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PART 4: PART 4: IMPLEMENTATION & OPERATIONIMPLEMENTATION & OPERATION

� 4.6 Basic Industrial First Aid

Learning Objectives

� To define what is first

aid.

� To state the purpose of

first aid at workplace.

� To explain the

requirement under the

first aid guideline by

DOSH.

� To explain three levels

� To demonstrate the

basic method of

industrial first aid such

as CPR and chocking

case.

� To explain three levels

of first aid training.

� To describe the three

principles of first aid.

First aid is "the immediate and temporary care of the victim of an accident, with the aim of preventing or reducing an acute threat to the life or health of the victim".

What Is First-Aid

� International Labour Organisation

� Preserve life

� Stop the condition becoming worse

� Protect the unconscious

� Promote recovery

The Aims of First-Aid are to:

� Relieve pain and suffering

� Compliance with Factory and Machinery (Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations 1970 (Reg. 38) and OSHA 1994 (Section 15(1)

A person who:

� Requires immediate attention

� Whose injury would not need treatment by a medical practitioner or nurse

� Minor injuries who would otherwise receive no treatment

Who Needs First-Aid

� Minor injuries who would otherwise receive no treatment

Note:

All injuries however minor should be treated, otherwise it might lead to infections leading to lost time illnesses.

� Get help immediately. Speed is essential. Minutes can save lives

� First-Aider assess situation without endangering self

First Aid Response

� First-Aider assess situation without endangering self

� Identify injury or injuries

� In cases of multiple casualties prioritise treatment

� Keep records of treatments

First Aid Response

IDENTIFICATION

� What kind of injuries or diseases anticipated

Principles of First Aid

ASSESSMENT

� The type of work being carried out and its level of hazard

Principles of First Aid

� Work away from the employer's premises.

� Consequences

� Availability of other places of treatment (are there hospitals nearby?)

CONTROL

� Provision of first aid facilities and services

Principles of First Aid

� The duties of first aiders should be analysed as part of the hazard management process

� Identify hazards from

� Manual handling

First Aid Worker Exposure

� Manual handling

� Infection control

� Planning is important for high risk places of work, such as:

� Workplaces which use or manufacture hazardous substances

� Workplaces where hazardous processes may be used

Level of Preparation – Depends On Risk

� Workplaces where hazardous processes may be used (e.g.abrasive blasting);

� Construction sites;

� Where heat is used as part of any process (e.g. workingin foundries or welding and cutting); and

� Workplaces which require people to work in remote isolated areas (e.g. agricultural or transport industry).

� If has potential for mass casualties provide:� Safe place for evacuation

� Equipment e.g. stretchers, wheelchairs, etc.

� For hazardous substances and poisons� Procedures, training and PPE for handling

Level of Preparation – Depends On Risk

� Procedures, training and PPE for handling

� Antidotes in first-aid box, e.g. for cyanide and procedure for using it, if necessary� To be administered only by trained first aider

� Sturdy (strongly built), portable and readily accessible - mobile employees also to be considered

� Names of First Aiders / emergency services on or near to box

First Aid Boxes

near to box

� CPR instructions in / or near box

� Place of work injury instructions in or near to box

� Content is dependent on the type of services required

First Aid Boxes

� Headaches and colds medicine may not be included

� List content and its quantity to facilitate replenishment (renew @ refill)

� Employer is responsible. First Aider to assist replenishing contents

First Aid Boxes

replenishing contents

� There is often a difference of opinion regarding proper treatment, first aid procedures

� Should specify the type of medication, if any, to be used on minor injuries, such as cuts and burns

� In areas where chemicals are stored, handled, or used provide:

� Emergency flood showers

� Low pressure eye-wash fountains

First Aid Equipment

� Low pressure eye-wash fountains

� When more than 150 employees

� Enough to place a couch and people to move around

First Aid Room

� Identified, private, well lit (including emergency lighting), ventilated and temperature controlled

� Access for wheelchair/stretcher

� Easy access to work areas and toilets

Easy to clean

First Aid Room

� Easy to clean

� Keep near places of serious hazards

� Keep clean and ready for use at all times

Keep in cabinets that are clearly marked and properly

Stretchers

� Keep in cabinets that are clearly marked and properly located

� Protected against mechanical damage and destructive vapours or fumes, dust, etc.

� Tested periodically if made of materials that will deteriorate (become worse)

Stretchers

deteriorate (become worse)

� Location of first aid boxes/rooms

� Names, location, contact numbers of First Aiders

Training For All Employees

� First aid procedures

� Universal precautions

LEVEL I

� BASIC FIRST AID (emergency first aid procedures).

LEVEL 2

� WORKPLACE FIRST AID (Level I plus treatment of injuries and illnesses, eg heart attack, fainting).

First Aid Training

injuries and illnesses, eg heart attack, fainting).

LEVEL 3

� OCCUPATIONAL FIRST AID - (Level 2 plus broad understanding of hazards, emergency care & assessment)

� Use approved training provider

� First-aid is for preserving life and preventing conditions of accident victims from worsening

� Assess hazards in the workplace before first-aid services and programmes are identified

Summary

services and programmes are identified

� First-aid programme consists of:

� Identification of First Aiders and training of employees

� Provision of first-aid boxes

First-aid room, stretchers, showers and eyewash if necessary

Summary

� First-aid room, stretchers, showers and eyewash if necessary