable for those systems in which the pumping flow is constant

raquo It leads to mechanical and electrical stress

raquo It does not allow to maintain constant parameters a small or big variation always exists

raquo Over-pressure during the starting

raquo Water hammering during the stop


33

D VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS



raquo It allows to keep constant those parameters to be controlled

raquoIt provides a reduction of absorbed power by the motor

raquo Compensation of reactive power of the motor

raquo Reduction of mechanical and electrical failures

raquo Reduction of civil construction cost in pumping systems


34

D VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE CONTROL GRAPHIC



STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves

10 20 30 40Q Flowm3min

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35

D VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE CONTROL TABLE



SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT AT FULL LOAD

7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36

D VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE CONTROL ENERGY MISUSE



POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37

D VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE CONTROL COMPARATIVE CURVES AND POWER REQUIREMENTS



FLOW ()

POWER()

A Control using Variable Speed Drive

B Control using valve adjusting

38

D VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE IN WELLS



WINTERSUMMER

39

Variable Speed Drives in Pumping StationsNEEDED INFORMATION FOR A CORRECT CONSULTING IN THE ENERGY SAVING FIELD

5

40

ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SYSTEMSA Type of controlB Height curves and flow of the system

5 NEEDED INFORMATION FOR A CORRECT CONSULTING IN THE ENERGY SAVING FIELD


PUMP OR FAN DATAA Pump and fans efficiency curvesB Fan or pump powerC Motor curves

PROCESS INFORMATIONA Fluid or gas densityB Flows and required duty cyclesC Static and dynamic height values

41

IF WE DO NOT HAVE COMPLETE INFORMATION THE FOLLOWING DATA COULD BE USEFUL



A HEIGHT FLOW CURVES OR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYSTEMB REQUIRED FLOWS AND OPERATION CYCLESC FLUID OR GAS DENSITIESD VALUES OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC HEIGHTE PUMP OR FAN POWER

MINIMUM INFORMATION REQUIRED (GRAPHICS USE)

A REQUIRED FLOWS AND OPERATION CYCLESB PUMP OR FAN POWER (DIFFERENT FLOWS)

42

Speed Control in Induction MotorsVARIABLE SPEED DRIVE amp SOFTSTARTERS2

PART 2

43

Speed Control in Induction MotorsINTRODUCTION 1

44

Speed Control in Induction MotorsVARIABLE SPEED DRIVE amp SOFTSTARTERS

1 Introduction

2 Induction motors Control Outlines

3 Speed control in a Squirrel Cage Motor

4 Electronic Outlines for AC Motor Control


45

1 Induction motor control outlines variable speed drive and softstarters

22 Power ElectronicsPower Electronics technology and experience in power electronics


1 INTRODUCTION

3 Basic Outlines- To know the outlines of the

induction motors- Variable speed drives

performance- Softstarters performance- Harmonics in industrial provisions- Electromagnetic compatibility of

VSD- Energy saving in pumps and fans- Applications and control

46

Speed Control in Induction MotorsINDUCTION MOTORS CONTROL OUTLINES 2

47

INDUCTION MOTORS

The induction motor (asynchronous or squirrel cage) is made up of two main partsThe ROTOR fixed along an axisThe STATOR

2 INDUCTION MOTORS CONTROL OUTLINES


48

INDUCTION MOTORS

The rotor is built with electronically short-circuit bars through rings at the edges which form the squirrel cage



49

INDUCTION MOTORS

Connecting the motor to a 3-phase power supply a rotational magnetic field it is generated in the stator (flux)This is due toThe physical position of the stator windings 3 coils separated physically 120ordmThe current in those windings diphase 120ordm electrically



50

INDUCTION MOTORS

The flux lines (arrows) induce currents on the rotor barsWhen a magnetic field acts over a conductor in which a current flow the resultant is a force which produce the torque and therefore the motor rotation



ROTATING FIELD

51

Speed Control in Induction MotorsSPEED CONTROL IN A SQUIRREL CAGE MOTOR

3

52

SPEED CONTROLA squirrel cage motor is a constant speed motorBut speed can be controlled acting on the number of polespoles of the motor and the frequency supplyfrequency supply

3 SPEED CONTROL IN A SQUIRREL CAGE MOTOR


TORQUE ndash SPEED RELATIONSHIPMOTOR

TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

raquo Torque ndash Speed curve in a induction motor

MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT

raquo Current ndash Speed curve

53

SPEED CONTROL

Method used by electronic speed controllers To vary the frequency supply of the motor



WHY IS VARYING THE FREQUENCY SUPPLY THE BEST METHOD

A high performance in the whole range of speeds is obtained

This method disposes of a continuous variation of the speed that might be electrically through control signals such as 0-10VDC o 4-20mA This makes VSD for AC motors to be the best option for process automation

The available motor torque is constant even at low speeds This offers the possibility to work with any load

It is possible to work with frequencies above 50Hz

54

Speed Control in Induction MotorsELECTRONIC OUTLINES FOR AC MOTOR CONTROL

4

55

FREQUENCY SUPPLY VARIATION

Torque ndash speed curve evolution when the frequency supply varies

4 ELECTRONIC OUTLINES FOR AC MOTOR CONTROL


raquo Torque ndash Speed curve

OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT

Equivalent circuit per phase can be represented according to

IR Component of load ldquoRealrdquo component that flows through the rotor This current generates the torque and therefore increases as the load of the motor increases

IM ldquoImaginaryrdquo component 90ordm diphased regarding to the ldquorealrdquo component Magnetizing current responsible of the motor flux It is convenient to keep it constant as the load varies

57



WHY VHz CONSTANT

Vector diagram of the motor current

Magnetizing current IM is constant regardless of the loadIt is this current which generates the magnetic field in the stator affecting to the motor capacity of producing torque

Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt

Imaginary current (Magnetizing)

Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor

raquo At full load raquo At medium load

58



WHY VHz CONSTANT

Controlling the voltage applied to the stator (E1) it is possible to control the magnetizing current (IM) and therefore the flux

Increasing the motor speed the slip (S) decreases and the relative frequency decreases too Then the cosR improves the losses inductance is reduced and e Ir decreases

SM Lf

EI

middotmiddotmiddot21

22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr

E1 = Supply voltagef = Supply frequencyLS = Magnetizing inductance of the stator

In a electronic speed controller the motor voltage supply must be adjusted proportionally to the frequency so that the magnetization current remains constant

59



RELATIONSHIP VOLTAGE ndash FREQUENCY IN A VSD VOLTAGE COMPENSATION AT REDUCED SPEEDS

Voltage increase It is necessary when the load requires a high starting torque (transport bands high inertia load hellip)

100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE

50Hz OUTPUT FREQUENCY

AREA WHERE THE MAGNETIC FIELD MAKES WEAKER

100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE

raquo Voltage ndash Frequency relationship in the drive raquo Voltage compensation at reduced speeds

60



DIAGRAM BLOCK FOR A VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE

61



INVERTER CIRCUIT

Output waveforms of the inverter bridge

62



CURRENT IN THE MOTOR WITH SEMI-SQUARED VOLTAGE

raquo Output voltage (quasi-rectangular wave)

Transistor current

Free flow current

raquo Output motor current

63



MODULATION AND WAVE SHAPES OUTPUT VOLTAGE

raquo Modulation and waveforms of the output voltage

CARRIER WAVE

SINUSOIDAL WAVEREFERENCE SIGNAL

SUPERIOR TRANSISTOR ON

INFERIOR TRANSISTOR ON

INVERTER OUTPUT VOLTAGE(REGARDING TO THE MIDDLE POINT IN THE DC BUS)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE BETWEEN PHASES PWM

64



OUTPUT WAVES MODULATION

raquo Output voltage modulation

NOMINAL FREQUENCY ndash NOMINAL VOLTAGE

MEDIUM LEVEL FREQUENCY ndash MEDIUM LEVEL VOLTAGE

A triangular signal is compared to a senoidal one in the sinusoidal modulationThe wave shape of the current produced in the motor is very similar to the senoidal one with a very long distortion

65







The width and the number of hollows are electronically adjusted in order to reduce the output voltage as long as the frequency diminishes

New technology vector vector space modulationspace modulation better wave shapes and less commutations

66



VECTOR SPACE MODULATION

raquo 3-Phase vector

A system of 3-phasic senoidal waves can be represented through three rotating vectors (phasors)

V

C

N

VA

VE

Rotation speed (revsec) FrequencyFrequency

Instantaneous position Status in a cycleStatus in a cycle

Vector length Voltage amplitudeVoltage amplitude

67



ADVANTAGES OF VECTOR SPACE MODULATION VERSUS SINUSOIDAL MODULATION

Small content of harmonics in the motor

Small pulsate pairs

Constant frequency modulation

Better use of voltage supply

Adapted to the wave generation using microprocessor

68



ELECTRONIC DEVICES BASED ON COMMUTATION

THYRISTORS Power semiconductor with PNPN structure Currently not used

BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS Based on NPN or PNP structure

ISOLATED GATE BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS (IGBT) the latest generation control realized by mean of voltage the commutation is done by the application of voltage to the gate

Advantages of the IGBTAdvantages of the IGBTbull Less voltage saturation bull Higher commutation frequenciesbull Higher overload capabilitybull Less power demand in the motor circuit

69



ELECTRONIC CONTROL THE BRAIN OF THE DRIVE

Functioning

It receives the required speed signalIt receives user commands stop starthellipetcIt generates waveforms modulated in vector space technology It commutates the switchesIt controls the current in the motor to protect the drive and the motor from overloadsIt allows to do the necessary adjustments for one application acceleration and deceleration ramps maximum and minimum speedhellipetcIt offers output information motor current frequency start stop failure indicationhellipetc

70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES

raquo Wiring connections for 230400V motors

Small motors are designed with windings of 230Vac

Drive with 3-phasic input of 400V Control configured with the voltage and the frequency of the motor

Drive with single-phase input of 230Vac

WIRING FOR 230V MOTOR CONNECTION WIRING FOR 400V MOTOR CONNECTION

DELTA CONNECTION OF THE TERMINALS STAR CONNECTION OF THE TERMINALS

71



REGENERATION

Current operationCurrent operation Motor operationMotor operation Generator operationGenerator operation

2 1 0 -1

Generator torqueGenerator torque

Motor TorqueMotor Torque

0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72



LOADS TYPES CONSIDERATIONS

Before choosing the size of the motor and VSD it is necessary to understand the torque-speed characteristics for every single load

100100

Motor speedMotor speed

Constant TorqueConstant Torque Constant PowerConstant Power

TORQUETORQUE POWERPOWER

POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050

Magnetic field Magnetic field makes weakermakes weaker

Available TORQUE peakAvailable TORQUE peak

POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE

Motor speedMotor speed50Hz50Hz 100Hz100Hz

100100

200200

6363

Continuous TorqueContinuous Torque

(limited due to the motor (limited due to the motor cooling)cooling)

raquo Relation () between torque and power

raquo Torque loss due to motor cooling

73



BASIC LOADS TYPESConstant power load Constant power load The torque required by the load increases as the speed decreases Constant power (mills winding machines)

Constant load torque Constant load torque Constant torque at any speed (transport bands presses of printers crane and hoist hellipetc)

raquo Load at constant power raquo Load at constant torque

Required resistant torque

Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for

intermittent operation

Area for continuous operation

Available torque peak

TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque


Area for intermittent operation


74



TORQUE ndash SPEED RELATIONSHIP

raquo Torque proportional to the Speed raquo Torque proportional to the Square of the Speed

Available torque peak Area of


Area of continuous operation

TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque

Resistant torque required

Speed Resistant torque required

TO

RQ

UE


Area of intermittent operationArea of continuous

operation

Continuous torque

Speed

Thanks for your attention

PresentationVariable Speed Drives in Pumping Systems AdvantagesSpeed Control in Induction Motors

RealizationPilar Navarro

OrganizationMarketing Department

wwwpower-electronicscomcopy2006 Power Electronics Espantildea SL

2

Variable Speed Drive in Pumping StationsADVANTAGES1

PART 1

3


1 Introduction









4


5



1 INTRODUCTION


6


2

7


A Input Filters

B Input Chokes

C Protection Degree



F VSD Applications



[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

8





A INPUT FILTERS



9


A INPUT FILTERS



10


A INPUT FILTERS




11

CABLE LENGTH

A INPUT FILTERS





12


B INPUT CHOKES




13


B INPUT CHOKES




14


C PROTECTION DEGREE





15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






3


1 Introduction









4


5



1 INTRODUCTION


6


2

7


A Input Filters

B Input Chokes

C Protection Degree



F VSD Applications



[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

8





A INPUT FILTERS



9


A INPUT FILTERS



10


A INPUT FILTERS




11

CABLE LENGTH

A INPUT FILTERS





12


B INPUT CHOKES




13


B INPUT CHOKES




14


C PROTECTION DEGREE





15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






4


5



1 INTRODUCTION


6


2

7


A Input Filters

B Input Chokes

C Protection Degree



F VSD Applications



[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

8





A INPUT FILTERS



9


A INPUT FILTERS



10


A INPUT FILTERS




11

CABLE LENGTH

A INPUT FILTERS





12


B INPUT CHOKES




13


B INPUT CHOKES




14


C PROTECTION DEGREE





15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






5



1 INTRODUCTION


6


2

7


A Input Filters

B Input Chokes

C Protection Degree



F VSD Applications



[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

8





A INPUT FILTERS



9


A INPUT FILTERS



10


A INPUT FILTERS




11

CABLE LENGTH

A INPUT FILTERS





12


B INPUT CHOKES




13


B INPUT CHOKES




14


C PROTECTION DEGREE





15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






6


2

7


A Input Filters

B Input Chokes

C Protection Degree



F VSD Applications



[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

8





A INPUT FILTERS



9


A INPUT FILTERS



10


A INPUT FILTERS




11

CABLE LENGTH

A INPUT FILTERS





12


B INPUT CHOKES




13


B INPUT CHOKES




14


C PROTECTION DEGREE





15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






7


A Input Filters

B Input Chokes

C Protection Degree



F VSD Applications



[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

8





A INPUT FILTERS



9


A INPUT FILTERS



10


A INPUT FILTERS




11

CABLE LENGTH

A INPUT FILTERS





12


B INPUT CHOKES




13


B INPUT CHOKES




14


C PROTECTION DEGREE





15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






8





A INPUT FILTERS



9


A INPUT FILTERS



10


A INPUT FILTERS




11

CABLE LENGTH

A INPUT FILTERS





12


B INPUT CHOKES




13


B INPUT CHOKES




14


C PROTECTION DEGREE





15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






9


A INPUT FILTERS



10


A INPUT FILTERS




11

CABLE LENGTH

A INPUT FILTERS





12


B INPUT CHOKES




13


B INPUT CHOKES




14


C PROTECTION DEGREE





15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






10


A INPUT FILTERS




11

CABLE LENGTH

A INPUT FILTERS





12


B INPUT CHOKES




13


B INPUT CHOKES




14


C PROTECTION DEGREE





15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






11

CABLE LENGTH

A INPUT FILTERS





12


B INPUT CHOKES




13


B INPUT CHOKES




14


C PROTECTION DEGREE





15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






12


B INPUT CHOKES




13


B INPUT CHOKES




14


C PROTECTION DEGREE





15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






13


B INPUT CHOKES




14


C PROTECTION DEGREE





15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






14


C PROTECTION DEGREE





15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






15







0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 25 50 75 400Hz

Dri

ve C

urr

ent

()

Overload peak 1 sec










16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






16







17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






17

raquo Competitors




15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC


15 kw

11 kw

CONSTANT TORQUE

VARIABLE TORQUE



Temperature 60ordmC

Temperature 70ordmC

Temperature 80ordmC



18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






18




POWER AT CONSTANT

TORQUE


PVP

MODEL A 11 15 100MODEL B 15 185 115

19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






19




CONTROL


APPLICATIONS


20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






20


21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






21




HEI

GH

T P

OW

ER A

ND

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y

H (m)

FLOW

22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






22




H

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

nnom

08 n nom

07 n nom

09 n nom

Q (ls)

23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






23




p

Q

Power

Efficiency

24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






24







H = Height (m)

Q = Flow (msup3s)

ŋ = Efficiency

25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






25




50 6070

8085

80

88

8785

87

301 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

N = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

Curves H ndash Q

System curves


26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






26


27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






27


A Valve Control





[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

[ SHOW ][ SHOW ]

28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






28










29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






29




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM


System curves


1009080706050

80 FLOW1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n

30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






30




QFLOW


1

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

POW

ER

KW

23

31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






31

B BY - PASS CONTROL





Q

FLOW

BY-PASS EFFECT

Q

HEI

GH

T

H

OPERATIONAL POINT

WITHOUT BY-PASS

POW

ER

KW

System curves


Efficiency curves


32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






32










33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






33










34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






34




STA

TIC

hei

ght 2

0 m

eter

s

Height in m H2O

n = 1480 RPM

Efficiency curves

H ndash P curves

System curves


70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

80

490 kPa

637 kPa

REFERENCE

1 X n

09 X n

08 X n

07 X n

06 X n

05 X n

04 X n 1400RPM

PID

0

35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






35




SPEED DROP

9

8

Q

HEI

GH

T

H


7

9

8

Q

FLOW

POW

ER

KW

36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






36




POWER LOSSESH

EIG

HT

VALVES SYSTEM

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

REDUCED SPEED

MISUSED POWER

USEFUL POWERSTATIC

HEIGHT

SET POINT

37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






37




FLOW ()

POWER()



38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






38




WINTERSUMMER

39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






39


5

40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






40






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






41







42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






42


PART 2

43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






43


44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






44


1 Introduction





45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






45




1 INTRODUCTION





46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






46


47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






47

INDUCTION MOTORS




48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






48

INDUCTION MOTORS




49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






49

INDUCTION MOTORS




50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






50

INDUCTION MOTORS




ROTATING FIELD

51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






51


3

52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






52





TORQUEMAXIMUMTORQUE

STARTINGTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED


MOTORCURRENT

MOTOR SPEED

STARTINGCURRENT

NO LOAD CURRENT


53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






53

SPEED CONTROL









54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






54


4

55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






55






OF NOMINALTORQUE

MOTOR SPEED

56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






56



WHY VHz CONSTANT




57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






57



WHY VHz CONSTANT



Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urre

nt


Real

cur

rent

(Tor

que)

ITTo

tal C

urren

t


cos = Power factor


58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






58



WHY VHz CONSTANT



SM Lf

EI


22

2

2

)middot(

SXR

SEI

rr



59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






59





100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE



100

OU

TPU

T VO

LTA

GE


STARTING VOLTAGE


60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






60




61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






61



INVERTER CIRCUIT


62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






62





Transistor current

Free flow current


63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






63





CARRIER WAVE






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






64








65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






65









66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






66






V

C

N

VA

VE




67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






67





Small pulsate pairs




68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






68








69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






69




Functioning


70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






70



MONOPHASIC DEVICES







71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






71



REGENERATION


2 1 0 -1



0

N2 N1 speedspeed

slipslip

+ve+ve-ve-ve

torquetorque+

ve+ve

72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






72





100100




POW

ERPO

WER

TORQUE

TORQUE

100100 200200

5050



POW

ERPO

WERTO

RQUE

TORQ

UE


100100

200200

6363





73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






73







Continuous torque

TO

RQ

UE Area for




TO

RQ

UE Area for



Continuous torque




74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






74








TO

RQ

UE

Continuous torque



TO

RQ

UE



operation

Continuous torque

Speed






part 1 variable speed drive in pumping stations: advantages part 2 speed control in induction motors

Documents