part 3 conference co-chairman 2: dr. normah abdul latip 6 part 4...

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3rd International Conference on Materials Engineering & Science

(IConMEAS 2020)

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

December 28-‐30, 2020

IConMEAS 2020 is the premier forum for the presentation of new advances and research results in the fields of the Materials Engineering and Science. The

conference will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world.

The main objective of IConMEAS 2020 is to provide a comprehensive global forum for experts and participants from academia and Industry to exchange ideas and

present results of ongoing research. Researchers and practitioners were invited to submit their contributions to IConMEAS 2020.

www.iconeas.com

www.fb.com/iconeas

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART PAGE PART 1 Honorary Chair: Prof. Dr. Ali Abdulaziz Alshawi 4 [President of Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] PART 1 Conference Advisor: Prof. Dr. Omar F. Abulrasheed 4 [Deputy President of Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] PART 2 Conference Chairman: Dr. Omar S. Dahham 5 [Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP-Malaysia]

PART 3 Conference Co-Chairman 1: Dr. Ahmed R. Al-Hamaoy 6 [Al-Nahrain University - Iraq] PART 3 Conference Co-Chairman 2: Dr. Normah Abdul Latip 6 [Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) - Malaysia]

PART 4 Conference Organizers: Al-Nahrain University – Iraq 7 Universiti Malaysia Perlis – Malaysia University of Science Malaysia – Malaysia Mie University – Japan

PART 5 Conference Sponsors: Logistic Support 8 Publishing Support

PART 6 Keynote Speakers Prof. Dr. Dermot Brabazon 9 [Dublin City University, Ireland] Prof. Dr. Basim O. Hasan [Al-Nahrain University, Iraq] Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Nik Noriman Zulkepli [Universiti Malaysia Perlis - Malaysia] PART 7 Invited Speakers Prof. Dr. Ahmed Waheed Mustafa 10 [Al-Nahrain Univ., Iraq] Dr. Rosniza Hamzah [Universiti Malaysia Perlis - Malaysia] Dr. Abdulkader Al-Akrach [Qasyoun University, Syria] Dr. Hala Salman Hasan [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq]

PART 8 Conference Committee International Advisory Board 11

PART 9 Conference Committee Scientific Committee 12

PART 10 Conference Committee Technical Committee 13

PART 10 Conference Committee Secretary 13

PART 11 List of Abstract 14

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PART 1:

Honorary Chair

Prof. Dr. Ali Abdulaziz Alshawi [President of Al-Nahrain University – Iraq]

Conference Advisor

Prof. Dr. Omar F. Abulrasheed

[Deputy President for Scientific Affair, Al-Nahrain University – Iraq]

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PART 2: Conference Chairman

On behalf of the organizing committee, we are pleased to announce that the 3rd International

Conference on Materials Engineering and Science (IConMEAS 2020) will be held from December 28 to 30, 2020 at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. IConMEAS 2020 aims to provide an

outstanding international academic forum for researchers to present the latest research findings and describe emerging technologies, and advancement in Materials Engineering and Science

topics under the theme

(Insight on the Current Research in Materials Engineering and Science). The conference aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and students to

exchange and share their knowledge and experiences in many aspects. It also provides the premier interdisciplinary forum for scientists, engineers, and postgraduate students to present

their latest research results, proposals, and applications in all areas of Materials Engineering and Sciences.

The conference’s goal is to provide a colorful international platform and to encourage face-to-face discussions, connections and exchange ideas between the scholars and scientists.

Hope to meet you at this international event

Dr. Omar Sabbar Dahham

[Universiti Malaysia Perlis – Malaysia]

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PART 3:

Co-Chairman 1

Dr. Ahmed R. Al-Hamaoy

[Al-Nahrain University -Iraq]

Co-Chairman 2

Dr. Normah Abdul Latip

[Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) – Malaysia]

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PART 4: Conference Organizers:

• Al-Nahrain University – Iraq

• Universiti Malaysia Perlis – Malaysia

• Universiti Sains Malaysia – Malaysia

• MIE University – Japan

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PART 5:

Conference Sponsors

Logistic Support:

• Earthlink – Iraq

• JV Heritage – Malaysia

Publishing Support:

• Elsevier – Netherlands

• Tech Science Press - USA

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PART 6: Keynote Speakers

Prof. Dr. Dermot Brabazon

[Dublin City University, Ireland]

Prof. Dr. Basim O. Hasan

[Al-Nahrain University, Iraq]

Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Nik Noriman Zulkepli

[Universiti Malaysia Perlis - Malaysia]

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PART 7:

Invited Speaker

Prof. Dr. Ahmed Waheed Mustafa

[Al-Nahrain Univ., Iraq]

Dr. Abdulkader Al-Akrach

[Qasyoun University, Syria]

Dr. Hala Salman Hasan [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq]

Dr. Rosniza Hamzah [Universiti Malaysia Perlis - Malaysia]

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PART 8: Conference Committee

International Advisory Board:

• Prof. Dr. Omar F. Abulrasheed [Deputy President for Scientific Affair, Al-Nahrain University – Iraq]

• Prof. Dr. Uda Bin Hashim [Deputy Vice-Chancellor – Research & Innovation, UniMAP – Malaysia]

• Assist. Prof. Dr. Muhammad A. Muhammad [Deputy President for Administrative Affairs, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq]

• Prof. Dr. Abduljabar N. Khalifa [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] • Prof. Dr. Bassam G. Rasheed [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] • Prof. Dr. Evan T. Salim, [University of Technology Baghdad – Iraq] • Prof. Dr. Azura Bt. A. Rashid [USM – Malaysia] • Prof. Dr. Shinji Tsuruoka [Mie University, Japan] • Prof. Dr.Hideo Kobaysasi [Mie University, Japan] • Prof. Yoshihiko Nomura [Mie University, Japan] • Prof. Hirokazu Matsui [Mie University, Japan] • Dr. Mohammed Juma Al Kharousi [Deputy Dean, Rustaq College – Oman] • Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sherzod Rustamovic Turaev [University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and

Herzegovina] • Assoc. Prof. Dr. Panjai Tantatsanawong [Silpakorn University, Thailand]

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PART 9: Scientific Committee:

• Dr. Mohd Firdaus Omar, [Dean of Materials Engineering School, UniMAP – Malaysia] • Prof. Dr. Qusay F. Abdul Hameed Alsahly, [Chemical Engineering Department,

University of Technology Baghdad – Iraq] • Prof. Dr. Ali Hussein Ataiwi [Material Engineering Department, University of

Technology Baghdad – Iraq] • Prof. Dr. Raad Sami Fyath [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] • Prof. Dr. Basim O. Hasan [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] • Prof. Dr. Kareem K. Mohammad [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq]

Prof. Dr. Noor M. Ali [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] • Prof. Dr. Ahmed Waheed Mustafa [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] • Prof. Dr. Oday A. Hussein [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] • Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham Wiheeb [University of Diyala – Iraq] • Prof. Dr. Ali Sabea Hammood [University of Kufa – Iraq] • Assoc Prof. Dr. Mohammed A Alsaadi [University of Nizwa – Oman] • Assist. Prof. Dr. Alaa Abdulhady Jaber [Director of scientific affairs and cultural relations

department, university of technology – Iraq] • Assist. Prof. Dr. Ahmed S. Ali [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] • Assist. Prof. Dr. Hala S. Hasan [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] • Assist. Prof. Dr. Hayder B. Sahib [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] • Asst. Prof. Dr. Makram A. Fakhri [Laser Engineering Department, University of

Technology Baghdad – Iraq] • Assoc. Prof. Dr. Awad Al-rashdi [Umm Al-Qura University – Saudi Arabia] • Assist. Prof. Wail Yas Naser [Univerdity of technology – Iraq] • Dr. Ahmed Jabas [Shaqra University – Saudi Arabia] • Dr. Syahrul Affandi Saidi [UniMAP – Malaysia] • Dr. Rosniza Hamzah [UniMAP – Malaysia] • Dr. Tijjani Adam [UniMAP – Malaysia] • Dr. Sam Sung Ting [UniMAP – Malaysia] • Dr. Abdulkader Mohammed Alakrash [UniMAP – Malaysia] • Dr. Mohammad Fares [Rustaq college – Oman] • Dr. Ayman El Sharkawey [Kuwait University – Kuwait] • Dr. Mohammed R. Baker [Gazi University – Turkey] • Dr. Abduati Elnaid [High institue of Sciences and Technology, Libya]

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PART 10: Technical Committee:

• Dr. Rasool Hisham Al-Saadi [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] • Mrs. Shaimaa Abbas Sharaf Ali [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] • Mr. Husam Nameer Abdulsalam [Al-Nahrain University – Iraq] • Mr. Laith Amjad Hameed [University of Samarra – Iraq] • Mr. Yasser M Tabana [University of Alberta – Canada] • Mr. Nazar J. Hussein [Kent State University – USA] • Mr. Saif Najim Ismail [UniMAP – Malaysia] • Ms. Elaf Al Taha [University of Leeds – UK]

Secretary

• Ms. Haliza Jaya [UniMAP – Malaysia] • Ms. Aini Asifa Ahmad Kamal [UniMAP – Malaysia]

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PART 11: List of Abstract

Acceptance Number: 001

Synthesis and Physical properties of Nanocomposite gold nanoparticles attached to graphen quantum dots prepared by laser ablation

Rafal Hameed Ministry of Education, kar3, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Gold nanoparticles attached to graphene quantum dots (AuNPs@GQDs) are successfully prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid medium (PLAL) using 1064 nm wavelength Nd:YAG laser in de-ionized water medium, without using any chemical assistance or purification process. Gold nanoparticles and graphene quantum dots are prepared separately then mixed together and re-irradiating with the same laser. Structural measure ments (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis) reveal the chemical structure of nanoparticles and the results approvrd the formation of nanocomposite. To investigate the optical properties, UV-VIS spectrum and photolumenance PL are measured too and shows a red shift after mixing the Au NPS with GQDs colloidal , Transmission electron microscopy TEM images exhibit the gold nanoparticles with size rang (10-18)nm are attached non-covalently with graphene quantum dots by van der walls attraction to form core-shell structure. This size rang with high purity and low chemical hazards is specifically optimal and useful for biomedical application and developing biosensors in addition to their electronic applications.

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The recent development of 3D printing in developing lower-leg exoskeleton: A Review Kamila Batkuldinova a , Anuar Abilgaziyev a , Md. Hazrat Ali a

a SEDS, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan

Abstract. The research in wearable lower limb exoskeletons is showing an increasing interest in the last few years. An exoskeleton is a structure that helps paralyzed patients stand and walk. Nowadays, wearable exoskeletons have a growing interest in healthcare, as they help make patient's rehabilitation process more comfortable and more natural. External exoskeletons help people recover after accidents; they may help older people keep their habitual lives. Besides, they can be used for constructors, army soldiers, and workers to reduce the possibility of a work injury, making the work process less painful and tiring as they help distribute the load evenly. This review paper presents current techniques and methods implemented in medical rehabilitation. The work briefly describes the main types of medical exoskeletons, their technical characteristics, main features, and the detailed connection to the area's existing trends. The study also focused on the development of 3D printed leg exoskeletons, their drawbacks, fabricating challenges, and prospects. Various methods that are being developed may influence and increase the potential of 3D printed leg exoskeletons for biomedical applications. The application of 3D printing in rehabilitation opens the opportunity to decrease the weight and the development cost of the exoskeletons, as well as make human rehabilitation more affordable.

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The influence of waste of concrete masonry units as coarse aggregate on concrete properties Hadeel R. Khatab a , Mohanad I.A. AL-Samaraieb , Zaid Q. Mohammedb , Abdullah A. ALSamaraiea 1

aUniversity of Samarra, College of Engineering, Samarra, Iraq b Sunny endowment directorate, Samarra, Iraq

Abstract. The world population and urbanization growing has noticeably increased the demand for new factories and housing units. As well as, huge amounts of waste generated by the buildings destroyed as a result of the wars in Iraq which is causing serious environmental pollution including a landfilling and disposal problem. One of the solutions to solve this problem is reusing the wastes of construction and demolition as aggregate to produce new concrete. The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of using crushed concrete masonry units (CMU) with different contents (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) as coarse aggregate on the structural performance of the new concrete under compressive, flexural, and tensile loading in comparison with concrete made with natural aggregate. The wastes of the hollow CMU were used and collected from three different sources. Test results showed that the workability of new concrete decreased with increasing in CMU content. The compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths of new concrete were affected by recycled coarse aggregate content. In general, the strength of new concrete can be 1–30% lower than that of concrete made with natural coarse aggregate. Based on the test results, the new concrete can be used for structural purposes, but caution is advised mainly when exceeding the absolute volume replacement percentage of coarse aggregate by CMU of 40%.

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Material minimization in 3D printing with novel hybrid cellular structures Md. Hazrat Alia , Sagidolla Bataia , Dulat Karima

aDept.of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, SEDS, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan

Abstract. As 3D printing gets more popular in many industrial areas, 3D printing researchers have focused mainly on designing and developing cellular structures for material minimization and better mechanical performances. In the present paper, twelve samples were fabricated by fused deposition modeling in PLA, and corresponding numerical simulations for each sample are implemented in Abaqus/Explicit. As the honeycomb structures and the re-entrant structures are impressive due to desirable mechanical performances and light-weight, much research has been carried out. Some researchers attempted to come up with new hybrid structures by combining the honeycomb and re-entrant auxetic. In this study, two new hybrid structures are developed, studied, and compared with basic structures with respect to the mechanical properties both experimentally and numerically. According to the experiment and numerical simulation results, the newly-designed hybrid structures are of better mechanical performances than the basic honeycomb and the re-entrant auxetic separately. During the fabrication of the samples, the material of 18g, 14g, 10g, and 14g in amount was used for H_A, H_B, honeycomb as well as re-entrant auxetic, respectively. According to the stress-strain curve, the former two show better performance. Therefore, the material during 3D printing can be minimized by changing the inner structure of the objects being printed.

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Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Benzimidazole Derivative: Solvatochromic and

Acid-Base Indicator Applications Kamal Rashid Al- Jorania , Ruba Fahmi Abbas*b1 , Ali Amer Wahebc

aWasit University, Department of Chemistry, College of Science b,cMustansiriyah University, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Iraq

Abstract. (3E)-3-[2-(4-acetylphenyl) hydrazinylidene][1, 3] thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-2(3H)-one PAHTBIO compound was successfully synthesized from the new TBIO substrate and characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and Mass Spectral Data. Then study of UV-Visible spectra in the pH range 1.4-11.8 together with the study of mechanism of the deprotonation of PAHTBIO. Solvatochromism of PAHTBIO was studied in the following solvents: DMF, DMSO, n-butanol and ethanol. The color of PAHTBIO in DMF solvent was changed from colourless to yellow after adding Na2CO3 and NaOH solutions. The PAHTBIO a good acid-base indicator because of easy preparation with high yield and sensitivity, It could also be used as a new indicator in laboratory experiments of analytical chemistry.

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Potentiometric Studies on Bioactive Material Species of Ternary Complexes in SLS-Water

mixtures P. Seetharam1*, M. Balakrishna2 M. Ramanaiah3 and B. B. V. Sailaja4

1Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram535005.

2Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram535005.

3Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, Tekkli, Srikakulm-53220

1 4Associate Professor, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam530003.

Abstract. Chemical speciation plays key role in understanding the physiological and biological aspects of metal ions and ligands in human body. The complexation of essential metal ions with Glycylglycine (GG) and Histamine (Him) in Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) has been presented in this study. The complexes formed in the present study are MLXH2, ML2XH2 and MLX2H3. The Skewness values in the present study are from -0.05 to 0.84 for Ca(II), 0.03 to 0.93 for Mg(II) and 0.45 to 1.34 for Zn(II) and the χ2 values obtained the present study are ranging from 7.82-50.37 for Ca(II), 6.18-37.45 for Mg (II) and15.69-143.67 for Zn(II). A very low standard deviation in log β values indicates the precision of the parameters. The advanced principles of mathematics and fuzzy logic have been employed to correlate chemical problems, which is called chemo metrics. In the present investigation potentiometer is used for analysis and the results obtained in the study have been processed through Gran plot method, SCPHD is used for best fit chemical model and MINIQUAD75 is used for refinement of results. An experiment has been conducted to understand the distribution of species, effect of surfactant on stability constants of ternary complexes, effect of influential parameters like concentration of alkali, acid, ligands and metal ions on the stability constants.

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Prediction of Modified Asphalt Concrete Rutting Depth Using Statistical Model Estabraq N. Ezzata and Alaa H. Abedb

1 aHighways and Transportation Engineering Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: [email protected] or [email protected] bCivil Engineering Department, Al-

Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: [email protected]

Abstract. Permanent deformation is considered one of the main distresses in flexible pavement. It can be defined as the accumulation of unrecoverable strains under the wheel paths as a result of applied load. The main objectives of this research is firstly to study the effect of using (SBS) (Styrene Butadiene Styrene) as elastomer polymers and (PVC) (Polyvinyl Chloride) as plastomer polymers on performance grade of asphalt binder and secondly to predict the deformations that produced in asphalt pavement related to the structure of the pavement, climate condition and load traffic. In this study, 2% and 4% of PVC were added for both neat asphalt and asphalt modified with 2 % SBS. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) device was used to achieve the performance grade (PG) of modified asphalt binder whereas roller compactor and wheel track devices were used to assess rut depth. The model has been developed from the data which gathered by experimental tests for permanent deformations with independent variables such as: number of cycles, viscosity according to the type of additive, aggregates gradation and degree of temperature by using SPSS software. The results demonstrated that the PG of the neat asphalt binder increased by three and four degrees when 2% and 4% of PVC were added to asphalt modified with 2% of SBS respectively, while it increased by one and two degrees when 2% and 4% of PVC were added to the neat asphalt respectively but it increased by two degrees when added 2% of SBS to the neat asphalt binder. From the results which were obtained from the analysis of sensitivity, it is appeared that the temperature significantly influences on rut depth of the pavement. Also, the results showed that the increasing of coarse aggregate percentage in a mix will cause an increasing in the depth of rut. Furthermore, it is found that increasing percentages of polymers types led to increase asphalt viscosity and as a results the rut depth of asphaltic mixture will be reduced.

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Antibacterial activity of In2O3 nanopowders prepared by hydrothermal method Zahra A. Husaina , Alaa A. Majeeda , Rashed T. Rasheeda , Hadeel S. Mansoorb , Nehia N. Husseinc

aApplied Chemistry Division, School of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq b Material Sciences Division, School of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq c Biotechnology Division,

School of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Indium oxide (In2O3 ) nanopowders were prepared using hydrothermal method and the nanopowders were further annealed at temperature of 400 oC. The synthesized powders were characterized by different methods such as, FT-IR spectrometer, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), spectroscopy of Ultra-violet/visible, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and the microscopic techniques of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The effect of In2O3 nanopowder was tested against two types of pathogenic bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus (G+ve), and E. coli (G-ve). The results demonstrated that the In2O3 nanopowders have a powerful antibacterial activity and, hence, can be used in the treatment of infections with both of these bacterial species.

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Improving the Extraction of Sulfur-Containing Compounds from Fuel using Surfactant Material in a Digital Baffle Reactor

Saad A. Jafar1,a, Amer T. Nawaf2,b*, Jasim I. Humadi3,c 1, 2, 3Petroleum & Gas Refinery Engineering, College of Petroleum Process Engineering, Tikrit University-Iraq a

Email: [email protected] b,* Email: [email protected] c Email: [email protected]

Abstract. Extraction desulfurization process (EDP) for dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model light gas oil (LGO) improved using solvent mixture with new surfactant material (sodium thiosulfate) in digital baffle batch reactor (DBBR). Surfactant material was help increase extraction surface through increase dispersion of solvent in LGO. Reactor design was the best designer where negligible region of died zone in the reactor, rotation of fuel beside of wall, because adding the baffle on the wall. The blade design was distributes hexagonal holes that help liquid cross with solvent and this increases mixing and mass transfer DBT from model LGO to solvent. Operational conditions effects on extractive desulfurization process (EDP) it’s found such as solvent mixture (methanol, ethanol and toluene) to LGO model ratio, speed of impeller, extraction temperature, extraction time and effect surfactant were explored. Optimal experimental results represented that the extraction conditions were; (methanol=10 ml, ethanol=10 ml, toluene=10 ml and volume of cocktail solvent equal to 30 ml MET))/model of LGO ratio speed of impeller 450 rpm, extraction time 21 min and extraction temperature 85 oC. Maximum DBT removal from model LGO was obtained at 89.8%, at this operating condition. Higher polarity of DBT was obtained when solvent used 30 ml MET. For removal dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model light gas oil, the results indicate that the extraction desulfurization process is suitable method to improve fuel quality.

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Outdoor Aerosol Characterization in two places (Urban and Rural Measurements) Mostafa Y.A Mostafaa,b*, Khalaf Hyama,b* , Mona Moustafaa , Abdel-Rahman Ahmeda , and Amer

Mohameda aPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt bUral Federal University, Mira St.19,

620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia.

Abstract. In the present work, Particulate Matter (PM) elemental composition and mass size distribution were examined in rural and urban sites at El-Minia governorate, Upper Egypt. Aerosol particles are collected with cascade impactor (Low pressure Berner Type). Seven elements are investigated with atomic absorption spectroscopy technique (Fe, Ca, K, Ba, Cu, Mn and Pb). Five Measurements are performed in each site rural (El-sharyna village) and urban (Maghagha city). During the sampling, meteorological parameters such as temperature and relative humidity were registered by a thermo hygrometer Hi 8564. Abimodal log normal size distribution corresponding to accumulation and coarse modes are established for elementals and PM. In the present study, the mean aerosols mass concentration (265±16 µg/m3 in urban and 300±17 µg/m3 in rural). These values excess the WHO primary (80 µg/m3 ) and secondary (60 µg/m3 ) standards during the four seasons. Also, they excess the annual average of the Egyptian Ambient Air Quality Standard (90 µg/m3 ). The mass concentrations for elements changed from 0.6 ng/m3 (for Ba) to 109 ng/m3 (for Fe) in the rural site. While in the urban site is ranged from 0.05 ng/m3 (for Ba) to 97 ng/m3 (for Fe). The mean elements mass concentrations are founded Fe (97-109), Ca (0.29-1.6), K (2.6-40.3), Cu (0.39-1.7), Mn (2.97-6.41), Pb (0.39-0.71), and Ba (0.11-0.4) ng/m3 for the urban and rural sites respectively.

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Strengthening of One-Way Reinforced Concrete Slabs using Near Surface Mounted Bars Hayder Hussein Kamonnaa , Douaa Jacoub Abd Al-Sadab1

aCivil Engineering, Kufa Univ. Najaf 00964, Iraq bM.Sc. Student, Civil Engineering, Kufa Univ. Najaf 00964, Iraq

Abstract. In this work, an experimental study on the performance of continuous one-way RC slabs strengthened by near surface mounted (NSM) bars under static loads is presented. Seven slab specimens were cast, with 2400 mm total length, 500 mm width and 100 mm thickness. The first specimen slab had no strengthening and considered as a control and the other six specimens were strengthened with either different embedded lengths of near-surface mounted bars; or using different bars spacing, adopting a different material type of bars, or adding steel plates as end-anchors to prevent unexpected premature failure that may occur by debonding of steel bars. Tests were done under two-point loads that centered at each span of 1100 mm length. Results were discussed in terms of ultimate loads, crack width, cracking, failure mode and load-deflection curves. The results of experimental tests showed enhancement on the ultimate load when using near-surface mounted steel bars ranged between (156.25%) and (225%). Steel bars may give a more efficient contribution than CFRP bars when it is used in the strengthening of the negative moment region of continuous one-way slabs due to its high ductility. In addition, adopting end-anchors considerably restricted the crack width in the negative moment zone.

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Parameters Analysis in wire electrical discharge machine process of Titanium Alloys with

Dielectric Alumina a,c Faculty of Mechanical. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Malaysia b Production engineering.

University of technology Iraq. Iraq

Abstract. It is difficult to machine conventional titanium for alloys, sintered titanium due to its Extremely precise strength, corrosion resistance and consider enormous applications in aerospace elements. Wire Cut Electric Machining has been among the most non-traditional methods. in the world due to its unique nature in produces components that are difficult to machine such as, Titanium, carbide tungsten and Inconel, etc. In the current work, the machining on alloys titanium using dielectric Nanopowder alumina(Al203) on the machine is studied for electrical discharge wire cutting. Wire cut electrical discharge machines have different input Pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current, and sparkling gap voltage, such as material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) to investigate the output response. In this context, an design of experimental (DOE), based on Box Behnken Design (BBD) (4 factors, level 2), was applied to test the machining capability of titanium. Machining parameters like a pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current and distance tension have an immense effect on output reactions and these input parameters provide optimum conditions to obtain the best output reactions using a Box Behnken Design. It is found that the intensity of the process dielectric fluid pressure with nanopowder to have much of an influence on the improved surface roughness the highest value was obtained in the material removal rate(6.08 mm3 /min), as well as the surface roughness(2.87 µm), and this is considered an improvement rate of 95% according to the statistical analysis (ANOVA).

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Impact response of composite laminates based on epoxy and glass fibre

Nassier A. Nassira *, Mohammed R. Gharkana aMaterials Engineering Deptment, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Initially, the behavior of the glass fibre reinforced epoxy (GF/Epoxy) composites under low velocity impact loading was investigated experimentally. The experimental data were then compared with the corresponding numerical results to validate a number of finite element models. Here, simulations were developed, using ABAQUS/Explicit software, to predict the response of these composite laminates under impact loading. The composite plates were modelled using Hashin failure criteria. The result showed that the developed FE models were correlated well with data obtained experimentally. The influence of parameters, i.e. impact energy, indentor diameter and impact velocity on the behavior of GF/Epoxy plates were then investigated numerically. The results have shown that the values of peak force and absorbed energy increase with the impact energy. Increasing the projectile diameter leads to increase the values of peak force, maximum displacement, duration time and perforation energy. It has also shown that the peak forces show no dependency on the impact velocity and the values of absorbed energy values show a noticed reduction as the impact velocity increases.

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Hybrid Nanofluid to Improve Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Through Horizontal Tube

Hanan Mohamad Akbara,*, Asan Suad Mohammeda , Sarah Burhan Ezzata aNorthern Technical University, IRAQ.

Abstract. In order to examine the hybrid nanofluid heat transfer, experiments are performed in a horizontal heated tube. The mixtures of alumina and titania solid nanoparticles into pure water are considered to enhance heat transfer. The preparation of hybrid nanofluid has been conducted with different volume concentration from 0.5% to 2% and size of diameter of 30 to 45nm and thermal properties have been measured experimentally. The pressure drop and heat transfer through the test rig are studied. Reynolds number and volume flow rates are measured in the range of 500 to 1700 and 0.6 to 4.5 liter per minute respectively. Results show that the pressure drop decreases with increase of the volume flow rate and slightly increases with increasing of the hybrid nanofluid volume concentration. Furthermore, heat transfer enhancement increases by increasing of hybrid nanofluid volume concentration and volume flow rate. It was observed that the low volume concentrations of hybrid nanofluid application can enhance heat transfer to 30% as compared with pure water.

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Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals for Environmental and Agricultural Assessment in Badinan province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Mustafa Ismail Umer a , Mohammed Younis Fatah 1b , Hasan Ramadhan Abdo 2b , Nijyar Abdulaziz Karim 3b , Redar Nabil Abdulrahman c

a Soil & Water Department. College of Agricultural Science Engineering. Duhok University. Duhok city 42001, Kurdistan Region. Iraq bDuhok Environmental Directorate, Duhok city 42001, Kurdistan Region. Iraq c Directorate

of metrology and seismology, Duhok city 42001, Kurdistan Region. Iraq

Abstract. The agricultural soil that widely is cultivated by wheat crops in the main 30 districts in Badinan province of Duhok governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan region was analyzed for the heavy metals spatial distribution, and there environmental and agricultural impacts for human being and plants. The result revealed that the maximum range of Nickel was not exceeding 400 mg.kg-1 which is safe according to USA standard. In spite of high total Iron in Badinan soils that are aerobic and have high pH, Fe is readily oxidized, and converted to insoluble ferric oxides to be unavailable for plants. Lead and Cobalt are very low in all 30 sectors of Badinan province except lead in Duhok center exceeds 100 mg.kg-1 as it affected greatly by pollution. Cupper content in soil samples is an adequate of most plants cultivation and lie within the permissible limits. Cromium heavy metal concentered along Zakho district to the Duhok city, although it not exceeds hazardous ranges. The Zinc concentration in Badinan soils is between 40-120 mg.kg-1 and locates in sufficiency range of most crop and vegetables requirements. Cadmiumd fortunately, is very low and not exceeds 0.75 mg.kg-1 in in all sectors in Badinan. Badinan soils contain high amounts of Manganese 350 to 650 mg.kg-1 , but the available parts are very low as it bind firmly to soil colloidal system. Badinan soils are rich with Aluminum but locate within permissible limits and called as an innocent compound due to its rare toxic cases for human being.

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Synthesis of Intumescent Materials by Alkali Activation of Glass Waste using Intercalated Graphite Additions

Taha H. Abood Al-Saadia , Shyma Hameed Mohammadb , Entihaa G. Dawayc , Mohanad Kadhim Mejbeld *

a,b,c,d Materials Techniques Engineering Department, Engineering Technical College – Baghdad, Middle Technical University (MTU), Iraq.

Abstract. Intumescent materials are defined as the ability to swell when they are subjected to fire or thermal treatment. This paper presents the preparation of geopolymer pastes from glass waste powder without/with intercalated graphite (IG) powder (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) wt.% additions by 5M NaOH solution alkali activation. The Intercalated Graphite (IG) was prepared by mixing graphite powder (G) with Nitric Acid and Potassium permanganate in weight ratio (1:2:1) for 3 min. A thermal treatment was subjected to the hardened pastes between 400 °C and 800 °C, for 60 minutes to achieve a favorable porous microstructure. The result values of compressive strength were between 10 and 25 MPa. During the thermal treatment, a mass loss for all prepared paste specimens, ranging from 5.69 - 10.2% for the TG-N5 sample and between 8.27-9.4%, 7.06-11.02%, 8.12-9.97% for the (TGIG1-N5, TGIG2- N5 and TGIG3-N5) samples respectively the intercalated graphite additions recorded a decrease in the initial temperature of swelling at 500 °C (i.e. determined the swelling at temperature below 100 oC ) as compared with the composition without addition, lightweight and volume increase of the specimens as well as the porosity (closed pores with various shapes and sizes) due to the intumescence process. Consequently, this type of materials could be used for fire protection in buildings, providing thermal and acoustic insulations or sealing the penetrations in walls preventing fire extension to adjacent rooms.

30


New magnesio-thermal reduction technique to produce high-purity crystalline nano-silicon via semi-batch reactor

Sami A. Ajeela , Khalid A. Sukkarb* , and Naser K. Zedina

a Production Engineering and Metallurgy Department, University of Technology, Iraq b Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Iraq *Corresponding author email: [email protected]

*ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2024-2093

Abstract. The production of high-purity crystalline nano-silicon from natural sources is one of the most difficult tasks due to the complexity of the process and its expense. In the present investigation, high-purity crystalline nano-silicon was produced from rice husk via a modified magnesiothermic technique. In this technique, a stainless steel semi-batch reactor was constructed to carry out the reduction process. The reduction was achieved at different reaction temperatures (i.e., 600, 700 and 800°C) under a continuous flow of argon gas. The obtained powder was leached with HCl, HF: CH3COOH, and HF solutions. The structural properties of the obtained silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) were analyzed and measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the size of the obtained particles was calculated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The XRF results indicated that the best reduction temperature for the production of high-purity nano-silicon was 800°C, which showed a purity of 99.923%. While at 600°C and 700°C the purity was 98.471 and 99.908, respectively. Also, the purity of the produced silica by the precipitation method was 99.9%. Furthermore, the results indicated that the leaching processes with HCl and HF: CH3COOH solutions played a key role in determining the quality of the final prepared nano-silicon. The prepared nano-silicon had a highpurity polycrystalline structure with a particle size of 95.4 nm. Finally, this cost-effective technique synthesized a high-purity nano-silicon with simple operation in a semi-batch reactor.

31


Investigation of the Useability of Polyester Protective Cover for PVDF-based Polymer Gel Electrolytes

Mohammed A. M. Al Saada , , Raid Khider Salman b , Nibras Mal Allah Ibrahimc

a Department of Communication & Computer Engineering, Cihan University - Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Email: [email protected] bPhysics Dept./ College of Education for Pure Science/ University of

Anbar / Iraq / ORCID: 0000-0002-6042-7458 / Email: [email protected] cGeneral Directorate of Salah Al-Din Education - Department of Dor Education

Abstract. Different techniques were used to investigate the possibility of using polyester thin film as a heat-protective cover for polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-gel samples, in an attempt to stop or reduce solvent loss during thermal analyses. Two experimental techniques were used for this goal; namely hot polarized optical microscopy and hot wide-angle x-ray spectroscopy (WAXs). The measurements were taken using various configurations and conditions in the experimental techniques to check the usability of the polyester as a container-protective cover when the PGE samples undergo high heating loads. The results showed a significant effect on PVDF-gel electrolytes transparency, but no morphology changes were detected. This a good indication that encourages using this type of protective film in different applications such as Liion batteries.

32


Improvement of Removal Efficiency of Water Supply Plant by Using Polyelectrolyte Type LT-22 with Alum

Ahmed Khaleel Ibrahima,1

aDepartment of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Iraq

Abstract. This study examined the effect of using the industrial coagulant of Polyelectrolyte type LT-22 and comparing it with the use of alum. A series of Jar tests were performed on raw water of 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) using different doses of alum and fixed doses of industrial coagulant of Polyelectrolyte. The final turbidity and pH were measured after sedimentation. The results showed that the use of the Polyelectrolyte with alum is better than the use of alum alone, and adding of the Polyelectrolyte to alum is more effective at 80 NTU, as compared with the use of alum alone. The results of using the Polyelectrolyte with alum gave similar results when using the alum alone at 10 NTU. The rate of decrease in pH when using the polyelectrolyte with alum was higher than when using alum alone. The use of the Polyelectrolyte with alum also created clear large-sized flocculants that are easy to settle at the end of the slow mixing period, that is, after 30 minutes.

33


Characterization of Polymer Based Composite Using Neuro-Fuzzy Model

Safaa A.S. Almtori1 , ImadO.Bachi Al-Fahad2 , AtheedHabeebTahaAl-temimi3 and A.K.Jassim4

1,2,3MaterialsEngineeringDepartment, College of Engineering, University of Basra, Iraq, Basra 4Research & Development Department, The state company for Iron and Steel,Iraq,Basra

Abstract. Dealing with a large quantity of waste useless tires can be considered as a big challenge nowadays. There are huge problems affected on the green world because it is non-biodegradable materials and pose a significant environmental problem. The aim of this work is to prevent the air and soil pollution that generated from burning the huge quantity of waste tires(natural and styrenebutadiene rubber) to derive fuel in cement kilns, paper mills, power plants and manufacturing hump and gymnasium floor. It is present as a valuable resource to prepare useful composite materials by mixing liner polymer of high density polyethylene with crosslink hard mulch (its area nearly 20mm²) waste tires with percentage of 0, 17, 29, 38, 44, 50, 75, 85 and 90 % . The average of three tests for each ratio was taken to comprise semi interpenetrating polymer network. The specimens were evaluated to determine their mechanical properties that include shore hardness, elastic modulus, Impact strength and compression strength. The results show the 85% is the best ratio due to an increasing in the mechanical properties of specimens on the other hand, theoretical estimate of the properties of composite specimens was done by using Neuro-fuzzy modelling. Observed good agreements between experimental and theoretical work was obtained.

34


Effect of Cu thickness and temperature on growth of graphene on 8- inch Cu/SiO2/Si wafer using cold-wall CVD reactor

Nurhidaya Soriadi*, Mohd Faizol Abdullah, Firzalaila Syarina Md Yakin, Siti Aishah Mohamad Badaruddin, Mohd Ismahadi Syono

Advanced Devices Lab, MIMOS Berhad, Technology Park Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia

Abstract. The growth of graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on Cu thin film using a cold-wall CVD reactor is desirable for developing a compatible graphene transfer process on large SiO2 /Si wafer. We reported the growth of graphene on the evaporated Cu on an 8-inch SiO2 /Si wafer for the varied thickness of 100–600 nm. We found the temperature for the cold-wall CVD reactor needs to be 825 oC or higher for methane decomposition and graphene growth. The high-temperature process results in the formation of isolated and interconnected Cu islands due to the dewetting mechanism. The evaporated Cu film on SiO2 /Si wafer needs to be sufficiently thick minimum of 600 nm to mitigate the dewetting during the 825 oC process. Successfully grown graphene on 8-inch Cu/SiO2 /Si wafer using a cold-wall reactor was monolayer without crystal defect. The grain size of graphene was at an average of 2.5 µm, correlated to the grain size of Cu film which is slightly smaller at an average of 2 µm. We anticipate further enlargement of Cu grain size along with graphene grain size by the thickening of Cu film and by using higher process temperature.

35


Effect of Different Extraction Methods on Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Activity, of Virgin Coconut Oil

Nameer Khairullah Mohammeda* , Ziad Tariq Samir a , Mohammed Ahmed Jassima , Sami Khudhur Saeeda

aDepartment of Food Science, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, 34001 Tikrit, Iraq

Abstract. Since there is a high demand for the virgin coconut oil (VCO) in Iraqi markets due to having consumers recently recognized that VCO has unique nutrition benefits, This this study aims to recover the virgin coconut oil (VCO) using four extraction techniques; fermentation VCO (FVCO), dry VCO (DVCO), enzymatic VCO (EVCO), and the chilling and thawing VCO (CVCO) techniques. The fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties and the antioxidant activities of the VCOs were determined and compared to the commercial refined, bleached and deodorized coconut oil (RBD-CO)VCO. Physicochemical properties of extracted VCOs were yield, 54-72%; moisture contents, 0.12 - 0.16%; refractive index 1.45; viscosity, 48-51 cP; free fatty acid, 0.16 - 0.2 g/100 g; iodine value, 4.17-7,13 g I2/100 g oil; peroxide value 147-259 meq O2/kg oil, and saponification value 254.10 - 264.04 mg of KOH/g of oil. Fatty acid composition demonstrated that lauric acid had the highest content for all the VCOs with the range of 47.95 - 48.08%.The results showed that fatty acid composition was within the standards and limits established for the edible coconut oils. The DPPH radical-scavenging activity (IC50) for the VCOs were in the range of (205.15- 248.16) mg/mL and the total phenolic content (TPC) were ranged between 37.42- 68.12 mg GAE/100 mL

36


The Impact of Methanol-Diesel Compound on the Performance of a Four-Stork CI Engine Improvement of Engine Efficiency by Mixing Diesel Fuel with Methanol

Qais Hussein Hassana , Ghassan Shaker Abdul Ridaha , Khalid Abdul Hussein Hafedha , Hayder A. Alalwanb

a Department of power Mechanics Techniques, Middle Technical University, Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq b Department of Petrochemical Techniques, Middle Technical University, Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq

Abstract. The impact of blending diesel fuel with different ratios of methanol was investigated in a TD 212 laboratory internal combustion diesel engine which is a single-cylinder, four-strokes, and pneumatic cooling. The tested engine was fuelled by a diesel fuel blending with methanol in a volume percentage of 7, 14 and 21, and the results were compared with pure diesel fuel. To avoid a phase separation issue, 1% of 1-dodecanol was added into each blend. The engine was operated within a constant speed of 2000 rpm under three levels of torques 2, 4 and 6 N.m. The brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), engine effective power (Ne), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and noise level of the tested engine as well as the exhaust temperature were evaluated. The results showed that blending diesel with methanol up to 14% improves the performance of the fuel through improving BSFC, Ne, BSEC, BTE, noise level, and decrease the exhaust temperature due to increase the oxygen content of the fuel resulted from adding methanol which also lowers the fuel density and viscosity. This lowering in the fuel density and viscosity decrease the noise level and improve the combustion rate of the fuel. Improving the combustion with lowering the exhaust temperature lead to decrease the formation of NOx components which are serious pollutants for the environment. The further increasing of methanol percentage negatively impacts the fuel consumption and engine efficiency due to methanol higher ignition temperature and latent heat of vaporization as well as its lower cetane number comparing with regular diesel fuel, which resulted in faulty ignition quality.

37


Preparation Cordierite and Zirconia-Doped Cordierite Composite &Study Bioactive Properties

Ola Saleh Mahdi

[email protected] University of Babylon, College of Materials Engineering, Department of Ceramic Engineering and Building Materials

Abstract. The current study focused on studying the bioactive behavior of pure cordierite which by sol- gel technique. Cordierite gel is combined with waterbased sol-gel course, beginning from fundamental magnesium carbonate and Al (NO3) 3 inorganic arrangement broke up in silica-ethanol sold. Zirconia-doped cordierite composite also prepared by a new precipitation procedure with the composition of (5-15 weight%) of ZrO2. The cylindrical samples in 13 mm diameter for the next tests were formed by cold pressing at 150 MPa then sintering at 1350 ᵒC.The, X-ray analysis ,and SEM technique were applied to find the microstructure . The bioactivity properties of produced powder were determined after immersing for 21 days in the stimulated body fluid (SBF) solution which appearance compact layer of hydroxyapatite (HA) that exhibits a biological activity with increase the amount of ZrO2 as compared with pure cordierite. Biodegradation test was done by soaking synthesized powder in the trees-HCl buffer solution for 7 days and weight loss of samples was determined the increase in weight loss is detected as the content of ZrO2 in the samples increases with respect to pure samples. Cytotoxicity estimation has done, by RAW macrophage similar the media cell line for a period of growth of 48 h. The cell addition, trainings on the powder prepared, sample, display perfect attraction between compact surface and cells.

38


Fabrication Bi2-xPbxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+& Superconductor and study the Nano and Electrical Properties

Mohamed Hasan Darweesh1,a, Nihad Ali Shafeek2,b , Shahir Fleyeh Nawaf3,c*

1,3Department of Electrical, College of engineering, Tikrit University, Iraq 2Department of Physics , College of Education/Tuzkhurmatu, Tikrit University, Iraq b [email protected], c [email protected]. iq

[email protected],

Abstract. The compound Bi2-xPbxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+& has been prepared as a pellet by Nano technique and two step the solid state reaction with a certain substitution percentages (0.3, 0.6,0.9,1.2) of Pb compensation rate of Bi respectively using appropriate weight of pure material Bi2O3, PbO, Sr(NO3)2 , CaCO3, and Cu(NO3)2 proportional to their molecular weight. Samples have been annealed in (900 C0). Samples morphology were also observed by AFM (in three dimensions), the best value of Nano is 73.61 nm at x = 0.9, and through the results of electrical resistance after using the measuring device current and voltages under low temperatures show that the best temperature is 141 K at x = 0.9 compensation ratios.

39


Experimental study for the connection process of new structures with old structures by channel and pipes for wastewater treatment plant structure

Ali Fadhil Nasera,1 , Hussam Ali Mohammedb , Ayad Ali Mohammedc

a,b,c Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Al-Mussaib Technical college, Babylon 51006, Iraq 1E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. A Structure of wastewater treatment plant is a facility in which a combination of various processes (e.g., physical, chemical and biological) are used to treat wastewater and remove pollutants. Almost the design of wastewater treatment plant structure include two or more stages of construction, based on the capacity of the plant that its related mainly to the income sewage calculated for the population of the city at that time. Future works including many structures that will increase the capacity of the plant on the same area. That’s will need to connect the new structures to the main system by pipe lines and channel. The objectives of this research are to study the connection process and activation of new structure and old structure of wastewater treatment plant, to provide an advice to the method of connection and carry out that connection experimentally with the engineers supervised that works, and to inspect and record the structural information for six months after complete the connection and starting the works with the future structures. The proving the accuracy of adopted method was done by nondestructive test carried out before and after the connection works. The results of construction and inspection shown that the new constructed concrete appears good compressive strength which is reached to 47.45MPa that will be factored to increase the durability of concrete that being in touch with sewage.

40


Design of Reverse Osmosis Membrane for Softening of Groundwater at Site of Agriculture College – University of Tikrit –Iraq by Using ROSA-72 Software

Abbas Hadi Abbas Rand Rafea Ahmed

Dept. of Architecture Dept.of Environmental Engineering University of Samarra-Iraq Tikrit University-Iraq Email : [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Abstract. This research paper is accomplished for designing reverse osmosis membrane for desalination and softening of groundwater at Tikrit university Site .The raw groundwater has TDS ranged between 1570- 2910 mg/L, temperature ,( 23-25 ) ֠◌C pH(6.27-8.6) , Electrical conductivity(3070-3620) µs/cm, Ca(492-640) mg/L, Mg(41-437) mg/L ,Total hardness (1400-3400) mg/L, SO4(700-1296) mg/L , NO3(18.5-40) mg/L . Dissolved oxygen(1.5-4.5) mg/L and Turbidity (1.3-5)NTU .ROSA72 ,Reverse Osmosis System Analysis is applied to design the reverse osmosis system for softening the groundwater. The result showed reliable design criteria and high quality water which are feed water 0.3 m3 /h ,feed press 7.91 bar, concentration flow 0.26 m3 /h ,membrane area 2.6 m2 permeate flow 0.05 m3 /h. water recovery 15%, permeate TDS 39.41mg/L.. ROSA-72 software can be used efficiently in design of reverse osmosis systems.

41


Plant-mediated green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract

Sajib Aninda Dhara,1*, Rashedul Alam Chowdhuryb , Shaon Dasb,c, Md. Khalid Nahianb,d , Dipa Islame , Md. Abdul Gafura

aPilot Plant and Process Development Centre (PP & PDC), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat I Khuda Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh bDepartment of Materials and Metallurgical

Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Zahir Raihan Road, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh cNuclear Safety and Security Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority (BAERA), E-12/A, Shahid

Shahabuddin Shorok, Dhaka,1207, Bangladesh dDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, 360 H.M. Comer Hall-245 7th avenue,Tuscaloosa, 35487, USA eBiomedical and

Toxicological Research Institute (BTRI), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat I Khuda Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh

Abstract. A cost-effective and non-hazardous approach was carried out for the plant-mediated green synthesis of metallic nanomaterials utilizing the fruit extract of Indian gooseberry (Amla) or Phyllanthus emblica. In this study, silver nanoparticles were effectively synthesized from silver nitrate precursors through a facile and eco-friendly method using the fruit extract of Phyllanthus emblica as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) were employed to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. A face-centered cubic crystalline structure and elemental silver phase were identified by x-ray diffraction analysis. The Rietveld refinement determined the average crystallite size (Lvol-IB) of the silver nanoparticles’ as 16.29 nm. The microstructural analysis revealed the spherical shape of the as-synthesized silver nanoparticles and the average grain size ranged between 60-80 nm. The development of elemental silver was affirmed by the EDX spectrum. The bio-reduction of silver ions and the formation of silver nanoparticles were ascertained by the UV-Vis spectral analysis. A surface plasmon resonance peak was found at 453 nm. The well-balanced size and shape of the synthesized elemental silver nanoparticles suggested the Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract as an effective reducing agent.

42


Design, synthesis and anti-β-lactamase activity for new monobactam compounds

Ahmed A. J. Mahmood1 , Mohammed A.Al-Iraqi2 , Faris T. Abachi1 ,

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. 2 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.

Abstract. β-Lactams are the most effective antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases. Unfortunately, the bacterial β-lactamase breaks down the β-lactam ring, and hence deactivates these drugs. The use of β-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., clavulanic acid) in combination with βlactams reduces this resistance. The prevalent β-lactamase is the Temoniera (TEM-1) of class A from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Hence, this research involves design, docks (computer calculation), synthesizes series of monobactam compounds, then studying their biological and β-lactamase inhibitor activities. The docking study lead to synthesize a new 9 monobactam compounds, these compounds were synthesized from the reaction of selected acid chlorides with the synthesized Schiff bases. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of the physical and spectral data. The monobactam compounds were tested biologically via evaluation of their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against 4 strains of β-lactamase Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The gained results of their anti β-lactamase activities were compared with that of clavulanic acid as a co-inhibiter with amoxicillin against the same 4 strains of bacteria. The biological study results revealed that three of the synthesized compounds showed an anti β-lactamase effect resemble to that of clavulanic acid. It has been concluded that the β-lactamase active pocket prefers hydrophobic substituents, as the synthesized products with these groups appear with the highest affinity.

43


Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles produced by klebsiella pneumoniae

Nidhal Hassan, . Zainab R. Zghair

Zoonosis unit/College of Veterinary Medicine/University of Baghdad/Iraq.

Abstract. This study was designed to isolation of klebsiella pneumoniae from human and sheep and Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles produced by klebsiella pneumoniae, the aqueous Ag+ ions were reduced during exposure to the culture supernatant of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The formation of nanoparticles showed change in colour of the reaction solution turned from yellow to brown, and using The Atomic Force Electron Microscopy (AFM) micrograph for concentration (1mM) silver nanoparticles indicates the surface changes where root mean square (RMS) values equal to 6.03 nm and average roughness of 5.43nm also the surface thickness equal to 22.94nm and Average grin size value was 67.40nm. but the concentration (10mM) of silver nanoparticles, were indicates the surface changes root mean square (RMS) values is equal 9.32 nm and roughness average was 3.47nm also the surface thickness equal 33.34nm and Average grin size value was 63.03nm. The analysis image of silver nanoparticles shows that they have a cube shape with small pieces and irregular heterogeneous forms. The average size of the minutes ranges between 40.47_89 nm. at concentration (1 Mm). and image of Transmission electron microscopy shows a pseudospherical shape (1mM) which shows the nanoparticle size ranging from 40 to 80 nm. Also Transmission electron microscopy shows a pseudo-spherical shape of the focus (10 mM) which shows the nanoparticle size ranging from 60 to 100 nm.

44


Distribution of Total Carbonate and Iron Oxides on Catena at Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Mohammed Ali Fayyadha , Azeddin Ali Maruof Sindib a, b

University of Duhok, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Soil and Water Science Dept., Duhok, 42001, Iraq

Abstract .The study area located at Zawita location, Duhok province, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Five pedons were digging on catena depending on the slope degree and slope aspects. Samples were air-dried, ground, and sieved using (2) mm sieve, in order to be used for physicochemical analysis. The soil texture varied from clay loam to sandy loam in the surface horizons of all pedons and became finer from the summit to foot slope in the south aspect, in contrast at the north aspect soil texture became coarser from the summit to foot slope). Study soils were less development and less differentiation of soil horizons in pedons at the summit and back slope in contrast to it at the foot slope of catena and were slightly alkaline non-saline soils. Soil organic matter in the north aspect was more than it in the south aspect. CEC in all horizons for pedon (1) at the summit was high value when compared with it for pedons at the back slope and foot slope. Studied soils consider as calcareous that have a high content of carbonate minerals as a result of the calcification pedogenic process in turn these soils have a high buffering capacity. Total carbonate at the summit, was less amount, in the surface horizon (Ah) then was gradually increased in the subsurface horizon (Bc) after that uniformity increased of carbonate distribution in soil horizons (C1st) and (C2k), whereas was decreased in surface horizons at the back slope at both aspects but in north aspect was less than it at south aspect. In surface horizons, at foot slope in both directions, total carbonate was decreased, whereas the vertical distribution indicated increasing it towards deep horizons of pedons at foot slope. Iron oxides in soil samples were fluctuated between increase and decrease with the exception of pedon (4) at the back slope in the south aspect. Part of the iron oxides was translocation downslope with runoff water and adds it to iron oxides at the foot slope and a considerable amount of it was present in the study location that is causing the change in soil color.

45


Determining New Way to Detect Hydrocarbon Polluted Water at Vertical and Horizontal Spaces

Hussein S. Al-Bahrania , Layth A. Al-Asadia , Luay K. Al-Waelia ,Hussein F. Al-Isawib , Adel M. Al-Joboryb

a Faculty of Engineering/ University of Kufa/ Najaf/ Iraq b Najaf Environment Directorate/ Najaf/ Iraq

Abstract. Remote and proximal sensing are an important tool to discover surface and ground natural resources such as water, wealthy minerals, and hydrocarbons. The results of this study relies on discovering the ability of water detector Aqua to detect many products of hydrocarbons and polluted water with hydrocarbon at different vertical and horizontal spaces on and under the ground. The importance of this new discovery is helping to sense and detect the accurate location and underground depth of hydrocarbons and water pollution with hydrocarbons as quickly and efficiently as possible by using Aqua device. Many laboratory experiments were carried out by Aqua on different gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbon products. Field experiments were achieved to test the ability of the device to detect polluted water with hydrocarbons at different distances and depths. Verification of the results was also carried out when measuring hydrocarbon concentration of several samples at the laboratory via analytical method, relationship between lab measurements of these samples and outcomes of Aqua has significant correlation and determination.

46


Impact of phosphate ester addition on the cytotoxicity of heat cured denture base material

Basima Mohammed Ali Husseina , Zahraa S. Abed karkosh b , Ihab Nabeel Safi c , Alyaa Saad KarKosh d .

a Biomedical Application Department, Institute of Laser for postgraduate studies, University of Baghdad.. [email protected]. Iraq. b Prosthetics Department, College of dentistry, University of Babylon.

[email protected]. Iraq. c Prosthetics Department, Collage of Dentistry , University of Baghdad. [email protected]. d College of Biotechnologies, Al-Qasim Green [email protected].

Iraq.

Abstract.This study aims to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a modified heat-cured acrylic denture base material containing 15% phosphoric acid 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ester (PA2HEME) with those of nonmodified PMMA. Discs with a diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 2 mm were prepared using a heat-cured PMMA denture base material and divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was modified with 15% phosphoric acid 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ester (PA2HEME). The modified and nonmodified materials were tested via FTIR, and the effect of modification on surface roughness was evaluated with AFM. An in vitro test was conducted to examine the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of heat-cured acrylic denture base materials (control and experimental groups) by using a rat embryonic fibroblast cell line (REF). Cell culture viability was estimated with a methyltetrazolium solution cytotoxicity assay. The surface roughness of PA2HEME-modified acrylic resin (mPMMA) was not significantly different from that of nonmodified PMMA acrylic resin. The cytotoxicity test on mPMMA demonstrated no significant change in the cell viability compared with that of the negative control. No deteriorating or inhibitory effect on cell growth was observed after 24 and 72 h. The modification of denture base materials with 15% PA2HEME has no cytotoxic or inhibitory effects on the growth of the studied fibroblast cell line.

47


Combining Different Field Tests with Minimum Laboratory Ones to Enhance the Deterioration Assessment of Standing Concrete Structures

Zeyad S. M. Khaleda*, Ahmad S. Alia , Hussam K. Risana , Mohammed A. Abida , Ali K. Hasana , Zaid A. Rejeba

aAl-Nahrain University, College of Engineering, Iraq

Abstract. The ACI code and ASTM specifications draw a clear road map on how to assess the deterioration of existing concrete structures. Yet, imperfect application of the road map and testing procedures may result in confused, inaccurate and costly outcomes. This field study covered a procedural assessment of an existing concrete structure starting with visual inspection of visible defects, followed by field tests including ‘Schmidt Rebound Hammer’, ‘Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity’ and ‘Half-Cell Potential’ tests. In addition, laboratory tests are conducted to find sulphate and chloride contents, pH value and the concrete compressive strength. The aim of this study is to confirm the feasibility of combining different field tests with minimum laboratory ones by evaluating a construction halted facility for ten years located at Al-Nahrain University in Iraq. In which a wide range of random samples of reinforced concrete columns, beams, slabs and shear walls are assessed. Based on ACI 437R-19, the results of nondestructive tests are correlated to the results of core tests extracted from the same structure. This approach is found to be satisfactory in assessing the whole structure condition. Repair and strengthening techniques are also suggested.

48


Real-Time Monitoring Applied to Optimize Friction Stir Spot Welding Joint for AA1230 Al-alloys

Raheem Al-Sabura 0000-0003-1012-7681 *, Ahmad K. Jassimb, and Eyob Messelec 0000-0003-4660-6262

aDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Basrah, Basra 61001, Iraq bDepartment of Material Engineering, University of Basrah, Basra 6001, Iraq cFaculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Bahir Dar

University, Bahir Dar 6000, Ethiopia

Abstract. The uppermost strength-to-weight ratio standard has enchanted growing curiosity in virtually all areas where weight reduction is crucial. One of the recent advances in manufacturing endeavoring on achieving this intention endears is Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW). Welding of aluminum alloys 1xxx is problematic due to its thermo-mechanical properties. The purpose of this study is to find the optimum FSSW parameters of AA1230 Al-alloy. There are a few publications about this alloy, especially in welding applications. The experimental work was conducted by using a universal drilling machine considered an FSSW machine. Real-time monitoring is done for the tool axial load and welding temperature by using compression type load cell and infrared thermometer. Mechanical properties of the welded joint are examined using a universal tensile machine. The main parameters studied in this research are rotational speed, axial force, and dwell time which is applied as 760, 1065, 1445, and 200 rpm for rotational speed, 130, 124, 118, and 112 Kg for axial force, and 64, 52, 40, and 28 seconds for dwell time. They were optimized using the L16 orthogonal array and Gray relation analysis method with grey relational coefficients of ξ = 0.5. ANOVA was conducted to investigate the significant FSSW parameters. The results show that rotational speed and dwell time are the most significant parameters that affected the quality of the joining zone with a joint efficiency of 91.29%. The maximum achieved shear strength is 90.38 MPa using 2000 rpm rotational speed, 40s dwelling time, and 124kg axial load at a temperature of 202 °C. It appeared cavity defect at the stir zone which is affected on several specimens and lead to a reduction the shear strength to 42.12 MPa as the minimum value.

49


A review on the usage of waste engine oil with aged asphalt as a rejuvenating agent

Zaid Hazim Al-Saffar a , Haryati Yaacob a* , Mohd Khairul Idham Mohd Satar a , Siti Nur Naqibah Kamarudin a , Mohd Zul Hanif Mahmud a , Che Ros Ismail a , Sitti Asmah Hassan a , Nordiana Mashros

a

a Faculty of Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 81310, Johor, Malaysia

Abstract. The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been becoming one of the best solutions to preserve natural resources in the construction sector. However, the stiffness property of aged asphalt resulted from the RAP is considered as the main obstacle in the field application. Nevertheless, waste engine oil (WEO), as one of the most common rejuvenating agent, has been used for renovating the characteristics of aged asphalt. This paper presents a review of the previous research works conducted on the rejuvenating of aged asphalt using WEO, including its benefits, drawbacks and its adverse side effect. It was observed that the inclusion of WEO as a rejuvenating agent gives positives and negatives influences on the attributes of aged asphalt. Therefore, an integration of WEO with other modifiers might be beneficial for renovating the performance of aged asphalt at both low and high temperatures. The results of this review can be used to predict future challenges in the renovation of aged asphalt using WEO.

50


An efficiency factor for the bottle shaped concrete strut in deep beams reinforced with longitudinal FRPs bars

Mohammed K. Dhahir ᵃ*1, Haider K. Ammash ᵃ, Wissam Nadirᵇ, Mohammed S. Nasr

ᵃDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq ᵇ Department of hydraulic structures, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical

University, Babylon, Iraq

Abstract. Fibers Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars are being increasingly used recently as a replacement of conventional steel reinforcement in structures subjected to harsh environmental conditions due to their non-corrodible characteristics. However, little attention has been given to deep beams reinforced with longitudinal FRP bars and without web reinforcement. Usually, the Strut and Tie Model (STM) approach is used for the design and analysis of deep beams reinforced with steel reinforcement as recommended by many codes of practice; however, it is not clear whether those models are applicable to deep beams reinforced with FRP bars. Therefore, this study investigates the accuracy of the STMs adopted by ACI 318-14, Eurocode 2 and CSA S806-12 codes to assess the strength of deep beams reinforced with longitudinal FRP bars. For this purpose, a total of 52 FRP reinforced deep beams was collected from previous experimental investigations, and their failure loads were predicted using the aforementioned STMs, and compared with the actual failure load obtained from experiments. In general, the results have shown that both ACI 318-14 and Eurocode 2 STMs can result in unsafe design, since they overestimate the shear strength of FRP reinforced deep beams considerably. While the STM proposed by CSA S806-12 can result in uneconomic design, since it underestimates the shear strength considerably. In order to determine the appropriate efficiency factor to be used for the concrete strut, a regression analysis was conducted using the data base. Based on which, a new efficiency factor was proposed and incorporated into the Strut and Tie Model. The new STM was then tasted using the database, and it proven to be much more accurate than the other STMs.

51


Electrical properties of fibrous self-compacting concrete reinforced with different types of fibers

Ahmed S. Ali, Ahmed A.M.Al-Shaar, Alaa A. Shakir

Civil engineering department, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract .Concrete is a heterogeneous multiple-phased material, and its microstructure contains many flaws. These flaws are microcracks, cavities, interconnected micropores. External current if applied on concrete which can be transferred through the migrating ions. Hence, the electrical resistivity measurement is a reliable facility for exploring the microstructure of concrete. The electrical resistivity of concrete is an essential factor describing the ability of a material to conduct current. The addition of discreet Fibers to reinforcing concrete is broadly used due to its advantageous mechanical properties. The rapid spread of concrete microcracks can be reduced or avoided due to the fibres' prepotent tensile strength. This paper investigates the effects of three types of steel fibres; these fibres are straight, hooked end, and micro steel fibres. Also, three types of carbon fibres were added to the SSC mixes, these fibres are; whiskers, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and single-walled carbon nanotubes fibre predetermine percentages. Electrical resistivity calculations were done at 200V, 220V, and 240V. The mechanical properties include compressive strength, flexural strength, and static modulus of elasticity. The results show that the carbon nanotubes fibres improve the electrical resistivity by 400% and 423% for SWCNTs and MWCNTS. Moreover, the strengths and ultrasonic pulse velocity of self-compacted concrete (SCC) are increased compared to plain concrete (control mix).

52


Dynamic Response of Horizontally Curved Composite Steel I-girder Bridges

Huda J. Qassima,* , Anis A. Mohamad Alib , 1

a,b Deptment of Civil Engineering, Basrah University, Iraq.

Abstract. The dynamics behavior of horizontally curved composite steel I-girder bridges is investigated by using three-dimensional finite element models. The analyzed bridge is modeled by using ANSYS 15.0 program with SOILD185 and SHELL181 elements to represent concrete and steel members, respectively. AASHTO HL-93 truck is simulated as 3D mass-spring-damper model consisting of five lumped-masses which connected by rigid beams and supported by spring-damper elements which are used to represent the suspension of vehicle body and tires. Gap and actuator elements are used to represent the separation between the tires and road surface and surface roughness condition, respectively. Four different roughness profiles are generated basied on power spectral density (PSD) for very good, good, average, and poor roads. The dynamic analysis is carried out under different cases of vehicular loading positions for bridges with radius of curvature ranged from (35 to 200m). Seven vehicle speeds are chosen to investigate the effect of this factor on the bridge dynamic response, also the effect of bump height at approach span is studied. The results are presented in terms of Impact Factors (IM). The results show that the IM-radius of curvature relationship is significantly influenced by the position of vehicle on transverse sections of the bridge. For the out-lane loading, the IM values for all girders tend to increase as the radius of curvature decreases. A 45 km/hr vehicle speed provides higher IM value for the good roughness bridge to be at 120 km/hr under poor road surface. The bump heights has a significant effect on IMs at lower speed limit, where the IM value increases with the increasing of bump height.

53


Effect Of Diode Laser On Ants (Camponotus consobrinus)

Sahar Naji Rashida, *, Estabraq Mahmood Mahdib , Awatif Sabir Jasima

aDeprtment Of Physics, College Of Science, University Of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq bDeprtment Of Biology, College Of Science, University Of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq

Abstract. Biophysics subject covers multiple fields of physics and biology. In this research the effect of some parameters of diode laser has been experimented with ants (Camponotus consobrinus) which includes the effect on its external shape, as well as the percentage of the killing rate obtained as a result of laser radiation at a wavelength (532 nm) with power (200 mW), at distances: (10, 12, and 14 cm) between laser source and the insect, and exposure times (10, 15 and 20 sec) for each distance. The obtained results showed an increase in the rate of ant killing, as well as an increase in deformations where the distance decreased and laser exposure time increased. These results were recorded after time periods after laser treatment, which are as follows: (12, 24, 48 and 72 hours). The thermal diffusion within the tissues resulting from laser radiation causes increased death rates due to damage of internal structures.

54


A comparison Study Between Chemical Coagulation and Electrocoagulation Processes for The Treatment of Wastewater Containing Reactive Blue Dye

Tamara Kawther Husseina , and Nidaa Adil Jasimb

aEnvironmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad-Iraq, [email protected] bHighway and Transportation Engineering Department, College of

Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad-Iraq, [email protected]

Abstract. This research investigated the opportunity to get rid of reactive blue (RB) dye from fabricated wastewater by chemical coagulation, as compared with electro-coagulation. The coagulants used in this study were ferric sulfate Fe2 (SO4 )3 , poly aluminum chloride (PACl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2 ), and aluminum chloride(AlCl3 ). Jar test was utilized to determine optimal pH, initial dye concentration, and quantities of dosage coagulants, and then the maximum reactive blue dye removal was acquired. Several test runs were conducted at various conditions (pH, initial dye percentage. potassium chlorideKCl percentage and electrical supply voltage) to assess the removal operation of reactive blue dye using electro-coagulation. The maximum removal effectiveness was 96%, while the optimal coagulant was Fe2 (SO4 )3 at optimum pH, dosage and dye amount of 6, 300,150 mg/l. In addition to this, the electrochemical cell was fabricated using aluminum plates with dimensions of (8× 4.5 × 0.3) cm3 as anode and cathode. The outcomes revealed that the ultimate removal was 98 %, at an optimal pH of 2, KCl dosage of 1 g/L, initial dye concentration of 80 mg/L, and 25 volts at duration time 80 min. The research evidenced the superiority of the electrochemical system for reactive blue removal over the chemical coagulation.

55


The impact of TiO2 nanostructures on the physical properties and electrical performance of organic solar cells based on PTB7:PC71BM bulk heterojunctions

Naser Al-Shekailia , Suhairul Hashima ,Fahmi F.Muhammedb , M.Z. Al-Abric,d , Khaulah Sulaimane , Mohd Y. Yahyaf , Mohd Ridzuan Ahmedg*

aDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia b Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya 44023, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq c

Nanotechnology Research Centre, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 17, PC 123, SQU, Al Khoudh, Oman d Department of Petroleum & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 33, PC 123, SQU, Al Khoudh, Oman e Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of

Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia f Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Institute for Vehicle Systems & Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia g Department of Control and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of

Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

Abstract .Hybrid organic solar cells based on pairs of donor and acceptor materials offer enhanced light absorption width and surface morphology. In order to investigate the role of introducing metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and thermal annealing on the optical, structural and morphological behaviours of the active layer polymers' [poly([4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5- b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]{3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl}):[6,6]-Phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7:PC71BM), thin films with and without the addition of 10% TiO2 nanoparticles (NP) were prepared and characterized. Ultraviolet-Visible- Near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) Spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the thin films. Results show that incorporation of the TiO2 (NPs) with annealing treatment of the thin films enhanced the optical absorption and crystallinity of the PTB7:PC71BM blend. The device based on PTB7:PC71BM showed power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.6%. The incorporation of 10%-TiO2 into the PTB7:PC71BM blend leads to a sharp drop in PCE (0.08%).

56


Investigate the effect of the Nano zero valent iron and Nano titanium in 2 the genetic materials of the living cell

Atyaf Khalid Al-dahan*a, Mohammad A. AL-Aadhamib , Roaa Adi Hassanc

a,b,c Ministry of science and technology 5 Al-jaderiya-Baghdad- Iraq 6 *Corresponding author:[email protected],Dr.ATYAF 7

Abstract. Current knowledge of chemicals may not be sufficient to predict the toxicity of nanomaterial to humans, especially the synthesis of DNA inside the cell, so research in this area is necessary to predict these risks. In this study, the effect of the addition of zero-valent iron nanoparticle and Titanium dioxide nanoparticle on serum cellular material was studied. Iron nanostructures were prepared using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. Titanium dioxide was purified and crystallized in the laboratory for the purpose of use in this research. Iron and titanium nanostructures were diagnosed with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR) and XRD (X-ray) spectra. The change in the DNA phenotype was monitored through the comet examination method, whereby a fluorescent microscope was used to monitor the change of DNA and to calculate the number of dead cells by comparing the sample and the reference in the experiment. Different concentrations of Nano scale iron and titanium dioxide were used (30mg/ml, 5omg/ml and 100mg/ml). It was found that the concentration of 100 mg/ml of the nanomaterial under investigation is the most effective for both Nano scale iron (Fe0 20 ) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The result appears that the effect of titanium dioxide is more than the effect of Nano scale iron by increasing the number of dead cells via a percentage of 5.3% and 4%, respectively. Experience has shown that Nano zero valent iron has less toxic effect than titanium dioxide. In addition, the results showed a clear change in DNA morphology. The number of dead cells within the living cells understudy after the addition of nanoparticles with different concentrations, indicating the danger of nanomaterial on the genetic material of the human living cell.

57


A Review: Properties of Eco-friendly Ultra-High-Performance Concrete incorporated with waste glass as a partial replacement for cement

Jamshid Esmaeilia , Ammar Oudah AL-Mwanesb

a Jamshid Esmaeili is an Associate Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran. bAmmar Oudah AL-Mwanes is a Ph.D. Student in the Department of Civil Engineering,

University of Tabriz, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran. [email protected]

Abstract. Researchers have shown that recycled materials can be used to substitute some of the mixture components in UltraHigh-Performance Concrete (UHPC) to result in more sustainable building material. One common material that can be recycled to be used in concrete applications is waste glass (WG). This paper presents a literature review on the effects on the fresh and hard mechanical properties of UHPC by recycled waste glass (WG). With the addition of recycled glass, the new material "Ultra-High-Performance Glass Concrete" (UHPGC) becomes extremely workable and possesses rheological characteristics improving fresh concrete behavior due to the low water absorption, smooth surface, and optimized package density of the material. The use of GP (Glass Powder) as a partial cement substitute in UHPGC gives good mechanical characteristics as compressive strength, tensile strength, and bending strength. In addition, the glass powder reduces the penetrability of chloride-ion in concrete and reduces the possibility of chloride-induced steel corrosion. The glass powder’s provide pozzolanic activity. In addition, UHPGC can be designed with a reduced amount of cement as the cement industry is one of the sources emitting CO2. Keywords: Eco-friendly, Ultra-High-Performance Glass Concrete, Waste Glass.

58


Determine the influence of fiber types on some properties of selfcompacted mortar

Raouf Mahmood Raouf1, ,Hyman Jafar Meerza Al Jaaf1, Ibtesam F. Nasser2

1Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University Baghdad -Iraq , 2Middle Technical University, Institute of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq [email protected] , [email protected]

, [email protected]

Abstract. There has recently been a rapid growth in the manufacture of less energy-intensive cement and high-performance concretes (resistance and durability). The key benefits of randomly dispersed fiber reinforcement of cement-based materials are strengthened by its flexural strength and toughness. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to evaluate the influence of cement mortar type on fresh mortar (slump flow test), and hardened mortar (apparent density, compressive strength and modulus of rupture) by using mineral admixtures (silica fume), as a partial replacement (8%) by weight of cement. As well, study the effect of fiber types used {micro steel fiber or hybrid fiber (hooked end +micro steel fiber)} with the fiber volume fraction of 1.5% on the self-compacted mortar properties (SCM). Results indicated that it is possible to attain the self-compacted property through this mix explained by slump flow between (240-260) mm. Moreover, SCM incorporating densified silica fume shows a significant increase in compressive strength and modulus of rupture compared to reference mortar, and the addition of 1.5% by volume micro steel fibers or hybrid fiber to SCM with densified silica fume compared to corresponding mixes without fibers caused an increase in the compressive strength to about 24.4% and 35.3% respectively, and in modulus of rupture to about 159.5%, and 192%, respectively.

59


Experimental Analysis of Thermal Performance for Flat Plate Solar Water Collector in the climate conditions of Yekaterinburg, Russia

Naseer T. Alwan a, b , S Е Shchekleina , O M Ali c

aUral Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia bKirkuk Technical College, Northern Technical University, 36001 Kirkuk, Iraq c Technical Institute of

Haweeja, Northern Technical University, 36001 Kirkuk, Iraq

Abstract. Current experimental work studies the thermal performance of a flat plate solar water collector according to the weather conditions of the city of Ekaterinburg in Russia. All tests were carried within four months and four typical clear days were chosen for each month. Thermal efficiency, useful energy, and water temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the flat plate solar collector have been investigated in this study. The results were collected during summer and autumn have been analyzed to find out the effect of different weather conditions on the performance of the proposed flat solar water collector. The highest efficiency of the solar collector was recorded during midday when the collector receives the highest solar energy intensity and thus the highest rate of useful heat gained. The maximum efficiency observed by 66% in July compared to the other months included in the current study. The results showed good agreement between the previous studies and the current proposed solar water collector in terms of thermal efficiency.

60


Experimental Investigation of Cement Encapsulated with Different Polymers for Self -Healing Applications

Reem T. Salman1,a*, Farhad M. Othman 2,b and Alaa A. Abdul-Hamead3,c*

1,2,3Department of Materials Engineering / University of Technology/ IRAQ aEmail: [email protected],bEmail:[email protected], cEmail: [email protected]

Abstract. The need to obtain microcapsules at a low cost is an important requirement for construction and repair workers. In this paper, four polymers (Polystyrene, Sika 5930, Master Glenium 51, Sika WT 200 ) were used to encapsulated and coated Portland cement particles with three weight ratios of (5, 10, 15)wt% for the Production of self-healing cement capsules. The polymers capsules cement were characterized (density, particle size, fine structure). Furthermore, it was examined in the water solubility. The results showed that the best particle size was from (50-106)µm, the density was from (2.152-2.337) g/cm3 , optical microscopy showed homogeneity in high ratios and the solubility in water was between soluble and insoluble where it was 100% for some proportions and 0% to the other proportionsof soluble and insoluble where it was 100% for some proportions and 0% to the other proportions of polystyrene. The capsules for later use in self-healing testapplications were 50µm.Also, results show thatshell thickness was (2.08,2.18,2.21,3.2)µm, for Polystyrene, Sika 5930, Master Glenium51,and Sika WT 200 respectively. This makes the capsules prepared from polystyrene dependable to be mixed into building materials for self-healing and repair.

61


Development of Alpha Tracks Measurement with Thermal Oven as an Etching Technique for SSNTDs

Nada Farhan Kadhima , Ali A. Ridhaa , Manar Dheyaa Salimb , Hanfi. M. Yc,d , Mostafa Y. A. Mostafac,e

aMustansiriyah University, College of Sciences, Physics Dep., Baghdad, Iraq. b Thi-Qar University, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Physics Dep., Thi-Qar, Iraq. cUral Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002,

Ekaterinburg, Russia dNuclear Materials Authority, 520, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt ePhysics Department – Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

Abstract. In the present work, Thermal oven as a heating technique in chemical etching process has been tested to investigate the track density and compares with a traditional technique water bath (WB). Thermal oven induced chemical etching has been employed in reducing the etching duration. Two solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) CR-39 and LR-115 are utilized in this comparison. Detectors are exposed to 226Ra alpha source (5 µ ci). Several pieces of CR-39 and LR-115 detectors were exposed to 226Ra source at three different times of exposure (5, 10 and 15sec). Chemically Etching carry out with NaOH alkaline solution (6.25 N) at 70°C for CR-39 and (2.5 N) at 60°C for LR-115. For (5, 10 and 15sec) exposure time, the estimated maximum track densities of CR-39 detector at 90 minutes for thermal oven compared with 120 minutes for water bath. LR-115 detector maximum track densities were founded at 40 minutes compared with 50 minutes for the water bath technique. Finally, the etching parameters (the diameter of the tracks (D), etching efficiency (ɳ), bulk etching rate (VB), track etching rate (VT), and the sensitivity (V)) were calculated and compared.

62


Modeling of Mach-Zehnder Modulator Using Ferroelectric materials at 1.55 µm Optical Transmission

Hanan J. Mohammeda , Firas Faeq K. Hussaina , Muwafaq F. Jaddoaa

aDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Al-Muthanna Univerity, Muthanna 66001, Iraq

Abstract. Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) based ferroelectric materials has studied theoretically and simulated by using finite element method with COMSOL Multiphysics software. Different parameters of MZM have experimented which are coupling length, bending radius and applied voltage. The results showed that the lowest coupling length of MZM was 304 µm by using KNO3 crystal. MZM is operate as a modulator at bend radius of curvature with 2.5mm for all three ferroelectric crystals and MZM didn’t worked with lower than this radius. The effect of utilized voltage showed that MZM is operate actively at 0.38 V by using SriTO3 . While for LiNbO3 and KNO3 the effective voltage was 0.45V and 0.5V, respectively. The power loss for all MZM samples was 2%.

63


Effects of Air Post Curing on Recovery of Bond Strength and Elastic Modulus of Fire-Damaged Self Compacted Concrete

Azhar G. Hamada,* ,Anis A. MohamadAlib

a,b Deptment of Civil Engineering, Basrah University, Iraq.

Abstract. The overall objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the fire flame and air post-fire curing method on the bond, compressive strengths and elastic modulus of self compacted concrete specimens for different curing durations. A total of fortyfive specimens were cast and tested under compression and pullout tests. The specimens of the SCC were exposed to fire with temperature 600oC and then cooled in the air to room temperature. In order to fully understand the effect of the air post-fire curing method on concrete strength, both tests were carried out after post-fire cured in different durations 7, 30, and 60 days. The test results demonstrated that air curing results show a significant resistance recovery and its extent depends on the period of air curing. The main contribution of this work is to prove that air post-fire curing can enhance the elastic modulus and the bond strength between steel bar and concrete.

64


The Relation between Destructive and Non-Destructive Tests of Geopolymer Concrete

Ali S. Nooria , Khalid M. Oweeda , Raouf M. Raouf a and Mohammed A. Abdulrehmana

aMustansiriyah University/College of Engineering/Materials Engineering. Department.

Abstract. Ordinary Portland cement is one of the materials that emit a high amount of CO2 during its production, leading to an increase in the global warming rate. Geopolymer is the best alternative material for Ordinary Portland cement, which produces 80% less CO2 emissions than ordinary Portland cement. An experimental investigation was conducted to study the relationship between the compressive strength and non-destructive tests (such as the ultrasonic pulse velocity test and Schmidt rebound hummer). Two types of geopolymer concrete were investigated from the local market (Fly ash and metakaolin). The variables for both types were NaOH concentration and the amount of source material, where three molarity concentrations and three different amounts have been tested. From experimental results, an equation for each type has been modeled to estimate compressive strength from non-destructive tests with reasonable accuracy by using a curve expert program.

65


Electromechanical solar tracker system for a parabolic dish with CPU water heater

Milia H. Majeed a , Naseer T. Alwan a, b , S Е Shchekleina , A. V. Matveeva

aUral Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia bKirkuk Technical College, Northern Technical University, 36001 Kirkuk, Iraq

Abstract. The parabolic dish reflected and concentrated the solar rays at the focus. But the limited actual working hours during the daytime is the most influential factor for not to be used widely among other solar water heating applications. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a new dual solar tracking system for parabolic dish CPU water heater using a new Bi-axial tracking system based on the chronological Algorithms tracking system. Two models of solar parabolic dish water heaters have been investigated, the first one is a fixed solar parabolic dish (FFD), and the second one is a tracking solar parabolic dish (MFD). The experimental setup consists of a heating water system, Dual-axis solar tracking control system and a measuring system. Observed from this study that the water temperatures at outlet solar water heater for the two types was differed by about 20% (MFD larger than FFD by 20%), that’s mean that the dual tracking technology enhanced the water temperature of the CPU heat exchanger, and the highest water temperatures were at 1:00 pm for the two models (MFD and FFD) , which are reached about and , respectively. In the MFD model, useful energy was produced throughout the daytime and recorded the largest value about at 1:00 pm, while in the FFD model, it recorded about.

66


Modification of CR39 surfaces by 193nm ArF laser for biomaterial sensing

RANA M. TAHA1,2 , HUSSEIN A. JAWAD1 , PARVIZ PARVIN3 , MITRA REFAHIZADEH3 1

Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad- Iraq 2 Laser and optoelectronics Engineering department, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad- Iraq 3 Physics Department, Amirkhabir University of

Technology, Tehran- Iran Corresponding author: Rana M. Taha [email protected], Mobile: 009647709279435

Abstract. Ultrasensitive detection of biological and chemical species is significant in a wide range of scientific and technological fields. In this work, a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate is engineered upon 193 nm ArF (Argon Fluoride) excimer laser irradiation that produces an output energy of 160 mJ/pulse in 10 ns. It induces a periodic surface structures which is commonly known as Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) of grooves like nanostructures on surface of Allyl diglycol carbonate (ADC) or CR39 polymer due to irradiation of 2400 J/cm2 energy dose. Then the produced nanostructured surface is coated with gold layer. The potential of the produced substrate as a SERS biosensor is investigated through methylene blue (MB) that gave an enhancement factor of 0.5*104 . The biosensor sensitivity is characterized by detecting low concentration of MB with a detection limit of 0.1 µMolar (µM).

67


Investigation of Fluorescent Lamp Glass Waste as a Fluxing Agent in Porcelain Bodies

Huda Sattar Alia , Hussein Alaa Jabera , Saad B. H. Farida

aDepartment of Materials Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. In this research the effect of fluorescent lamp glass waste (FLGW) as a fluxing agent for preparing porcelain bodies has been investigated. Three different standard mixtures of porcelain bodies were prepared which composed of (kaolin, flint and potash feldspar). The FLGW is added to the porcelain samples at different ratios of (0, 5 and 10) wt.% as a partial replacement of potash feldspar. The samples were prepared using semi-dry process and then sintered at different temperatures ranged of (925-1250)⁰ C. Sintering behavior, physical and mechanical properties of the prepared porcelain bodies were measured. The results showed the possibility of using the FLGW as a fluxing agent for the production of porcelain bodies. Increasing of sintering temperature leads to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of porcelain bodies. Addition of FLGW as a partial replacement of potash feldspar in the porcelain composition batch has beneficial effect on lowering the sintering temperature of porcelain bodies, consequently of accelerating the densification rates. The physical and mechanical properties of porcelain bodies reduced when added of high amount of FLGW up to 10 wt.%. This is related to the composition of FLGW that contents of different materials with the presence of impurities in considerable amounts.

68


Crystal Violet Dye Removal from Aqueous Water using Polyacrylonitrile Precursor Beads

Ola Abd Al-Qader Mahmood, and Basma I. Waisi*

Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. The removal of Crystal Violet (CV) Dye by adsorption has been investigated using Polyacrylonitrile-based beads (PAN) as an adsorbent. The beads wereprepared using the phase inversion method and then characterizedusing SEM, BET, and FTIRanalyzes. Different adsorption parameters were tested, such as pH solution, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, rotating speed, and temperature. The equilibrium data were examined by Langmuir and Freundlich's isotherms. A kinetic study using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order was made to investigate the adsorption mechanism. The maximum removal percentage of thedye was 98% at the optimum condition (pH=7, Co= 10 mg/l, Bo= 0.4g, T=35 oC, and 200 rpm), and the process reached equilibriumtime in 5 hr. The pseudo-second-order gives the best conformity than pseudo-first-order; the data also showed the best fitting to Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic study revealed a spontaneous and endothermic process. The adsorbent was regenerated with HCl solution and reused up to 6 times with91%removal.

69


Evaluation of fungal pollution in the laboratories of the Department Biology in the college of Education, University of Samarra. Iraq

Rasha Abdul Adheem Yaseen

Department of Biology / College of Education / University of Samarra. Samarra. Iraq

Abstract. The current study included isolating and diagnosing fungi present in the indoor air of the laboratories building of the Department of Biology, College of Education at the University of Samarra. It included (the passage, entrance, kitchen, free education, research laboratory, studies and environment laboratory, parasites laboratory, animal and plant laboratory, and molecular laboratory). 162 fungal isolates, including 25 species and 15 genera, and pencillium showed the highest percentage of occurrence on the culture media PDA and SDA for entrance laboratories, research, parasites, animal and molecular, with a rate of 100%, as the fungus Cladosporium recorded an incidence of 100% for research laboratories, parasites, animal and molecular compared to With other isolated fungi such as Alternaria, Fusarium and Aspergillus, yeasts, etc. This is evidence of air pollution with pathogenic fungi, which have an important role in allergies and asthma.

70


Experimental Study on Erosion Depth in Hydraulic Structures

Rawaa H. Ismaeila , Ali N. Hiloa , Thaar S. Al-Gashama* , Nadheer S. Ayooba

aDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wasit, Iraq.

Abstract .In many hydraulic constructions, such as dams, spillways, and stilling basins, large quantities of concrete can be ruined because of the long-term action of water-borne solids. To a great extent, for hydraulic structures, the durability relies on the resistance that the concrete surface performs against the mechanical wear. The surface damage caused by the uninterrupted material removal process, which induced by the impact of the water-borne solid particles, is termed hydro-abrasion. In nearly all hydraulic structures, this kind of progressive deterioration of the concrete surfaces is observed with different intensities. Obviously, such hydro-abrasive concrete wearing normally results in a reduction in the service life of the hydro-technical facility, and consequently because of the required repairs, the non-functioning of the facility during the repair period results in an expenditure increment. The rate of concrete erosion was tested by the original equipment manufactured in the Construction Laboratory of Civil Engineering department / Wasit University, by directing a high velocity jet of a mixture of water and sand, striking the concrete plates. To satisfy the research requirements, 24 samples of concrete were prepared and categorized into three mixtures with compressive strengths of 25, 35, and 45 MPa, they were tested after 7 days of maturing. Further, the effect of the impingement angle was also determined. Experimental estimations was made of the four different angles (0, 30, 45, and 60°) with the horizon. From the findings of the experimental investigations, it was clear that the maximum erosion depth can be reached when the flow inclination angle was 45°, while the lowest rate can be achieved by the flow inclination angle of 60° with horizon

71


Investigate the Effect of Process Parameters of Magnetic Inductively Assisted Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) on Microstructure Behavior- Part I.

Haetham G Mohammeda , Ther Mohammed Badri Albarodya , Mazli Mustapha a , N.M Sultana , H K M Al-Jotherya

aDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

Abstract. A new magnetically assisted spark plasma sintering as a novel method of adding a continuous intensive magnetic field during the sintering process was briefly introduced as an alternative method of traditional SPS in which the sintering process passed through several processes started with jet milling, aligning, densifying, and then ended up with sintering during the production of a material with excellent magnetic, electrical, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the use of an external magnetic field parallel with the sintering process leads to a shortening of these processes in addition to driving the molten metal in a certain way for grain refinement and grain re-orientated, resulted in the reduction of porosities and cavities. In this paper (Part I) Iron oxide (Fe3O4 ) nanopowder has been characterized to study the sintering process's effect on microstructure behavior using FESEM, XRD, XPS, and VSM. Based on the results obtained, Fe3O4 has cubic shaped particles with an average size of 100-200 nm, and the indexed peaks are (111), (220), (311), (222), (400), (422), (511), and (400), which confirmed with the standard. Keywords: Spark plasma sintering, External Magnetic field, Grain Growth, magnetic properties.

72


Synthesis and Characterization of the Bulk YBCO-target of Superconducting Material

N. Hasan, H. Hafeath, A. Ahmed

Department of Applied Science, University of Technology,10001 Baghdad, Iraq corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. Superconducting devices have emerged as promising candidates, due to their outstanding sensitivity, such as wideband and high-frequency operation, and Josephson tunnelling junction detectors with high sensitivity which have been developed and applied to THz imaging. This paper presents the details of synthesizing the d-wave superconductor. We applied a standard method of solution-gel combustion to form the high-temperature yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) of superconductor materials. To realize bulk superconductor materials, it was used the calcination temperature of 850°C, and the sintering temperature about 950°C for 5 hours. For characterizing YBCO, we could be realized the critical transition temperature (Tc) of about 93K and conventional R-T dependencies. The formation of the characterizations structural showed that YBCO samples have an orthorhombic crystal structure. As well as the morphology and structure samples tested according to characterize the Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis data and SEM (scanning electron microscopy).

73


Continuous Sizing Optimization of Cold-Formed Steel Portal Frames with Semi-Rigid joints Using Generalized Reduced Gradient Algorithm

Ali Msabawya,b , Fouad Mohammada1

aNottingham Trent University/School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment, Nottingham, NG1 5JS, United Kingdom bEngineering Works Division, Ministry of Interior, Babylon, Iraq

Abstract .The primary aim of this paper is to develop a sizing design optimization framework to address the optimization difficulties associated with semi-rigid Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) portal frames. The paper adopted the mathematical model to embed the influence of semi-rigidity for joints and column bases into the fully automated user-friendly program that was written by the authors program to establish a relation between the finite element model, design formulations and optimization model. The paper employed Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) algorithm to optimize the cross-sectional areas for CFS Back-to-Back lipped channel sections. These sections used for primary load-carrying elements; in which sections' dimensions treated as continuous variables. The design constraints are set to satisfy design criteria proposed by British Standards and practical constraints from the industry. A systematic approach was followed in the parametric study to investigate the influence of several design parameters on the optimal solutions and performance of proposed buildings. The main parameters considered were the semi-rigidity effect of the apex and eave connections and column bases flexibility. The optimal results reached demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of applying the proposed framework in solving the sizing optimization problem. GRG algorithm proved its reliability and validity with respect to its ability to achieve the optimal configurations of optimized sections. It showed that the frames modelled their joints as semirigid joints have smaller cross-sectional areas compared with the same frames having fully rigid joints. It found that the frames having semi-rigid column bases are lighter compared with their counterparts that modelled their bases as nominally pinned. The written program was effectively able to analyze, design and search the optimal solutions with a promising computational time.

74


Purification and Characterization of thermo stable DNase of Staphylococcus gallinarum isolated from burns

Noor Naeem Khwena , Mohammed Faraj AL- Marjanib , Sawsan Hassan Authmana,b1

a Department of medical laboratories, Al Rafidain Unversity College,Baghdad,Iraq bDeparyment of Biology Science, Al Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract .One hundred samples from various clinical sources were obtained. Sixty isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and one isolate of Staphylococcus gallinarum have been identified. The Capability of S. gallinarum was phenotypically tested on DNase agar medium and also by quantitative assay which showed that S. gallinarum has been able to generate the thermostable DNase. DNase was extracted, the activity and specific activity of the crude was 36 (U/ml) and 240(U/mg) respectively. The purification of the enzyme was done by precipitation with ammonium sulphate at saturation (65-85 %) then by using ion exchange chromatography in CM cellulose and gel filtration by in Sephadex G150.The activity and specific activity Purified DNase was 35 (U/ml) and 3500(U/mg) respectively. The optimal PH for DNase was found to be 8 while the enzyme was stable at broad pH range (7, 8, 9 and 10) with remaining activity 94%, 100%, 97%, 86% respectively. The optimal temperature for DNase activity and stability was at 37ºC. The results indicate that DNase activity increased when 10 mM of each MnCl2, KCl, NaCl MgCl2 and CaCl2 were incubated with the enzyme. The molecular weight of DNase was estimated by gel filtration and found that it was approximately 27 KDa.

75


Microplastics Effect on The Physicochemical Parameters and Interaction with Spirulina Platensis Microalgae in Al-Dalmaj Marsh, Iraq

Suhad A. Abeda , Raid Kadhim Abed Alasadya , Ali A. Jazieb 1

aDepartment of Biology, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq

Abstract .Al-Dalmaj Marsh is considered one of the important brackish water body in Iraq as it has a huge fish wealth in addition to the possibility of investment in the place for tourism due to the presence of many archeological and historical sites nearby the AlDalmaj Marsh such as the ancient city of Nippur that demand to monitor the water quality of Al-Dalmaj Marsh and assure to be clean and pollution-free all the time. The physicochemical properties of Al-Dalmaj Marsh water (Temperature, pH, Conductivity, and Dissolved oxygen) were changed from October 2019 to October 2020 due to the decrease in the water level. The present study showed that the water body of the Al-Dalmaj Marsh has microplastics pollution in a ratio reached to 2.6% especially in the south and east sites of the study (S1, S2, S6, S7, S8). Moreover, different types of microplastics (MPs) were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy in the collected samples from the eight sites and it is found that the transparent Polyethylene (PE) is the most abundant MPs. MPs concentrations in the collected samples were changed from (1.9 x103- 2.8 x103 ) in November 2019 to (2.8 x103-3.6 x103 ) items/km2 in November 2020. The growth and chlorophyll content of the Spirulina platensis microalgae showed a clear decrease by adding the different types of MPs and PVC showed the most adverse effect on these two parameters. Besides, Spirulina p. showed great potential to uptake and aggregate MPs particles from the culturing media and work as a bioremediation agent.

76


Ultra-thin Dual-Band Perfect Metamaterials Absorber for Microwave Applications

Khalid Saeed Lateef Al-Badria1, Younes S. Alwanb , Mamoon F. Khalafa

aPhysics Dept., University of Samarra, Iraq. bCollege of Engineering, University of Samarra, Iraq.

Abstract. This article studies an ultra-thin dual-band perfect electromagnetic metamaterials absorber. It presents a typical artificial microwave structure that can realize multi-band perfect metamaterial absorption. The structure design was implemented by using a Four Quarters of Circle Resonator (FQCR), an ultra-thin FR-4 dielectric substrate and an entire metal plate. The simulated results show two perfect absorption peaks with absorption rates, where the first peak hits 99.35%, and the second peak hits 97.81%. In addition, the ratios of the structure thickness to the wavelengths of the proposed design are 1/82 and are 1/66 at resonance frequency 9.12 GHz and 11.34 GHz respectively, which are ultra-thin comparing with wavelengths. By using the distributions of electric surface current, the mechanism of the ultra-thin dual band is described. This absorber is non-sensitive to the TE polarization wave ranging from 00 to 900 and non-sensitive to the TM polarization wave ranging from 00 to 600 for the first peak and to 450 for the second peak. Furthermore, such multi-band absorber promises many x-band applications, such as harvesting, radar cross section RCS, sensing, antenna enhancement, thermal image and detection.

77


Prediction of Compressive Strength of the Masonry of Al-Malwiya Historic Minaret in Samarra

Muhammed A. Husaina1; Safaa Y. Hamadb ; Mohammed M. Faraj; Zahraa H. Hasan

aDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq bDepartment of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq

Abstract This paper is motivated by the need for studies relevant to the strength of the construction of Al-Malwiya historic minaret in Samarra. A combination of experimental tests and an empirical formula is used to present the first approach for predicting the compressive strength of the masonry of Al-Malwiya. The experimental tests are conducted by testing samples of the historic clay bricks to evaluate the compressive strength of the masonry units. A number of empirical models are investigated to choose the most compatible model since there was inability to perform tests for the ancient gypsum mortar of the minaret. The empirical formula presented by Australian standard is found to be the most suitable formula for this study because it takes into consideration multiple parameters, in addition to its applicability for the low strength mortars as the ancient gypsum mortar in the minaret. A conservative value of 4.1 MPa is adopted in present study to predict the compressive strength of the masonry of Al-Malwiya.

78


Fatigue Life Analysis of Laminated Elastomeric Bearing Pad

Mohammed Z. Mohamedmekia , Jihan F. Esmailb , Awadh E. Ajeela 1

aHighway and transportation Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq. b M. Sc. Student, Highway and transportation Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah

University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Abstract. The elastomeric bearing pads playing an important role by transforming the loads from bridge superstructure to its substructure. The fatigue life estimation of these elements is necessary to avoid any problems resulting from deterioration of such elements. To do so, the current study is devoted to develop a three-dimensional model for steel-laminated bearing pad subjected to different designated applied loads. The Ogden model, one of the built-in constitutive models in ABAQUS software, was used to fit the experimental load-deformation curve and to obtain the coefficients of the rubber material used in the pad to feed the ABAQUS software. The pad was modelled with elements C3D8R, C3D8RH, and M3D4R to represent the steel, rubber, and rubber skin respectively. Four loads with three frequencies for each load were selected to applied on modelled pad. Fe-safe, one of ABAQUS software package, was used to find the fatigue life for modelled pad. The results showed a good agreement with previous experimental studies on this field.

79


Response surface methodology: A review on its applications and challenges in microbial cultures

Sura Jasem Mohammed Breiga , Khalid Jaber Kadhum Lutib

a Biochemical engineering department, Al-Khwararizmi collage of engineering, university of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. bBiotechnology Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Abstract. Response surface methodology (RSM) was effectively used for the optimization and modelling of a wide variety of microbial products. This method is a combination of statistical and mathematical technique for model construction, assessing the effect of several independent variables and getting optimum values of variables. The purpose of this paper is to review recent research on the utilization of response surface methodology in the fermentation process to optimize microbial activities and products. In addition to discussing the usefulness of using this method, this article also reviews the current information and the hypothetical concepts as well as the main steps for the application of RSM in microbial cultures. Furthermore, this paper attempts to show the recent implementing studies as well as the challenges that may occur on using response surface methodology as an effective technique to develop the performance of industrial microbial strains. Keywords: response surface methodology, Microbial products, challenges, optimization, secondary metabolites, primary metabolites.

80


Characterization of Microbiological Influence Corrosion for API 5L X46 Pipeline by Sulphate-reducing Bacteria (SRB)

Kadhim Finteel Al-Sultania1 , Zuheir Talib Khulief a1 , Ali Abbas Hasan a1

1a Material Engineering College, university of Babylon, Babylon, 51001, Iraq

Abstract. In this study, the microbiological corrosion behavior of API 5L X46 low steel taken from damaged petroleum transporting pipeline used in Babylon-Iraq were investigated. A swab of samples taken from the area of damage was analyzed by polymer chain reaction device to find out the type of corrosive bacteria present, Desulfovibrio sp was found, which is a sulfide reducing bacteria, and this was confirmed by the analysis of corrosive products X-ray diffraction. Two attacking media were used, the first medium (A) representing the surrounding dead water in the pipeline and the second (B) is a "medium bar" in which sulfur-reducing bacteria were cultivated, the specimens were placed in it for 28 days. Simple immersion test was don; the result show that the A medium has higher percentage of weight loss than B medium . Pure elements, compounds and ions were analyzed for the surrounding water. Scan electron microscope and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy examination of the surface of the specimens was conducted, which gave pictures of the existing bacteria, as the medium (A) only the sulfide bacteria appeared in specimens grown, while the B medium has a completely different surface nature from other media, and this is due to the absence of the role of bacteria in it. Xray diffraction test showed corrosion products taken from samples of all mediums, different results were shown, the compounds present in the medium (A) was associated with the products containing sulfur in their composition only is (FeS), and the medium (B) showed different compounds from the previous two mediums, the most prominent of which were the compounds (FeNO₃ ), which is a compound that may have its source from the interaction of the surrounding environment with the mineral or through the fact that the area is agricultural and it is used in pest control.

81


Effect of hybrid nanoparticles on compression strength of recycled composite Zn –Al alloy

Aveen K. Yawer1 , Dr. Ahmed A. Zainalaadbeen2 and Dr. Niveen J. Abdulkader3

1Materials Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad -Iraq E-mail: [email protected] 2Materials Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad –

Iraq E-mail: [email protected] 3Materials Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad -Iraq E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. In the present study, different weight percentages of (SiC and BN) hybrid nanoparticles that reinforced by ZA alloy have successfully been fabricated through using a stir casting technique. The Hybrid nanoparticle effects on mechanical characteristics, such as compression strength and hardness, have been investigated. The scanning electron microscopy showed the microstructure of the composite. And, the results indicated the uniform distribution of (SiC and BN) hybrid nanoparticles in the Zn-Al matrix. Also, an optical microscope was used to analyze the microstructure, this showed a dendritic structure and reinforcement particles that disappeared uniformly in the matrix with the presence of agglomerate particles. The mechanical characterization results revealed that the hardness and compression increased with increasing the hybrid nanoparticle's percentage.

82


Influence of Crumb Rubber size particles on moisture damage and strength of the hot mix asphalt

Munder A. Bilemaᵃᵇ*, Mohamad Y. Amanᵇ, Norhidayah A. Hassanᶜ, Mohamed K. Haloulᵈ, Saeed S. Modibboᵉ.

ᵃDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya. ᵇDepartment of Highway and Traffic Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental, University Tun Hussein Onn

Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. ᶜDepartment of Geotechnics & Transportation, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. ᵈFaculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. ᵉ Faculty of Engineering,

University of Technology Petronas, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.

Abstract. Tropical countries such as Malaysia experience a high amount of rainfall that can lead to a common type of distress on the roads known as moisture damage. Using waste materials as additives in the asphalt mixture is an innovative measure to improve the quality and strength of the mixture. In this study, 5% of crumb rubber (CR) by the total weight of binder was added to the asphalt mixture in three different sizes of 0.075mm, 0.15mm, and 0.3mm. The wet method was applied to blend the CR with virgin asphalt binder grade 60/70. The aggregate gradation applied in this study was 9.5 Nominal maximum aggregate size. The samples were produced with the Superpave gyratory compactor. Moisture sensitivity (ASSTHO T-283) and indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests were performed to evaluate the impact of the CR sizes on the asphalt mixture. The findings showed that the CR addition improved the strength of the asphalt mixture. Furthermore, there was an increment in the ITS with an increasing size of CR. The addition of 5% CR resulted in a minor reduction of the moisture resistance. Thus, a slight improvement in the moisture resistance was detected with a reduction in CR size. Overall, all asphalt mixtures in this study had TSR of more than 80%, thus passing the moisture damage test requirements.

83


Materials and technologies in road pavements - an overview

Ibtisam Kamala and Yousif Basb

aChemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Soran University, Erbil 44001, Iraq bCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Soran University, Erbil 44001, Iraq

Abstract. One of the major factors endeavors to preserve the lives of those traveling the roadways all over the world is using well designed, strong, durable and safe roadways. The maintenance of roadways and the application of safety planning into every part of construction and the neatly working with stakeholders of transportation safety is one of the channels paid lot of attention by government worldwide. Extensive efforts are conducted by road sector to reduce the risks induced by the bad pavements conditions in addition to other causes procured by driver behavior and vehicle maintenance. Because having an accurate picture and understanding of the effect of road construction materials on traffic safety is key to the felicitous achievement of roadways virtue plans of management, the current work has been carried out to reviewing and highlighting the technologies in particular the innovative used to enhance the properties of materials used in transport structures that deals with increasing road strength and durability as well as traffic safety improvement to reduce roadways accidents. Innovation in using polymer and geopolymer concrete composites, solar panels, supplementary cementing materials, self-healing materials, shape-memory alloy and illuminating cement are included.

84


Study the electronic and spectroscopic properties of XN7 Wurtzoids as a function of size and Al x B7- concentration using Density functional theory

Maryam .M. Habib and Mohammed . T. Hussein

Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Electronic properties including (bond length, energy gap , HOMO, LUMO and density of state) as well as spectroscopic properties such like infrared, Raman scattering, force constant, reduced mass and longitudinal optical mode as a function of frequency are based on size and concentration of the molecular and nanostructures of aluminum nitride ALN, boron nitride BN and AlxB7-XN7 as nanotubes has calculated using Ab –initio approximation method dependent on density functional theory and generalized gradient approximation. The geometrical structure are calculated by using Gauss view 05 as a complementary program. Shows the energy gap of ALN, BN and AlxB7-XN7 as a function of the total number of atoms , start from smallest molecule to reached to Nano structure wurtzoid , wurtzoid2c and triwurtzoid , these values are compared with the experimental bulk value of ALN and BN (6.2eV and 6.4eV) respectively . Longitudinal optical mode frequency, force constant and reduced mass are presented which are agreement with experimental results.

85


Synthesis of ZnO-CdO Nanocomposite by Sol-Gel for NO2 Gas Sensing

Tunis Balasim Hassana , Shaymaa Mahdi Salihb

aMinistry of Education, Vocational Education Directorate, Baghdad, Iraq b Department of Materials Engineering, University of Technology-Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. ZnO-CdO nanocomposites (CZ1, CZ2 and CZ3) were prepared by sol-gel (pyrolysis) technique on the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymeric network for used as thin films coated glass substrate via screen printing as NO2 gas sensitivity agent. The as-synthesized composite samples were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-vis) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results from XRD and FTIR are showed that the formation of the ZnO-CdO nanocomposite. The SEM images are showed that the ZnO-CdO nanocomposites comprise of spherical particles in the size range of 20-30 nm. The optical absorption results revealed that the optical properties of prepared ZnO-CdO nanocomposites. The CZ1 nanocomposite displays perfect capability to discover NO2 gas.

86


Self-Compacting Concrete Beams Reinforced with Steel Fiber under Flexural Loads: A Ductility Index Evaluation

Sief aldeen Odaaa , Mahir M. Hasonb , Amjad Ali K. Sharbac

aDepartment of Planning, General Directorate of Anbar Education, Anbar, Iraq, [email protected]. bDisaster Management Centre, Ministry of Science and Technology, Iraq, [email protected]. cDepartment

of Civil Engineering, University of Mustansiriya, Baghdad, Iraq, [email protected]

Abstract. Although the ductility index of the reinforced concrete element has been the subject of many research objectives and critical analysis recently, scare consideration is carried out to measure the ductility of reinforced self-compacting concrete (SCC) enhanced with steel fiber. Hence, the current study aims to evaluate the ductility, in terms of energy absorption, of reinforced steel fibrous self-compacting concrete beams subjected to experimental flexural force. Twelve reinforced SCC beams experimented under flexural loads including pair groups of six beams (with and without steel fibers). Minimum and maximum steel ratio (𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 and 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥)and three grades of concrete (G20, G50, and G60) are used in this study. Load-displacement curves (𝑃 − ∆) are used as a tool to measure the ductility Energy index (µ𝐸) of the tested SCC beams using Spadea et al (1997) technique [1]. The result shows that the flexural stiffness of the fibrous SCC beam specimens is improved to overcome beam deformation and consequently constrained cracking. The results reveal also that the increase of fibrous material to SCC is extremely efficient. in terms of increasing energy dissipation, flexural capacity, and ductility index (µ𝐸). Besides, the flexural strength grows with increasing steel fiber percentage, steel reinforcement ratio, and concrete compressive strength.

87


Investigate Road Performance using Polymer modified Concrete

Waseem Wathiq Hammodata

aAsst. Lecturer, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research\ Re-Construction and Projects Directorate\ Head of Projects Department, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Polymer-modified cement concrete pavement can not only improve the problem of insufficient durability of asphalt pavement, but also improve the joint damage and cracks of cement concrete pavement. It has become the current research focus of new road materials. Through indoor test methods, the compressive, flexural tensile strength and impact resistance, flexural fatigue resistance, impermeability, frost resistance, shrinkage characteristics and wear resistance of polymer modified cement concrete with different polymer content are studied. The research results show that the polymer has improved these properties, and the improvement effect gradually increases with the increase of the polymer content.

88


1-Isoquinolinyl phenyl ketone as a corrosion inhibitor: A theoretical study

Ennas Abdul Husseina , Dunya Y. Fanfoonb , Raheem A.H. Al-Uqailyc , Ali M. Salmanc , Mustafa M. Kadhimd,*, Abbas W. Salmane and Zaid M. Abbasc

aChemistry Department, College of Science for Women, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq. bDirectorate of Education Qadisiyah, Qadisiyah, Iraq cDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Wasit University, Kut, Wasit,

Iraq. dDepartment of Nursing, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit, Iraq eDepartment of Production, College of Agriculture, Wasit University, Kut, Wasit, Iraq *Corresponding author: Mustafa M. Kadhim Email:

[email protected]

Abstract. The compound 1-Isoquinolinyl phenyl ketone (1IPK) was studied theoretically as a corrosion inhibitor by quantum mechanics calculations and docking models. Density functional theory (DFT) of B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) and parameterization model 3 (PM3) using the Gaussian-09 and CASTEP programs was also employed to discuss the inhibition ability. Molecular graphic laboratory (MGL) tools program and discovery studio visualizer (DSV) used to estimate the ability for inhibition Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans (AF) bacteria, which is responsible for the corrosion. The calculations of physical properties and quantum chemical parameters correlated to the inhibition efficiency and discussed at the equilibrium geometry. The results indicated that the 1- Isoquinolinyl Phenyl Ketone could be adsorbed on the mild steel surface firmly through the nitrogen atom on the isoquinoline rings and the carbonyl group. Besides, the moderate values of parameters describe the low-efficiency of inhibition in acidic and saline medium. Total electron density (TED) and electrostatic surface potential (ESP) Figures showed the active site that is involved in the inhibition processes. In addition, the adsorption types were studied by different parameters.

89


Influence of Design Anode and Cathode Channel on (PEMFC) Fuel Cell Performance

Yasir Al-Okbi1,a , Ahmed Salim Naser Al-murshedi2,b , Mohammed Najeh Nemah2 , Hussein Awad Kurdi2,3,c

1Baghdad University, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq, 2Engineering Technical College-Najaf, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, 3200, Najaf, Iraq, 3Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL32114, USA E-mail: a

[email protected]; [email protected]; c [email protected]

Abstract. This paper is focussed on investigating into some key aspects relating to design of an integrated proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Analysis of all currently utilised storage mediums was undertaken. High and low inlet operating conditions were studied by determining the distributions of over potentials, velocity distribution, and pressure. At entrance and exit, a triangle channel flow-field was predicted to have better polarization performance and regular velocity distribution, whereas for rectangular that was performance differences among four serpentine flow-fields for hydrogen and air. The pressure in the triangle channels were monitored to have periodically similar plots and showed important low pressure drop. Considering low pressure drop of rectangular channel has mid effect between triangles and rectangular for the same dimension that depends on the hydraulic diameter, these flow-fields would be beneficial for the larger inlet channel area. The study found that the triangular channels produced a better performance than their square flow path counterparts.

90


Comparative study of the different materials combinations used for roof insulation in Iraq

Aysha Sh. Hasana , Obed M. Ali b,* , Ahmed A. Husseina

aKirkuk Technical College, Northern Technical University, 36001 Kirkuk, Iraq bNorthern Technical University, 36001 Kirkuk, Iraq

Abstract. In this study, investigation of the different materials combinations used for roof insulation in Iraq has been conducted. Rate of heat transfer and cost analysis were performed using three samples of roof insulation combinations commonly used in Iraq in addition to the reinforced cement roof as a threshold for comparison. The materials used in these combinations include; concrete tile, sand, concrete, and cork. The study results showed that the rate of heat flow reduced by 79%, 98% and 98% with the implementation of combination B, C and D respectively compared to that of concrete without insulation. However, the cost of materials and construction have been increased when using these combinations compared to that of concrete without insulation. The extra cost per unit reduction of heat flow increased by 60%, 100% and 150% when using combination B, C and D respectively compared to that of concrete without insulation. Though sample D shows slightly better insulation performance, extra cost per unit reduction of heat flow observed compared to sample C. Accordingly, the addition of more insulations in sample D represent extra cost without any significant reduction in the heat flow and the optimum combination achieved with sample C compared to B and D.

91


An experimental test of the performance enhancement of Savonius turbine by modify inner surface of a blade

Salih Meri Al Absia,1 , Abdullah Hasan Jabbara , Salim Oudah Mezanc,d , Bakir Ahmed AlRawia , Salah thajeel al_attabia

aMinistry of Industry and Minerals, Baghdad, Iraq b,cAl-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Directorate of Al-Muthanna Health, Ministry of Health, Republic of Iraq cDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology,

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia. dDirectorate of Education Al-Muthanna, Ministry of Education, Republic of Iraq.

Abstract. The Exploiting wind energy in the areas available to it to generate electric energy, which is a type of renewable energy. The Savonius turbine could be a type of vertical axis wind turbine of choice for power production and off-grid application, allowing exploitation in confined spaces and areas with low wind speed. This research aims to improve the performance efficiency of Savonius elliptical turbines by developing parameters of blade shape and overlap ratio. A series of 2D unsteady simulations (CFDFluent version 19.1) with using the Shear-stress transport (SST) k-ω model of the classical Savonius elliptical turbine (Model2) was performed by improving the overlap ratio of the rotor. Classical elliptical Savonius turbine was modified by changing the overlap ratio from the value (0.1, 0.15, and 0.2). Then, changing the inner surface of the blade in the concave part and transforming it into a regular zigzag shape and testing the models in an open wind tunnel system. The result of the 2D simulation of Model-2 at OR = 0.2 the increase value of the obtained maximum power factor is 3.85% and 6.89% compared to the overlap ratio (0.15 and 0.1), respectively. The result of the experimental test was obtained the maximum power coefficient (0.292, 0.26) at wind velocity (9 m/s), for Model-modified and Model-classical respectively. Here, the Model-modified gave the best contribution in raising the performance efficiency of the elliptical Savonius turbine.

92


Highly Efficient Sorption of Thorium (IV) onto a Ternary Magnetic TiO2/Fe3O4/GO Nanocomposite

Eman kamal a , Hamdy G. b , Inas. A. El-Sabbaghb , Taher F.A.b,c

a Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority (ENRRA, Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt) b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls, Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt) c Al-Azhar Technology

Incubator (ATI, Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt)

Abstract. A recyclable TiO2 / Fe3O4 / GO (TFGO) ternary magnetic nanocomposite was developed for the adsorption of Th (IV) from an aqueous media. The nanocomposite was prepared using a simple colloidal mixing technique. The TFGO nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The nanocomposite is conveniently isolated by applying an external magnetic field. Using batch procedures, the impact of adsorption process control parameters was examined. The maximum Th (IV) adsorption capacity of the TFGO nanocomposite was 29.97 mg / g at pH 2.5 with 92.31%, removal efficiency better than that of conventional adsorbents. The isothermal models of Langmuir and Freundlich were also applied to illustrate the adsorption of Th (IV) of aqueous solutions on TFGO. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG°) of the adsorption process were also calculated. Furthermore, the experimental data from this adsorption process were adapted to the pseudo second order model rather than the pseudo first order model. TFGO nanocomposite exhibits outstanding recovery properties. So; due to highly adsorption potential of Th (IV), TFGO nanocomposite could be used in nuclear fuel accomplishments and for Th (IV) environmental pollution cleaning.

93


Study the Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis by Laser Ablation in Liquid

Ghufran. S. Jabera , khawla S khashanb*, Maha Jamal Abbasc

aDivision of Laser science and technology, Department of Applied Science, University of Technology , Iraq aAl-Turath university, Iraq bDivision of Laser science and technology, Department of Applied Science University of

Technology , Iraq. cCollege of Dentistry, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Iraq

Abstract. The antibacterial activity of Zinc oxide nanoparticles against Lactobacillus bacteria was studied. The ZnONPs were fabricated by Pulsed laser ablation of Zinc plate in liquid (DDW) with the various numbers of laser pulses, and 600mJ laser energy. The optical and structural properties of synthesized ZnO NPs were measured by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. The results prove that the particles have a spherical shape and homogenous structure. The results of the antibacterial activity of ZnONPs on lactobacillus bacteria exhibit an increase in inhibition zone increase as an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles.

94


Effect of Tin Addition on Corrosion Resistance and Microstructure of Cu-Based Shape Memory Alloy

Raad Suhail Ahmed Adnan 1, a* , Muna Khethier Abbass 2,b , and Dalia Mohammed Jomaa3,a

a Department Materials of Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq,Baghdad,10066 ,Iraq b Department of Production Engineering and Metallurgy , University of Technology-Iraq,Baghdad,10066 ,Iraq

Abstract. This research investigates the effect of tin addition on corrosion resistance and micro structure of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy with addition three different percentages of Tin (0.3,1 &3)wt% to the base alloy. These alloys were prepared by casting and pouring in the metallic mold under argon atmosphere, then the prepared ingots were homogenized and machined by wire cutting into a small samples for corrosion test. X-ray diffraction inspection and scanning electron microscope were used for microstructural observations. Corrosion tests were carried out in sea water (3.5wt% NaCl solution ) at three different temperatures (25, 40 and 60)◦C. The results showed that the corrosion resistance increased with addition percentage of tin metal and with rising temperature, It was observed that the 3% tin addition gave the best results in corrosion rate with rising temperature upto 60◦C and also in microstructure the same percentage gave a fine grain size Then the 0.3% Tin Addition and Finally the 1% Tin Addition. .

95


Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity Studies of New Heterocyclic Azo Dye Derived from 2-amino- 4,5- dimethyl Thiazole with Some Metal ions

Azal S. Waheeb 1 and Khalid J. Al-Adilee 2

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University, Al- Muthanna, Iraq 1 Emial :- [email protected] Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Al- Qadisiyah , Iraq. 2 Emial:- khalid.jawad @qu.edu.iq

Abstract. A novel heterocyclic azo dye ligand 2-[2- (4,5-Dimethyl thiazolyl)azo]- 4-methoxy phenol (DMeTAMP) was prepared by coupling reaction between diazonium salt produced from diazonited 2-amino- 4,5- dimethyl thiazole with 4 –methoxy phenol . The structures of the azo dye ligand and the metal complexes were characterized by elemental microanalyses (C.H.N.S), molar conductance, 1H and 13C- NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy , FT-IR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, thermal analysis (TGA) , FESEM , mass spectra and XRD diffraction studies. The results appeared that prepared complexes offered [1:2] metal- ligand ratios and the ligand behaved as a tridentate chelating .The compounds were also tested for their bioactive property such as antibacterial and antifungal . The antioxidant activities of the ligand and Mn(II) complex were examined by using the DPPH radical scavenging method the compounds prove exhibited antioxidant properties of scavenging free radicals. Moreover, the anticancer properties of synthesized azo dye ligand and Mn(II) complexes were carried out against Colon cancer cell (CaCo2) cell lines by MTT assay and results revealed that the prepared compounds exhibited good anticancer property and are very promising candidates for future applications in antitumor drugs . The finding indicated that these compounds have special significance in the field of medicine and pharmacy.

96


Prospective of Microwave-assisted and hydrothermal synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots/Silver nanoparticles for Spectrophotometric Determination of Losartan Potassium in

Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Formulations

Fadam Muteb Abdoona,1 and Hayfaa Mohammad Atawyb

a,bDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq 1Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract. The present study included green chemistry applications in the preparation of carbon quantum dots/Silver nanoparticles (CQDs/Ag nanocomposite). The suggested methods have been applied with the use of microwave and hydrothermal to create quantum dots prepared from glucose and natural orange juice that used in the reduction and stabilization of Ag ion to synthesize CQDs/Ag nanocomposite(I) and CQDs/Ag nanocomposite (II) respectively (method (I ) and (II)). CQDs/Ag nanocomposite was used as a colorimetric sensor for the sensitive determination of losartan potassium (LoK) drug belongs to Angiotensin II receptor blockers. The interaction between the studied drug and CQDs/Ag nanocomposite was measured at λ max of 409, 417 nm for the method(I) and method (II) respectively. Good linear relationships were obtained,under optimum conditions in the range of (1-26) , (2-46) µg.mL -1 (R=0.9973, 0.9994), the recovery average was 99.65% and 97.62 %, the relative standard deviation not more than 0.76% and 1.11% for method(I) and method(II) respectively. The methods were successfully applied to the estimation of losartan potassium in pharmaceutical formulations(tablets). The proposed method is environmentally safe because it uses environmentally friendly and non-toxic raw materials and the solvent used is water.

97


Study of The Effect of Particle Diameters on Two-Phase (Air-Solid) Fluidization Bed Hydrodynamics

Huda Ridha1 , Mohammed Ghalib Al- Azawy2

1Veterinary medicine, Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of engineering, Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq

Abstract. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is executed through a model of gas-particle two phase based on fluidized bed. The influences of particle size and inlet velocity on the fluidization process are discussed. The results showed that at the time of the simulation, the height of solid particles inside the pipe increased as the air velocity increased, the pressure drop for the three particle sizes during time is near and constant, Also showed the volume fraction increases as the velocity of the inlet air increases. As with the voidage, it decreases and then increases slightly as the velocity increases, but with a large diameter is the opposite. The volume fraction decreases with increasing bed height. Finally, the model can predict the shape of radial-direction particle patterns.

98


The effect of nano titanium oxide particle incorporation on characteristic of denture base material

Zainab A Azeeza , Rihab Amer Kareemb , Salwan Sami Abdulwahhabc

aAssistant Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad bAssistant Lecturer, Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Dijlah University College cAssistant Lecturer, Prosthodontics, Department

of Dentistry, Dijlah University College

Abstract. State of problem: heat cure acrylic denture base material considers as the widely used type of material in complete denture construction but still need to improve its mechanical properties. The aim of the current work was to assess the result of incorporation of 3 % wt of Titanium oxide Nano particles(silanized ) on some characteristic of Polymethylmethacrylate denture base material. Materials & methods: 80 samples were constructed , 40 samples were constructed from heat cured PMMA had no incorporation (control) and 40samples were constructed from heat cured acrylic by the incorporation of Titanium oxide Nanoparticle by probe ultrasonication apparatus. Each set of samples was distributed into four sub groups according to the examined test be accomplished . Results: the tensile strength and wettability were detected a highly significant increase by the adding of Titanium oxide Nano particles while no significant effect in porosity then color stability test. Conclusions: adding of 3 % wt of TiO2Nano particles(silanized) to Polymethylmethacrylate denture base material increase the tensile strength and wettability of heat cured denture base material on the other hand this incorporation had no effect on porosity and color stability.

99


Preparation and studying of some properties of polymer blend reinforced by natural powder

Wafaa Mahdi Salih 1, a

l Department of Materials Engineering, University of Technology ,Iraq a [email protected]

Abstract .utilizing of Epoxy (EP) and Unsaturated Polyester (UP) mixed combined to create ternary polymer blend , these polymeric blends as a matrix, with a various mass fraction of (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) contingent upon most elevated Impact test (I.S) of the best result of polymer blend relying on to choose the ideal blending proportions of the mixes. To reinforce the selected common natural powders (conches) in various mass fractions (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) some mechanical tests are done on these examples, and these are tensile, impact, and hardness. The results show that examples of mixes composite with (conches) powders better mechanical properties of . It’s showed (EP/UP)reinforced by conches have better results than pure polymer blend that recorded (10.4 MPa, 0.91 KJ/m2 ) at (10 %Wt.) conches are than compared with (2.3 MPa, 0.5 kJ/m2 ) at (0% Wt.) in tensile, impact tests respectively. The powders expand the capacity of polymers to absorb the vitality and the quality would is expanded. It is seen that the conches powders with were expanding mass fraction show a higher increment of I.S. finally the density increased and porosity decreased when increasing mass fractions of conches powders in the polymer blend. water absorption decreasing with an increasing the ratio of mass fractions of conches powder in the polymer blend. the application of this research is the production of new polymer blend composites by using (epoxy/polyester) as matrix reinforced by natural particles which are suitable material for structural applications such as windows panels, sliding door, and partition walls, as well as some parts in an automobile like a dashboard , bumper.

100


The role of surface roughness during fretting corrosion of 316L stainless steel

Hussain Hadya , Ali Sabea Hammooda , L. Thair b,1

aDepartment of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq b Iraq Atomic Energy Commission, Nuclear Research Center, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Fretting corrosion is a synergistic process between the mechanical events and the chemical attack of two contacted surfaces for similar or different alloys. Since implant devices are designed to slide or rotate to perform their function, implant devices may subject to mechanical interaction such as friction, wear damage, together with a corrosive attack as it in contact with human body fluids. The current study focuses on assessing the fretting corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel (SS) under several applied load (0.5–10) N and grinded surface (400, 600, and mirror finish) grit. The experiment was performed by using a pin on disc technique surrounded by 25oC Phosphate buffer saline. The morphology, elemental analysis, and resistance to fretting corrosion are investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) as well as the Tafel extrapolation method. The results demonstrate that the mirror surface finish gives a lower average fretting corrosion current density value with less debris generation as compared with rougher surface (400 and 600) grit. However, when a high load is applied, the current density seems to be struggling in recovering to the baseline due to the initiation of localized corrosion. The SEM scan clarified the arising of fretting islands. The EDS analysis indicated a high accumulation of chromium and oxygen elements on the fretted area border as compared to the center.

101


Microalgae Biomass Conversion into Biofuel Using Modified HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst: A Review

Mustafa Jawad Nuhmaa,b, Hajar Aliasa , Muhammad Tahira , Ali A. Jazie*b 1.

aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia. bChemical Engineering Department, Engineering college, University of

Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq.

Abstract. Microalgae is one of the most important sources of green hydrocarbons and it is likely to reduce dependence on fossil fuels due to the high percentage fats of microalgae, and also has a rapid growth rate and consumes the carbon dioxide in large quantities. Besides, the cultivation of microalgae does not require arable land. This short review aims to explain the suitability of microalgae as a biofuel source depending on the content of lipids, and catalytic chemical processes to convert the crude oil of microalgae into biofuels by using different types of modified HZSM-5 zeolites. Also, this review sheds light on the different methods to modify HZSM-5 zeolite toward enhancing the selectivity of cracking and deoxygenation processes by using modified HZSM-5 zeolite with rare earth metals.

102


Facile extraction of chitin and chitosan from shrimp shell

F. Hishama , M.H. Maziati Akmalb 1, F.B. Ahmadc , Kartini Ahmadb

aDepartment of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University. Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia b Department of Science in

Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University. Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. cDepartment of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International

Islamic University. Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract. In this study, the chitin and chitosan were extracted from shrimp shell through two-steps acid and alkaline treatment. The shrimp shell was deproteinized by 1 M of sodium hydroxide and demineralised by 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of hydrochloric acid, respectively. The produced chitin was characterized by FTIR and FESEM. FTIR depicted that the chitin extracted from shrimp shell was in α-chitin isomorph. The surface morphology of chitin was found to increase with an increase in acid concentration. The chitosan film with rod-like micro-structure was produced when dissolved in 2% of acetic acid. It was shown that chitosan with 65% of DD was successfully produced using this chemical route.

103


Extraction and Mass Transfer Study of Cupressus Sempervirens L. Oil by Hydro-distillation Method

Khaled J. Hamid a , Badoor M. Kurjia , Khalid M. Abed b,c *1

a Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia c Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. The extraction of Cupressus sempervirens L. or cypress essential oil was studied in this paper. This cypress oil was extracted by using the hydro-distillation method, using a clevenger apparatus. Cupressus sempervirens L. leaves were collected from Hit city in Al-Anbar province - Iraq. The influences of three important parameters on the process of oil extraction; water which used as a solvent to the solid ratio (5:1 and 14:1 (ml solvent/g plant), temperature (30 to 100 °C) and processing time, were examined to obtain the best processing conditions to achieve the maximum yield of the essential oil. Also, the mathematical model was described to calculate the mass transfer coefficient. Therefore, the best conditions, that were obtained in this study, were at 4hr as a reaction time, the temperature of about 100°C, solvent to solid ratios of 10:1 ml solvent/g plant. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient at ratios 10:1 and 14:1 solvent to solid ratio were 0.017 and 0.007 min -1 respectively. Thus, it took less time to extract the Cupressus Sempervirens L. oil by using the 10:1 compared to using 14:1 solvent to solid ratio. The composition compounds of extracted C. sempervirens L. essential oil was analyzed and identified by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).

104


Characterization of Corrosion and Antibacterial Resistance of Hydroxyapatite/Silver Nano Particles Powder on 2507 Duplex Stainless Steel

Furqan Wahhab Abdulsadaª, Ali Sabea Hammoodª

aMaterisl Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineenig, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq

Abstract. Hydroxyapatite-Silver (HAp /AgNPS) coating on 2507 duplex stainless steel (DSS) by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process was done to improve corrosion and antibacterial resistance of 2507 DSS. The uncoated and coated 2507 DSS substrates were submerged in the physiological solution (Ringer) at 37°C in this research. The ideal EPD parameters for good 2507 DSS coating were 20 V and 3 minutes, with homogeneous layer free of cracks, and low porosity. The corrosion results showed that all 2507 DSS coated samples had a lesser corrosion current density than the 2507 DSS uncoated sample and thus better corrosion resistance, while antibacterial results indicate that AgNPS play an effective role in destroying and inhibiting bacteria.

105


Estimation of Airborne Radon concentration inside Historical Roman Building at Southeastern, Egypt

Hanfi Mohamed. Ya,b , Masoud S. Masoud b and Mostafa Y.A Mostafaa,c

a Ural Federal University, Mira St.19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia. bNuclear Materials Authority, 520, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt cPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

Abstract. Earth crust is the elementary source of radon gas. The presence of radioactive gases like radon and thoron in the surrounding environment is fundamentally due to the existence of these radionuclides or their parents in the soil, rocks, and building materials which are based on the earth's crust. So, it is needful to estimate these hazard radionuclides content in the ambient environments. The remnants of Roman buildings are located in in the Seila area, south-eastern, Egypt. A model masonry building is used to evaluate the indoor radon concentration. Airborne radon concentration was determined in a room with a volume dimension of 29.8 m3 and a surface area of 49.6 m2 , with an air exchange rate of 1 h-1 . The detection of uranium contents in the building materials of the roman house using a handled spectrometer RS-230. The estimated radon flux density JDb is 2 ±0.46 mBqm-2 s -1 . The indoor radon concentration-related radon flux density was estimated at 20 Bqm-3 . This value is lower than the worldwide average of 40 Bqm-3 with indoor annual effective dose ERn, indoor (mSv) 0.6 mSv. This value is also lower than the worldwide effective dose of 1 mSv according to UNSCEAR.

106


Mechanical Analysis of Hip & Knee Implants Regarding Different Activities Conditions and Different Materials

Dr. Sadiq J.Abbassa , Rana I. Abedb

a Assistant Professor, Biomedical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq bMSc, Biomedical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq

Abstract. The biomechanical analysis integrates mechanical engineering with biology to fully understand the biological materials behavior. The analysis of finite elements is widely used for the analysis of deformation and stress. In this study the first stage is the geometries of the necessary three dimensional implants, using two geometries. The 3D solid constructs of these models were created by CAD software (SOLIDWORK) and exported to ANSYS to study their actions during static patient standing, normal walking, running, and jumping activities under different loading boundary conditions. And also studying the behaviors of the implants for different materials. The results showed that stress and deformation distributions increased according to daily life activities from the smallest value in the case of standing, then increases in the case of walking, then jumping, and running. The analysis also revealed, and compared, the stress and deformation distributions for various materials. In future might use the same idea but with internal or external fixation.

107


Evaluation of mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of maxillofacial silicone material after incorporation of zirconia nanopowder

Mustafa S. Tukmachia,* , Ihab N. Safia , Mohammed Moudhaffer M. Alib

1 aLecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq bProfessor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Resilient polymeric materials such as silicone elastomers are currently used for maxillofacial prostheses construction but the strength of these materials and their clinical performance need to be optimized with the addition of reinforcing fillers. This study investigates the effect of zirconia nano filler addition on tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, Shore A hardness, surface roughness and cytotoxicity of VST-50 maxillofacial silicone. Silicone base was mixed with different amounts (1%, 2% and 3%) of zirconia nanopowder using a vacuum mixer. Silicone without filler was used as control for comparison. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy were utilized to assess the efficiency of high-shearing vacuum mixing as filler dispersion method and the surface topography, respectively. Both SEM and AFM images showed that the zirconia nanopowder were distributed fairly well within the polymer. Statistically, highly significant increase in tear strength, tensile strength and hardness with non-significant decrease in elongation at break and non-significant increase in surface roughness were seen with 1% and 2% groups. Whereas with 3% group, there was significant improvement in tear strength, tensile strength and hardness but there was significant undesirable decrease in elongation and increase in roughness. Cytotoxicity test revealed that the addition of zirconia nanopowder was nontoxic to Rat Embryonic Fibroblast (REF) cells and there was non-significant change in the cell viability of all study groups after 24- and 72-hours incubation periods. In conclusion, the addition of 2% by weight nano zirconia to VST-50 maxillofacial silicone could be beneficial in enhancing its performance.

108


Study of Mechanical Properties Behaviour of Biodegradable Blends Based on Wood adhesive, Lactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, and aloe Vera

Zainab J. Sweah1 , Mohammed Ali jaber2 , Ahmed J. Mohammed2 ,

Department of Chemistry and Polymer Technology1 , Department of Physics and Material science2 , Polymer Research Center. University of Basrah, Iraq

Abstract. In this work, polymer blends of PVA and wood Adhesive with aloe Vera gel as antibacterial (germs-killing) were prepared by pouring the solvent and bonded with lactic acid to improve its properties. Mechanical properties were examined closely with the presence of aloe Vera gel and lactic acid into PVA /wood Adhesive polymer blends, while the lactic acid crosslinking promoted the formation of good polymer blends with anew behavior in comparison to those of the polymer blends without lactic acid and aloe Vera gel. . the worth the mechanical properties of (PVA/wood adhesive) blends measured the elongation, Young’s modulus, and stress-strain have good mechanical properties of these polymer blends can be used for many applications such as packaging, wound healing, and drug delivery applications

109


Effect of annealing temperatures on the structural and crystalline properties of CaTiO3 powder synthesized via conventional solidstate method

Samah K.AbdulKareema , Sami A.Ajeelb

aProduction & Metallurgy Engineering Department, University of Technological ,Baghdad, 10001, Iraq bProduction & Metallurgy Engineering Department, University of Technological ,Baghdad, 10001, Iraq

Abstract. Calcium titanate (CaTiO3) synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction method with a stoichiometric molar ratio. The mixed powder was calcined at different temperatures in range of 700–1200 °C for 2 hours. Influence of different calcination temperatures on the solid-state reaction synthesis and structural and crystalline size of CaTiO3 was analyzed by x-ray diffraction, all diffraction peaks can be assigned to the orthorhombic structure. Calcium titanate (CaTiO3) is completely formed at 1200 °C/2 h, as the pure reaction product. The average crystallite sizes of CaTiO3 was estimated using Scherer's equation from the XRD patterns. The Functional groups were analyzed by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer. The Surface Morphology and Changes in powder size due to milling and calcined were analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy. The elemental Composition was deliberated by using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy.

110


Numerical Modelling of Bilayer Tetra Periodic Metamaterials to Predict the Elastic Response

Prajit S. Rawtea ,Priyank Upadhyayab1

aUndergraduate Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Science and Technology Pilani, 345055, Dubai bAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Science and

Technology Pilani, 345055, Dubai

Abstract. Metamaterials that exhibit negative Poisson’s ratio are termed as auxetic materials. The chiral and achiral honeycombs comprising of an array of cylinders connected by ligaments are one class of auxetic metamaterials. These structures have been investigated for their in-plane linear elastic behavior in the past. In this paper, novel bilayer tetra periodic structures are proposed by combining chiral and/or achiral honeycombs along the out-of-plane direction. Finite element (FE) models are developed for estimation of inplane linear Elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio. In the first step, the present FE model is verified with the help of experimental data for single layer tetra-chiral and tetra-achiral structures available in the literature. Subsequently, following identical methodology, the linear elastic constants of bilayer structures are computed. A comparison of bilayer tetra periodic structures with the single-layer tetra chiral/achiral metamaterials is presented. Further, a parametric analysis (for varied geometries) was performed to find a correlation between the geometry and mechanical behavior.

111


Optimization and modeling the impact of a green cementless binder and biogenic nanosilica on cement setting time

Ibtisam Kamala , Ammar Alib,c and Aryan Far Sherwanid

aChemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Soran University, Erbil 44001, Iraq bGeneral Company for Ports of Iraq, Department of Engineering Affairs, Basrah 61004, Iraq cCivil engineering department ,

Iraq University College, Basrah 61004, Iraq dCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Soran University, Erbil 44001, Iraq

Abstract. This work deals with the possible use of a renewable resource; the ash of walnut shell as partial replacement for cement to produce an economical and ecologically friendly cementinous binding material for cement, mortar and concrete. The agricultural waste; the walnut shell was processed and converted to ash in order to increase its pozzzolanic properties. The green ash is characterized and converted chemically to nanosilica to be incorporated later into cement contain the optimum content of the green pozzolanic admixture. A statistical method is used to narrow the number of experiments, followed by computational optimization to identify the optimal balance of the cementless additive and water/cement ratio on initial and final setting time, as well as modeling the influence of the variables on setting time. Reference samples of cement samples are prepared and evaluated for the purpose of comparison. The results obtained revealed that walnut shell ash act as green binder for partial replacement of cement, and the optimum content of walnut shell ash in cement which can retain the cement setting time is 22 % wt. Also, the incorporation of nanosilica resulted in decrease of the setting time of (cement-walnut shell ash) fresh paste.

112


Recovery of Copper from Waste PCB Boards using Electrolysis Sourav Choubeya, Prerna Goswamib , Shina Gautamc

aInstitute of Chemical Technology,Matunga, Mumbai, India

bInstitute of Chemical Technology,Matunga, Mumbai, India

cShroff S.R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology,Ankleshwar, India

Abstract. Utilizing Electrical and Electronic products has imbibed into the habitual activity of every human being. This has lead to the increase in the yield of E-Waste. Due to the Existence of toxic substances in E-Waste, it needs to be handled carefully as it has adverse impact on the environment. The improper disposal of Electrical and Electronic Waste has caused some metals to accumulate in the air which degrades the atmosphere. Hence proper disposal or recycling of the scrapped Electrical and Electronic products is mandatory and of major concern for research. The E-Waste contains several materials like Gold, Silver, Copper, Iron…etc. Extraction of all these metals from the scrapped electrical and Electronic Products in an environment friendly manner is of utmost importance. Electro chemical, Pyrometallurgical, Hydrometallurgical and Bioleaching are the most efficient methods to extract metals. The principal metal present in the scraped electronic products is copper. In this research work, printed circuit boards of Desktop Computers are used to extract metals from them. The electrolysis process is carried out with selective anode and cathode to extract copper from it. The current density is optimized to get maximum extraction efficiency of copper.

113


Characterization of Cadmium oxide nanoparticles prepared through

Nd:YAG laser ablation process Zainab T. Hussaina, Khawla S. Khashanb*, Rana O. Mahdib

a Directorate of Materials Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.

b Laser Science and Technology division, Applied Science department, University of Technology, Iraq

Abstract. Cadmium oxide CdO nanoparticles NPs were manufactured by Nd: YAG laser ablation of a pure Cd plate in liquid. The properties of prepared CdO NPs were investigated. The XRD pattern results proved the formation of CdO NPs cubic structures at angle diffraction 33°, 38°, 44°, and 55°. SEM image verified that the nanoparticles are nearly spherical with size ranging from (4nm - 60nm). The UV–visible absorbance of CdO NPs has a high value in the UV wavelength region with an optical bandgap of3.2eV. Also, the characteristics of photodetector performance CdONPs/Si in dark and in light conditions shown that the junction has appropriate rectification behavior.

114


STUDY OF SOME ELECTRONIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF ZnO

NANOSTRUCTERS BY DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY Fatima A. Hasana, Mohammed T. Husseinb1

a,b Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. The electronic and spectroscopic properties of ZnO nanostructures were evaluated by ab-initio density functional theory and generalized gradient approximation calculations combined with many-body, all calculations using Gaussian 09 program. These electronic properties including energy gap, density of state and bond length were calculated, also the spectroscopic properties like infrared and Raman scattering, force constant and reduced mass were calculated and compared with longitudinal optical mode of vibration. The geometrical structure of ZnO molecules and wurtzoids nanostructures were studied with the help of using Gauss view 05 program. The energy gaps of cyclohexane, Wurtzoid, wurtzoid2C and tri-wurtzoid are (4.48, 3.35, 3.4 and 3.096 eV) respectively, these values agreement with experimental values for ZnO wurtzite bulk (3.3 eV). As well as, the Spectroscopic study of IR and Raman scattering, force constant, and reduced mass as a function of frequencies showed an agreement with the experimental results.

115


Characterizations and testing some mechanical properties of prepared PMMA-Lithium disilicate glass ceramic composite for

denture base application Dhuha H. Mohammeda, Mustafa S. Tukmachia,*, Ihab N. Safia 1

aLecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Denture bases are fabricated routinely using Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) acrylic resin. Yet, it is commonly known for its major drawbacks such as insufficient strength and ductility. The purpose of this study was to improve the performance of PMMAacrylic resin as a denture base material by reinforcement with surface treated lithium disilicate glass ceramic powder. The ceramic powder was prepared by grinding and sieving IPS e.max CAD MT blocks. Then, the powder was surface treated with anorganosilane coupling agent (TMSPM) and added to PMMA in amount of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% by weight. Characterizations ofthe powder was done by particle size analysis, XRD and FTIR. Transverse strength, Impact strength, Shore D hardness and surface roughness were tested for the prepared composites and neat PMMA. Particle size analysis showed that the average particle diameter was 1.46 µm. XRD confirmed the microstructure of IPS e.max CAD MT. FTIR showed the presence of TMSPM functional groups in the powder after treatment and there was a chemical interaction between the treated powder and the PMMA after the addition. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test showed that there was a highly significant increase (P<0.01) in transverse strength,impact strength and hardness with non-significant increase in roughness for 1% group. The mean values of 1% group were 67.3MPa for transverse strength, 5.21 kJ/m2 for impact strength, 89.8 for Shore D hardness and 1.22 µm for surface roughness. While for control group, mean values were 59.3 MPa for transverse strength, 3.74 kJ/m2 for impact strength, 87.1 for Shore D hardness and 1.1 µm for surface roughness. However, with higher amounts of powder, there was a highly significant decrease in transverse strength and increase in roughness which was considered undesirable. In conclusion, reinforcing PMMA denture base material with 1% lithium disilicate glass ceramic powder may have the potential for enhancing the clinical performance of this material.

116


Temperature Effect on the Efficiency of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis

Leaves in the Acid corrosion of Carbon Steel Lubna Ghaliba,*, Hyman Jafar Meerza Al Jaaf b, Hadeel A. Abdulghanic1 aDepartment of Materials Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad-Iraq bDepartment of Materials Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad-Iraq cDepartment of Materials Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad-Iraq

Abstract. The corrosion phenomenon is greatly affected by temperature. In general, the rate of corrosion increases with rising the temperature. The influence of temperature on the efficiency of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis leaves (ECl) have studied using gravimetric method in temperature range 20 - 60 °C, in the absence and presence of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis leaves (ECl) at0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 g/ml concentrations. The results indicate that ECl exhibits a great performance as inhibitor to carbon steel in 2M and 4 M HCl. It can be observed from the experimental results that the inhibition efficiency of EucalyptusCamaldulensis leaves decreases with rise in temperature which indicates that the inhibition is due to the adsorption of the ECl on carbon steel surface. The highest inhibitor efficiency of 91.56% was obtained at 20 °C in the 2M HCl and the least inhibitor efficiency of 28.18% was obtained at 60 °C in the 4M HCl. The adsorption of ECl conforms to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Kinetics parameters as well as thermodynamic adsorption parameters were calculated and debated.

117


Ni, Cu, and Zn metal ions removal from synthetic wastewater using

a watermelon rind (Catullus landaus) Zaidoon M. Shakora, Haider H. Mahdia, Farooq Al-Sheikha1, Ghanim M. Alwana,

Thaer Al-Jadirb aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

bEnvironmental Research Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Nowadays, wastewater from different industrial activities is a crucial problem, with increasing this type of pollution, finding efficient and environment-friendly solutions is still a big challenge. This study demonstrates using a watermelon rind as an absorbent to remove Ni, Cu, and Zn ions from the synthetic solution by investigating effects of the different initial concentrations, adsorbed doses, temperatures, contact times and pH on the adsorption efficiency. Results of the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) mentioned that the adsorption was accomplished by active hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups while kinetic, and thermodynamic studies were represented by a pseudo-second order equation and indicated that the process was spontaneous. The maximum adsorption uptake capacities were 40.65, 44.85, and 52.81 mg/g of Ni, Cu, and Zn ions respectively by the Langmuir isotherm. The optimal experimental conditions were dose (2.5 g), pH (6) and Time (30 min) while ANOVA analysis was used to find correlations to describe Ni, Cu, and Zn ions removal at acceptable correlation coefficients.

118


Performance Analysis of WDM-SDM System with Employing Phase-Conjugated Twin Waves Technique

Safa Salam Radhi, Jassim K. Hmood1,* and Sulaiman W. Harun2

1Laser and Optoelectronic Department, University of Technology, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq

2Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract. In this paper, the phase conjugated twin waves (PCTWs) technique is proposed to reduce the nonlinear phasenoise in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) - spatially division multiplexing (SDM) system. In the proposed system, the m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (mQAM) signals are generated and multiplexed to producemQAM WDM signal. Similarly, the second WDM signal is created by multiplexing the phase conjugated copies of the mQAM signals and then they are spatially multiplexed by two fiber links. At receiver, they are firstlydemultiplexed and then superimposed coherently to revoke the nonlinear phase noise and improve the signal tonoise ratio (SNR). Moreover, the analytical model that best describes the phase noise alleviation is developed. Analytical results show that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the variance of the phase noise. Furthermore, to show the effectiveness of proposed scheme, 16-channel 4QAM WDM-SDM system with and without PCTWsmethod is numerically investigated. Numerical results reveal that the PCTWs scheme enhances the SNR of the received signal by more than 2.7 dB and extends the achievable transmission distance by 39.4% at 10-5 bit error rate (BER).

119


Evaluation of the drying methods influences on the flowability of

multi-components formulation Maha Al-Alia,c1, Laith Alalib, Abdulqahar Alsamarraec

aChemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, 3001

bComputer Science Department, College of Science, Tikrit University, Iraq

c Chemical Engineering, Engineering College, Tikrit University, Iraq

Abstract. Powder flowability is an important aspect to have effectual and productive manufacturing of pharmaceutical tablets. Therefore, this study compared the flowability behaviour in terms of Carr index (CI) and Hausner ratio (Hr) of multi-components formulation of naproxen sodium which dried using different drying techniques. A wet formulation of naproxen sodium, microcrystalline cellulose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone was prepared and subjected to microwave drying and three conventional drying techniques -freeze drying, convective drying and vacuum drying. This study revealed that microwave and freeze drying granules were of the highest CI and Hr with possible flowability, while a vacuum and convective drying had the lower CI and Hr with fair flowability. Modelling the correlation between flowability factors and dried samples were presented. The variability in the particle size and the specific surface area of the dried granules showed significant effects on CI and Hr thereby powder flowability. Although the influences of the drying process on the drug powder flowability were indirect, drying method can improve or degrade the textural properties of resultant dried granules such as particle size, specific surface area, moisture content, friability and degree of amorphous/crystallinity and consequently change their flowability.

120


Remediation of Clayey Soil Contaminated with

Nickel Nitrate Using Enhanced Electro-Kinetics Process and study the geotechnical properties of the remediated soil Samples

Ali A. Kamala, Abdulkhaleq K. Mahmoodb, Shahad Dujab aEnvironment and Pollution Engineering Department, Technical College Kirkuk, Northern Technical University

(Iraq)

bCivil Technical Department, Kut Technical Institute, Middle Technical University. Baghdad (Iraq)

Abstract. This paper explains the removal efficiency of nickel contamination soil, using electro-reclamation process, that enhanced by absorption method and the impact of this method to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of silty clay soil (CH). The soil samples are artificially contaminated, where salt of nickel nitrate was added to intact soil with 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg. The mixture kept in plastic container for 30 d. Soil samples were remediated using electro kinetics method to study the efficiency of this method to extract nickel from soil and the impact of activated carbon to prevent the reverse flow of electro osmosis. 0.1 M NaOH with distilled water were used as a purging solution at mid and cathode compartment respectively. The removal efficiency of nickel metal tested by using atomic absorption device, it ranged between 31.3 and 43.2%. After that, many experimental laboratory tests were conducted to study the engineering properties of contaminated and remediated soil samples. Remediation process lead to increase the percentage of clay, Atterberg limit (LL and PL), cohesion of soil (c) and lead to decrease sand and silt content of soil.

121


The effect of unidirectional pre-load on tensile characteristics of EGlass fiber and epoxy composite

Ali khalid M. A. Al-Dulaimya,*, Mohammed O. Atteaa Al-hassanyb, Safa waleed shakirc aMechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit,slahddin, Iraq,

[email protected]

b Electro-mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Samarra University, Samarra, Salahddin, Iraq,

cDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit,slahddin, Iraq

*correspondence E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to study the effects of low intensity pre-load approach on the tensile properties of fiber glass with epoxy composite. The loads had been applied on the bi-directional (0o-90o) fiber mats at its ends within the period of preparing the composite, until these sheets reach solidification state at room temperature. The fiber volume fraction was 10% from that composite, three samples of pre-loads had manufactured with three intensity of pre-loads as (5, 8 and 10 N) respectively. A control sample had prepared to comparison with pre-loaded ones. The effect of pre-load appears as increasing in maximum strength, percentage elongation and rupture strength by percent ratios (38.5 %), (45.57%) and (106.2%) respectively by comparing with control samples. All pervious properties have reached their maximum values at per-load value of (10 N).

122


PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS STIRRED

TANK HEATER BY USING PID-CASCADE CONTROLLER Qahtan A Mahmooda, Amer T Nawaf b

aPetroleum and Gas Refinery Engineering College of Petroleum Process Engineering, Tikrit University, IRAQ

bPetroleum and Gas Refinery Engineering College of Petroleum Process Engineering, Tikrit University, IRAQ

Abstract. Controlling the temperature of chemical reactors, heating furnaces, distillation towers and heating circulation fluid inreboiler are important processes in all industrials. In this study, the modern control method (PID-CASCADE) was used to control the temperature of the system with multivariable inputs and compare the results with conventional methods such as (PID). The simulation of the PID and cascade controllers were designed by using MATLABSIMULINK. Results showed that the cascade controller with the PI-controller in the secondary loop gives better performance by reducing time to reach a steady-state of about 50% and eliminate the oscillation 100% compared to PID and PI controllers.

123


The optimal utilization of lighting factor in the Flat

Photobioreactor for biological applications Hassanain A. Hassana, Mahmood K. H. Al-Mashhadani*a, Khalid M. Abeda,

Ibrahim J. Abedb a Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad.Iraq.

b Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad.Iraq

Abstract. Distribution of light intensity in the flat photo bioreactor for microalgae cultivation as a step design forproduction of bio-renewable energy was addressed in the current study. Five sizes of bioreactors with specific distances from the main light source were adopted as independent variables in experiential design model. The results showed that the bioreactor’s location according to the light source, determines the nature of light intensity distribution in the reactor body. However, the cross-section area plays an important role in determining the suitable location of reactor to achieve required light homogeneity. This area could change even the expected response of the light passing through the reactor if Beer-Lambert's law is adopted. In addition, the increase in path length of light inside the bioreactor reduces the amount absorbed by the liquid per unit volume. Finally, the study concluded that these factors represent a basic pillar in the reactor design stages, in order to achieve a homogeneous distribution of lighting with cost-effective.

124


Segmentation of x-ray image for welding defects detection using an

improved Chan-Vese model Rabah Abdelkader1, Naim Ramou2, Moahmmed Khorchef3, Nabil Chetih4, Yamina

Boutiche5 a,b,cResearch Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, P.O.Box 64, Cheraga 16014, Algiers.

Abstract. The welding defects detection in industries is becoming an important area and is attracting the attention of many researchers. Radiography is one of the most widely used techniques for inspecting weld defects. X-ray images are generally characterized bylow contrast, poor quality and uneven illumination, so the extraction of weld defects could become a difficult task. Among the techniques most used in this field, it is the active contour and the main problem of this technique is the initial contour selection. To solve this problem and obtain reliable and efficient detection of welding defects, we propose in this work a new approach for welding defects detection from x-ray image based on an improved Chan-Vese model. This improved model is based on three stages. The first stage is the detection the region of interest. In the second stage, we apply the Fuzzy C-Mean (FCM) algorithm to select one of the clusters as the initial contour. In the third stage, we use the Chan-Vese model and the selected initial contour to segment the acquired images and obtain the boundaries of the weld defects. Experiments are carried out on different x-raywelding images of the GDxray database in order to extract the characteristics of the welding defects. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to conventional techniques.

125


Effect of CO2 laser parameters on Redwood engraving process

Complemented by Taguchi Method Shatha M. Hasana, Kadhim A. Hubeatirb, Dhuha Sh. Abdc

a Iraqi Commision for computers and informatics ,Baghdad 00964,Iraq, [email protected]

b University of Technology, Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering Dept., Baghdad 00964,Iraq, [email protected]

cNational university for science and technology,Thi-Qar ,Iraq, [email protected]

Abstract. Laser deep engraving is one of the most promising technologies to be used in wood engraving operations. In this method, a laser beam is used to ablate a solid wood bulk, following predetermined patterns. The sculpture is obtained by repeating this process on each successive thin layer. The degree of precision of the shape, the removal rate, and the surface quality during the engraving process strictly depends on the materials properties, the laser source characteristics, and the laser parameters. This work investigates the influence of the process parameters on the material removal rates by engraving redwood using a co2 laser working with wavelength λ=10.6µm. The examined parameters were: the laser power, the scanning speed, and line overlapping space; each of them has a different value (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 W), (100, 300, 500, 700, 1000 mm min-1) and (0.03, 0.06, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mm) respectively. The working parameters were designed using the L25 Taguchi methodology for the design of the experiment. Experimental results showed that the co2 laser could successfully engrave the redwood, obtaining different engraving depths. The maximum and minimum depth obtained was 4.25 mm and 0.01 mm. the results show that the engraving depth interaction changes depending on the laser parameters.

126


Fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting mortar containing

limestone as fine aggregates Hassan A. Shamsaldeena, Jasim M. Mhalhala, Thaar S. Al-Gashama*1

aCivil Engineering Department, Wasit University, Kut, Iraq

Abstract. An experimental attempt was presented in this work to reduce the weight of self-compacting concrete by replacing sand entirely with limestone. Therefore, three mixes were prepared, and the same constituent materials were used in these mixes, excluding the fine aggregate type. In the reference mix, conventional sand was employed, but the sand was entirely eliminated and replaced with limestone in the other two. One mix contained untreated limestone, while the remaining was with limestone treated by immersing in the alkaline solution for 24 hours. The mixes were contrasted in the fresh and hardened cases. In a fresh situation, the mixes with both limestones' forms were less workable than the reference mix. In hardened case, the sand replacement with limestone reduced the mixes' weight, about 10.9-11.3%. According to the compressive and flexural strengths, the mixes with limestone showed different findings. While the untreated mix gave the smallest strengths, the mix with treated limestone exhibited the most significant enhancement in compressive and flexural strength, where it recorded strengths larger than the reference sand mix.

127


Artificial Neural Network Modeling of the Modified Hot Mix

Asphalt Stiffness using Bending Beam Rheometer Mohammed A. Abed a1, Zahir Noori M. Taki a, Alaa H. Abeda

a Civil Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, P.O 10072, Iraq

Abstract. Tensile related cracking for asphalt mixtures is one of the major distresses for asphaltic pavements. Many of the pavements distortions were a straight and non-straight wards results for heterogeneity of values of the stiffness in the local produced hot asphalt mixes. This research concentrates on constructing an artificial neural network (ANN) to define the influence of natures and dosages of the additives, temperature, and time of loading on the stiffness. This study provides an (ANN) model to estimate the stiffness of hot mix asphalt (HMA). The analysis was showed that a good relationship there is a good representation between the actual and predicted values with a coefficient of determination of 88.6%.

128


A Quantitative Spectroscopic Study of the Bleaching Phenomena in

photo-stabilized Formulations Containing PVC Exposed to Outdoor Conditions

Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadania*, Dina S. Ahmedb, Hadeel Adila, Ahmed Ahmeda,

Hamsa Thamera, Basheer A. Hamadc, Mustafa Abdallha, Ahmed Ahmedd, Muna

Bufarooshae, Salam A. Mohammedf, Nadia Salihg, Rahimi M. Yusopg, Emad Yousifa

aDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq

bDepartment of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 64021, Iraq

cMinistry of Education, Iraq

dPolymer Research Unit, College of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq

eDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain 15258, United Arab Emirates

fDepartment of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa,

616 Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman

gSchool of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract. Three novel phosphate esters have been synthesized and characterized by utilizing several techniques. 1H NMR, 31P NMR and FTIR spectroscopies show all need peaks to confirm the formation of target compounds. The synthesized materials were used as photo-stabilizers of PVC and they show very good results to stop the photo-degradation compare to blank PVC. The photostabilizers were used in few amounts about 0.5% by weight and the prepared films were irradiated for 500 hours by UV light. Different procedures were used to demonstrate the efficiency of phosphate esters as photo-stabilizers such as FTIR method, weight loss, and microscopic images. Compound 3 exhibits the best efficiency as an excellent inhibitor of photo-degradation for PVC films. Optical microscopy study demonstrated that using these additives keep the polymeric film surface smoother with fewer cracks after irradiation by UV light compare to blank polymer.

129


In silico analysis of quercetin as potential anti-cancer agents

Sahar S. Anwar 1, a, Hanady S. A. Al-Shmgani2, b*, Amer T. Tawfeeq3, c,

Ghassan M. Sulaiman 4, d, Yasmin H. Al-Mousawi5, e 1,4 Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

2*Biology Department,College of Education for Pure Sciences / Ibn al-Haitham,University of Baghdad, Baghdad,

Iraq

3Molecular Biology Department, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research, University of Al-

Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq

5Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine, Linköping, Sweden

a [email protected], b*[email protected]. c [email protected],

[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract. Molecular modelling and design are valued and vital tools in the pharmaceutical research for defining, developing and analyzing active biological and chemical molecules. It is based on the evolution of computational theories and methods to study molecules behavior enabling scientists to hypothesizepotent drugs for a particular disease. Quercetin is one of the flavonoid family that possesses pharmacological properties due to its interface with cellular targets including, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cytotoxicity and anti-cancer activities. Molecular docking analyses were performed topredicted quercetin possible binding action along with absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion(ADME) study. The molecular docking results revealed the bind of quercetin to the active site of Serine/threonine mammalian sterile-20 (MST3) and peroxiredoxin 5 pockets. Moreover, ADME results show its vital properties absorption and drug mimic where the ability to enter blood brain barrier (BBB) was not high, low permeable and strongly bound. Pre-metabolism analyze results show that 2D9 liver microsomal enzyme has more effect on quercetin than CYP2D6 enzymes. In conclusion, molecular docking study documented some important mechanisms of quercetin as a promising anticancer and antioxidant compound.

130


Chemical composition (Saturate Fraction) of western Iraq natural bitumen Marwan Mohammed Farhan1, Muwafaq Ayesh Rabeea *1, Rasim Farraj Muslim2, and

Tahseen Ali Zidan1

1 Department of Applied chemistry, College of Applied Sciences-Hit, University Of Anbar, Hit, Anbar 31001, Iraq.

2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences-Hit,

University Of Anbar, Hit, 31007 Anbar, Iraq. *Email: [email protected]

Abstract. This study aims to explore the main components of bitumen in western Iraq as a natural resource of heavy oil. The raw bitumen studied was fractionated into asphaltene and maltene, and then the maltene was separated into saturated, aromatic and polar fractions. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), 13C-NMR, Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive (SEM–EDX) and Gas Chromatography (GC) were used to characterize the organic components of the bitumen. Hypothetical average molecules have been diagnosed including bitumen, asphaltene and aromatic according to 13C-NMR methods. The results indicate that the saturated, aromatic and polar compounds in bitumen are 8.24%, 55.67% and 9.93%respectively, while the asphaltene is 26.56%. The bitumen studied contains a relatively high amount of asphaltenes and aromatics fractions, potentially due to a thermal maturation oforganic material in the well. However, it may be modified as crude oil derivatives because it contains certain aliphatic hydrocarbons.

131


Effect of Plasma Spray Distance on the Features and Hardness

Reliability of YSZ Thermal Barrier Coating Ruqaya A. Abbas a,1, Sami A. Ajeela, Maryam A. Ali Basha, Mohammed J. Kadhima

a, Department of Production Engineering and Metallurgy

University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq.

Abstract. In this paper hardness reliability and porosity features of plasma sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) as a function of variable spray distance parameter have been investigated. Microstructures details that include porosity and crack densities were studied using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Morphology and surface roughness were investigated through AFM analysis and central line average (CLA). Phases and chemical composition of the coating were characterized using XRD and EDS analysis. The distributions of plasma sprayed coatings hardness are highly scattered. The Weibull’s distribution was the best approach to describe the plasma sprayed coating hardness. The results indicated that the cohesion between splats mainly controls by the spray distance. By increasing the spray distance from 70 mm to 130 mm; the amount of surface roughness increased due to non-melted or insufficient melted of particles powder. Among the studied samples; the coating at spray distance 100 mm exhibited desirable microstructure and micro hardness values.

132


Oxidation effect on Attenuation of Gamma ray (137Cs) 662 KeV by

Growth of Metallic Nanoparticles ( Cu , Ti ) Muataz A. Majeed 1

1Ministry of Education, Baghdad, Iraq.

Abstract. The linear attenuation coefficient (µ) cm-1 and mass attenuation coefficient (µm) cm2/gm of the metals (Cu, Ti) were measured at (137Cs - 662keV) with activity (10 µc or 400 KBq) . The appreciable variation were noted in the attenuation coefficient due to changes in the particle size by cold working using the rolling machine. A comparison of shielding properties of these metals (Cu,Ti)at room temperature (non oxidization) with oxidization at (100) oC. The effective temperature was higher than 100 oC and on the sample (Cu, Ti) lead to grow particle size with low of metal hardness while a high hardness during oxidation as compared with high temperatures (200,300) . The change of attenuationcoefficients is small because the energy of gamma rays have high penetration. Increasing temperatures and oxidation time lead to increase the thickness of layer oxide. For copper, FWHM (Full width at half maximum) founded to be narrow with sharp peak because of the high density and low defects , while titanium showed greater FWHM with lower peak compared to copper . The linear attenuation increased at (100 )oC because the grain size decrease as compared to (200,300) oC. We show Nanoparticles on the surface by (AFM) and (XRD) analysis.

133


Evaluate the Durability and Effect of Water Absorption of

Recycled Aggregate Used in Pavement Eman Abdulhasan Mohammed Al-Ghalibia ,Safaa A.Mohamadb 1

1 Highway and Transportation Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq a [email protected].

b corresponding author: [email protected].

Abstract. Recycled aggregates RA is the one of the most popular methods used to improve road sustainability, whether from concrete orasphalt pavement materials. The life cycle perspective for all construction material are important to find the way it plays incontributing to the sustainability of the paving system. When evaluate the life cycle the responsible people can check the possibility social, environmental and economic impacts that appeared in life cycle, as well as to evaluate potential trade-offs. This study represents the possibility of using recycled aggregates in the paving to provides the required durability and strength. There are several factors that affect the behavior of the aggregates including strength of aggregates, gradation, specific weight, shape, permeability … etc.). The most important parameter in mix design of pavement is the water absorption of the aggregates. The RA saturated in water more than 24 hours and to observe the absorption of aggregates water absorption most be determined. The experimentation shows that pavement contains (recycled asphalt pavement RAP or recycled concrete aggregate RCA)can enhance the performance and durability of the pavement due to the high permeability of the old material that covered the virgin aggregate(mortar in RCA and bituminous in RAP), the interfacial transition zone ITZ enhanced by the new bituminous and made stronger bond between the recycled aggregate (RCA or RAP) and the asphalt. Water absorption measurement of aggregates was analyzed. The results are closely aligned with the time depend on the entire absorption period and when saturation is complete the change become constant. The saturation time of RA that obtained was more than 24 hours.

134


Assessment of Anticholinesterase Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Silver

Nanocomposite Biosynthesized by Pandanus Atrocarpus Extract Abdullah Hasan Jabbara, Salim Oudah Mezanb, Salih Meri Al Absic, Mohd Arif Agamd

a Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Directorate of Al-Muthanna Health, Ministry of Health, Republic of Iraq

b Directorate of Education Al-Muthanna, Ministry of Education, Republic of Iraq

c Iraqi Cement State Company, Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Baghdad, Iraq

a,b,d Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University Tun Hussain Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Campus,

Jalan Pancor, 84600 Pancor, Johor, Malaysia

Abstract. In the trendy years, synthesis regarding nanomaterials the usage concerning plant and their various features is escalating lookupin present day era. Among the regular metals, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are above significant charge odd of accordance along theirs catalytic adore but less toxicity. The appreciation on that labor is a simple one-step consistency concerning AgNPs using aqueous remove related to Pandanus atrocarpus then their catalytic exercising which include a polymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) as kind of PVP/AgNCs nanocomposite between the route on anti-cholinestrase properties. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)spectrum consequences confirmed assorted purposeful corporations (biomoeities such so an awful lot phenolics and flavanoids and OH) current between the PAE is accountable due to the fact the bargain concerning silver ions (Ag+) between consequence along AgNPs. The sow mediated PVP-AgNCs was characterised through the use of UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Xrayalternate (XRD) pattern, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis. The synthesized PVP-AgNCsused to be once decided of pursuance about hold spherical of shape alongside the thoroughness concerning 27–50 nm. Crystalline behavior concerning the nanocomposite was evidenced by using the selected area X-ray Diffraction (XRD) sample which includes fair spherical spots like after (111), (200), (220) and (311) Bragg’s anxiousness planes. The modern-day study indicatesas the catalytic propulsion about AgNPs namely polymer/metal nanocomposite (PVP/AgNPs) education because of anantichlinestrase activity. Both P. atrocarpus and its synthesized AgNPS showed moderate AChE activity 48.7% and 42.4%respectively. The present study revealed the safer use of biological synthesised AgNPs in near future in the field of biomedicine, and nanobiotechnology.

135


Environmental and Morphological Behavior of Polystyrene Films

Containing Schiff Base Moiety Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadania*, Hamsa Thamera, Hadeel Adila, Ahmed Ahmeda, Dina

S. Ahmedb, Muna Bufarooshac, Ali H. Jawadd, Emad Yousifa

aDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq

bDepartment of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 64021, Iraq

cDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain 15258, United Arab Emirates

dFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract. Herein novel Schiff base having triazole segment (3) has been synthesized and characterized. Different techniques have been used to evaluate the photo stability of the polystyrene polymeric films. It was demonstrated that mixing the polystyrene with synthesized Schiff base reduce the formation of carbonyl groups during the irradiation compare to the blank polystyrene film. The determination of weight loss was also studied and it was proved that using the Schiff base with the polymer films reduce the weight loss versus the irradiation time compare to the blank film. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) technique shows that the major component of both Schiff base/polystyrene and blank polystyrene films is the carbon atom. However, it shows the appearance of new band for Schiff base/polystyrene film, related to the oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The Schiffbase/polystyrene film demonstrates the formation of terrestrial cracks-like and this might be due to the existence of the Schiffbase, by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. This work includes important results to reduce the threatening of plastic waste for marine ecosystem through using new photo stabilizers, which leads to decreasing of plastic consuming around the world.

136


Shear behavior of exploiting recycled brick waste and steel slag as

an alternative aggregate for concrete production. Amjad Ali.K Sharbaa, Ahmed Abbas G.Abu Altemenb,c, Mahir Mahmod Hasond

a Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mustansiriya, Baghdad, Iraq

b Department of Project and Construction, University of Mustansiriya, Baghdad, Iraq

c Department of Civil Engineering, Gaziantep University, Turkey.

d Disaster Management Centre, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. This research mainly studies the effect of treated waste crushed brick and steel slag on the shear behavior of reinforcedconcrete beams. For that purpose, eight concrete beams with 1000mm length, 150 mm height, and 125mm width, and the transverse reinforcement spaces are constantly equal. The obtained crushed brick from building demolition wastesare incorporated in the concrete mixes at these percentages 0%, 13%, 26%, 39% and 52% as a replacement by the weight of coarse aggregate. Furthermore, the steel slag were merged in the beams at 0%, 11%, 22% and 33% as areplacement of fine aggregate to improve the strength characteristics. Samples underwent at four points bending test.In this test, the diagonal cracking load, ultimate shear strength have been evaluated to check the behavior of beamconcrete with the two waste materials, and maximum deflection occurred at the mid-span of the beam. The determination of the influence of crushed brick and steel slag on the mechanical properties and the reinforced concretebeams was the target of this investigation. In addition, the outcome of this experiment has shown that at the first substitution (13%) of fine aggregate with treated crushed brick does not have a negative impact. The results show steelslag improved the samples in terms of mechanical properties and improved the shear behavior of crushed brickconcrete beams comparable to control samples. The results show that the optimal ratio to be utilized for steel slag is22% and in terms of crushed brick even its treated still there is a reduction as compared to the control mixture.

137


Preparation and Characteristics of CuO/γ-Al2O3 nanocomposite

as efficient adsorbent for adsorption of sulfur compounds from Iraqi naphtha

Alaa Jasim Awadha, *, Saad H. Ammarb, Ban A. Altabbakhc aMidland Refineries Company, Ministry of Oil, Iraq

bChemical Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

cPetroleum Research and Development Center, Ministry of Oil, Iraq

Abstract. Herein, CuO/γ-Al2O3 nanocomposite adsorbent were synthesized and characterized for adsorptive desulfurization of naphthafraction. The γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles was first, prepared by coprecipitation route and characterized by XRD, AFM, BET and SEMmethods. Then, CuO was supported onto γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles by impregnation method. The effects of different parameters were studied on the sulfur removal efficiency and adsorption capacity in batch and continuous modes. These parameters included contacttime and adsorbent dose in batch study, while in continuous study; the breakthrough curves were generated in fixed bed adsorber. The batch adsorption study indicates that the CuO/γ-Al2O3 nanoadsorbent exhibited better max adsorption capacity (78.8 mg/g) than bare γ-Al2O3 (34.2 mg/g). Different adsorption kinetics models and isotherms were investigated for CuO/γ-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3nanoadsorbents. The adsorption kinetics of naphtha desulfurization were closely followed the second order kinetic model. Also,Langmuir isotherm was well represented the equilibrium adsorption of sulfur. In continuous study, breakthrough curves weregenerated for CuO/γ-Al2O3 nanocomposite at LHSV=2 h-1 and bed height = 7 cm. The time of breakthrough point was 320 min. Moreover, the Yoon–Nelson model fitted best for the continuous experimental data.

138


Nanomaterials usage as adsorbents for the pollutants removal from

wastewater; a review Juman A. Naser*, Zainab W. Ahmed, Enas H. Ali

Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science- Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad/ Iraq.

Abstract. The investigation of new and effective materials for wastewater treatment is a challenge to this day. Nanotechnology is a promisingtechnology that offers solutions to treatment pollution by changing the shape and size of materials at the nano-scale. Manynanoadsorbents have been developed for drink and wastewater applications, the reason is due to their superior chemical and physicalproperties. This literature review displays the fundamentals of adsorption process and the most important isothermal and kineticmodels which applied to the experimental data. So, it exhibit some different types of nanomaterials that used as efficient adsorbentsurfaces to remove the organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater, including carbon based nanomaterials, metalnanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, polymer nanofibers and polymer nanocomposites.

139


Polyphosphates as Thermal Stabilizers for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Dina S. Ahmeda*, Farah M. Ibrahimb, Muna Bufarooshac, Mohammed H. Al-

Mashhadanib, Ali H. Jawadd, Rahimi M. Yusope, Nadia Salihe, Salam A. Mohammedf,

Emad Yousifb aDepartment of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 64021, Iraq

bDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq

cDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain 15258, United Arab Emirates

dFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia

e School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia,




Abstract. Polyphosphates had been used as thermal stabilizers for polyvinylchloride (PVC). The thermal stability of PVC films stabilizedwith polyphosphates was verified by using weight loss method, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal aging test,optical microscope and atomic force microscope. The outcomes demonstrated that mixing of polyphosphates with PVC can obviously enhance the stability time of PVC and improve the initial color of it. Furthermore, polyphosphates could considerablydecrease the concentrations of forming double bonds within the PVC chemical structure and decrease weight loss. In addition, polyphosphate has an excellent ability to reduce the releasing of hydrochloric acid (HCl) molecules. Hence polyphosphates can replace the labile chlorine atoms within the chemical structure of PVC chains.

140


Nanoparticles of CuO Thin Films for Room Temperature NO2 Gas

Detection: Annealing Time Effect Batool Eneaze Al-Jumailia, b, Jamal M. Rzaijc*1, A. S. Ibraheamd

aDepartment of medical Physics, College of Applied Sciences, University of Fallujah, Anbar, Iraq bDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor 43400,

Malaysia cDepartment of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq

dDepartment of Ramadi Education. General Directorate of Education in Anbar, Ministry of Education.

Abstract. In this work, the effect of annealing time on sensing properties of cupric oxide nanoparticles deposited on black silicon (CuO/BSi)as a gas sensor device was studied. CuO nanoparticles were prepared using pulsed laser ablation (PLA) beyond which, the preparedprecursor was deposition using the spin coating deposition technique. The deposited CuO thin films were annealed in air for 1, 2,and 3h at 400 °C. The influence of annealing time on the structural, morphological, and sensing performance at room temperature of prepared CuO/BSi was investigated in details. XRD patterns revealed nanocrystal of CuO with the crystallite size increased from17 to 25 nm when that annealing time increased from 1 hour to 3 hours. The FESEM images revealed a nanostructured stone-likestructure of different sizes. The average diameter increased with 1h annealing time. The appearance of the porous surface of theannealed sample for two hours, while the porosity on the surface of the annealed sample for three hours decreased. A strong, sharpemission in the Visible-region was observed in the spectrum of CuO nanostructures, revealed by PL measurements at room temperature. The PL spectrum also showed a shift towards a shorter wavelength in the visible region that refers to the decreasing of energy gap from 1.73 eV to 1.71 eV. The prepared films were exposed to NO2 to detect the sensitivity of the nanostructuredCuO/BSi thin films. It was found that the annealing time had a major role in increased sensitivity. The sensitivity of the annealedsample increased from 77% to 90% when the annealing time increased from one to two hours, while the sensitivity of the third model decreased to 4% at a three-hour annealing time. The reason for this behavior has been also discussed.

141


An Investigation of Flaxseed Effect on the Mechanical Behaviour of

Cement Mortar Ahmed A. Ayash1,a*, Raouf Mahmood Raouf 1,b and Yasir K. Ibrahim 1,c

1Materials Engineering Department/Faculty of Engineering/ Mustansiriyah University

Baghdad, Iraq

[email protected], b [email protected]

c [email protected],

Abstract. Biomaterials materials addition to mortar have become interest area of current researches. Flaxseedgum as a biomaterial is used to improve some mechanical behavior of mortar. In this paper, theextracted flaxseed gum is added to mortar mixture in three different concentrations 5, 10, and 15%(by volume) and the specimens are cured for 28 days. Generally, the results showed that the presence of the flaxseed gum has the ability to increase the measured values. Using Ultrasoundtechnique, the value of density, longitudinal pulse and shear pulse velocities were measured, while the dynamic Young, shear modulus and compressive strength were estimated. The measured values of longitudinal pulse and shear pulse velocities increase by about 10% whereas, the dynamicYoung and shear modulus show a sharp change between 0 to 5% of flaxseed gum.

142


Investigation the CuS Thin Film Prepared by Pulsed Laser

Deposition Isaac Sandon Najm1, Suad Mahmood Kadhim1, Ali Abdulkhaleq Alwahib1,*

1Laser and Optoelectronics department, University of Technology-IRAQ, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq

*corresponding author [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract. This paper introduces a full study of CuS thin-film deposited on the quartz substrate. Copper sulfide thin films were prepared using the pulsed laser deposition technique and tested before and after the annealing process. The structural, morphological, and optical properties are examined after the deposition process at different energies (500 mJ, 600 mJ, 700 mJ, 800 mJ). The experimental results show that the best optical absorption is achieved at 600 mJ; this value was annealed at different annealing temperatures (300°C, 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C). The effect of thermal annealing on CuS film was examined to find the thickness range and the absorption behavior between 300-1100 nm. The average surface roughness was evaluated and discussed according to decrease with an increase in the annealing temperatures. Absorption and AFM results were studied thoroughly. Copper sulfide Film could find applications in optical devices such as surface plasmonresonance, window coatings, and optical gas sensors.

143


STUDY GEOMETRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF

BeO WURTZOIDS VIA DFT

Ahmed K.Sameera, Mohammed T. Husseinb1 a,b Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. The electronic and spectroscopic properties of BeO wurtzoids structure were investigated by using ab-initio density functional theory and generalized gradient approximation calculations combined with many-body. All calculations were carried out using Gaussian 09 program. Electronic properties including energy gap, density of state and bondlength, as well as Spectroscopic properties of infrared and Raman scattering, force constant, reduce mass andlongitudinal optical patterns. The geometrical structure of BeO molecules and wurtzoids nanostructure were studiedwith the help using Gauss view 05 program. The energy gap of Wurtzoid , wurtzoid2c and triwurtzoid was found tobe (6.813, 7.13499 and 7.02669 eV) respectively. Those values agreed with theoretical values for BeO wurtzite (8.57eV), and compare with the experimental value of BeO bulk (10.6 eV). The Spectroscopic study of IR and Ramanscattering, force constant, and reduced mass and longitudinal optical modes as a function of frequencies are agreed with the experimental results.

144


Accuracy investigation of 3D printed PLA with various process parameters and different colors

Muammel M. Hanona,b,*1, László Zsidaia, Quanjin Mac aMechanical Engineering Doctoral School, Szent István University, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary

bBaquba Technical Institute, Middle Technical University (MTU), Baghdad, Iraq

cStructural Materials & Degradation Focus Group, Faculty of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,

26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Abstract. The accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printing is how the dimensions of a measured product are close to its original model'snominal values. Thus, dimensional accuracy is essential for determining the machine's reliability to produce each object according to the expected results. In this study, the influence of 3D printing process parameters on the dimensional accuracy of specimens manufactured using Polylactic acid (PLA) material is investigated. Based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology, cylindrical and dog-bone tensile test samples are fabricated at various process parameters, including build orientation, rasterdirection angle, and layer thickness. PLA filaments with three different colors (white, grey, and black) are utilized to produce therequired test pieces. The dimensional accuracy for cylindrical (diameter and length) and dog-bone (width and thickness) sampleshave been evaluated. The nominal values are considered the reference to determine the accuracy percentage for each specimen. The weight of all test pieces is also examined, and its precision is assessed. The optimum process parameter settings have beendefined to minimize the error percentage in the dimensions of the printed parts. According to the results, a high overall dimensionalaccuracy of 98.81% was achieved, which indicates the ability of commercial FDM 3D printers as an inexpensive and decent quality alternative for producing utilitarian parts. The filament's color displayed a notable impact on the test pieces' weight, where thedifference between the heaviest (white) and lightest (black) specimens is almost a percentage of 7.24%. A remarkable influence was noticed for the layer thickness parameter on the accuracy, meanwhile the raster direction angle parameter appeared no effect when the number of layers and the contour size are the same. The data obtained from this study might help identify the optimum configurations that guide the production of components using thermoplastic filaments through FDM 3D printing.

145


Preparation and Characterization of CH/PVA/ZnO-FA

Nanocomposite E. H- Al-Tememe *, Fatima H. malk**,

Tahseen A. Alaridhee*** Pharmacy college*, polymer research centre**, Department of physics, College of Education

for Pure Science***

University of Basrah, Iraq

Abstract. Herein the Chitosan (CH) / Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) polymers were added to the ZnO nanoparticles and the folicacid drug (FA). The synthesized sample boasts great potential for application in controlled and targeted drugdelivery. The sample was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Visible Spectroscopy and thermal analysis by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to identify the structural and morphological changes along with thermal transition and Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersing X-ray Spectroscopy SEM / EDX. The results exhibit that the samples have sufficient stability and there was mostly nointeraction between drug-nanoparticles and polymers that took place.

146


Synthesis and characterization of enhanced silica nanoparticle (SiO2) prepared

from Rice Husk Ash immobilized of 3- (chloropropyl) triethoxysilane Salim Oudah Mezan1,a,b, Salih Meri Al Absid, Abdullah Hasan Jabbarb,c, M.S.Roslana,

Mohd Arif Agama aDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600

Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia

bGeneral Directorate of Education in Al-Muthanna Governorate, Ministry of Education, Republic of Iraq

cAl-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Directorate of Al-Muthanna Health, Ministry of Health, Republic of Iraq

d Iraqi Cement State Company, Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is the by-product for rice mill industry and it is considered as waste material. It is considered a way to recycle materials, which is one of the types of renewable energy. Many types of research focused on RHA are targeting the high contain Sodium silicate. Sodium silicate to be converted to silica. The sol-gel technique offered a simple route in producing silica Rice husk ash immobilized with 3-(chloropropyl) trimethoxysilane(RHACCl) from RHA, where 3- (chloropropyl) trimethoxysilane (CPTES) is used to reduce the RHA into highqualitysilica nanoparticle. Silica produced from this technique is found to have the presence of carbon; silicon and chlorine were determined by a combination of elemental analysis by EDX. UV-visible absorbance spectra of theRHACCl NPs silica samples having a wavelength of 333nm showing absorbance in the ultraviolet region. FTIR spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry. The spectral proof obtained in this research showed that CPTES was installed on the SiO2 surface. The reaction was successful through the presence of chlorine ion, which is considered an important organic function, and the presence of chlorine in the amorphous SiO2 is an important starting point to developing the wide range from silica-based materials.

147


Structure, Optical, and Morphological investigations of Nano copper

oxide prepared using RPLD at different Laser Wavelength Effects Milad Nazar Abul Kareem Alghurabia, Roaa Shakir Mahmooda, Evan T. Salimb,1,

Sarmad Fawzi Hamza Alhasana, Farah G. Khalidc aLaser and Optoelectronic Engineering Department, University of Technology, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq

bApplied Science Department, University of Technology, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq

cUniversity of Baghdad, College of Agricultural Engineering Science

Abstract. Nano copper oxide were prepared and deposited using reactive pulsed laser deposition on the quartz substrates at different laser wavelength. The laser wavelength on the crystallization of the copper oxide has been investigated. The analysis of the XRD (Xraydiffraction) revealed that the deposited nanofilms at the wavelength of 532 nm were structures of monoclinic with the discriminatory along the orientation direction of (111). The SEM observes the formation of the nano and microstructures fromthe substrate surface resulting in the formation of membranes with a small size nano and microstructures. The PL spectra reveal asingle main sharp peak; its center has a high density of about 497 nm at 532 nm laser wavelength, also one wide main peak centered around 430 nm with high density at 1064 nm laser wavelength

148


Nanostructures Encapsulated Phase Change Materials for Sustained

Thermal Energy Storage in Concrete: An Overall Assessment Ghasan Fahim Huseiena, Abdul Rahman Mohd Sama,*

aUTM Construction Research Centre, Institute for Smart Infrastructure and Innovative Construction, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of

Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, 81310, Johor, Malaysia

Abstract. In most developed countries, over fifty percent of the residential energy is consumed annually for space heating and airconditioning. Presently, the worldwide requirement is to reduce CO2 emission and energy demand in the Clean built environment (CBE). This prompted the construction sector to explore innovative solutions and novel building concepts to achieve the CBE. Nanostructures encapsulated PCMs (NE-PCMs) have been focused to reduce the energy demand of new residential buildings and to improve the thermal comfort. These NE-CPMs are believed to be prospective in the future energy system. In this view, present communication overviewed the concept of concrete that exploits Phase change materials (PCMs) heat energy storing ability inbuildings design. Furthermore, available Thermal energy storage (TES) technologies based on NE-PCMs and their stringent requirements such as elevated density and thermal conductivity, high efficiency, large heat capacity, and prominent flexibility were evaluated.

149


Influence of The Polymer Molecular Weights on the Electrical

Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol) – Poly(ethylene glycols) /Graphene oxide Nanocomposites

Shurooq S. Al-Abbasa, Rusul A. Ghazib, Athmar K. Al-shammaria, Nisreen R.

Aldulaimia, Ali R. Abdulridhaa, Sameer H. Al-Nesrawyaa and Ehssan Al-Bermanya,*1

aDepartment of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Babylon, Iraq.

bDepartment of Medical Physics, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq.

Abstract. Graphene has unique electrical properties at room temperature properties with a flexible 2D layer and stronger material over discovered and use to enhance the electrical properties of materials. This study investigated the influence of two important factorsthe molecular weights (Mw) of polymer and the concentration of nanofillers on the electrical properties of samples. Hybridnanocomposites were fabricated from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with three different molecular weights (4k, 8k, and 20k) using developed mixing-sonication-solution methods. This method was successfully exhibited a finehomogeneity and good dispersion of both polymers and Nano fillers in the matrix as displayed by using an optical microscope (OM).The effect of the addition of graphene oxide on the alternating electrical properties showed a reduction in the dielectric constantand the isolation loss of the polymer compounds (PVA-PEG-GO) with increasing the frequency of the electric field and the loss ofisolation increased. It was also shown that the increase of electrical conductivity is noticeable with samples by increasing themolecular weight of PEGs to the highest at 20k Mw. Increasing the polymer molecular weight in addition to the contribution ofGO revealed an extraordinary improvement of the electrical properties that bring promising and performance materials forelectronic, photovoltaic devices, heterojunction, solar cells, and energy storage systems, other substantial applications.

150


Effect of Boundary Conditions on Thermal Buckling of Laminated

Composite Shallow Shell Ahmed R. Madeha, Widad I. Majeedb

a Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning Technical Engineering Department, The Islamic University, Iraq b Mechanical Engineering Department, Collage of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Levy type method is implemented for investigating the behavior of thermal buckling load of the symmetric and anti-symmetriccross-ply and angle-ply laminated spherical shallow shell subjected to uniform temperature distribution based on first-order sheardeformation theory. Some design parameters will be considered for cross-ply and angle-ply to demonstrate the parametric effects such as material types, modulus ratio, aspect ratio, shallowness ratio, length to thickness ratio and lamination schemes and thegoverning equations are solved with a computer code established in MATLAB environment to get the required. Also, theverification of present levy type results is checked by comparing the extracted results with previous studies. The extracted results show that the thermal buckling load increase with increasing in modulus ratio, while decrease with increasing in aspect ratio,shallowness ratio and length to thickness ratio.

151


Novel Organic-inorganic nanohybrids (MnO2 and Ag nanoparticles

functionalized 5-methoxy-2-mercaptobenzimidazole): one step synthesis and characterization

Leqaa A. Adnana, Nuaman F. Alheetyb, Abdulwahhab H. Majeeda, Mustafa A. Alheetyc,

Hüseyin Akbaşd

a Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Diyala University, Diyala, Iraq

b Department of General Sciences, College of Basic Education, Al-Anbar University, Al-Anbar, Iraq

c Department of Nursing, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, Iraq

d Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey

Abstract. The study included the synthesis of manganese dioxide nanoparticles using the nitric acid by oxidation method. Moreover, the work involved the chemical synthesis of Ag metal nanoparticles using sodium citrate for reducing Ag ion into Ag metal in itsnanoscale form. These nanoparticles were diagnosed using FTIR, XRD, and AFM. The maximum height was 5 nm and 2.5 nmfor Ag NPs and MnO2 NPs, respectively. In addition, the novelty lies in the use of the organic compound 5-methoxy-2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MMBI) to synthesis the organic-inorganic nanohybrids which were characterized using FTIR and XRD.

152


Thin Films of Tungsten Oxide Based on NH3 and NO2

Gas Sensors Othman Abed Fahad, Abubaker S. Mohammed

Ministry of Education, Direction of Education in AL-Anbar

Corresponding author: Email: [email protected]

Abstract. In this paper, the annealing effect of tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles has been studied on different Si and PS substrates by spin coating technology to develop thegas sensor. WO3 thin film was prepared at RT, and 400∘C. XRD pattern shows all films are polycrystalline in nature, and have hexagonal structure. The annealed of WO3 thin film at 400∘C showed high intensity crystalline peaks with decreased in crystal size. The fine nanoparticles are fully agglomerate and their spherical shape increases uponannealing of the film. The energy gap of WO3 was 2.8 eV at RT, and it increased withincreasing annealing temperature. The annealing temperature of 400 °C was selected and employed in gas sensors prepared on different substrates of Si and PS at RT, 100°C, and 200 °C. The sensor was further fabricated to detect of nitrogen dioxide (NO2)and ammonia (NH3) gas at low concentration (8 ppm). The sensing effects toward NO2and NH3 gases were compared between low- and high-temperature gases. The WO3/PS sample exhibited the highest sensitivity (144.1%) for NO2 gas at 200 °C. The sensitivity of both gases showed different results with regard to the response. However, theresponse and recovery time of both gases were moderate and decreased with increasing operating temperature.

153


Evaluation of the Thermal Conductivity of Middle Part of Iraqi Soil

Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger PhD., Department of Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad,

10071, Iraq, e-mail:

[email protected]; ORCID 0000-0003-2869-9178

Abstract. Thermal properties of soils are important in buried structures contact problems. Although laboratory is distinctly advantageous inmeasuring the thermal conductivity of soil under ideal condition, given the ability to simulate relatively large-scale in place of soilbed, the field thermal conductivity of soil is not yet commonly used in many types of research. The use of only a laboratoryexperiment to estimate thermal conductivity may be the key reason for overestimation or underestimation it. In this paper, anintensive site investigation including field thermal conductivity tests for six different subsoil strata were performed using a thermalprobe method (TLS-100) to systematically understanding the effects of field dry density, water content and soil type. Results wereobtained from the alluvial plain lands in the middle part of Iraq, in an attempt to find a correlation between different soilcharacteristics and the thermal conductivity. It is shown that clayey soil generally had lower thermal conductivity than sandy soil.Thermal conductivity can potentially be affected by the proposed soil low or high plasticity. It is evident that in general, themeasured field thermal conductivity value for the lean (low plasticity) silty clay increases with an increase in depth due to the increase of the degree of saturation; however, decreases with an increase in depth for the fat (high plasticity) silty clay. The fieldwater content of the soil in the study obtained here increases so does the thermal conductivity of the soil for most the sites. Further investigations are required, to understand the effects of other environmental conditions with the seasons. This is especially helpfulto the future of geotechnical engineering when designing geothermal systems.

154


Thermal Behavior and Kinetic Study of Plasticized Cellulose

Acetate Magnesium Hydroxide Polypropylene Materials Omar Al-Kubaisia, Rasool Nasserib, Christine Moresolib and Aiping Yub,c

aDepartment of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Anbar, 31001 Al-Anbar Governorate, Iraq

bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada

cWaterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada

Abstract. The thermal stability of polypropylene (PP) materials containing the PP -grafted -maleic -anhydride(PPMA), plasticized cellulose acetate (CA*) and magnesium hydroxide (MH), was investigated. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) conducted under air conditions revealed distinct degradationpatterns when CA*, MH or MH/CA* were added to PP*. The addition of MH to PP*/CA*improved the thermal stability by shifting the maximum rate of mass loss to a higher temperature.But the MH addition could not counterbalance the lower temperature for the onset of degradationwhen CA* was blended with PP*. The improved thermal stability of PP*/CA* when MH was added is supported by the higher activation energy (Ea) of the MH/CA*/PP materials. This study also presents a numerical integration method that is recommended to improve the accuracyof Ea estimates from TGA data at multiple heating rates. The results indicate that the combineduse of MH and CA* leads to materials with the highest thermal stability.

155


Laser Wavelength Effects on the Optical, Structure, and

Morphological properties of Nano HfO2 structures Evan T. Salima, 1, Farah G. Khalidb, Makram A. Fakhric, 2, Roaa Shakir Mahmoodc

aApplied Science Department, University of Technology, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq

bUniversity of Baghdad, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences

cLaser and Optoelectronic Engineering Department, University of Technology, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. A good transparent conductive and a high purity films of the Hafnium Di-Oxide (HfO2) micro and the nano structure were successfully deposited on the Quartz substrates. Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method was employed; effect of laser wavelength was studied. The XRD result shows a two appeared phases, the cubic hafnium dioxide and monoclinic, the main oriented peak found to be cubic at (111) diffraction plane. The optical properties results show a good transparency reached to about (91%). The band gap values of the deposited Nano HfO2 films are increases as laser wavelength decrease and its values around from 5.18 to 5.62 eV, The AFM results shows increasing average grain diameter values from (62.31–77.53) nm.

156


Dissolution and deformation characteristics of gypsum soil along

the Baiji railway Naser Abed Hassana

aCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq

Abstract. This study investigates the leaching test to the dissolution deformation characteristics of gypsum soil along the Baiji railway, the dissolution deformation coefficient and deformation stability time of two types of gypsum soil collected from flat and mountainousareas under different loads are obtained. The test results show that the soluble salt in gypsum soil is the main cause of the collapseand deformation of gypsum soil. The causes of gypsum soil's sagging deformation and the influence of load, salt content andparticle gradation on gypsum soil's sagging deformation were discussed. When the external load does not change, the gypsum soilcan produce large deformation in a short time after being immersed in water, accounting for more than 80% of the stable deformation, and thereafter can still produce large deformation under the action of long-term leaching. The dissolution deformationof gypsum soil increases with the increase of load. With the extension of the leaching time, the soluble salt content gradually decreases, and the dissolution deformation of gypsum soil tends to be stable with the increase of load. The size of the collapsedeformation is related to the salt content of the gypsum soil. Under the same external load, the higher the salt content, the greater the deformation of gypsum soil. The rate of dissolution deformation is mainly related to the particle gradation of the soil. The largerthe content of coarse particles in gypsum soil, the faster the dissolution deformation speed.

157


Simulation Study of Microstrip Antenna for 2.45 GHz Applications

based on Octagon shaped N N Tawfeeqa , S D Mahmoodb

aDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Tikrit University, Salah Al-Din, Iraq

bDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Tikrit University, Salah Al-Din, Iraq

Abstract. In late years, microstrip patch antennas have been widely used in various communication systems due to their lightness in weight, smallness in size, low manufacturing cost and, reasonable gain. Therefore, various figures and dimensions of microstrip patchantennas are available. This paper presents an octagonal ring-shaped multi-slot patch antenna with a single resonant frequency at2.45 GHz of the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band with an omnidirectional pattern based on the Tikrit university logo. The unique structure of the octagon figure is demonstrated by adding trigonal patches on the sides and top of the rectangularmicrostrip patch antenna to achieve the eight-pointed star figure. The Octagon ring shape is achieved by inserting a singleoctagon slot and multi slots of a rectangular, square, triangle to maintain the operating frequency. The reduction in the size of theantenna is carried out by adding an octagon/rectangular patch to the partial ground plane. The suggested antenna is plotted and simulated on a substrate board FR-4 of dimensions 60×46×1.6 mm3 using CST Microwave Studio 2017. The results show compact size, 2.9 dBi gain, improved S11 response of -23.18 dB at 2.45 GHz, size reduction of 10.44%, and omnidirectionalradiation pattern that can be utilized to harvest radio frequency (RF) energy from Wi-Fi and bluetooth (2.4-2.5 GHz).

158


Properties of reactive powder concrete containing different

combinations of fly ash and metakaolin Zaid Ali Hasan a, Mohammed Salah Nasr a, *1, Mohammed Kareem Abed a

a Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Iraq

Abstract. Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a special type of concrete that has excellent properties, especially compressive strength. However, one of the disadvantages of RPC is that it has a high cement content, which can reach 1000 kg/m3. Because of the highcost of producing cement and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with its manufacture, researchers have resorted to investigating alternatives to cement, including supplementary cementitious materials. Accordingly, this research aims to produce environmentally friendly RPC in which 50% of the cement was replaced by metakaolin (MK) and fly ash (FA) combinations. To achieve the aim of the study, three RPC mixtures: 10MK+40FA, 15MK+35FA, and control mixture (without replacement) werecast. The fresh and mechanical properties tests were performed. The results showed that the combination of MK and FA improved the fresh properties of RPC, while the hardening properties were decreased.

159


Microwave Metamaterial for Broad-Band Perfect Absorber

Applications Khalid Saeed Lateef Al-Badria1

aPhysics Dept., University of Samarra, Iraq.

Abstract. This article introduces lumped resistances loaded in triangular metamaterial structure, realize broad band electromagnetic wave absorber band through simple metamaterial design and just single layer structure. In addition, this design presents the resistances value efficts, substrate thickness and power loss per material. The influence of resistances on absorbing band characteristics. The results show that: by changing the resistance value to adjust the absorption frequency band of the metamaterial. When the resistance is increased or decrease from the designed resistance, there is almost shift in the position of the absorption band. The change of the resistance value mainly affects the amplitude of the absorption band. Which is compared with traditional absorbing materials, Under the same absorbing performance conditions, it shows excellent single layer structure. The simulation confirms that absorption of this design-based metamaterial absorber exceeds 90% and it can be seen that the power is mainly consumed inthe lumped resistances. The proposed idea offers a further design in developing new electromagnetic absorbers, which will impact a broad range of applications.

160


Effect of Reaction Time on the Physical Properties of CuO/PS Nanostructures Prepared via the Hydrothermal Method

Ahmad Z. Al-Jenaby a, Abdul-Majeed E. Al-Samaraib, Asmiet Ramizya,b aMinistry of Education, Direction of Education in Al-Anbar

bDepartment of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq

a,bDepartment of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq

Abstract. In this work, the hydrothermal method was utilised to prepare CuO nanostructures on porous silicon(PS) substrate. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the seed layer and samples prepared with different reaction times of 12 and 24 h were investigated. XRD analysis showed that the seed layer and CuO films treated for 12 and 24 h exhibited a monoclinic crystal structure with crystal sizes of 21, 13.7 and 9.95nm. AFM analysis demonstrated that the grain size and roughness of CuO thin films decreased with the prolongation of hydrothermal reaction time. FESEM analysis showed that morphology changed from seedliketo nanosheets with the increase in reaction time. EDX analysis revealed the chemical composition and elemental state of CuO nanoparticles. The photoluminescence spectra of CuO/PS indicated that energy bandgaps ranged from 1.99 eV to 2.83 eV due to the quantum confinement effect and the temperature and pressure effect in the autoclave.

161


Shear behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with small web

openings Dhiaa Neama Jabbar a, Ali Al-Rifaie b, Ahmed Mahdi Hussein a, Ali A. Shubbar c,d,

Mohammed Salah Nasr a, *1, Zainab S. Al-Khafaji e,f a Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Iraq

b College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, 66001, Iraq

c Department of Building and Construction Technical Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, 54001 Najaf, Iraq

d Department of Civil Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, UK

e Al-Furrat Al-Awsat Distribution Foundation \ Ministry of Oil \ Babylon, Iraq

f Department of Civil Engineering, Al- Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq

Abstract. In the current investigation, four reinforced concrete beams with square cross sectional area were poured and tested up to failureunder the action of three-point loads. Three of them were designed to contain small web openings of different shapes, square,rectangular and circular while the other beam had no openings (control beam) for the purpose of comparison of findings. Theload-deflection traces were successfully obtained for the tested specimens. The results indicated that perforating reinforcedconcrete beams with small web openings leads to a slight reduction in their ultimate loads corresponding to an increase in theultimate deflection. Also, it was concluded that the beams with circular web openings had better shear resistance than othershapes selected here.

162


Synthesis of Lead Oxide Thin Films by using Physical Vapor Deposition Technique

Ahmed Fattah Abdulrahmana*, Raghad Y. Mohammedb, Sabah M. Ahmedc, Samir

Mustafa Hamadd

a* Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

[email protected]

b, c Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

d Scientific Research Center, Soran University, Soran 44008, Erbil, Iraq

Abstract. In this study, the lead oxide thin films were synthesized upon the glass slide substrate by using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique. The molybdenum boat was used to heat the high purity lead (Pb) powder with 5×10-5 mbar vacuum pressure of the PVDchamber. The morphological, structural, and optical properties have been examined and characterized by employing different characterizations techniques. The results found that the crystal size and interplanar distance of lead oxide thin film were about1.695 nm and 3.55 Å, respectively. The lead oxide thin film has high average transmittance in the visible region which was about (~ 80%) and low average transmittance in the UV region. Also, the energy band gap (Eg) of the deposited lead oxide thin film was2.35 eV.

163


Improvement corrosion resistance of Ni-Ti alloy by TiO2 coating and Hydroxyaptite /TiO2 composite coating using micro arc

oxidation process. Ekbal Mohammed Saeed 1a, Nawal Mohammed Dawood 2b, Sahar Falah Hasan3C

1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected]

a, b, c Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering ,College of Materials Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon-Iraq

Abstract. Titanium oxide ceramic coatings were prepared by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in galvanostatic regime on biomedical NiTi alloyproduce via powder metallurgy , also the composite coating of HA/TiO2 was prepared on the surface of nitinol using a one-stepmicro-arc oxidation (MAO), the process time for each case at 280V was 30 min. The surface of TiO2 coating exhibited a typicalporous and rough structure. In this study, the hydroxyapatite, Ca–P precipitate it assisted to close the porous and the morphologyof the surface coating showed a flower-like structure owing to the incidence of self-assembly because of the longtime of precipitate. Surface characterization of the coatings was determined utilizing SEM, XRD, and AFM. The surface morphology,topography and coating thickness were determined as well. In this study, the properties of corrosion were studied utilizingpotentiostat test unit in Ringer's solution. Based on the results, the corrosion properties of NiTi alloys considerably improved due to the existence of TiO2 and HA/TiO2 coatings.

164


Gallium Nitride –Based Photodiode: A review

Haneen D. Jabbar1, Makram A. Fakhri1, 2, a), Mohammed Jalal AbdulRazzaq1 1Laser and Optoelectronic Department, University of technology, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.

2Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia

3Applied Science Department, University of Technology, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. This paper shows Gallium Nitride material based photodiode as an overview to use it with different layer thickness in order todetect multi-spectral ranges and to obtain high performance, high responsivity, high speed and low cost optoelectronic devices. The earlier published works are summarized as well as the Gallium Nitride material grown on different substrates materials assilicon, or sapphire or quartz using different growth methods to fabricate photodiodes used in wide application field and getattractive attention to civil and military industries to detect missile plumes, flame sensors, engine control, solar UV monitoring, source calibration, UV astronomy, and secure space-to-space communications. GaN material based photodiodes are consider tobe promising to open a new generation fields to their virtues to design high temperature, high frequency and high poweroptoelectronic devices.

165


Fabrication of Compound Sn2-xAgxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+&

Superconductor by Nano technique and study the Nano and Electrical Properties

Nihad Ali Shafeeka, Shahir Fleyeh Nawafb* ,Mohamed Hasan Darweeshc aDepartment of Physics , College of Education/Tuzkhurmatu,Tikrit University,Iraq

Department of Electrical, College of engineering, Tikrit b,c University, Iraq

Abstract. The compound Sn2-xAgxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+& were successfully prepared by the solid state reaction and Nano techniqueat different concentrations (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) . The samples were then subjected to Nano technique, and samples were annealed in (850 C0). The morphology were also observed by Atomic force microscopy (AFM) in three dimensions, the best value of Nano is 62.09 nm at x = 0.6. We used the solid-state reaction method and thennanotechnology in different proportions of X and then we performed the annealing process of the models at a temperature of 850 C0 for the purpose of obtaining a regular installation and we conducted Nanos copy tests using anatomic force microscope and we got a lower bug after nanostructures 62.09 with the electrical measurements were examined using a difference measuring it the voltage with current are under low temperatures and resistance is obtained at the nanometer 62. 09. The best result is. 142.5 K.

166


Crashworthiness enhancement of thin-walled hexagonal tubes under

flexural loads by using different stiffener geometries Samer F.a, Ammar A. Abedb 1and Alaseel Bassamc

a Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga National (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Malaysia.

b Biophysics Department, College of Applied sciences, University Of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq

cMechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Tenaga National (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Malaysia.

Abstract. Thin-walled structure tubes have been widely used in automotive applications as energy absorber members due to the excellentenergy absorption ratio to the weights. The purpose of this study is to enhance the energy absorption of the thin-walled hexagonaltube by using different stiffeners geometries under the flexural impact. The structure has been subjected to an impact velocity of50km/h with a striker mass of 1500kg at a 90-degree angle as recommended by the technical protocol section of the InsuranceInstitute for Highway Safety (IIHS) side-impact crash test. Besides the empty tube and the foam-filled tube, nineteen stiffenerswere used in this study. A comparison between the reinforced and non-reinforced structure was made in terms of the specific energyabsorption (SEA) and the crushing force efficiency (CFE). The numerical results have shown that stiffeners have improved thecrashworthiness parameters when compared with the conventional empty tube. The numerical results have revealed that theintroducing stiffeners to the structure have enhanced the structure performance since the stiffeners restrict the flattening of theupper side when subjected to compressive loadings and the SEA was improved for different wall thickness used. The results have shown that the H-5 stiffener was chosen as the best geometry since the SEA was increased up to 114%, the CFE was enhanced by27% and the bending resistance was also improved.

167


Spectrophotometric Estimation of Hydrazine in Various Water

Samples via direct and indirect methods Basima A. A. Saleema , Sahbaa Y. Majeedb

a,bDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq

Abstract. Direct and indirect spectrophotometric methods were suggested to estimate hydrazine sulphate in variouswater samples, the first method was based on charge transfer reaction between hydrazine sulphate and alizarin at pH4.31 to form a very stable red colored complex measured at the selected wavelength 512 nm. The linearity of this method was followed Beer's law at the range of concentration from (0.2-26)µg, molar absorptivity was (1.17×104)l.mol-1.cm-1, and Sandal sensitivity was (0.0111)µg-2.cm-1. The second method was based on the oxidation reductionreaction between hydrazine sulphate and chromate then the subsequent reaction of chromate IIII produced withchromazurol S, in acidic medium of 1N hydrochloric acid (pH 2.0), to produce a burgundy red colored complexmeasured at 573 nm. Beer's law was obeyed at the range of concentration from (0.4-50)µg, molar absorptivity was(0.29×104) l.mol-1.cm-1, and Sandal sensitivity was (0.0448) µg-2.cm-1. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits ofquantification (LOQ) for the first method were 0.1976 and 0.6584 µg ml−1 .While 0.3257 and 1.0663 µg ml−1 for thesecond method. These two methods were applied for estimation of hydrazine sulphate in various water samples withgood recoveries.

168


Review of GaN Optical Device Characteristics, Applications,

and Optical Analysis Technology Husam Aldin A. Abdul Amir1, a, Makram A. Fakhri1, b, and Ali Abdulkhaleq Alwahib1, c

1Laser and Optoelectronic department, University of Technology-IRAQ, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq

a) [email protected] & [email protected], b)[email protected]

& [email protected], c)[email protected]

Abstract. This scientific paper represents a review of progress and developments which more concernedin Nanophotonic Gallium nitride. Because of the expansion in modern optical devices and timeassociated with new laboratory and applications, there is a growing need to study real-time, low-cost,and high-temperature applications for optical devices. These optical devices can be beneficial,industrially, or environmentally. The Nano-characteristics of Gallium nitride grown on Silicon wafersubstrates by using pulsed laser deposition processes (PLD) as well as the characterization andanalysis of its thin films using X-Ray Diffraction(XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), theAtomic Force Microscopy(AFM), Transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Photoluminescence(PL), and the Ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) will discuss thoroughly in this paper. The review willprovide technical information about Gallium nitride's analytical characteristics and its depositedapplications on two-dimensional photonic Silicon substrates.

169


Surface morphology and roughness of Silver Oxide prepared employing pulsed Laser at optimum laser fluence

Sarmad Fawzi Hamza Alhasana, Ban A. Baderb, Evan T. Salimc, 1 aLaser and Optoelectronic Engineering Department, University of Technology, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq

b Laser and Photonics Research Center, University of Al-Hamdaniyah, Nineveh,Iraq

cApplied Science Department, University of Technology, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. This paper concerns on preparing a transparent Silver Oxide (Ag2O) thin film using pulsed laser deposition technique. 1.06 mm7nm Nd-yag laser with two different laser flounces (47, 53) J/cm2 was used to prepare silver oxide thin films under vacuumcondition. Optical, structural and surface morphology was investigated. At the optimum conditions, the optical band gap of the thin film is found to be 3.55 eV with triangle like structure of the surface morphology with 1.61 nm average surface roughness.

170


Exploration of Furan Derivative for Application as Corrosion

Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution: Effect of Immersion Time and Temperature on Efficiency

Ahmed A. Al-Amierya,* Lina M. Shakera, Amir H. Kadhumb and Mohd S. Takriffc aApplied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 1001, Iraq

bUniversity of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq

cDepartment of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi,

Selangor 43600, Malaysia

aFirst affiliation, Address, City and Postcode, Country

Abstract. The possibility of using 2-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-nitrofuran as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acidsolution was explore utilizing weight loss complemented with surface characterization through scanning electron microscopy(SEM) techniques. The effect of time and temperature on the inhibition efficiency of 2-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-nitrofuranwas also investigated. Results from weight loss techniques imply that 2-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-nitrofuran demonstratesignificant anticorrosion characteristics toward mild steel dissolution in 1 M hydrochloric acid environment. The 2-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-nitrofuran showed the highest inhibition efficiency of 79.49% at the highest inhibitor concentration of 0.005 Mstudied, for the immersion time of 5 hours and a temperature of 303K from gravimetric result. Inhibition efficiency of 2-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-nitrofuran differs directly with immersion time or temperature. A decrease in inhibition efficiency with anincrease in temperature is implied to the physisorption mechanism and may be imputed to increase in the solubility of theprecipitated inhibitor molecules on the mild steel surface. The number of adsorbed molecules on mild steel surface decreasesregarding the temperature increases which resulted in a deficiency in inhibitive performance. The kinetic studies indicate that theadsorption of tested inhibitor on the surface of mild steel both physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. Surface characteristicfindings confirm the presence of 2-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-nitrofuran on the tested mild steel surface. 2-(5-Amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-nitrofuran follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

171


The effect of temperature on electrical energy production in

double chamber microbial fuel cell using different electrode materials

Marwa S. Hamed a, Hasan S. Majdi b, Basim O. Hasan a a Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

b Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla Iraq.

Abstract. The use of fossil fuels, especially oil and gas, has accelerated in recent years, contributing to a global energy crisis in turn. Toalleviate the ongoing global warming problem, green bioenergy is one way. Without any net carbon emissions, there is a strongneed for new energy generation from renewable resources. In this work, the effect of temperature on the produced electricalenergy in a double chamber microbial fuel cell was investigated. Nickel, Stainless steel, Brass, and Graphite electrodes were used. Yeast microorganisms (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) have been used at a concentration of 2 g/L to generate electric current and electrode generating capacities have been tested for temperature (25-40 ° C). It was found that the current created for all theelectrodes increases as the temperature increases, but at high temperatures, the activity of microorganisms decreases leading to adecrease in the current produced.

172


Solving high sulfate content of sand used in concrete by magnetic

water process Enaam M. Ibrahim a and Zena K. Abbasb

a, b University of Baghdad, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. The purpose of this research is to investigate the ability of magnetic water to solve the problem of high sulfate- (SO3%) by washing sand with magnetized water (intensity of 9000 Gauss). Three mixtures of ordinary concrete have been prepared fortesting (compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength). Mix design was according to the ACI 211.1A with specifiedcylinder compressive strength (30 MPa) = (37.5 MPa) cub's compressive strength at the age of 28 days. Although mixing ratios were constant in all mixtures, the only difference was the percentage of fine aggregate (sand), which was equal to (0.2%) in the first mix and (2.1%) in the second mix. The Iraqi standard specification No.45 (1984) limited the upper limit of sulfate content inthe sand not exceeded (0.5%). Solving these problems can be managed by washing process using a magnetic field device to treats and before mixing been performed. The mechanical test results show a significant enhancement in the treated sand mix's freshand hardened concrete properties compared with the control mix (containing untreated sand). The percentage decrease in(compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength), respectively, of the mixes containing high sulfate contents compared to the control mix, was up to [(1.27, 0.66, and 1.21), (5.83, 4.28, and 4.29), and (17.37, 8.37, and 11.58)] % at (7, 28, and 90 days). Incontrast, the mixes containing treated sand have approximately strengths [(0.16, 0.13, and 0.80), (0.93, 0.28, and 0.66), and (0.15,0.27, and 0.30) %] at (7, 28, and 90 days) to the control mix, which means the availability of the new technique of treated sand.

173


Environmental Performance of Coordination Complexes as PVC

Photostabilizers Raghad A. Haddada, Raghda Alsayedb, Dina S. Ahmedc, Muna Bufarooshad, Nadia

Salihe, Salam A. Mohammedf, Emad Yousifb* aCollege of Pharmacy, Uruk University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq

bDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq

cDepartment of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 64021, Iraq

dDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain 15258, United Arab Emirates

eSchool of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia,




Abstract. Coordination compounds from some transition elements such as Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Ba(II), Cd(II) and Sn(II) with [2-thioaceticacid-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole] were prepared in alcoholic medium. These compounds were used as photostabilizer for poly(vinylchloride) films against degradation. PVC films were prepared by assorted with these complexes in tetrahydrofuran solvent, which containing 0.5% w\w concentration of complex. The casting method was used to get rid of the THF solvent. (1.052×10-8 Ein.Dm-3.S-1) with wavelength λ=313 nm is the intensity of light that was utilized to irradiated films at room temperature. The performanceof photostabilization for these complexes estimated from calculating the photodecomposition constant (kd) for PVC films with and without additive.

174


Surface modification and properties modulation of rGO film by short duration H2 and NH3 plasma treatment

Firzalaila Syarina Md Yakin*, Mohd Faizol Abdullah, Siti Aishah Mohamad Badaruddin,

Mohd Ismahadi Syono, Nurhidaya Soriadi

Advanced Devices Lab, MIMOS Berhad, Technology Park Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia

Abstract. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a versatile material due to the presence of oxygen functionalization. One of the methods to tunethe properties of rGO for the specific application is plasma treatment. Plasma H2 and NH3 are known introduced surface defectsfor increasing surface reactivity and inducing substitutional doping on rGO film. They need to be further discussed with the changes in electrical and optical properties of the film for the construction of devices such as electrical, optical, and electroopticalsensors. This article reports the effect of H2 and NH3 plasma treatment on the surface and properties of rGO film using avariety in plasma power and temperature. We found low-power H2 plasma at low- and medium-temperature induced further deoxygenationof rGO. A tiny etching effect by H2 plasma slightly reduces the conductivity, σ to 54.01 S/cm from the referencerGO value of 448.90 S/cm. Low-power H2 plasma at high-temperature left the high defective sites due to plasma etching. The σwas reduced to 8.04 S/cm. Medium-temperature medium-power NH3 plasma did not effective for N-doping. An etching effect byNH3 plasma noticeably reduces the σ to 5.79 S/cm. Medium-temperature high-power and high-temperature medium-power NH3plasma induce N-doping but at the same time significantly etch the rGO. They significantly reduce the hole concentration and lower the σ to 0.48 S/cm. High-power high-temperature NH3 plasma rigorously induces N-doping but extreme plasma etchingresults in poor surface condition and film discontinuity. The film exhibited electron as a majority carrier but with the lowest σ of0.05 S/cm.

175


Luminescence method to characterize the synthesis of ZnCdS quantum dots in real time

A. H. Mohmmed a, A. A. Skaptsov b and Ahmad K. Ahmad a1 a Al-Nahrain University, College of Science Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64055, Baghdad, Iraq.

b Saratov State University, College of Science Department of Physics, P.O. Box 410012, Saratov, Russia.

[email protected]

Abstract. Studying the methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles are known, but to obtain nanoparticles with specifiedproperties that allow them to be used as a biosensor is something totally different. Many problems arise associated with the implementation of the technique for creating reproducible and time-stable nanostructures. For investigationthe effectiveness of the synthesis method on the state of nanoparticles and their optical characteristics, we synthesized ZnCdS, nanoparticles by various methods, and also studied their size, structure, absorption and luminescence spectra.The results show that the aggregation of Cd in the ZnS lattice causes distortions that eventually produce structuralchanges. The synthesis of Zn1-xCdxS, nanoparticles at x<0.25, does not allow obtaining nanoparticles with a maximum wavelength of the luminescence band of more than 800 nm. While at x>0.25, the intensity of the luminescence bands decreases sharply. This shift is due to a distortion of the luminescent energy states and surface defects

176


Surface modification of Co-Cr-Mo alloy by plasma assisted CVD

Ali Mezher Resen1 1 University of Technology/Production Engineering and Metallurgy Department, Baghdad- Iraq

Abstract. Co-Cr-Mo alloy is a key material of total joint replacements. Ions releases (corrosion) in addition to Wear are a commonfailure mechanism in metal-on-metal (MOM).One of many new methods to coating DLCs is Plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) technique. Using PACVD to coat Co-Cr-Mo alloy is a new technique needs many research to allow for using in biomedical applications.DLCs provides smooth morphology surface. That morphology is reducing of surface roughness improvement tribologicalbehavior. Using a best condition of coating parameters are Acetylene gas flow rate 40sccm and voltage is 1600v withVoltage between electrodes is 250 v for (PACVD) results coating film with 83% diamond like carbon (sp3) withthickness is 100 µm. Observations of surface indicate by suing both SEM and AFM indicate no crack and smooth surfacewith surface roughness is 0.679 µm in DLCs. Raman tested to determine the amount diamond like carbon (sp3) is 83%.thatmeaning the minimum of hydrogen content. Hardness tested to indicate increasing up to three times. The hardness ofcoating samples is 11.77 Hv, while in substate was about 3.923 Hv. Corrosion test by using simulated body fluidsolution. DLCs improved the corrosion resistance of Co-Cr-Mo alloy with semi-body fluid solution. the samples have spontaneously passive in semi-body fluid solution at current density is 32.6 ˟10-6 A/cm2 at potential is -416.5 mV foruncoated sample. While for DLCs current density is 3.92˟10-6 A/cm2 with the potential of -35.5 mV. From comparing the maximum current for both samples shows the density for uncoated more than the DLCs, it is 207 and 11.1 mA/cm2respectively. This reduction of the current densities explains improvement of corrosion resistance due to the surface modification by DLCs. Also, the reduced of electron conductivity of DLCs in comparison to uncoated sample indicate low electrical conductivity of the DLCs. That reduces the electron transport and the exchange of electrical charges at the samples surface, which is necessary for the electrochemical corrosion. In addition, reduces the Ni ion release of alloy.

177


Effect of Rheological properties of (Poly vinyl alcohol/ Dextrin/ Naproxen) Emulsion on the Performance of Drug Encapsulated

Nanofibers Diana Farisa , Nizar Jawad Hadi b , Salih Abbas Habeeb a,b,1

a,b, 1Department of polymer and petrochemical industries engineering College of Materials Engineering, University of Babylon, Iraq

Abstract. This study focuses on the effect of the rheological properties of the polymer solution on its nanofibers' characteristics. Various Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentrations have been added to a constant ratio of Dextrin and Naproxen (NAP). Nanofiber morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) devices. The results showed that the solutions' non-Newtonian nature reduces the shearviscosity by increasing the shear rate for all solutions. The SEM micrograph and DSC thermograms show that the diameter,alignment, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the nanofiber improved with an increase in PVA concentrations.

178


Enhancing Recycled Aggregate Concrete Properties by Using Polymeric Materials

Sameh B. Tobeiaa, Mustafa M. Khattabb, Hasanain H. Khlaifc, Mohammed S. Ahmedc 1 aLecturer, University of Technology,Baghdad, Iraq

bAssistant Lecturer, University of Technology,Baghdad, Iraq

cStudent, University of Technology,Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Concrete is one of the most common construction materials all over the world and the most widely used in civil engineering applications. In recent years, a need for recycled aggregate was growing largely to solve several environmental problems. However, the use of recycled aggregate (RA) in producing new concrete has negative effects on the strength of the newlyproduced concrete. In this study, Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) and polypropylene fiber (PF) were used as admixtures inorder to recover the compressive and the tensile strength of the recycled aggregate concrete. It was found that the use of SBR isuseful to recover and improve both the compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete containing RA with different ratiosby enhancing the bond between the recycled aggregate and the components of the new mix, were compressive strength enhanced by ratios of 92.566% and 197.894% for RA replacing ratio of 50% and 100% respectively as SBR added by 1.5%. While, the use of PF shows no significant improving to compressive strength, in fact a reduction was found. On the contrary, the splitting tensile strength recovered and enhanced by 56% and 106.122% for mixes containing RA of 50% and 100% respectively with 1% PFaddition.

179


Effect of suction or blowing on velocity and temperature distribution of flow over a flat plate

Ahmed Mustaffa Saleema,*, Noor Moner Bashera, Anwar Ahmed Yousifa aNorthern Technical University, IRAQ.

Abstract. In this paper, laminar, incompressible flow with constant pressure gradient and constant wall temperature over a flat plate for several values of fluid suction and blowing parameters at β = -0.1978, m = -0.09 and β = 0.66, m = 0.5 respectively were studied numerically. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations by using asimilarity variable and then solved numerically adopting Runge–Kutta integration method. Effects of continuous suction and blowing with very low ratio of constant velocity to free stream neglecting the mass transfer on the velocity, temperature profilesand skin friction are presented. The results indicated that the skin friction factor is increased with increase the value of the suction for given Reynolds number. In order to reduce the skin friction, the laminar flow and avoid transition the blowing have been applied. The effect of fluid blowing parameter on velocity profile in hydrodynamic boundary layer are the certain incidence angles.Results show that the hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness is increased due to the blowing. It can be noted that the delayingseparation is led to increase of the maximum lift. It was observed that increasing the maximum lift by maintain laminar flow to avoid transition and delaying separation to reduce skin friction is existing by suitable magnitude of suction or blowing. It is concluded that the skin friction is decreasing due to apply the blowing over a flat plate.

180


Novel Nanocomposite adsorbent for desulfurization of 4,6- dimethyldibenzothiophene from model fuel Burooj Dhia Radhi1, Wadood Taher Mohammed

Chemical Engineering Department, College of engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. In the present study, TiO2/Y-zeolite nanocomposite was successfully manufactured from TiO2 prepared by sol-gel method and commercial HY zeolite. Then, characterized by XRD, AFM, BET, SEM and EDX analysis. The nanocomposite was introduced for ultra-deep adsorptive desulfurization of 4,6- dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) from model fuel at mild conditions of25°C and atmospheric pressure via batch mode experiments. The results showed that the adsorbent achieved a sulfur removal efficiency higher than 99% with an initial sulfur content in the model fuel of 280 ppm. This high performance was attributed toits large surface area and good mechanical properties. The effect of different initial sulfur content of model fuel and adsorbent amount were also investigated. The most of the sulfur compound was removed before equilibrium time 30 min. A high static saturated sulfur capacity of 11 (mg S/g adsorbent) was achieved. The adsorption equilibrium analysis was investigated and experimental data were best fitted with Langmuir isotherm. The isotherm equations corelate the data with correlation coefficients(R2) values in the order of: Langmuir>Temkin>Freundlich.

181


Study the Effects of Different Size of Al2O3 Nanoparticles on 6066AA and 7005AA Composites on Mechanical Properties

Mamoon A. A. Al- Jaafari University of Al-Mustansiriya, Mechanical Eng. Department, Baghdad,Iraq

Abstract. Nanotechnology is dispersion massively in the many difficult fields of medicines and other areas like aviation, vehicles and energy. Strengthening of nano-sized particles with aluminium’s matrix produces grander properties.6066AA and 7005AA and Al2O3 were used to produce Al-2.0%Al2O3 nano-composites. The size of nano particlesare (20, 40 and 100) nm. An experimental result shows noticeable improvement in tensile strength, yield strength and hardness. . UTS of metallic nano-composite were improved to classify 6066AA and 7005AA to an alloy of 25.65%and 34.75%, respectively the maximum enhancement accord with 20nm particle size. The ductility has been greatlyreduced for each of the base alloys.

182


Biodegradable Composites for Filament Winding Process Ganesh D.Shrigandhi,Basavaraj S.Kothavale

School of Mechanical Engineering,Dr.Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University,Paud Road,Pune,INDIA 411038

Abstract. The extensive use of composites materials has created disposal and environmental issues. With awareness of preserving the environment, the use of environmentally friendly, sustainable and biodegradable composites have been started. From few decades, natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRC’s) and bio-degradable resins are used extensively for automotive, construction and other applications. The hybridization of synthetic fiber with natural fiber has gained the attention of researchers. The axisymmetric components such as pressure vessel, driveshaft, storage tanks, pipes, etc. are fabricated by filament winding process. Commonly glass, carbon, aramid fibers are used for this process. The use of natural fibers is challenging in filamentwinding as these fibers are not continuous, hydrophilic nature, poor bonding with matrix, available geographically, less tensile strength as compare to synthetic fibers.This paper is intended to explore the potential of natural fiber for the filament winding process. High cellulose content and low microfibril angle (MFA) in plant fiber are responsible for the high strength of the natural fiber. Surface modification techniques improve the adhesion between fiber and matrix which results in improving the tensile strength of the composite. Few researchers used sisal, flax and jute fiber for the filament winding process. This paper contains, an outline of filament winding process parameters like fiber tension, winding pattern, winding angle, optimum winding pattern and potential of few plant-based natural fibers and their properties have been highlighted for filament winding process. Also, surface modification techniques to improve the tensile strength of a few plant-based fibers are also been discussed. The global composite pressure vessel synthetic material market is expected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth rate (CAGR)of 23% from 2017 to 2023. The development of a new hybrid composite made of natural and synthetic fiber suitable for filament winding need to be discovered.

183


Characterization of polylactic acid ceramic composites synthesized by casting method

Amirouche Bouamer a,b, Nasser Benrekaab and Abderrahmane YOUNES a a Research Center in Industrial Technologies (CRTI), P.O.Box 64, Cheraga 16014 Algiers, Algeria

b Materials Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers,

Algeria

Abstract. In this research, polylactic acid /SiO2/AlO composite films were elaborated using a casting method. The morphology, microstructure, and optical properties of the PLA and composite films were investigated. The optical microscopy images show that SiO2 and AlO were homogeneously dispersed in the PLA matrix. AFMimages show in the case of pure PLA, the surface appeared smoother in comparison to the composite films,which have rough surfaces. The results of the ATR spectroscopy show, that the PLA/SiO2 /AlO composite films contain the functional groups of Si-O-Si, Si-OH, and Al-OH due to the nucleating effect of SiO2 and AlOparticles with the PLA matrix. The XRD result shows that PLA has a semi-crystalline structure. The presence of AlO particles in the PLA matrix did not affect its semi-crystalline structure, while the addition of the SiO2 andSiO2/AlO particles increases the formation of the crystal phase. As a result, the crystallinity of the PLA is improved.

184


Permanent Deformation Characteristics of Modified Thin Overlay Bitumen Mixtures Comprising Waste Polymers

Yassir Abo Almaalia, Shakir Al-Busaltanb aDr, Directorate of Roads and Bridges, The Ministry of Construction and Housing in Iraq, e-mail:

[email protected]

bAssist Prof. Dr, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala in Iraq, e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. Using Thin Asphalt Overlay (TAO) as a maintenance or preservation layer is a promising technology supporting the development of the sustainable paving industry; any upgrades to such techniques in terms of mechanical, volumetric, and durability characteristics of the resulting pavement are thus extremely valuable. Permanent deformation represents one of the main mechanical characteristics of asphalt mixtures; thus, the aim of the current research was to evaluate the permanent-deformation characteristics of modified TAO mixtures utilizing waste polymers. Processing the investigation involved preparing the polymer modified asphalt (PMA) with dual additives kinds: Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM) and Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE). The Superpave design method was followed to determine the resistance to permanent deformation parameters in each mixture using the Wheel Tracking (WT) test. The prepared PMAs were comprised of 5 to 25% of 250-micron crumb rubber with or without the adding of 0, 2.5, 5.0,7.5, and 10.0% LDPE. The results demonstrated that the addition of 15% CRM to the asphalt binder created a binder that was betterable to resist permanent deformation while offering acceptable binder characteristics in term of workability. Asphalt binder wasseen to become harder, having a higher viscosity with such additions, increasing the stiffness of binder and creating a consequent stiffening of the mixture. Similarly, when LDPE was added, an increase in resistance to permanent deformation was clear, with the laboratory work and the data analysis both showing that for different ratios of LDPE, an increase in the rut depth occurs at 5%LDPE, while increased proportions of polyethylene reduce rut depth and improve rutting resistance performance. Utilizing this effect is supported by the general trend to reuse larger quantities of waste materials to reduce the damage of collection and storage of such materials.

185


Evaluation of the wells water quality for irrigation in Ein Al- Husaan village, Talafar district, Iraq Mohammed Hazim Sabry Al-Mashhadany

College of Education for Pure Sciences

University of Mosul

Abstract. The current study was conducted to assess the groundwater for irrigation purposes in the village of Ein Al-Husaan inTalafar district in Nineveh Governorate, based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) as an effective method for determining the suitability of water for irrigation. Ten wells were selected for five months with a sample site for each month and some physical, chemical, and biological tests were performed that include: pH, EC25, bicarbonate, chloride, and F. colif. In addition to calculating the irrigation coefficients of % Na , SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio) , KR (Kelly Ratio), MAR (MagnesiumAdsorption Ratio), RSC (Residual Sodium Carbonate), PI (Permeability index), and PS (Potenial Salinity), the results showed that the PS was higher than the permissible limits for irrigation as a result of the passage of water with the rocks of evaporatorsthat contain sulfates, while the water quality index ranged between (54.83 - 61.58). This indicates that all the water from wellswas of good quality according to the classification

186


Study of the Skin Depth in Different Metallic Atoms Sanar Gasid Hassan, Elham Jasim Mohammad

Physics Department, College of Science, Mustansiryah University, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. This study is a theoretical method for computation skin depth in different metallic atoms. A MATLAB m-file is developed and used to compute the skin depth of Gold, Copper and Silver. It was found that an inversely relationship between the skin-depth with the frequency, conductivity and square root of permeability. The depth of the skin layer depends not only on the conductivity of the material and frequency, but also on the effective value of magnetic permeability, which in turn is a function of frequency. Silver and Copper have higher conductivity than that of Gold. The most electrically conductive element is Silver, followed by Copper and Gold. Silver, Copper and Gold skin depth vs. intensity of current vector has been plotted and discussed.

187


Structural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Slabs with Expanded Clay Aggregate

T M Ismaela, S D Mohammeda aUniversity of Baghdad, Department of Civil Engineering, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. The main objectives of this study are to inspect experimentally the structural behavior of fiber reinforced lightweight concrete two way slab through examining the influence of different fibers combinations on the initial crack load, ultimate load, strain distribution, maximum deflection and ductility factor. The experimental program of this study included fabricating and testing eleven specimens cast using lightweight concrete of expanded clay aggregate. All the considered specimens were identical in their dimensions (1150×1150×100 mm), constituent materials properties, fiber volume fraction, and steel reinforcement details except their steel fibers combination. One of the specimens was of plain concrete (without fibers), two of them were reinforced by mono steel fiber (hooked or straight), another two were of triple hybrid fibers (three types of fibers: hooked and straight with glass or polypropylene), while the remaining (six specimens) were of double hybrid fibers (two types of fibers: hooked or straight with glass or polypropylene) reinforced concrete. According to the obtained results, adding mono fiber or hybrid fibers is highly effective to enhance the initial crack load, ultimate load, strain distribution, maximum deflection and ductility. It also increased the stiffness ofthe specimens. Moreover, it deferred the proliferation of cracks, restricted their progressing, kept the integrity of the specimens at the post cracking stage, and avoided their ruin at the failure stage through its “bridging” effect. The outcomes of the experimental results illustrated that hybrid fibers had the most significant advanced effect on the structural behavior of lightweight concrete specimens. Moreover; the optimization procedure revealed that the best performance in terms of maximum achieved in the specimen reinforced by hybrid fibers [straight + hooked + polypropylene]. The maximum achieved enhancement was 133.33%, 81.4%, 24.56%, 29.35% and 147% for the initial crack load, ultimate load, strain distribution, deflection and ductility, respectively.

188


EFFECT OF MK AND SF ON THE CONCRETE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Mohammed F. Hasana, Mohammed A.Hassanb, Khalid H.Lateef c a,b,c University of Samarra, college of engineering, Samarra, 34010, Iraq

Abstract. This paper inspects the impact of MK and SF on the mechanical properties of concrete. In this study the replacement percentage of cement with Meta-kaolin was ranged from (7-8% ) and the addition of silica fume by (15%). The results showed that the obtained compressive strengths, split tensile strengths and flexural strengths for the concrete have been determined that all results of the testshave been increased while increasing the meta kaolin ratio up to 7%. later there is a little decreasing in the strength for overflowing use of meta kaolin up to 7.5% and 8% which decreases the ratio ofw/c and postponement the activity of a pozzolan. The maximum value of strength with the 7% ratioof meta kaolin addition is sufficient because the meta kaolin amount reacts with the calciumhydroxide which speeds up the hydration of cement and creates gel of C-SH . From the results the best percentage of Meta-kaolin can be replaced with cement is (7%)with addition of silica fume by(15%).

189


Effect of Zinc oxide and alumina nanoparticles on Structural, magnetic and mechanical properties of the iron matrix synthesized by mechanical milling

and thermal spraying A.YOUNES1, N. DILMI2, A.BOUAMER1

1 Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, Cheraga, Algiers, Algeria

2 Laboratory of surface treatment & Materials, University of Saad Dahleb Blida, Algeria

[email protected]

Abstract. The effect of Al2O3 and ZnO on the microstructure, magnetic and mechanical properties of the iron is the objective of this work. For the Fe / Al2O3 and Fe/ZnO nanostructured composite, the powder alloy have milled by PM400 planetary ball Mill at different millingtimes with 15 min of milling follow to 15 min of the break, at a speed of 320 rpm, after 30h,the average crystallite size of Fe/Al2O3 and Fe/ZnO was 5 nm and 10 nm, respectively. Up to30h, the lattice strain increased to about 0.64% for Fe/ Al2O3 and 0.59% for Fe/ZnO. Thecoercivity (Hc) increased from 6.407 to 82.027Oe for Fe/Al2O3, and increased from 6.947Oeto 246.286Oe for for Fe/ZnO, on the other hand the saturation magnetization (Ms) decreased from 20.732 to 15.181emu/g for Fe/Al2O3 and 10.593 to 18.59 emu/g for Fe/ZnO, duringmilling time. Coated steel plate by Fe/ZnO and Fe/Al2O3 nanocomposite milled until 20h by athermal spray process. ). the objectif of this work is to studied the effect of milling time and the addition of different oxide element on the metal matrix for the nanocomposite powder, and then studied the effect of the thermal spraying process on the strucural, mechanical andmagnetic properties of the nanocomposite coating. After thermal spraying, many differentphases were appeared in Fe/Al2O3 coating, such as Al2O3, Fe2O3 and Al2FeO4 and ZnFe2O4,NiFe2O4 and FeNi on Fe/ZnO coating. The change in the chemical composition of coating was influenced on the magnetic behavior and structural properties, the maximum saturationmagnetization was found in Fe60(ZnO)40 sprayed powder, however, the maximum coercivitywas found in Fe60(Al2O3)40 sprayed powder.

190


Study and evaluation of four bar polycentric knee used in the prosthetic limb for transfemoral amputee during the gait cycle

Firas Thair Al-Malikya,b , Jumaa Salman Chiada aUniversity of Al-Nahrain, Mechanical Engineering Department, Iraq

bUniversity of Alkafeel, Computer Engineering Techniques, Najaf, Iraq

Abstract. The prosthetic knee is one of the most important parts used in manufacturing of the above knee prostheses limb and it is considered the most important component. Accordingly, it became necessary to conduct a study and evaluate for different types a prostheticknee. In present work, the mechanism of four bar 3R20 prosthetic knee were evaluated and studied. Virtual model of four bar 3R20prosthetic knee joint was built using Solid Work 2018 program. The fifty parts of four bar polycentric knee were designed separately and then assembled together. The kinematic analysis of four bar polycentric knee was performed using geometric analysis and Grashof law for double rocket. The results of instant center of rotation (ICR) from analytical solution was estimated using MATLAB program. The kinetic model include data of two components of forces and joint moments which used for transfemoralamputee with (age, height, weight, and stump length) of (28 years,178 cm,78 kg, and 29 cm) respectively. The numerical analysis of four bar prosthetic knee involved select the element type in ANSYS Workbench 19.2 program. Quadrilateral and trihedralelements were used in the finite element analysis to generate the mesh. The static analysis was investigated during differentsegmentation of gait cycle. The results of equivalent (von Mises) stress distribution calculated during stance phase for different loading conditions showed that the maximum stress was printed at the loading response phase with 226.93 Mpa at the root region between prosthetic knee and socket when orientation angles 𝜃2 = 85. 5° and 𝜃4 = 105. 4° and ICR coordinates are -0.560 mm and77.388 mm for X,Y respectively.

191


Investigation of corrosion penetration rate on alloy steel in petroleum industries for three samples of crude oil, northern Iraq

Omer Haitham Kanama,1, Maher Obaid Ahmedb, Adil akram mahmoodc a,cDepartment of Mining Engineering, College of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, University of Mosul, Mosul,

41002 Iraq

bDepartment of Petroleum and Refining Engineering, College of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, University of Mosul, 41002, Iraq

Abstract. In the field of oil, a crude oil is transported from the extraction site to the refinery, where it is stored in tanks, and then pumped to the refining towers for the purpose of starting the separation process. This paper is focused on the corrosion problem effect on the conveying media such as pipe or tanks made of alloy steel material. The current study includes using of three samples of crude oil from northern Iraq which the crude based on the region located in,Kirkuk, Makhmour, and Qayara. The corrosion effect on alloy steel material sample experiment is held by immersing the metal specimens in a crude oil at room temperature 25[oC]. The loss weight method to know the corrosion effect is used by weighting the alloy steel samples before and after immersing it in a crude oil through time. The CPR (corrosion penetration rate) had been calculated for the three samples, it’s clear that the Qayara andMakhmour crude oils had higher rates of corrosion of the alloy steel metal and the lowest is the Kirkuk crude oil .The Qayara Crude oil sample has higher penetration for the metal by approximately 70[%] more than KirkukSample. The weight loss percentage of Kirkuk and Makhmour crude oil samples were almost converging between (0.11%-0.15%) while it was 0.75% for the specimen effected by Qayara crude oil. A mechanical tensile test was taken before and after for the corrosion effect for the samples. The full mechanical test report is shown in the results for all the samples being checked and analyzed. The most noticeable is the reduction in yield ,ultimate stresses aswell as the elongation are maximum decreased by 1.2[%], 0.65[%] and 4[%] respectively, because the variations inthe chemical elements for each sample of the crude oil.

192


Gold Nano particles based Optical fibers for a Different Sensor in a Review

Nabaa K. Hassana, Makram A. Fakhria, 1, Evan T. Salimc, 2, Mothana A. Hassana aLaser and Optoelectronic Engineering Department, University of Technology, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq

aApplied Science Department, University of Technology, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. A great combination could be obtained by engaged the fascination properties of nano-material’s and the distinctive features of optical fibers were an attractive new plat form for chemical sensing could be obtained. In general, the work on this field could be classified in different categories. A comparison on metal and metaloxide modified optical fiber represents the first group. The second group comprises carbon based nanomaterial suchas CNTs and graphene oxides and others. This review with 60 refs. summarizes the proceed made in the past yearsin the field of the modified optical fiber sensors. We conducted a census and enumeration of the process of developing innovative applications based on optical fibers, with a focus on the process of coating the outer surface ofoptical fibers with gold nanoparticles as well as silver nanoparticles and their use in the design of optical and biological sensors and various gases.

193


Structural Behavior of Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Beams of Trapezoidal Section

Mr. Majid J. Sada∗ and Prof. Dr Sa'ad F. Resan Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Misan, Amarah, Iraq

Abstract. The structural behavior of the hybrid reinforced concrete beams of the trapezoidal section is investigated in this paper. The study mainly aims to investigate the interaction effect of hybrid concrete compressive strength–section geometry variation upon beamstrength characteristics. In addition to two steel rebar ratios ρ (0.008617 and 0.01508), various concrete compressive strengths(70, 50, and 25 Mpa) are considered, and three different trapezoidal geometries of different alignment side angles (75°, 80°, and85°) are adopted. Experimental results generally showed that the flexural strength capacity is increased with the expanding areaof high-strength concrete in the compression zone by increments ranging from 2.16%–6.77% compared with reference specimensof uniform section (rectangular section). Meanwhile, the first crack load is decreased. Moreover, the hybrid concretedemonstrated high ductile behavior, the comparison of results with hybrid strength reduction index (Ψ = fcu bottom/fcu top) showed that the reduction of 0.714 to 0.357 resulted in the following: the average rating of ductility varies between 1–1.24 and1.03–1.26 considering rectangular specimens and the trapezoidal section of uniform strength, respectively. The significant failuremode was flexure mode without slippage of hybrid concrete layers.

194


Experimental investigation of thermal performance of the graphene-coated Al heat sink

Ammar M. Hadi1,2, Muneer A. Ismael1, Haider A. Alhattab2 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

2Electronic and Communication Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Kufa,

Najaf, Iraq

Abstract. To get rid of the heat better by improving the thermal performance of a heat sink, Al substrate was coated by a graphene layer with a different thickness by using a chemical spray method. The thickness of layers was changed by changing the spry time from1000 to 5000ms. Surface morphology was tested by using SPM to investigate the change that was occurred on the surface. In order to understand the performance of graphene-coated Al heat sink, a wind tunnel has been designed to investigate heat transfercoefficient, Nusselt number and thermal transmittance for each sample under turbulent flow condition with four values ofReynolds number. The results showed that graphene improves the thermal performance, and this performance is getting better with the thickness of graphene, up to critical thickness.

195


Experimental Investigation of a Double Glazing Integrated Solar

Water Heater with Corrugated Absorber Surface Nassir D. Mokhlifa,*, Muhammad Asmail Eleiwib, Tadahmun Ahmed Yassenb

aPetroleum and Gas Refining Eng. Dept., College of Petroleum Processes Eng., Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq

bMechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq

Abstract. The design of an integrated solar water heating system uses a single glazed cover does not keep the water heat at suitable temperature due to the heat loss occurred. This article is concerned about the effect of a double glass panel cover on the efficacyof the integrated solar water heater of an absorber made of metals with corrugated shape. A testbed was developed and used to conduct outdoor experiments. Two case scenarios were experimented, without flow rate and with a flow rate. The water temperature variation for both scenarios was observed and recorded for the 140 Liters storage tank. Due to the proposed thermaldesign enhancement, the temperature of the stored water had increased in both scenarios, compared to previous designs. In otherwords, the daily thermal efficiency got increased compares to previous designs as the heat losses were reduced due to the doubleglazingcover. The results showed that domestic hot water appropriate for human use can be obtained using the proposedintegrated solar water heater. Moreover, the present study in comparison with previous studies show increasing in daily thermal efficiency by 4.6%.

196


Effect Of Zno Nanoparticles Deposition On Porous Silicon Solar Cell

Marwa K. Abooda 1 ,Mohammed A. Fayada, Hind A. Al Salihia , Hassan Ali Abdulmajeed

Salbib

aEnergy and renewable energies technology center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq.

bUniversity of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Abstract. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin film was prepared by using a Pulse Laser Deposition (PLD) method which was deposited on a poroussilicon layer. The structural and morphological properties of the deposited film were characterized. The results showed that theoptical properties analyses have high absorption in ultra violate region and wide bandgap within a value around (3.7) e.V. the results obtained that the structural feature film has a crystalline hexagonal structure and its grain size around 17.5 nm. Furthermore, the solar cell efficiency improved after ZnO nanoparticle deposition to be around 15.6% compared to 10.56% forporous silicon solar cells.

197


Effect of aging and moisture damage on the cracking resistance of rubberized asphalt mixture

Hasanain Radhi Radeef 1a, Norhidayah Abdul Hassan *1b, Ahmad Razin

Zainal Abidin1c, Mohd Zul Hanif Mahmud1d, Haryati Yaacob 1e, Nordiana

Mashros 1f, Azman Mohamed 1g

1School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 81310, Johor, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract. The use of crumb rubber to modify asphalt mixtures has astounding economic and environmental benefits. However, the use of asphalt mixture modified by crumb rubber is uncertain specifically when it is added by the dry method due to the low stability and cracking performance of the produced mixtures. Moreover, the high air voidcontent of the produced mixture results in its low resistance to moisture damage and aging effect. This study attemptsto investigate the effect of moisture damage and aging on the cracking performance of rubberized asphalt mixtures.Indirect tensile strength test was used to investigate the CT index, fracture energy, and tensile strength. The IDEALCTcharacterization correlated well with field performance in terms of thermal cracking and reflective cracking. Thetest was conducted before and after exposure of the asphalt samples to two levels of aging and one level of moisturedamage. Results show that the total fracture energy of rubberized asphalt is higher than that of the control mixtures. However, the rubberized mixture shows low tensile strength particularly for the moisture conditioning. Meanwhile,the rubberized mixture has a higher CT index value than the control mixtures.

198


EFFECT OF THE WEB, FACE SIDES AND ARC’S DIMENSIONS ON THE OPEN TOP-HAT STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE

SUBJECTED TO A FLEXURAL STATIC LOADING Samer Fakhri Abdulqadira, Alaseel Bassamb, M.N.M. Ansarib,c, Rabah S. Shareefa

aDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University Of Anbar, Iraq

bMechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Tenaga National (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Malaysia

c Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga National (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Malaysia

Abstract. This paper presents the study of the open-top hat structure subjected to quasi-static loading. The finite element models have been carried out using the nonlinear finite element ABAQUS. The open-top hat structure is mainly used as an energy absorber or as aB-pillar in the side of the car. The B-pillar is usually subjected to a flexural (bending) loading. In this study, the open-top hatstructure was used to eliminate the effect of the closure plate on the performance, and to establish the effect of changing thedimensions of the face and web sides on the performance. Despite changing the dimensions of the face and web sides, the perimeterof the open-top hat structure was preserved. The study procedure is divided into three phases. The first phase includes changingthe length of the sides of the structure to determine the best dimensions in terms of energy absorption (EA) and the maximum peakforce and hence the bending resistance of the structure that represents the higher performance of the structure. The second phaseuses different angles between the face side and the web side to determine the effect of angle on the structure performance. Thethird phase includes changing the top and bottom arc sizes with different values to verify their effect on the structurecrashworthiness performance. The results of the first and second phases have shown that the T2 design with a side angle of 94 hasan outstanding crashworthiness performance and therefore was the selected to be further enhanced in the third phase. The thirdphase uses a wide range of the top and bottom arc dimensions to optimise the performance of the structure further. The designR1212 has shown the best performance. It has 14.5% more energy absorption, and 18.8% higher mean load when compared to T2-94.

199


SIMULATION OF THIN-WALLED DOUBLE HEXAGONAL ALUMINIUM 5754 ALLOY FOAM-FILLED SECTION SUBJECTED

TO DIRECT AND OBLIQUE LOADING Samer Fakhri Abdulqadira, Alaseel Bassamb, M.N.M. Ansarib,c

aDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Anbar, Iraq

bMechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Tenaga National (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Malaysia

c Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga National (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Malaysia

Abstract. This paper presents the numerical study of the dynamic loading on the thin-walled tube made of aluminium alloy. The non-linearfinite element was used to simulate and to predict the crushing phenomenon of the structure subjected to dynamic loading. The study deals with the energy absorption of empty and aluminium foam-filled double thin-walled hexagonal tubes under axialcrushing load. The specimen is a regular hexagonal tube which consists of an outer and inner tube. The outer tube was fixed at aperimeter of 360mm with a side of 60mm each. While different inner perimeters were used. The paper studied two types of structures, the empty double hexagonal tubes and foam-filled tubes. The multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) process, thecomplex proportional assessment method (COPRAS) was used to select the best specimen. Although it has 17% lower specificenergy absorption, the specimen of inner side tube of 45mm with foam (H-D-F) was the best crashworthiness performance was selected as the best one since it has 64% lower peal force, 33% higher in CFE and reduction in specimen mass by 30%.

200


Effects of Cellulose Fibers on the Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Ahmed Aljuborya, Zaman T. Teamab, Humam T. Salmanc, Hanady M. Abd Alkareemd 1

aMustansiriyah University, Highway and Transportation Engineering Department, Bab Almoatham, Baghdad, Iraq

bUniversity of Baghdad, Engineering Affairs Department, Jadiriya, Baghdad, Iraq

cUniversity of Samarra, Civil Engineering Department, University Street, Samarra, Iraq

dUniversity of Baghdad, Civil Engineering Department, Jadiriya, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Various types of additives have been used in asphalt pavement industry to improve the performance. Among these additives, fibershave received increasing attention to achieve the desired improvement. This investigation aims to evaluate the effect of applyingdry and wet methods separately to introduce the cellulose fibers (CF) into the local hot mix asphalt (HMA). The evaluation wascarried out by measuring the volumetric and mechanical proprieties of conventional (control) and CF-asphalt mixtures. This study also aims to examine the possibility of using the cellulose fiber as a sustainable material in the local asphalt pavement industry. The effect of variations in cellulose fibers content; 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% by the weight of asphalt cement, aggregate source(Al-Nibaay and Al-Suddor aggregates), and two methods (wet and dry) for adding cellulose fibers to asphalt mixtures are evaluated.Marshall methodology and indirect tensile strength test (ITS) were applied to investigate the effects of these variables. The resultsof this study showed that the difference in mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced asphalt mixtures was more sensitive to CFapplication methods in these mixtures than the difference in volumetric properties. In addition, the wet method improved mostproperties of Al-Nibaay aggregate asphalt mixtures while the dry method improved most properties of Al-Suddor aggregate asphaltmixtures. Determination of optimum CF content was found inconclusive due to the wide variation in the measured properties. CFcan be recommended as a promising sustainable additive to improve the properties of local asphalt pavement. However, furtherinvestigation remains necessary to precisely determine the optimum CF content in parallel with the optimum asphalt content and itis also important to assess the resistance of CF-asphalt mixtures to moisture damage and aging.

201


Biocompatibility of Gold Nanoparticles: In-vitro and In-vivo study Rua J. Kadhim1, Esraa H. Karsh1, Zainab J. Taqi 1, Majid S. Jabir*1

1 Applied science department-University of Technology, Baghdad-IRAQ.

* Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract. Gold nanoparticles have unique characters such as chemical, physical, and optical properties. It have used inbiomedical, pharmaceutical, industrial, and other sciences. Thus, for their safe and effective applications, muchresponsiveness has been given to the side effect and toxicity of gold nanoparticles in biological and medical systems.In this study, we investigated the toxicity of Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using In-viro and In-vivo study. MTT assaywas used to investigate cytotoxic activity of GNPs against Rate embryonic fibroblast (REF) cell line. While, In-vivomodel the GNPs were intraperitoneal injected in mice at concertation 100µg/Kg. Then, mice body weight andhistopathological changes were studied after 4 weeks of injection. GNPs were characterized and confirmed using UVspectrumassay. Cytotoxicity of GNPs against REF cells showed no toxic effect and no morphological changes in REFcells after treated with GNPs at concentration 1, 5, and 10 µg/ml. While, histopathological results showed no changeswere addressed. The findings demonstrated that the GNPs were biocompatible materials In-vitro and In-vivo.

202


Determination of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical samples via Oxidative Coupling Reaction

IsraaTalibHameedi Dept. of Chemical Engineering/ College of Engineering / University of Tikrit/ Tikrit/ Iraq

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. Due to the importance of tetracycline hydrochloride in the medical field and in thepharmaceutical industry, a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was used todetermine the trace amount of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in this study by usingoxidative coupling reactions. This work relied on the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(2,4-DNPH) with potassium periodate in a basic medium (pH 12.9) to form a diazonium saltthat combined with tetracycline hydrochloride, resulting in a stable, water-soluble orange dyewith an absorbance of 488 nm.When absorbance is plotted against the estimated substanceconcentration, this indicates that the method follows Beer’s law in the concentration rang of2.0 -50 µg.ml-1 of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in a final volume of 25 ml with relativestandard deviation percent (R.S.D) < 0.58% and accuracy, expressed by recovery percent(99.75%) for five levels of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) concentration. the molarabsorptivity value is 1.2503 × 104 L. mol-1.cm-1and the Sandellʼs sensitivity index is 3.8461 x10-2 µg. Cm-2, this study was applied with success in the analysis of some pharmaceuticalpreparations containing tetracycline by standard addition method and for two levels ofconcentration.

203


Physical, Rheological and Morphological Characterization of Modified Asphalt Binder with Differing Crumb Rubber

Contents Rawand M Badri a Zainab A Alkaissi b Muslich Sutantoc

a PhD student, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, E-Mail: [email protected]

b Prof. Dr., Highway and Transportation Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, E-Mail:

[email protected]

c Assist Prof. Dr., Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia, EMail:

[email protected]

Abstract. Waste crumb rubber (CR) which is obtained from scrap tires can be successfully used as an asphalt binder modifier for thepurpose of attaining the economic benefits with a desirable performance. The wet process was used in this study to investigatethe rheological, morphological, and physical changes that would occurred to asphalt binder as a result of theinteraction with different rubber contents, that is, 5%, 7%, 10%, 12% and 25%. The penetration, viscosity, softening point,ductility, Superpave performance grades, multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) of the prepared modified binders weremeasured under different ageing conditions and temperature ranges. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) scanningtechnique was also conducted in tapping mode to characterize the microstructure of these binders. The obtained results showed that as the rubber content increased, the viscosity and softening point values increased with a reduction in the penetration andductility values. Rubber content of 10% was ranked as the higher percentage of rubber in terms of bumping the performancegrade by at least two grades at high testing temperatures. The grading performance tests based on rutting index (G*/sin δ°) andnon-recoverable creep compliance index (Jnr) showed a comparable result for ranking the stiffer binder with a greaterresistance to rutting. However, most of crumb rubber modified binders failed to meet the stress sensitivity criteria of MSCR test.AFM images can be considered as a new effective and suitable tool that should be adopted for further microstructural analysis.

204


Cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles: preparation and characterization

Iman H. Hadia khawla S khashana* Doaa Sulaimana aApplied science department, division of laser science and technology, University of Technology - Iraq

*corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. Cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by chemical method, and study their microstructure and opticalcharacteristics utilized X- ray diffraction XRD, Atomic force microscopy AFM, and UV-VIS spectroscopy, and the electricalproperties was also studied. The XRD pattern exhibited the cubic phase structure of CdS NPs at 2θ values of 26.3o, 43.8o, and51.8o. UV- VIS spectra showed high absorption in the UV wavelength region with a bandgap of about 3.75eV which is greaterthan that bulk CdS indicating a blue shift due to the quantum confinement effect. The prepared heterojunction has goodresponsivity about 0.34 A/W at 380nm; therefore, based on this value, is a simple, low-cost, and promising method to fabricatephotodetectors. The results of the current work indicate that the reactant sources in such a chemical method can affect the optical& physical properties of the produced semiconductor nanoparticles, consequently influenced the optoelectronic performance ofrelated heterojunction.

205


Flexural Behavior of Developed Reinforced Concrete Beams of Non prismatic Flanges

Prof. Dr. Sa’ad Fahad Resan1, 3, Mr. Jassim Kadhem Zamel2 1 Civil Engineering Department – Engineering College, University of Misan, Amarah, Iraq.

2 Building and construction department, Amara technical College, The Southern Technical University, Basrah, Iraq.

3 Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. Reinforced concrete beam of flanged section is an optimal option and has special important in reinforced beamdesign approach for its important in structural fields to maximize concrete beam strength capacity. This paperintroduces and investigates flexural behavior of proposed flanged concrete beams of non-prismatic flanges, the proposed crosssection is introduced to utilize flange section benefits besides tapering benefits to upgrade structural characteristic of reinforcedconcrete Tee beams such as section rotation capacity and flexural ductility as well as saving materials and reducing overall deadload without affects ultimate strength capacity. The experimental work program included preparing set of reinforced concrete Teebeams of tapered alignment of non-prismatic flanges, proper steel reinforcement provided according to ACI 318 provisions.Twelve reinforced concrete beams fabricated and tested; which are classified into nine specimens of non-prismatic flanges, onespecimen of rectangular section, two specimens of uniform T- section of upper and lower tapered flange thickness of considerednine sections. The structural behavior of developed beams under flexural test is discussed. The main experimented parameters arenon- prismatic flange domain, and web thickness. The results confirmed the positive effectiveness of considering in plane nonprismaticflanges within T-section upon strength rating, flexural ductility, without significant effect upon ultimate load capacityand flexural stiffness. Also, the results confirmed that up 47% of member weight could be saved when shape optimized concretebeams volume regards non prismatic flanges.

206


The Mechanical Properties of Green Mortar 1 Contained Aluminum Wastes as Substitution

of Sand Ayad S. Aadi1, Taghreed Khaleefa Mohammed Ali* 2, Rafal Ahmed Abbas Ali3, Mohammed

Mosleh Salman 4 1 Dams and Water Resources Eng. Dep., College of Engineering, University Of Anbar, Iraq,

[email protected]

* The corresponding author

2 Department of Architecture Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University

Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region – F.R. Iraq,

[email protected]

3 School buildings/Falluja education department/ Ministry of education

[email protected]

4 College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University

[email protected]

Abstract. In this investigation, the natural sand replaced up to 30% by aluminum wastes (AW) to producegreen cement mortar for different construction applications. The dry density and the compressivestrength of all specimens at ages (7, 14, and 28) days were measured. To examine themicrostructure of the specimens at 28 days, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done.The compressive strength decreased sharply by incorporating AW in cement mortar and thereduction ratio ranged between 63%- 95% for mixes contained 5% and 30% of AW respectively.The decrease in dry density was less and varied between 8% and 46% for 5% and 30% of AW inmixes respectively. The AW had the effect of retarding develop the strength. The SEM imagesshowed that there an increase in the number and size of voids and a decrease in hydrationproducts when AW was utilized in mortar. The mortar contained up to 5% of AW can be usedfor structural application. The AW ratio in the range of (15-1 30) % can be suitable for lightweight mortar for nonstructural applications.

207


The Impact of Nanomaterials on Sustainable Architectural

Applications Smart concrete as a model Rasha A. Ali1 , Omar H. Kharofa2

Lecturer / Department of Architectural Engineering / College of Engineering / Al-Nahrain University 1

Lecturer / Department of Architecture Engineering / College of Engineering / University of Mosul 2

Abstract. Nanotechnology is one of the most important modern practical trends that keep pace with the technicaldevelopment in various field of life, including the field of architecture, and the applications have helped in the units of qualitative breakthroughs that are effective on architectural designs at multiple and different levels after transformingthe traditional view of building materials into a style an advanced application that carries technological dimensions that have changed the properties of materials and contributed to their improvement while minimizing its negative effects on humans and the environment alike, this resulted in economic buildings with new aesthetic configurationsthat take into account the times and their requirements and save energy, with a longer lifespan and higher functionalefficiency, in other word, sustainable. This paper discusses the use of nanomaterials in sustainable architecturalapplications by focusing on concrete which , despite its structural efficiency , has been subjected to a lot of criticismfrom the owners of an environmental orientation that respects and emulates nature, nanotechnology has contributed toimproving this material, so it has modified it from an unacceptable material to many specialists to a sustainable materialdealing with specific architectural features of the building and contributes to its enrichment, such as aspects of energy,environment, insulation, expression, complementarity, compatibility and others. types of smart concrete were dealtwith by addressing their characteristics and areas of application by analyzing realistic architectural models and showing the advantages of using this important material in them.

208


Impact strength and Shrinkage of Sustainable Fiber Reinforced

Crushed Brick Aggregate Concrete Zainab M. Hussein, Wasan I. Khalil, and Hisham, K. Ahmed

a Highway and Transportation Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.

b Professor in the Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.

c Professor in Building and Construction Departement, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq.

E-Mail: [email protected]

Abstract. In the presented work, sustainable High-Performance Lightweight Aggregate Concretes (HPLWACs) containingcrushed clay bricks from the demolition and construction wastes as coarse lightweight aggregates (LWA) reinforcedwith the mono fiber, double, and triple fibers in many aspect ratios (l/d), and types have been created. Six preparedHPLWAC mixes were studied. Generally, the fibers’ inclusions in HPLWAC greate enhancing the ultimate failureand first crack impact resistance compared to plain specimens for hybrid and mono fiber specimens. Impact energyis increased at the failure related to concrete specimens, reinforced with the mono steel fiber was 1283 %, 1042 %t,984, and 892%. In contrast, the increment in single plastic reinforced specimens was 917 %, 908 %, 766, and 753 %at 7, 28, 60, and 90, compared to the plain specimen. The concrete specimens that are reinforced via double hybridfibers show an insignificant decrease in first crack impact resistance and overall failure compared to the mono steelfiber specimen. Triple hybrid fiber reinforced concrete specimens show the largest number of blows at the ultimatefailure and first crack. Concrete specimens reinforced with mono steel and plastic fibers have decreased in dryingshrinkage relative to plain concrete specimens. Double-hybrid concrete specimens reinforced have a slightimprovement. In comparison, concrete specimens reinforced triple hybrid fiber show a reduction in drying shrinkagethan plain concrete specimens.

209


Effect of laser annealing on gold nanofilm Safa S. Thaira, Bassam G. Rasheeda, Ahmed R. Al-Hamaoya 1

a Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Dept., Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. Laser annealing of gold nanofilms deposited on quartz substrate was perfumed. RF CO2 laser of variable power in the range1-20 W with beam quality of 1.1 was used to anneal gold films of 20, 40 and 60 nm thickness. AFM analysis emphasize thatsmaller nanocrystal sizes of 88 nm was obtained for 20 nm gold film. While optimum absorbance peak exists at about 667 nm forsmaller film thickness. Thermal analysis for the annealing process was also conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics software.Optimal temperature of 938 K was achieved when 10 W laser power and 1 mm/s scanning speed were used to anneal 20 nm goldfilm thickness. Design of expert analysis was used for better understanding of the laser annealing gold nanofilm sinceconvolution of many parameters are affecting the process output.

210


A review: The Structures of Vibration Control Devices of Zn and Fe Based

on Memory System Alloy Majid M. Kharnooba, Aameen I. Hammoodb, Al hasan J. Hasanc

Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Basrah Oil Traning Institute, Ministry of Oil, Basrah, Iraq

Ministry of Industry & Minerals Corporation of Research and Industry Development, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract. In this paper we review the primary factors worried of devising an active swing limit system. The layout technique and entrust selectiveexamples beyond the composition about associated materials. NiTi primarily based form faith alloys namely annex excellent dampingresidences preserve been the central point among modern times because about the layout regarding vibration limit systems. However, theprohibitive fabric expenses but complexity upstairs technology has superior worries regarding the practicality regarding theirs enterpriseutilization about constructions but civil constructions compared according to sordid knapsack government techniques. The exorbitant materialcosts and complexity of processing raised concerns about the practicality of its commercial use in civil buildings and structures compared toother vibration control methods. From so much background, that decrial method advances the usage on Zn since Fe based totally SMAs by wayof exploratory exam related to the content regarding their use into constructions afterward untimely buildings and vibrancies regimesystems/devices among constructions but temporal constructions.

211


TNF-α loaded on Gold nanoparticles as promising drug delivery system against

proliferation of breast cancer cells Marwa Jawad1,2, Kamile Öztürk 1, Majid S. Jabir*3

1Department of Biology, University of Aksaray-Turkey

2Department of Biology, College of science/University of Karbala-IRAQ

3 Applied science department-University of Technology, Baghdad-IRAQ.

* Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract. Even though the significant anti tumor effect of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and the essential role in various cellularand immunological properties, the clinical use of TNF-α is delayed due to its toxicity. In this study In this study, wedesigned a drug delivery system by binding gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with TNF-α then investigated their antiproliferativeactivity against human breast cancer AMJ13. The binding between GNPs and TNF-α was confirmedusing UV-spectrum assay, and transsision electron microscopy (TEM). MTT assay and colony forming assay wereused to investigate cytotoxic activity of drug delivery system against AMJ13 cell line. Apoptosis was measured bythe Acrydine orange –Propodium Iodide AO/PI double staining assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential assay ofAMJ13 cells after treated with GNPs-TNF was measured by flow cytometry technique. the results of this studydemonstrated that the TNFα-GNPs inhibits proliferation of AMJ13 cells, resulting in apoptosis and involvesmitochondrial damage. Taken together, the results of current study demonstrated that suggest that the GNPs -TNFαcould be used in medical application in future and offer new drug recompense a chemotherapydrug .

212


Crude Oil Affecting growth of plants (Castor: Ricinus communis, and

Bean: Vicia faba) and Some Soil Properties Baraa M. Ibrahim Al-Hilali a, Mustafa A. Theyab b, Noor-Alhuda, H. Hasan

c,

Marwan Q.AL-Samarraie d, Sarah Hashim Sahi e, Hanan Safa'a Abdullah f a Biology Department, College of Education, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq.

b Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq.

c Ministry of Science & Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.

d Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Applied Science, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq.

Abstract. Crude oil is extracted from the ground and has many benefits, but it has other side that make it a pollutant to environment, as it needs a long time to decompose in the water as well as the soil, and if it spills over the soil surface it can cause harm to different plants in varying degrees; it also affects the properties of soil and levels of elements in. The current study examined the effect of crude oil on some soil properties, as well as the growth of studied plants, namely castor and beans (Ricinuscommunis, Vicia faba). Results after crude oil show increased in all measured samples of beans soil Cho, Hum, K, P, N, EC, pH (44.3, 44.3, 4.6, 10.3, 2.8, 5, 7.6) continuously. The bean plant showed decreased in the results of Length, Dry W, K, P,N, Cho, Chl as (20, 9.2, 8, 6.4, 1.7, 10.8, 11.6). while the castor was Resistant to pollution which were recorded (26, 9.2, 8.5, 4.3, 1.8, 10.3, 12.4) for Length, Dry W,K, P, N, Cho, Chl; the castor soil Not affected by crude oil.

213


Chemical and Microbial Health Risk Assessment of Drinking Water

Treatment Plants in Kut City , Iraq Wisam Thamer Al-Mayah1

Department of Dentistry, Al-Manara College of Medical Sciences, Iraq

Abstract. The aim of this study is to determine suitability the quality of drinking water for human consumption. Monthly samples were taken from tow water treatment plants in Kut city with the aim of improving public healthinterventions. To assess drinking water quality, we measured fifteen parameters namely: temperature, pH, turbidity,TDS, TS, DO, BOD5, TH, SO4, NO3, PO4, Pb, Fe, Al and fecal coliform. All the water quality parameters are exceed maximum permissible limit values recommended by World Health Organization (2015) and Iraqi drinking water standards (417/2011), except pH, BOD5 and NO3. National Sanitation Foundation Index (NSF-WQI) were used for evaluate drinking water quality. The calculated value of NSF-WQI indicates that the drinking water qualityin the city of Kut are medium category (NSF-WQI=50-69) in all six site except KU3 and KA3 are classified as badcategory (NSF-WQI=25-49) in summer season, and that turbidity, Pb, Fe and fecal coliform are the main reason indeterioration of drinking water quality.

214


Improving Torsional – Flexural Resistance of Concrete Beams Reinforced by Hooked and Straight Steel Fibers

Milad Adnan Hadia, Shatha D. Mohammedb bUniversity of Baghdad, Department of Civil Engineering, Baghdad, Iraq.

Abstract. This research studied the behavior of hooked and straight steel fiber reinforced concrete beam under the influence of combinedtorsional-flexural load. The experimental program included three fixed supported fiber reinforced concrete beams of(1800*250*300)mm dimensions. All beams were of volume fraction (Vf = 1.5%) and same details, except their fibers type (nofiber, hook fiber, and straight fiber).From hardened concrete test results, it was concluded that beam of hooked steel fiber gave the best enhancing where the increasein the compressive and tensile strength reached to 33.37% and 55.08% respectively, while straight fiber’s improving was in thesecond order.Diagonal crack was observed between the two torque-arms. In all fiber reinforced beams, the initial cracks were arising after theno-fiber beam. It was also concluded that hooked fiber had the best influence in improving beam pre and post cracking behavior.Regarding the ultimate load, H1.5 model was detected to be the strongest beam (128.13% improvement was obtained). Model S1.5was in the second order and the last was NF. The results of load versus deflection and angle of twist for all specimens indicated alinear behavior at the earlier stage of loading (approximately (21-34) % from the ultimate load), deformation/twisting after that wasincreased gradually till failure. Nevertheless, elastic stiffness didn’t significantly affected by fiber content. Impact of fiber addingwas evident at the nonlinear stage, beams can sustain higher load at the same deflection/twisting rate when fibers are used. Nosignificant strain has been recorded in the flexural reinforcement (S1&S2) and no main flexural cracks had been appeared but alarge wide diagonal cracks had been generated in the middle twisted region and near supports, the highest obtained strain were inthe stirrups S4 and S5, although the applied load was torsional-flexural, all beams fail by excessive twisting.Keywords: Reinforced Concrete Beam; Combined Torsional-Flexural Load; Steel Fibers.

215


A Numerical Analysis on the Effect of Pile Head Connections on Piled Raft Foundation Subjected to Vertical and Static Horizontal Load

Uttam Kumar1 and Dr. Sandeep Vasanwala2 1Research scholar, Civil engineering department, S.V.N.I.T Surat, India

2Professor, Civil engineering department, S.V.N.I.T Surat, India

Abstract. A numerical analysis has been performed on the piled raft subjected to uniform vertical load and static horizontal load onpiled raft foundation. The applied horizontal load was about 6%, 8%, 9% and 12% of vertical applied load. A constantspacing and uniform length to diameter ratio of 3x3 pile group of piled raft models have been adopted in the present study.These models were validated first and then analysis of adopted finite element models resting on cohesion less soil has beencarried out. The rigid and hinged pile head connectivity with raft has been considered. The effect of raft-soil stiffness has beenadopted in the study. Normalized axial forces, normalized bending moment and normalized lateral displacement of pilesthroughout its length have been studied. In the case of rigidly connected piles of piled raft, the maximum positive moment of thepiles was reached near the top and the maximum negative moment was found at the middle one-third section of the pile depth. Thebending moment at the top was zero in case of hinged connected piles of piled raft and the highest positive moment was reached atone-third portion of pile depth from the top. Furthermore, at the bottom end of the pile it decreased to about zero. The influence ofincrement of horizontal load on vertically loaded piled raft has been examined too. With an increase in horizontal load from 6%to 12% of applied vertical load, the piled raft with rigid connected piles displaced 8 percent -20 percent lower than the piled raftwith hinged connected piles at a constant value of relative raft rigidity.

part 3 conference co-chairman 2: dr. normah abdul latip 6 part 4...

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