All of the ELA that You Will Need to Know to

EXCEED STANDARDS

on the CRCT Part 5 - Sentences

Spiral Notebook Required

A SENTENCE MUST HAVE…

Subject

Predicate

Complete Thought

Basic Sentence Parts

Simple Subject Simple

Predicate

Subjects in Unusual

Order

Complete Predicate

SIMPLE SUBJECT Resource: GFW workbook, page 4

The simple subject is the main word or words that the

sentence is about. Words that describe the subject

are not a part of the simple subject.

If a proper name is used as the subject, all parts of

the name make up the simple subject.

Dr. Joe Johnson was mad at me.

Flying insects all over the world are fascinating.

SIMPLE PREDICATE • The simple predicate, or verb, is the main word or

words in the complete predicate.

• Action Verbs tell what the subject does, even when

the action cannot be seen.

• Linking Verbs tell what the subject “is”

• EXAMPLES: Children around the world love folktales

SUBJECTS IN UNUSUAL ORDER

In most sentences, the subject comes before the verb.

This is called NATURAL ORDER.

The book flew across the room.

In some sentences, subjects may come after the verb,

between the verb phrase, or not appear at all.

SUBJECTS IN UNUSUAL ORDER

In an order or command, (imperative sentence) the subject is usually “you.” The subject is NOT in the sentence and we say it “understood.”

Example: Study the your notes for the test carefully.

Sentences that begin with a prepositional phrase (called an inverted sentence) the subject comes after the verb.

Example: Into the car, climbed the boy.

SUBJECTS IN UNUSUAL ORDER

Sentence that begins with HERE or THERE There are the boundaries of the farm.

NATURAL ORDER: The boundaries of the farm are

there.

In most questions, (interrogative sentences) the subject

comes after the verb or between parts of the verb

phrase.

Are you excited?

Have you been to the city?

Fragments & Run-On

• A part of a sentence written as if it were a sentence

• missing a subject, predicate or complete thought

Fragment

• Two or more sentences written as if they were a single sentence.

• When you combine two sentences with a conjunctions, use a comma before the conjunction.

Run-On

Phrase VS. Clause

• a group of words that is a fragment.

• It cannot stand alone as a sentence.

• i.e. Prepositional phrase: in the wind

• i.e. Infinitive phrase: to run

Phrase

• A clause (independent) can stand alone as a sentence but not always (dependent).

• It always has a subject and predicate.

Clause

Two Types of Clauses

Independent Clause

Dependent Clause

Independent Clause

Expresses a complete thought

Can stand alone as a sentence

It is also called a main clause

Dependent (Subordinate) Clause

Cannot stand alone as a sentence

Does not express a complete thought

It is a fragment.

Often begins with a subordinating conjunction: (i.e because, although, when, before, so, that, while, unless)

Can be joined to an independent clause to make a complete sentence

FOUR TYPES OF SENTENCES

Simple Compound

Complex Compound-

Complex

Simple Sentence One independent clause and NO dependent

clauses.

A simple sentence may have compound subject or compound predicate.

It has nothing to do with the length of the sentence.

1. Bob went to the store. 2. Bob and Sue went to the store. 3. Bob and Sue went to the store on the corner near the

center of town to buy groceries and to get some drinks for the party.

4. Bob went to the store and went to the post office.

Compound Sentence have two or more independent clauses joined

with a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) or by a semi-colon.

The clauses must be close in thought.

They chose Maxine’s essay as the winner, but the judges said the final choice was hard.

We can go to the party, or we can go to the dance.

Morgan & Ed disagree on some essays; however, they agreed on the quality of Angelica’s writing.

Complex Sentence

• an independent clause & one

or more dependent clauses.

When I was eight, my family visited Yosemite.

Compound-Complex Sentence

Has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

For years, nobody had entered the old house, but everyone knew the story that the house was haunted.