part i-iii

8/10/2019 part I-III

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/part-i-iii 1/47

Architectural Thesis 9, 10, 11 Architect Junar Pakingan Tablan, uap

Proposed Sustainable General Eco-HospitalArchitecture that can contribute to the healing

process

A Thesis Presented to theSchool o! Architecture, "ndustrial #esign $ the %uilt En&iron'ent

(apua "nstitute o! Technolog)

"n Partial *ul+ll'ent o! the euire'ents in Architectural #esign 11. A/00. A/00S!or the #egree o! %AHE2 2* S"E3E "3 AH"TET4E

Presented b)

Lansang, Princess Joy G./0111/5109

Architect Junar Pakingan Tablan, uap, MSAEAd&iser

#ece'ber /016




Approval Sheet

This is to certi!) that " ha&e super&ised and read the preparation o! the thesisentitled Proposed Sustainable General Eco!ospital" Architecture that cancontribute to the healing process prepared b) Lansang, Princess Joy G. and

that the said thesis has been reco''ended !or acceptance and appro&al !or oralde!ense b) the Thesis E&aluation o''ittee7

88888888888888888888888888888 Architect Junar Pakingan Tablan, uap

Ad&iser

As 'e'bers o! the Thesis E&aluation o''ittee, e certi!) that e ha&e

re&ieed and e:a'ined this thesis ith the grade o! 8888888888 and hereb)reco''end that it be accepted as partial !ul+ll'ent o! the reuire'ents inArchitectural #esign 11 ; A/00. /S. A/00. /* !or the degree o! %achelor o! Sciencein Architecture7

8888888888888888888888888 8888888888888888888888888

3a'e 3a'ePanel (e'ber 1 Panel (e'ber /

8888888888888888888888888 3a'e

o''ittee hair

This thesis is hereb) appro&ed and accepted b) the School o! Architecture,"ndustrial #esign and the %uilt En&iron'ent in partial !ul+ll'ent o! the reuire'ents!or the degree o! %achelor o! Science in Architecture7

8888888888888888888888888 Arch. Gloria #. Teodoro, $uap, piep

#eanSchool o! Architecture, "ndustrial #esign and the %uilt En&iron'ent




A#ST%A&T

The proposed Energ) E<cient Eco-Hospital Architecture that can contribute to

the healing process is an en&isioned sustainable Hospital that includes and integrates

green building strategies and techniues !or its design, 'aintenance and

construction, "ncluding and connecting nature and art to the design o! the hospital

that can help a lot to the reco&er) o! the patients7 Pro'oting green architecture and

art, the pro=ect intends to ser&e as the ideal 'odel on ho to conceptuali>e, design

and plan a sustainable hospital ith its on architecture that can help to the healing

process7

?ith sustainable design principles and techniues that ere used and

integrated in the pro=ect, it ai's to be the best and start o! a ne hospital design in

the architecture industr)7 "t ai's to in@uence not onl) ho the !uture general hospital

pro=ects, but also to in@uence and inspire the design and construction co''unit) to

appl) this concept7 This green de&elop'ent shos ho a general hospital can be

sustainable despite its /6hours orking ti'e ith proper conceptuali>ation and

anal)sis7

The pro=ect ai's to !ull) connect the proposed structure to the natural

en&iron'ent, connecting 'an-'ade structures to the nature7 The design and

planning is greatl) aected b) the e:isting natural !eatures o! the pro=ect site7

*olloing the natural en&iron'ent b) ad=usting the design o! the proposed pro=ect7

There is the call !or all the architects to co'e up ith designs that consider

and include en&iron'ental to 'ake it an en&iron'ental !riendl) and sustainable

structure, pro=ects that ha&e 'ini'al negati&e i'pacts to the natural en&iron'ent

and resources to lessen the carbon e'ission o! the structures7

The proposed general hospital is a le&el / sustainable hospital that is greatl)

concerned on the co'!ort o! the all the users and 'ore i'portantl) to connect nature

and art to the structure that ill help the patients reco&er) and to ha&e a co'!ortable

and good a'bience o! the hospital, the design is also concerned in lessening the

energ) consu'ption o! the structure and 'ake it sustainable7




A#'(T T!E A(T!'%

Princess Jo) G7 ansang is a *ourth )ear student hoBs taking up Architecture

in (apua "nstitute o! Technolog)7 She en=o)s 'ostl) to design 'odern residential

pro=ects and also speciali>es in the design o! lots o! other pro=ect t)pes and st)les7

She donBt take hersel! too seriousl) but she ha&e a great deal o! pride and a teen)

tin) co'petiti&e streak7 She actuall) take hat she do seriousl) but she tr) to +nd a

a) to ha&e !un hile sheBs doing it7 She is !airl) acti&e in 4nited Architects o! the

Philippines Student Au:iliar) or 4APSA7

C"t 'ust be inno&ati&e, e look to the past !or inspiration and e look at its

'istakes, but e 'ust look !orard to keep ith toda)Bs societ)7 "t 'ust be artistic7

?e need to be inspired and 'o&ed in order !or us to !ashion ne ideas and drea's7 "t

'ust be !un7 ?e 'a) act as adults, but e )earn to be children again7D

*or her Architecture 'ust enco'pass these ideals in order to be good

Architecture7 She do not look to a speci+c st)le in Architecture !or inspiration rather

she use inno&ation, art, and !un to guide her to sculpt Architecture7 Architecture is

so'ething that e e:perience e&er) da), regardless i! )ou like it or not7 "t is

so'ething that 'ust be sculpted, it cannot be designed it should take in all that

nature gi&es to it light, rain, ind, and dirt7

Architecture is a part o! her soul and her passion7 She !eel that Architecture is

not =ust so'ething !or us to spend so'e ti'e in, but rather Architecture is so'ething

that can change ho e !eel, act, think, and lo&e7 As an Architect, ansang !eel that

she ha&e the chance to open peopleBs e)es to so'ething that could e:press and ha&e

'eaning and at ti'es could e&en change ones a) o! li!e7




A&)*'+LEGEME*T

*irst and !ore'ost, " a' grate!ul to The Al'ight) God !or guiding, helping and

gi&ing 'e isdo' to co'plete this thesis7

" ould also like to thank ') parents, !or all the kind o! support the) ha&e

gi&en 'e and

hose sel@ess ti'e and care ere so'eti'es all that kept 'e going and supporting

'e spirituall) throughout ') li!e7

" ish to e:press ') sincere gratitude to Arch7 Junar P7 Tablan, ') thesis

ad&iser, ho read ') nu'erous re&isions and helped 'e 'ake so'e sense o! the

con!usion and 'ade it possible to success!ull) +nish and co'e up ith the right

design7

Also to ') !riends and !ello class'ates !or gi&ing 'e ad&ice and opinions in

') research stud)7




TA#LE '- &'*TE*TS

Part " The Proble/ and 0ts #ackgroundhapter 171 General 2&er&ie

17171 "ntroduction1717/ %ackground o! the Stud)

17175 State'ent o! the Proble' 17176 Pro=ect Goals, 2b=ecti&es and Strategies 1717F Signi+cance o! the Stud) 1717 Scope and i'itation 1717 Assu'ptions 1717I onceptua*ra'eork 17179 #e+nitions o! Ter's

171710 Acron)'shapter "7/ e&ie o! elated iterature and Studies 17/71 elated iterature 17/7/ elated Studies. Pro=ects

17/7/ ocal Pro=ects17/7/71 St7ukeBs Hospital17/7/7/ 4STH

17/75 *oreign17/7571 SedishBs "ssauah Highands Hospital17/757/ liniku' lagen!urt Hospiatal

hapter "75 esearch (ethodolog) 17571 esearch (ethod 4sed 1757/ esearch "nstru'ents

17575 esearch ocale 17576 Population 4ni&erse 1757F Sa'pling Procedure

hapter "76 Su''ar) o! *indings and Anal)sis 17671 Presentation o! ollected #ata 1767/ 3eed Anal)sis 17675 onclusion and eco''endations

&hapter 1" %esearch -ocus /71 ationale /7/ Principles and ele&ance to the Pro=ect /75 Application to the Pro=ect

&hapter 2" Site 0denti3cation and Analysishapter 571 Site Selection Process

57171 riteria !or Site Selection 5717/ Site 2ption #escription 57175 Site Selection and Justi+cation

hapter 57/ Site E&aluation and Anal)sis 57/71 li'ate #ata 57/7/ #e'ographics 57/75 Ha>ard #ata 57/76 Geoph)sical disaster, cli'ate disaster, risk o! t)phoons, earthuake-

induced shallo landslides and tsuna'is 57/7F The (acro Setting 57/7 The (icro Setting 57/7 elated as and 2rdinance

hapter 575 #e&elop'ent 2ptions 57571 Site Anal)sis 5757/ Proposed Site #e&elop'ent Plan




Part . " The Proble/ and 0ts #ackground

.. 0*T%'(&T0'*

Public health proble's are no longer =ust local, national or regional7 Public

health proble's are groing concern orldide7 Public health threats are aected b)

the relationship beteen people and biological nature o! our natural en&iron'ent7

?eather and cli'ate ha&e aected hu'an health !or 'illennia7 Population groth,

technolog) and cli'ate change also aect and increase the di<culties related ith

sustaining eecti&e public health per!or'ance and policies7 En&iron'ental threats

aects public health, the orld reuires knoledge and kno ho to +nd a ne

solutions !or sustaining the in!rastructure o! public health7 4nderstanding

en&iron'ent is a reuire'ent to protecting public health7As the population increases the nu'ber o! hospital patients also increases7

The 'ore people in the s)ste' 'eans 'ore de'and !or ser&ices that nu'erous

health care s)ste's are unable to acco''odate due to patient locations and

in!rastructure li'itations7

?hen it co'es to the in!rastructure o! hospitals the proble' is that it si'pl)

not able to cope ith toda)Bs en&iron'ental issues and health issues7 Hospitals ha&e

a proble' ith the structure, Their inco'patibilit) ith present needs ranges !ro'

dierent design proble's, a little &alue is attached to the architectural ualit) o! the

hospital to a'enities such as natural light, &ies, a) +nding de&ices and public

spaces7 Hospitals are ideall) constructed to deli&er the present. !uture reuire'ents

o! healthcare but 'ost o! our hospital are not read) !or the present and !uture

de'ands7 The co'!ortableness in the hospitals also !ades because o! the design o!

the structure, poor lighting, poor &entilation and boring interiors7 Hospital canBt also

acco''odate all the patients, it is caused b) the !ast groing population7 The co'bination o! en&iron'ent, art, health and architecture is a natural step

!orard7 Stud)ing the relation o! en&iron'ent and art to hu'an health shos that

en&iron'ent and art can possibl) aect to the healing process o! patients7 "ncluding

en&iron'ent and art in the architecture o! a hospital ill surel) aect the patients in

their reco&er)7 %alancing the architecture beteen the needs o! (an and 3ature,




hich each should be gi&en eual eighting ill help the patients reco&er) and it can

also lessen its contribution to cli'ate change7 A sustainable general hospital that is

connected to nature and art that gi&es a positi&e healing eects ill 'ake a

dierence7

..1 #A&)G%'(* '- T!E ST(4

Hospitals pla) an essential role in the hole orld7 Hospitals are health care

institutions that ha&e related ser&ices /6 hours per da) and da)s per eek7 "t

pro&ides patient treat'ent ith speciali>ed sta and euip'ent7 The best-knon

t)pe o! hospital is the general hospital, hich has an e'ergenc) depart'ent7

Hospitals ser&e as the core o! health care deli&er) in the Philippines7 "t oer

high-ualit) 'edical care7 Hoe&er, e&en the best hospitals 'a) not 'eet the

standards o! 'edical care, sanitation, co'!ort and in!rastructure design o! hospitals

in other countries7 Hospitals in the Philippines are one o! the structure o! )esterda)

that si'pl) not able to deli&er toda)Bs clinical ser&ices and these buildings are not

designed !or sustainabilit)7 2ne e:a'ple is the PGH, it is the largest go&ern'ental

general hospital in the Philippines.

..2 STATEME*T '- T!E P%'#LEMS

The primary purpose of this study is to determine the possible ways to innovate a general

hospital. It focuses on how the design of the infrastructure of a hospital affects the patients, in

what solution or approach will patients be comfortable while staying in the hospital and how can

the architecture of hospital will help in the healing process. Considering the lighting and energy

consumption in the hospital, finding a solution on how to lessen the energy consumption.In this study, it will attempt to answer the following questions:

1. What are the most common problem in the infrastructure of a hospital!. What are the improvements and innovations that can be applied to the design of a

hospital". #ow can nature and art affect the healing process$. #ow can nature and art improve the hospital%. #ow can this hospital be sustainable

..5 P%'JE&T G'ALS, '#JE&T06ES A* ST%ATEG0ES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_department

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_department




The goal o! this stud) is to create and i'pro&e a hospital structure !or the

bene+ts and co'!orts o! all the users, not =ust the patients but also the e'plo)ees

and &isitors7 "t also stri&e to create a better and i'pro&ed !acilities and introduce

inno&ations to ha&e a ne and inno&ated sustainable general hospital and to enhance

the e:perience o! the users7 To de&elop a nature-inspired hospital7

• 2%JET"KE 1

To i'pro&ed and introduced ne spaces that are needed7

The ob=ecti&e can be achie&ed ith the use o! the !olloing strategies

o Gather in!or'ation !ro' reliable sources Lpatients, &isitors, doctors,

nurses, hospital e'plo)eesM

o To stud) the spaces o! the e:isting buildings and current condition o!

hospitals7

o "ntegrate ne and i'pro&ed spaces !or i'pro&ed e:perience in the

structure7

• 2%JET"KE /

To create a patient !ocused, patient centered architecture7


o b) oering an at'osphere o! sa!et), securit), cleanliness and

ph)sical co'!ort7

o "ntroducing a hotel like design, including art ork in the design that

lessens the stress o! the patients7

• 2%JET"KE 5

To ha&e an architecture that can help to the healing process7


o To stud) about the eects o! nature and artork to patient e:periences7

o to co'e up ith a good design !or a hospital, that 'akes the patient

co'!ortable and please7

o Attention to the proportion, color, scale and details

o Ho'elike and inti'ate scale in patient roo's, da) roo's, consultation

roo's and o<ces

http://sensingarchitecture.com/2009/01/09/architecture-nature-and-occupant-stress/

http://sensingarchitecture.com/2009/01/09/architecture-nature-and-occupant-stress/




structure in ter's o! space, !unctionalit), sustainabilit), and circulation7 This is onl)

li'ited to architectural design7

..9 ASS(MPT0'*S

This stud) is conducted based on the data gathering !ro' reliable sources and

inter&ie !ro' dierent pro!essionals that are related to the stud)7 3atural

2bser&ations in the hospital !or case studies ere presented accuratel)7 The gathered

data !ro' reliable sources are the !acts that ill support that @o o! the stud) o! the

general hospital7 This stud) guarantees a !air collection o! data due to the sincerit)

!or this research7

..: &'*&EPT(AL -%AME+'%)

17M Sustainable #esign Theor) ; 'ini'i>e carbon !ootprints using dierent strategies7

A building Cthat 'eets the needs o! conte'porar) societ) ithout den)ing !uture

generations o! the abilit) to 'eet their needsD/7M Green Theor) ; To cool don the heat e'ission o! the buildings7 "ncluding

&egetation to the design o! architecture757M KET"A *A("3G THE2N- esponding to global cli'ate change and continued

population groth, pro&ides solution !or groing local and aordable !ood7

Alternati&e and e<cient 'ethods o! !ar'ing ill be essentian67M o'ple: s)ste's - present proble's both in 'athe'atical

'odelling and philosophical !oundations7 The stud) o! co'ple: s)ste's

represents a ne approach to science that in&estigates ho relationships beteen

parts gi&e rise to the collecti&e beha&iors o! a s)ste' and ho the s)ste'

interacts and !or's relationships ith its en&iron'ent7

..; E-0*0T0'* '- TE%MS

S(STA0*A#LE ; to be used ithout being co'pletel) used up or destro)ed, to last or

continue !or a long ti'e7

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_model


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy




GE*E%AL !'SP0TAL -

hospital not speciali>ing in the treat'ent o! particular illnesses or o! patients

o! a particular se: or age group7P(#L0& !EALT!

-health ser&ices to i'pro&e and protect co''unit) health, especiall) sanitation,i''uni>ation, and pre&enti&e 'edicine7&L0MATE &!A*GE- a long ter'

hange in the earthOs cli'ate, especiall) a change due to

an increase in the a&erage at'ospheric te'perature

..< A&%'*4MS

*#& ; 3ational %uilding ode

'! ; #epart'ent o! Health

0&( ; "ntensi&e are 4nit

E% ; E'ergenc) oo'

&hapter 0.1 %E60E+ '- %ELATE L0TE%AT(%ES

#ackgroundHospitals are, as e&er, under increasing pressure to pro&ide high-le&el patient

care ith 'ini'al !unding7 Higher patient de'and !or treat'ent and surgical

procedures, coupled ith increased pressure to 'easure the ser&ices pro&ided, are




so'e o! the ke) issues dri&ing the need !or hospitals to re-engineer the logistic

processes to raise ser&ice ualit) and sa&e costs7

.1. %ELATE L0TE%AT(%EHospital poses 'an) challenges to those undertaking re!or' o! health care

s)ste's7 The) are uite literall), i''o&able structures hose design as set in

concrete, usuall) 'an) )ears pre&iousl)7 Their inco'patibilit) ith present needs

ranges !ro' 'a=or design proble's such as scarcit) o! operating roo's, to 'ore

'inor proble's such as the lack o! poer sockets !or the e&er e:panding nu'ber o!

electronic 'onitors7 ThereBs a enor'ous social changes that i'pacted on health and health care7 The

rapid groth o! cit) population pro&ided opportunities !or trans'ission o! in!ection,

unsa!e !actories increased in=uries, death rates rose rapidl) and social supports

cru'bled ith increasing population 'obilit)7 LThe role o! the hospital in a changing

en&iron'ent %N (artin (cee1 $ Judith Heal)/M

The 47S7 health care apparatus is so unprepared and short on resources to

deal ith the deadl) Ebola &irus that e&en s'all clusters o! cases could o&erhel'

parts o! the s)ste', according to an Associated Press re&ie o! readiness at hospitals

and other co'ponents o! the e'ergenc) 'edical netork7 E:perts broadl) agree that

a idespread outbreak across the countr) is e:tre'el) unlikel), but the) also concur

that it is i'possible to predict ith certaint), since pre&ious Ebola epide'ics ha&e

been con+ned to re'ote areas o! A!rica7 And Ebola is not the onl) possible danger

that causes concern e:perts sa) other deadl) in!ectious diseases ranging !ro'

airborne &iruses such as SAS, to an un!oreseen ne strain o! the @u, to 'ore e:otic

plagues like assa !e&er could crash the health care s)ste'7 LAP "(PAT "! Ebola

batters 4S, e are not read) %) JE** #233 and GAA3E %4EM

A'erican architect (ichael Gra&es has little patience !or bad design7 He also

dislikes the ugl) things he sees in hospitals7 ?hen he sta)ed at a rehabilitation center

reco&ering !ro' a rare, li!e-threatening in!ection, Gra&es e)ed the 'agenta-and-

green @oral sheets on his bed and he +nd it too ugl)7 "t got orse as he sta)ed at

eight dierent hospitals and three rehabilitation centers ad=usting to li!e in a




heelchair7 Throughout his reco&er), Gra&es beca'e !rustrated ith his hospitals and

!acilities7 At a rehabilitation center, there are lot o! proble's he !ound hen it co'es

to the accessibilit) o! the patients based !ro' his on e:perience in the rehabilitation

center7 All the 'one) had been spent on the public spaces, he said7 The public

spaces ere glorious7 " got to the patient roo', these ere the s'allest patient

roo's e&er knon to 'an7

Gra&esO interest in architecture no e:tends to building better hospitals, !acilities and

ho'e care en&iron'ents7 LGra&es ?h) hospital roo's donOt ork %) (adison Park,

33 #ece'ber 1F, /011M

.1.1 %ELATE ST(0ES=P%'JE&TS.1.1. L'&ALST. Lukes !ospital

St7 ukeOs (edical enter has pro&ided high-ualit) healthcare !or o&er a

centur)7 "t as !ounded in 1905 ith a 'ission to pro&ide outstanding out-patient

care7 "t is the !ore'ost and 'ost ad'ired hospital in the Philippines and an

acknoledged leader in Asia7 The F0-bed hospital is ho'e to ten L10M "nstitutes,

eight LIM #epart'ents, and tent)-three L/5M enters7 2&er 1,00 hospital-a<liated

'edical consultants see out-patients in 'ore than 6F0 pri&ate clinics7St7 ukeBs oers a hotel like hospital that 'akes the patients co'!ortable and to

re'o&e the sense o! sickness7 The hospital is not =ust concern ith the patients but

also to &isitors, doctors and e'plo)ees7 The 'ain hospital ad=usted its building to

a&oid the noise o! the 'a=or road7 The alka) going to the hospital ha&e

landscaping7 At the entrance o! the lobb), thereBs a aiting area !or the users i! the)




4ni&ersit) o! Santo To'as Hospital L4STHM currentl) 'aintains 60 dedicated

beds !or charit) or clinical patients7 These are +nanciall) sustained b) =ust 5F/ pri&ate

patient beds, o! hich the resulting re&enues support and deli'it the e:tent o!

charit) to the sick and poor in the clinical or charit) beds7 ?hen it co'es to the 'ain

hospital, there are lot proble's e:posed7 "tBs not ele&ated, @ooding is ala)s a

proble' !or the'7 ighting is also a proble', it doesnBt use natural lighting7 The

hospital a'bience is not good, the !eeling o! sa!eness as gone because o! the

creep) dark halla)s7 The ne 'edical arts building o! the hospital sa&es energ)

because o! the natural lighting in the halla)s, so'e halla)s are in the outer side o!

the building7 4STH is adding additional &egetation to its structure and itBs a good

thing, it 'akes the place cooler and greener7 4ST is de&eloping their structure !or the

better, the ne proposed hospital in the 4STH uses li&ing alls in its building corners

and uses green roo+ng7




.1.1.1 -'%E0G*

S>edish?s 0ssa@uah !ighlands hospital

The Sedish planned the ca'pus, energ) e<cienc) e'erged as a !ocus7 The

idea to 'ini'i>e the i'pact on the en&iron'ent ca'e earl) as the 101-)ear-old

hospital s)ste' started en&isioning the highlands hospital7 The process reuired a

balancing act beteen creature co'!orts and energ) e<cienc)7 Hospital planners

ad=usted 'a=or ele'ents based on speci+c energ)-use targets7 The +gure is not +r'

)et, but the hospital could recei&e beteen Q/ 'illion and Q6 'illion in grants and

rebates !ro' Puget Sound Energ) !or energ) e<cienc) steps7

*irst, the building start to conser&e energ) b) using a good building en&elope7 The

building used lots o! insulation and good indos, in doing that, it takes less energ)

to heat it in the inter and it takes less energ) to cool it in the su''er7 The building

applied an abundant natural light and a ,000-suare-!oot landscaped roo!top deck,

patients, e'plo)ees and guests 'ight not notice 'an) o! the eco-conscious

@ourishes7 The push !or e<cienc) starts at ho the building sits on the 1/7F-acre site7

The hospital is oriented to recei&e !ull sun on three sides, and includes a da)light

base'ent7 The design !eatures super-energ)-e<cient indos7 res rec)cled 95

percent o! building 'aterials during construction7 The 'edical o<ce building-!eatures

a h)dronic heating s)ste', rather than electric radiant heat7 The h)dronic s)ste'

sends heated ater !ro' a boiler through tubes beneath the @oor7 The hospital

includes high-e<cienc) chillers to capture e:cess heat to help ar' the buildings

and ater7 The ductork in the !acilit) is ider to reduce !riction as air 'o&es through

the !acilit)7 So'e lighting operates on 'otion or occupanc) sensors to !urther reduce

energ) use7 Sedish targeted a 10-)ear pa)back !or energ) e<cienc) 'easures7 The

hospital is on track to 'eet the goal and, in the

'eanti'e, ser&e as a shocase !or a CgreenD health

care !acilit)7

http://www.issaquahpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/swedish-eco-hospital-20110600d.jpg

http://www.issaquahpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/swedish-eco-hospital-20110600a.jpg




)liniku/ )lagen$urt

liniku' lagen!urt, AustriaOs third largest hospital, is no the +rst building in

the countr) to be certi+ed as an E4 Green %uilding7 An abundance o! natural

da)lighting, integrated gardens, and a co'prehensi&e energ) e<cienc) strateg) set

the hospital apart !ro' the rest o! the pack7 The ne hospital sa&es an a'ount o!

energ) eui&alent to the production capacit) o! to h)droelectric plants7 The pro=ect

as also recentl) the recipient o! one o! the 'ost i'portant architectural aards in

Austria - Austrian lientBs Aard /0117 oncei&ed as a Opark hotelO, it as laid out to

pro&ide a 'ore hospitable character and as surrounded b) green space ith 'an)

garden court)ards interspersed throughout7 The hospital is organi>ed around a

central surger) spine ith 'ultiple patient ings shooting out !ro' the center and

into the park7 These +ngers allo a'ple da)light to +lter into all o! the roo's and

each 'a) en=o) &ies into the court)ards or the park, hich is graduall) groing into

the gentle riparian 'eado landscape7 The hospital as laid out to pro&ide a 'ore

hospitable character and as surrounded b) green space ith 'an) garden

court)ards interspersed throughout7 The hospital is organi>ed around a central

surger) spine ith 'ultiple patient ings shooting out !ro' the center and into the

park7 These +ngers allo a'ple da)light to +lter into all o! the roo's and each 'a)

en=o) &ies into the court)ards or the park, hich gros graduall) into the gentle

riparian 'eado landscape7 Hospitals are usuall) &er) high in energ) de'and, but

the both the heating and cooling de'and as noticeabl) decreased a'ounting to a

total sa&ings o! 6 gigaatt hours o! electricit) e&er) )ear si'ilar to reducing the

energ) production !ro' to h)droelectric plants7 o'pleted in /010, liniku'

lagen!urt also recei&ed the arinthian Architecture Pri>e in /0107

http://www.klinikum-klagenfurt.at/

http://www.eu-greenbuilding.org/

http://www.klinikum-klagenfurt.at/

http://www.eu-greenbuilding.org/




&hapter 0.2 %esearch Methodology

.2. %ESEA%&! MET!' (SE

This research used descripti&e 'ethod and !ocused on current proble's and

issues o! the hospital !acilit) in order to support and strengthen the stud)7 This

descripti&e 'ethod in&ol&es case stud), inter&ie, group discussion, sur&e) and

research o! !acts7 ase stud) as conducted b) &isiting, obser&ing and in&estigating

e:isting hospital and in&ol&ed so'e inter&ie and uestioning hile looking around7

Group discussion is done ith reliable sources like residential doctors7 The

respondents are the users o! the structure, ansers and suggestions o! the

respondents ill be help!ul in this stud)7 Gathering in!or'ation !ro' reliable sources7

Article re&ies ; readings on nespaper articles, architectural

'aga>ines, =ournals, and other architectural publications about green

architecture and General Hospital pro=ects7 This ould !urther

!a'iliari>e the researcher about the pro=ect7

.2.1 %esearch 0nstru/ents

The researcher used obser&ation techniue, conducted inter&ie, sur&e) and group

discussion7 2bser&ation techniue b) obser&ing and in&estigating the hospital !acilit)7

%) obser&ing the hospital !acilit), the researcher sa the current proble' and issues

o! the hospital7 %) conducting inter&ie, sur&e) and group discussion, the researcher

got 'ore ideas and suggestion about the current proble' and issues o! the hospital

stud)7 %) ibrar) Techniue, in!or'ation gathering and anal)sis o! General Hospital

and sustainable.Green #esign ill be per!or'ed b) the researcher7 Applicable

concepts, 'ethods, techniues and principles ill then be used in the design o! the




pro=ect7 Through article re&ies, readings on nespaper articles, architectural

'aga>ines, =ournals, and other architectural publications about green architecture

and General Hospital pro=ects7 This ould !urther !a'iliari>e the researcher about the

pro=ect7

.2.2 %esearch Locale

The researcher ill obser&e the 4#( hospital in Rue>on it), Philippines7

This stud) is a tour and alk-obser&ation to the !acilit) o! 4#(7 #eter'ining,

identi!)ing and con+r'ing the proble'atic areas o! the !acilit), the stud) co'poses

o! inter&ies, and docu'entation !ro' reliable source in identi!)ing the needs in the

!acilit)7

%uilt and established in 19F, the 11-store) 4nited #octors (edical enter

L4#(M houses a /F0-bed hospital7 4#( pioneered technological ad&ance'ent in

the +eld o! ultrasonograph) and oered ultrasound ser&ices at &er) aordable prices7

"t installed the TScan 'achine in (etro (anila and acuired ireless "4 'onitors,




and 19 he'odial)sis 'achines7 Endoed ith a deep sense o! co''it'ent to public

interest, 4#(Bs stockholders ant to set the tone !or corporate social responsibilit)7

?hen it co'es to the in!rastructure o! 4#(, the !eeling o! co'!ortabilit) as

gone7 "t is old and there are lot proble's in the structure like lighting s)ste',

&entilation and ater leaks7 The ceiling is !ull o! cracks and it is noticeable that it

reall) needs to be +:7 The halla)s are creep) because o! the plainness and poor

lighting s)ste'7 The ground @oor is air conditioned hile the entrance door o! the

ground @oor is idel) open7 ?hen it co'es to spaces, the base'ent includes the

dietar) and the 'orgue7 2perating roo's are in the second @oor7 abor roo' is in the

second @oor and the nurser) roo' is in the 5 rd @oor, the doctors said that the) still

need to get the bab) !ro' second @oor to 5 rd @oor to deli&er it in the nurser) roo',

the proble' is that the) donBt ha&e an pri&ate ele&ator !or this, there are onl) /

ele&ators and its !or both public use7 ?hen it co'es to e'ergenc) roo', it is uite

s'all, the) cant acco''odate all the patients co'ing at the sa'e ti'e7

The 'ain proble' is its in!rastructure, it no longer ser&es its 'ain purpose

properl), )es the) can still use it but the !eeling o! co'!ortableness, sa!et) and

cleanliness as gone7 The structure is also not read) !or the groing population o!

the patients7

0.2.5 Population (niverse

The researcher conducted an inter&ie and group discussion ith the doctors

at the 4#( and sur&e)s ith the patients and nurses7 The researcher also

conducted so'e inter&ies !ro' the co''unit) o! the chosen site Angat, %ulacan7

0.2.7 Sa/pling Procedure

The researcher used probabilit) sa'pling selecting respondents based on the

knoledge o! the group o! people co'pro'ising the population and rando'

sa'pling, selecting rando' users o! the structure7 "nter&ieing and conducting a

group discussion ith knoledgeable people about this stud)7

"nter&ie.sur&e)




The inter&ie as done through &erbal uestioning7 The respondents ere

asked certain uestions about the stud)7 esults ill be used !or reco''endations

and design applications !or the proposal7

Group #iscussion

The Group #iscussion as done through !ace to !ace discussion ith

residential doctors7 Talked about the proble's, ideas and suggestion concerning the

hospital structure. This information will help a lot in the study.

&hapter 0.5 Su//ary o$ -indings and Analysis

.5. Presentation o$ &ollected ata

&'()* +IC)I(- 'esident +octors/

+r. *hilip 0anas +r. 'aymond +ela Cru +r. 2oshua 3im

The flow of discussion is from the most common patients, comfortableness in the wor4ing

hospital and their quarters, changes and additional spaces that they need, problems in the

infrastructure and additional ideas that may help to improve the hospital.

Common patients

There are lot of patients in the Internal 5edicines. Internal 5edicine are non6surgical

cases. *atients here are 17yo and above. These are the most common patient in all the hospital.

Emergency Room

There are % beds in the emergency room, 1 bed8department. 9ccording to +r. +ela Cru

there should be 1 beds. They can;t accommodate all the patients at the same time in the <' if lot

of patients come at the same time, sometimes they use the (*+ room for emergency cases.

Infrastructure

9ccording to the doctors, the hospital should have an ambiance li4e a hotel, because

patients does need a comfortable structure. 9ll the users need a comfortable structure and not a

boring one. Cleanliness should be maintained. The dar4 side of the #ospital should be eliminated.

When it comes to doctors and machines, they said that there;s no problem , the only problem is in

the infrastructure. The hospital infrastructure needs an innovation to ma4e the users comfortable.

Spaces




#ospitals need to save lives, for emergency cases, spaces should be fle=ible to perform

any activity that is une=pected. 9dditional paces should be added concerning the other users

li4e visitors, family of patients, doctors, nurses and employees, these users should be given

concern too in the hospital infrastructure.

Presentation of Collected Data

>or the purpose of the study, the verbal interpretation of the tables will be described as followe

W<I&#T<+ 5<9- ?<'093 I-T<'*'<T9TI(-

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.5.1 *eed Analysis

%ased on the in!or'ation gathered, the need anal)sis ca'e up to satis!) the needs o!

the users7

The needs o! the hospital are the !olloing

• 2pen spaces Lgardens.healing sanctuar)M

• ecreational roo' L kids and adults M

• Entertain'ent roo' and stud) area !or doctors

• Pla)roo' !or kids

• ?aiting area !or &isitors

• Additional outlets

• EE# lights

• Aa) >ones

• Art reco&er) progra'.creati&e art studio

.5.2 &onclusions and %eco//endations




"t is i'portant to e:a'ine the issues that e'erging in hospitals toda) to see

the current proble's7 %ased on the obser&ation, inter&ies and group discussion, lot

o! issues and needs in the hospital re&ealed7 ack o! spaces, circulation, needs o!

users, co'!ortabilit) in the !acilit) and design o! hospital7 Hospital should be sensiti&e

not =ust to the needs o! patients but also to the needs o! the sta, nurses, doctors and

&isitors including patientBs !a'il)7 ot o! hospitals doesnBt 'eet the needs o! these

users, the) !ocuses on the needs o! the patients7 "t is i'portant to e:a'ine the issues

that e'erging in hospitals toda)7 Stud)ing and anal)>ing the issues in the hospital

architecturall) shos lot o! proble's, using the de&eloping trends and &arious

strategic options a&ailable !or designing, planning and constructing hospital can help

a lot to inno&ate the structure and adapt to the en&iron'ent toda)7 Sol&ing the issues

b) adding ne spaces and 'eeting the needs o! users can 'ake the users 'ore

co'!ortable and satis+ed7 "'pro&ing the lighting, &entilation, circulation and design

o! hospital b) using dierent architectural techniues can help to a&oid the issues in

hospitals toda)7 onnecting nature to the structure can help to i'pro&e patients

reco&er) process and can lessen the stress o! patients7 4sing sustainable design and

'eet the needs o! the !uture7

Part 1. %esearch -ocus1. %ationale

?ith hospitals pla)ing a big role in the co''unit) it and in the health care s)ste'7

The) are health care institutions that deli&ers 'edical related ser&ices /6 hours per

da), da)s per eek7 Hospitals should 'eet the de'ands o! the users continuousl)7

Hospitals 'ust continue to e&ol&e in response to !actors such as changing health care

needs, population groth, changing en&iron'ent and e'erging technologies7 %)




'eeting the ne and !uture de'ands o! the hospitals that the users needed including

the inno&ation o! the hospital can help a lot to 'ake a lot !or 'ore co'!ortable

orking en&iron'ent !or the orkers and a co'!ortable en&iron'ent !or the patients

and &isitors that needs it7 A General Eco-Hospital diers !ro' toda)Bs hospital, in that

during the conceptual design and planning o! a General Eco-Hospital, protecting the

en&iron'ent and natural resources, the ell-being o! the user and patients, the

co'!ort and last but not the least in ti'es hen 'one) is short, reducing user costs

in particular are taken into consideration7 Eco-Hospital ai's to raise the bar !or

sustainabilit) in health care b) i'pro&ing ualit) o! care and achie&ing the loest

en&iron'ental i'pact !or a ne hospital and architecture7 "t is i'portant to create an

en&iron'ent conducti&e to pro&iding leading healthcare and pro'oting healing,

rather than si'pl) a Ctreat'ent and reco&er)D !actor)7 Hospitals should be a

onder!ul place7 "t should ha&e a hu'ani>ing architecture than can contribute

positi&el) to the healing process7 "n this thesis, student ha&e an opportunit) to stud)

and present her proposal !or general hospital 'eeting the ne de'ands o! the

!acilit)7

1.1 Principles and %elevance to the Proect

"n this thesis, the author ill use the principles o! Go green.sustainable design that

can lessen the en&iron'ental i'pact, hu'ani>ing architecture principle that can

possibl) contribute to the healing process, #2H and 3% las and regulation to !ollo

the right and 'ini'u' reuire'ents, principles in Achie&e'ent o! Patient entered

are, Principle o! using generic spaces to 'ake the hospital spaces @e:ible, Principles

to Support Econo'ic Kiabilit) to i'pro&e e<cienc) and reduce cost7 Principle o!

protection, separation, circulation and control to 'ake the hospital organi>e7 astl) to

'eet the current needs and sol&e the issues o! the hospitals7

1.2 Application to the Proect

?ith the use and application o! the de&eloped principles, an inno&ati&e &ision o!

general hospital ill be success!ull) established7 "'pro&ed design o! the hospital ill




'ake the patients 'ore co'!ortable and it can a&oid the ho'esickness o! the

patients hile sta)ing in the hospital7 ?ith hu'ani>ing architecture principles and

principles in achie&e'ent o! patient centered care this ill i'pro&e the patients

centeredness, patients ill ha&e ne e:perience in this hospital because its not a

boring hospital an)'ore, people ho ill co'e in the hospital ill +nd that the state

o! the art !acilities are designed to !ul+l their personal needs and help to ease stress

and it ensures patients to a ha&e a positi&e and co'!ortable e:perience hile the)

are undergoing a series o! dierent treat'ent7 ?ith the use o! the dierent

techniues and 'ethods o! green architecture.sustainable design the proposed

hospital ill lessen its en&iron'ental i'pact and it ill lessen the energ)

consu'ption o! the hospital, this ill help a lot because o! its /6. orking hours7

(aking the hospitalBs spaces @e:ible is a big ad&antage and help !or the' !or

e'ergenc) cases7 ?ith the right anal)sis, the principle o! protection, separation,

circulation and control can 'ake the hospital 'ore organi>e, lessens the stress and

'ake the users sa!er and secure7 Additional spaces like healing sanctuar) pro'otes

rapid reco&er), it oers patients the chance to en=o) nature in a tactile and 'ulti-

sensor) en&iron'ent7 ecreational roo's and art reco&er) progra'.creati&e art

studio can help to ease the stress o! the patients7 Additional space ,CAa) >onesD

areas here users can take a break and breath !resh air7

Part 2" Site 0denti3cation and Analysis

&hapter 2. Site Selection Process

2.. &riteria $or Site Selection

A list o! criteria is created as part o! the process to +nd out the ideal site

here the pro=ect ill be situated7 These criteria are i'portant to +nd a site that ill

gi&e the 'a:i'u' positi&e bene+t o! the pro=ect to the co''unit), 'ini'u'

negati&e i'pact to the co''unit), and to achie&ed the organic architecture ; a

structure that is placed here it should be, its per!ectl) +tted in the place here it

should be7




En&iron'ent A hospital and other health !acilities shall be so located that it is

readil)

accessible to the co''unit) and reasonabl) !ree !ro' undue noise, s'oke, dust, !oul

odor, @ood, and shall not be located ad=acent to railroads, !reight )ards, childrenOs

pla)grounds, airports, industrial plants, disposal plants7

2..1 Site 'ption escription

isted belo are

the list o! icensed Go&ern'ent and Pri&ate Hospitals as o! #ec7 51, /011




%ased on the data gathered !ro' the list o! Go&ern'ent and Pri&ate Hospitals,

Angat, %ulacan needs a hospital7 As o! (a) 10, /010 ?ith the population o! FF,55/

and ith the land area o! 600hectares, Angat is a big place and still donBt ha&e a

hospital !or its co''unit)7

Encircled in the 'ap is the pre!erable site !or the hospital !or easier access to all the

users7

2..2 Site Selection and Justi3cation




"TE"A.*AT2S GE3EA?E"GHT

S"TE A S"TE % S"TE

2AT"23.AEA.AESS"%" TN

10 1 1 1

23T24 2* 2T 10 6 I 9

KEGETAT"23 10

AKA"A%"TN 2* K"E? 10 10 10

32"SE 10 10 10 I

#4ST 10 9 I F

S(2E 10 I I F

*24-2#2 10 10 10 10*22# 10 10 10 10

T2TA 100 I5 :8 F

2AT"23.AEA.AESS"%""TN ; this *actor is based on the location and area o! the

lot !or the hospital considering the !uture de&elop'ent7 Also based on the presence o!

roads that deter'ines the accessibilit) o! a site and the transportation s)ste' that is

a&ailable in the site7 An ideal Hospital should be accessible !or the con&enience o! its

users7

Grading Kalues

Site A, % and got the sa'e rating7 The sites are closed to each other7

The sites has e:isting roads and is &er) accessible !or the users7

23T24 2* 2T ; Topograph) should be considered in choosing a site7 A site that

has a 'ini'al slope is 'ore pre!erable7

S"TE A ; reuires too 'uch cutting and +lling in order to achie&e a

@atted land7




S"TE % ; 'ini'al cutting and +lling in order to achie&e a @atted land7

S"TE ; a &er) little a'ount o! cutting and +lling is needed7

KEGETAT"23 - presence o! natural &egetation in a site is a !a&orable situation !or the

proposed pro=ect7 A site that has rich &egetation 'eans that the site has a health)

en&iron'ent7

S"TE A, % and got the sa'e rating7 All the sites has rich &egetation that

'eans that the site has a health) en&iron'ent7

AKA"A%"TN 2* K"E?- ith a natural and onder!ul &ie, a serene panora'a that

ill pro&ide

its users ith so'ething to look !orard and inspire their sel&es in li&ing7 A 3atural

&ie 'akes the users co'!ortable and relie&e stress7

S"TE A and % got the sa'e rating, a natural &ie can be achie&ed in the site7

Site has a industrial orking area across the site that blocks the natural &ie7

32"SE ; A hospital should be a noise !ree area !or the co'!ortableness o! the

patients7

S"TE A and % got the sa'e rating, sites are noise !ree area7 Site got the

loest rating because o! the industrial orking area across the site7

#4ST ; a hospital site should be dust !ree area in order to ha&e a health)

en&iron'ent !or the hospital7 leanliness is a 'ust in a hospital7

S"TE A- the 'ost dust !ree area because o! its high topograph)7

S"TE %- 'ini'al, because o! the industrial orking area near the site7

S"TE - not a dust !ree area because o! the industrial orking area

across the site7

S(2E ; A hospital should be located in a s'oke !ree area7 oncerning the

health o! the patients that needs a health) en&iron'ent7

S"TE A and % got the sa'e rating, the site is a s'oke !ree area7 Site c

has the loest rating because o! the industrial orking area across the site7

*24-2#2- a hospital should be located !ar !ro' a !oul-odor area, concerning

the health o! the users7

S"TE A, % and got the sa'e rating, all the sites are !oul-odor !ree7




*22# ; a hospital should be located in a @ood !ree area7 Hospital are the

'ost needed structure, orking process shouldnBt be dela)ed at an) cost o! disaster7

The site should be @ood !ree area because itBs the nearest hospital that can be

a&ailable hen @ood co'es to other 'unicipalit)7

S"TE A, % and are @ood !ree area7 ThereBs no possible @ooding can

occur in the sites7

%ased !ro' the rating table, site got the highest rating, there!ore itBs the

'ost appropriate site !or the proposed pro=ect7

&hapter 000.1 Site Evaluation and Analysis

Angat is a +rst class partiall) urban 'unicipalit) in

the pro&ince o! %ulacan, Philippines7 According to the /010 census, it has a

population o! FF,55/ inhabitants7 9ngatAs mountainous and hilly area has abundance of

trees that are source of timber and wood materials.

3.2.1 Climate data of Angat

The cli'ate is tropical in Angat7 "n 'ost 'onths o! the )ear, there is signi+cant

rain!all in Angat7 There is onl) a short dr) season and it is not &er) eecti&e7

According to ppen and Geiger cli'ate is classi+ed as A' 7 The a&erage annual

te'perature in Angat is /70 U7 The a&erage annual rain!all is // ''7

3.2.2 Demographics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_municipality

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_province

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_municipality

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_province

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines




%ased on the data, the co'puted population o! the 3S2 in Angat in the )ear 1990 to

/010 ith the total o! FF,55/ last (a) /010 and ith a percentage increase o!

V17F07

3.2.3 a!ard map

0ased on the

haard map,

9ngat, 0ulacan is

not a flood prone

area.

2.1.5. Geophysical disaster, cli/ate disaster, risk o$ typhoons, earth@uakeinduced shallo> landslides and tsuna/is.




0ased from the analysis of 5anila (bservatory and +epartment of <nvironment and -atural

'esources are the following:

Combined ris4 to geophysical disaster B very low

Combined ris4 to climate disaster B medium

'is4 to earthqua4es B medium

'is4 to earthqua4e6induced shallow landslides B medium

'is4 to tsunami B medium

'is4 to typhoons B medium

2.1.7 The Macro Setting




The site is located in the pro&ince o! %ulacan at Angat7 %ased on the data gathered,

Angat is a @ood !ree area, itBs the nearest 'unicipalit) !ro' other 'unicipalit) that is

high @ood ha>ard7 The chosen site is in beteen the area o! Angat7

2.1.8 The Micro Setting




The site is less than 10 'ins7 Aa) !ro' the 'unicipalit) o! Angat7 The lots

around the chosen site are e'pt) that can be use !or !uture de&elop'ent7 The area o!

the chosen site is the best open space area that is suitable !or hospital7 Across the

site is a church7

2.1.9 %elated La>s and 'rdinances

W P7 #7 109 ; 3ational %uilding ode o! the Philippines and "ts "'ple'entingules and egulations

W P7 #7 11IF ; *ire ode o! the Philippines and "ts "'ple'enting ules andegulations

W P7 #7 IF ; ode on Sanitation o! the Philippines and "ts "'ple'enting ules

and egulationsW %7 P7 566 ; Accessibilit) a and "ts "'ple'enting ules and egulationsW 7 A7 15I ; 3ational Plu'bing ode o! the Philippines and "ts "'ple'enting

ules and egulationsW 7 A7 1I6 ; Philippine Electrical odeW (anual on Technical Guidelines !or Hospitals and Health *acilities Planning

and#esign7 #epart'ent o! Health, (anila7 1996

W Signage S)ste's (anual !or Hospitals and 2<ces7 #epart'ent o! Health,(anila7 1996

W Health *acilities (aintenance (anual7 #epart'ent o! Health, (anila7 199F

W (anual on Hospital ?aste (anage'ent7 #epart'ent o! Health, (anila7 199W #istrict Hospitals Guidelines !or #e&elop'ent7 ?orld Health 2rgani>ation

egional Publications, ?estern Paci+c Series7 199/W Guidelines !or onstruction and Euip'ent o! Hospital and (edical *acilities7

A'erican "nstitute o! Architects, o''ittee on Architecture !or Health7 199/W #e hiara, Joseph7 Ti'e-Sa&er Standards !or %uilding T)pes7 (cGra-Hill

%ooko'pan)7 19I0




&hapter 2.2 evelop/ent 'ptions

2.2. Site Analysis

AEA LS"TE %M 11,50/s'7 S"TE A3ANS"S

32"SE A3ANS"S*2? 2* KEH"ES

2.2.1 Proposed

Site evelop/ent

Plan B1C




APPE*0&ES

S&ALE PLA* '- T!E S0TES "5<<<

part i-iii

Documents