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Project/ Programme Title: Reducing impacts on marine turtles and advancing better fishing practices in Coral Triangle shrimp trawl fisheries

International Project Number(s): ID.02003.3505

Reporting Period: Dec 2011 - June 2012

Name (writer(s) of this report) :

Position/ Title

Organisation WWF ID and WWF CTNI

Date : 20 July 2012

Part I – Project Output Assessment 1) Background / Introduction

The incidental capture of untargeted species - bycatch - has become a major political, management, sectoral and environmental focus, bringing its implications to the forefront as a conservation, sustainability and food security imperative. Of particular concern in the Coral Triangle region is shrimp trawling - an activity, which harvests an estimated tens of thousands of endangered marine turtles every year and which also catches a significant amount of other non-target (and unmanaged) fish and shellfish. An on-board WWF observations program in the Arafura Sea (near Papua) in 2005-2006 revealed that an average of 2-20 sea turtles were incidentally caught in each vessel during trawl operations. This proposed project aims to reduce the impact of shrimp trawling on endangered sea turtles and improve the overall responsibility of these fisheries, through the verifiable adoption of bycatch-reducing gear (Turtle Excluder Device - TEDs) and fishing Best Practices. To achieve this, a model of transformational change for shrimp trawling in the Coral Triangle will be developed collaboratively with relevant change agents1. The project will address the main disincentives impeding the use of TEDs in Indonesia – namely the extra income received from bycatch - and establish new incentives including increasing the income from target species and developing markets for TED-caught shrimp. 2) Overall Assessment of project

The project ran effectively and generally in line with the strategies developed, although aspects of the market-based strategy had to be reconsidered and adjustments made due to unforeseen circumstances. In the second half of the project we focused on socializing achievements from the previous period, such as the adoption of Best management Practices (BMP) guidelines and use of onboard observers. We also strengthened the commitment from government management authorities and also from industry and fishermen. Unfortunately, 2 of the 4 trawl companies we targeted for engagement in Sorong ceased operation, due to poor economic and market conditions. However we were still able to collaborate on activities with the other 2 companies through the observer onboard program and BMP guidelines adoption, leading to an expansion of support for TED adoption among other things.

1 Namely local fishing communities, fishing associations, domestic and international seafood companies, management bodies and regulators.

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We also worked with small scale trawlers from other regions in Indonesia. The knowledge base about small scale shrimp trawlers in Indonesia is still poor, and our focus was to foremost address this gap. We collaborated with researchers from P4KSI to mapping the distribution of shrimp trawlers in Indonesia. We believe this data can be used as a tool to help us mitigate the interaction between shrimp trawl fishing with the endangered, protected, threatened bycatch species such as sea turtles, etc.

Summary of Overall Progress (Project level):

1. Min. of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) adopted WWF-developed protocols for bycatch data collection and monitoring through new regulation of onboard observer program in shrimp trawl fleets

2. Distribution and socialization of Best Management Practices of onboard handling of sea turtle bycatch has been widely accepted by fishers. 343 fishers, 52 non-fishers (government local staff , navy & water police etc.) have been trained across 8 ports/locations in Indonesia

3. Five (5) industrial shrimp trawl vessels from 2 companies in Sorong are involved in comprehensive onboard observer program

4. Successful technical workshop for applying the WWF-SFI Tropical Shrimp Trawl Blueprint) blue print, introducing standards to be adapted to country-specific Shrimp Management Plan implementation. In addition to the SFI integration, we have made good progress in harmonizing the TST Blueprint work with new national planning for shrimp management under SEAFDEC-FAO GEF project

5. New and important insight/assessment of the extent and distribution of small-scale shrimp "mini trawls", and outreach into those communities

The detailed progress and assessment of the activities is provided below:

Component 1: Community consultation and project orientation

Component 1 Outcomes:

Increased awareness of the problem of bycatch in Sorong, Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan fishing communities

New support for incentives-based mitigation methods utilizing TEDs/Best Practices We focus to build the consolidation with industrial scale shrimp trawlers in Sorong. Where known as one of the main base for shrimp trawlers that operate in Arafura Sea. Programs in increasing the crew’s capacity through observer program are very well accepted in the companies. As we start we had all the 4 companies whose shows eagerness in implemented this program. Unfortunately when the program started, 2 of 4 companies (IMPD and WIFI) were stop operating. Management issues and imbalance between operational cost and profit they make is one of the factor make that happen. The good things are the other 2 companies still support our initiatives and support the onboard observer program. Which not only collect the data but also to make sure that the crews get the capacity building about bycatch issues and a proper handling and mitigation technique about bycatch. Besides the industry, positive respond also comes from Fisheries academy in Sorong. They agreed to make this practical onboard observer as their annual program combine with their practical program for last year students. Moreover, there is a thought to put bycatch or conservation issues in their curriculum where WWF’s representatives can share their experiences in the fields. This become very promising since most of the graduate student will work in fishing industry in all over Indonesia.

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WWF collaborated with SEAFDEC and MMAF to successfully hold the first Coral Triangle Fishers Forum, in Bali. This event brought together over 130 regional stakeholders from 10 countries, including leaders in the fishing community, fishing organizations, seafood companies, scientists and technicians. The CTFF was well-implemented and highly successful. The atmosphere at the CTFF was friendly and semi-formal, yet earnest and determined with regard to the peer-to-peer sharing of perspectives and ideas related to sustainable fisheries generally and bycatch best practices specifically. The outcomes report of this forum can be downloaded in: www.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/coraltriangle/events/coraltrianlgefishersforum/ As one of the follow up activities from CTFF, WWF worked in collaboration with MMAF to successfully conduct a technical workshop on adopting the Tropical Shrimp Trawl Blueprint developed by WWF internationally. The Blueprint seeks to (1) identify and understand the critical problems found in tropical shrimp trawl fisheries and their causes, and (2) create based on examples of best practice and potential solutions, a “blueprint” which can support a transition of TST fisheries to more sustainable practices. A full report of this TST blueprint can be search and downloaded in: www.panda.org In this workshop various stakeholders involved in TST fishery were invited including industry associations, fishing companies, researchers, and local government in provincial level. Representatives from all over Indonesia (Sumatera, Kalimantan, Java, Ambon, Papua) attended this workshop and gave their input in order to adopt the Blueprint into an overall shrimp management plan which will be developed together, with MMAF as a coordinator. In addition, to obtain a better picture about characteristic of various shrimp trawl in Indonesia, a rapid fisheries assessment was conducted in 4 major islands in Indonesia. The assessment covers Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Papua (Figure Below). A report has been completed in Bahasa and will be translated soon into English. This assessment, in collaboration between WWF and P4KSI, focused on: i) challenges and opportunity about bycatch mitigation in artisanal shrimp trawl, and ii) the interaction between shrimp trawl fishing with endangered, protected, threatened bycatch species like sea turtles, etc Fig 1. Map of fisheries assessment geographic coverage

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Table 1. Activities (Component 1)

Outputs Progress

1.1 Project planning team established w. work plans

On schedule Workplan established already

1.2 Supply chain study Supply chain study with Nissui (Japanese fishing company and owner of the Sorong subsidiaries) was unable to be completed due to new directions and priorities taken by Nissui and other key enablers in Japan, following the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami.

1.3 Fisheries Rapid Assessments Assessment completed and the report will be distributed in late 2012 / early 2013

1.4 Organizational linkages formed

On schedule

1.5 Pilot project participants identified

Done

1.6 Appropriate biodiversity and livelihood indicators established

Done

Summary of Component 1 Progress:

1. Increased awareness in shrimp industry (large and small scale) on bycatch problems and solutions e.g a. observer programs in Sorong, providing not only better data and MMAF engagement but also capacity building for crews re: bycatch issues and a proper handling and mitigation techniques b. advancement of curriculum planning and training at Sorong Fisheries Academy i.e. practical onboard observer program for Final Year students: this has created a very important, sustainable and long-term outcome, while also expanding the breadth and geographic reach of sustainable impacts on the issue 2. Successful completion with MMAF-WWF of Fisheries Rapid Assessment for shrimp trawl in 4 major regions in Indonesia, including small-scale fisheries that were largely lacking in any assessment/documentation previously

Component 2: Adoption of Best Practices guidelines Component 2 Outcomes:

Reliable and cost-effective approach available to Indonesian stakeholders to guide longer-term policy and practice on shrimp fisheries / turtle bycatch

Increased awareness of the problem of bycatch in Sorong, Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan fishing communities

The BMP on sea turtle bycatch avoidance and handling measures were developed and socialized among fishermen. This BMP was been developed through consultations and group dialogues involving representatives from many stakeholders (government, researcher, and fishery associations). Initiated in the eastern part of Indonesia, the socialization and bycatch handling training was a great success. In total

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we successfully held the training in 8 locations in Indonesia where shrimp trawl fishing (either industrial or small scale) is prominent. The locations are:

1. Ambon. Attended by 30 participants 2. Tarakan, East Kalimantan. Attended by 32 participants 3. Sungai Kakap, Pontianak-West Kalimantan. Attended by 95 participants 4. Setapuk Besar, Singkawang-West Kalimantan. Attended by 51 participants 5. Selakau, West Kalimantan. Attended by 67 participants 6. Pemangkat, West Kalimantan. Attended by 38 participants 7. Liku, Paloh-West Kalimantan. Attended by 48 participants 8. Temajuk, West Kalimantan. Attended by 43 participants

Overall this activity successfully trained 343 fishermen and 52 non fishermen (government local staff, navy & water police, local NGO, local fishermen associations, students) in bycatch BMPs and also allowed a platform for sharing between peers on conservation and fisheries management issues. Table 2. Activities (Component 2)

Outputs Progress

2.1 Best practices review Done - Preliminary literature review and background studies

2.2 Define best practices guidelines to be applied in project

Done - Best Management Practices guidelines completed

and implemented shrimp trawl in Sorong

Summary of Component 2 Progress:

1. Bycatch BMP guidelines developed, distributed and socialized among fishers (~400 completed dedicated training session) with outreach into 8 geographic/fishing regions

2. BMP guidelines presented to SEAFDEC-FAO for their application and optimization in GEF bycatch project (i.e. through Indonesia govt. membership in SEAFDEC and active involvement in both WWF and SEAFEC-FAO activities related to shrimp management planning

Component 3: Onboard observer program Component 3 Outcomes:

Wider adoption in trawl fisheries of TED/BP technology and methods

Increased awareness of the problem of bycatch in Sorong, Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan fishing communities

New support and linkages for incentives-based mitigation methods utilizing TEDs/Best Practices

Increased skill and capacity of vessels crews on the bycatch mitigation technique The onboard observers program commenced in February 2011, with a number of significant achievements and results. Two independent observers, two co-observers, and four student observers were deployed to sea on vessels, all equipped with bycatch mitigation kits. Over several trips spread over a 11 month period they

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recorded several Endangered Threatened and Protected (ETP) Species caught as bycatch. Those ETP species were: 39 Sea turtle, 3 Dolphins, and 2 Sharks*. This activity covers 11 vessels from 2 shrimp trawl companies. In total 165 crewmembers were trained on how to mitigate and handle sea turtle bycatch during the fishing trip. In addition to collecting key data these deployments allowed new and important insight into vessel operation, helped build common understanding and trust, and allowed us to refine the observer program for maximum results. All sea turtle bycatch were, after care taken to ensure recovery, released back to the sea,

Fig 2. Bycatch of ETP Species in trawl fishery Fig 3. Sea Turtle bycatch – Sorong trawl fishing trips In addition to monitoring the bycatch there were several insights that we were able to obtain:

1. The crews are required to record all the main catch by the company. As for bycatch, they never

recorded it (include all byproduct that they sell)

2. Most of the fish bycatch are thrown back to the sea in dead condition: fishes, crustaceans, rays, etc

1 1

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1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0

10203040

H M H M H M H M H M

Shark Sea Turtle Whale Dolphin Sea Bird

Nu

mb

ers

Of

Ind

ivid

u

Species Bycath

Number of bycatch shark, sea turtle, whale, dolphin and sea bird in Trawl

Sorong Yr. 2011

1

8

15

7

2 2 4

0

5

10

15

20

Nu

mb

ers

Of

Ind

ivid

u

Species

Sea Turtle ByCatch Sorong Yr. 2011

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3. Usually all the crews never check the sea turtle condition before they release the animal back to

the ocean. One reason provided was that they were afraid to get caught by an enforcement officer

with a sea turtle on board. Also they suggest that when in the middle of hauling the gear they do

not want to stop to handle a turtle.

4. Sharks are also caught in shrimp trawl. In average 2 sharks are caught in every hauling. After killing

the shark, they will remove the fins, and may or may not retain the carcass, depending on available

space in the vessel’s hold.

5. TED use:

Even from the company, every vessel is now required to install TED during fishing activity, but in

the field:

Most of the TEDs are only installed by the trawlers when they got info that there will be patrol

by the fisheries officer. According to them, TEDs decrease the catch and they will find many of

trashes trapped in the net which makes it very difficult to haul the gear.

There are some cases where the trawlers modified the TED or minimized the function of the

escape net, making big fishes and turtles more vulnerable to be trapped during the hauling.

This was done to prevent the loss of the commercial bycatch while in the same time they can

prove that they using TED (and may release the turtle later, if it has not drowned).

Other key insights and facts about fishing activity in Arafura Sea gained:

1. IUU fishing is one of the main factors that threat Arafura’s resources.

2. Almost half of the Arafura Sea products are being utilized by other Countries; Indonesia imports

those products (fish/shrimp)

3. Ironically, most of the illegal foreign vessels use massive fishing gears and power (>100 GT), and

most of them are trawl and gillnet

4. Although the use of TED is mandated by law, the implementation is still insufficient. Loss of side

income is the reason why trawlers do not want to install TED. Illegal foreign fleets, never use TED

at all. TEDs are only widely use when there is presence of fisheries patrol

5. Data shows that there is a significantly different percentage/ratio between shrimp catches, fish

with high economic value, and by-catch that is thrown into the sea. The ratio is 1 : 2 : 7

6. Fisheries operate throughout the year, no regulation for time limit e.g: no open closed season

applied

7. Numbers of trawl fleets are abundant and increasingly dominated by foreign fleets.

Table 3. Activities (Component 3)

Outputs

3.1 Data collection protocols/training manual

Done

3.2 Pilot observer program - 4 students of Fisheries Academy of Sorong (APSOR) and 2 crewmembers and 2 independent observers successfully

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onboard

3.3 Data assessment and supportive analysis (Technical Report)

Done

3.4 Capacity building program for small-scale trawl vessels crews on bycatch mitigation

On schedule - 17 crewmembers vessel from 4 shrimp trawl companies in

Sorong has been trained on sea turtle bycatch mitigation technique

Summary of Component 3 Progress:

1. Detailed data collection on bycatch impacts on Endangered, Threatened and Protected (ETP) species, through independent onboard observers. Key data on bycatch rates and impacts, such as on sea turtles and sharks, has been compiled, analysed and slated for publishing.

2. Key comparative data on the relative impacts of vessels using Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) has been compiled, providing key additions to the growing database on benefits of gear transformation

Component 4: Development of a model for niche-market access of TED and Best Practices products Component Outcomes:

Reduced mortality endangered marine turtles

Wider adoption in trawl fisheries of TED/BP technology and methods

New markets developed for vessels and seafood companies associated with TED/BP As explained in the mid-report, this component was severely hampered by the Japanese earthquake and tsunami, which resulted in an immediate re-orientation of programs and time/resource priorities for WWF Japan as well as for Nissui (the main company influencing the Sorong shrimp market). While the WWF Indonesia and CTGI team is better positioned now (with existing project results as well as other parallel developments around B2B seafood trade networks) to implement projects around BMP-market links, achieving tangible results during the project period proved elusive. Summary of Component 4 Progress: As explained in the mid-report, this component was severely hampered by the Japanese tsunami, which resulted in an immediate re-orientation of programs and time/resource priorities for WWF Japan as well as for Nissui (the main company influencing the Sorong shrimp market). While the WWF Indonesia and CTGI team is better positioned now (with existing project results as well as other parallel developments around B2B seafood trade networks) to implement projects around BMP-market links, achieving tangible results during the project period proved elusive. Component 5: Communication, awareness raising and dissemination of lessons learned Component Outcomes:

Reduced mortality endangered marine turtles

Wider adoption in trawl fisheries of TED/BP technology and methods

New markets developed for vessels and seafood companies associated with TED/BP

Reliable and cost-effective approach available to Indonesian stakeholders to guide longer-term policy and practice on shrimp fisheries / turtle bycatch

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New support and linkages for incentives-based mitigation methods utilizing TEDs/Best Practices As detailed in earlier parts of the report, major achievements have been made via mainstreaming BMP guidelines and onboard observer practical training into Indonesia's fisheries institutions and training academies. These are significant and sustainable outcomes that bode well for ongoing awareness raising and other outcomes. Lessons learned have been formulated and reasonable progress in disseminating these, through technical workshops and regional/national/local stakeholder meetings, to Indonesian and regional (SEAFDEC) management bodies, so as to optimize results and to positively influence those management decision-making tables. Summary of Component 5 Progress:

1. Mainstreaming BMP guidelines and onboard observer practical training into Indonesia's fisheries institutions and training academies. These are significant and sustainable outcomes that bode well for ongoing awareness raising and other outcomes

2. Lessons learned have been formulated and reasonable progress in disseminating these, through technical workshops and regional/national/local stakeholder meetings, to Indonesian and regional (SEAFDEC) management bodies, so as to optimize results and to positively influence those management decision-making tables.

3. Impressive list of media coverage of the project and/or project-related activities 3) Major challenges and solutions developed In summary the major challenges were:

1. Challenges in accessing Nissui and therefore inability to complete a suitable supply-chain study that would inform concerted effort on niche-market development

2. Two shrimp companies (IMPD and WIFI) that are subsidiaries of Nissui stopped operating during the project period, due largely to economic issues / operational costs. This reinforces the need to find economic-based i.e. market-based solutions. One solution identified is that the Indonesian Seafood Savers platform, the CTGI regional platform, and the SEAFDEC-FAO GEF project can work to improve the application of market-based strategies through strategic private sector partnerships.

3. Coordination/optimizing the project with a parallel initiative to apply the WWF-SFI shrimp Blueprint in Indonesia - though not a limitation on final results/impact of the project, the extra inter-coordination and consultation between different MMAF departments and SEAFDEC-FAO etc. required additional time and effort, delaying some activities/progress

4) Unexpected outcome

A surprising but welcomed outcome was the extent to which the bycatch BMP guidelines training and onboard observer training programs were integrated into the ongoing curriculum of the Sorong Fisheries Academy.

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5) Methodology: Involvement of stakeholders

The fishing industry (shrimp trawl companies and shrimp buyers) is the most relevant stakeholders for this project, as well as the government and technologists/scientists. The project aimed to encourage the stakeholders to agree on ways to solve key problems collaboratively. The progress during the project indicated a positive response overall from the stakeholders. Overall, the methodology of this project placed a strong emphasis on fisher involvement at all stages, including through workshops, training programs, group discussions and at-sea deployment. 6) Capacity building and partnership

In this project, in addition to monitor and document bycatch and fishing performance, onboard observers have a critical role to play and are also the best delivery mechanism for conducing more general awareness and training activities as they spend several months together onboard, utilizing the crew's natural curiosity to talk about best practices. The Coral Triangle Fishers Forum (CTFF) is also very good platform as an ongoing series of biennial dialogues on fisheries focused, initially, on bycatch and with function of exchanging of information on bycatch reduction and better practices, and promotion and learning from successful examples of industry-fisherfolk collaborations in implementing bycatch reduction and/or better practices. 7) Communication & stories (publicity or other public attention)

In this period, most of communication and publications is from CTFF event, some of media highlights on are listed below:

Some International Media Pick-Ups: Jakarta Post Fishers call for action against bycatching http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/06/18/fishers-call-action-against-bycatching.html Wildlife Extra Coral Triangle fishers work together to stop indiscriminate killing http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/news/coral-triangle-fishing.html#cr Seafood Source Conference addresses bycatch problem http://www.seafoodsource.com/newsarticledetail.aspx?id=4294996532 Bycatch tackled at Coral Triangle meeting http://www.seafoodsource.com/newsarticledetail.aspx?id=4294996643 Some National Media Pick-Ups (in Bahasa Indonesia): Harian Equator : http://www.equator-news.com/singkawang/20120702/bycatch-ancam-stok-ikan Harian Pontianak Post : http://www.pontianakpost.com/index.php?mib=berita.detail&id=112051

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Tribun Pontianak : http://pontianak.tribunnews.com/2012/07/01/wwf-ajak-nelayan-sambas-peduli-penyu http://www.mediaindonesia.com/cetak/2010/06/15/149067/89/14/Nela... http://www.vhrmedia.com/print,4594.html http://antaranews.com/print/1276581045 http://www.antara-sumbar.com/id/berita/berita/j/21/105407/27-juta-ton... http://bali.antaranews.com/print/4855/27-juta-ton-sumber-daya-laut-ter... http://www.beritabali.com/news_print.php?kd=201006150001 http://www.desamodern.com/?r=site/content/detail/8/843 http://news.id.finroll.com/home/archive/281482-tangkapan-sampingan-... http://koran.kompas.com/read/xml/2010/06/18/03362664/mitigasi.tang... http://tempointeraktif.com/share/?act=TmV3cw==&type=UHJpbnQ=&... http://www.news.id.finroll.com/component/content/article/78-rilis-pres... Online Resource http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/coraltriangle/events/coraltrianglefishersforum (includes agenda, presentations, speeches and future communication portal) Circle Hook Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6oVTz8OBgA

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8) Future Issues/ Challenges - Develop the market based incentive model: WWF will continue to expand networks in buyer countries

to explore any kind of opportunities to develop partnership with the shrimp buyers company in the buyer country. The Indonesian Seafood Savers as well as the Coral Triangle regional seafood trade platform are both well positioned to develop these key linkages.

- Addressing the better adoption of TEDs will require close integration and optimizing of the project results with parallel initiatives to apply the WWF-SFI shrimp Blueprint in Indonesia and the ongoing SEAFDEC-FAO Bycatch “Phase II” project.

9) Accounting See separate final financial report Part II – Assessing the Overall Project Impact/Outcome

1. Lessons Learned Some of the key lessons learned include:

- Working closely with the academic institutions (e.g. Sorong Fisheries Academy) can be advantageous and help lead to more sustainable outcomes (curriculum development)

- While some traction for wider TED adoption exists and has been improved through the project, there is still a generally negative viewpoint on TEDs from fishers. This can only be improved through continued socialization and expansion of TED-related programs, through closer integration with the ongoing process at MMAF to develop a Shrimp Management Plan (i.e.

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stronger measures and higher enforcement, awareness and research budgets), and through further exploration of market-based solutions that also seek to improve the value of the target shrimp products

- For the small-scale fleet, rapid fisheries assessments across a wide geographic range, augmented by field interviews and discussions, is a suitable and useful method for gaining key understanding on management and conservation issues, from which to develop a sector outreach strategy and begin to identify priority issues.

- Fisheries students are a good option to secure the bycatch program is running regularly in Sorong and leads to sustainable outcomes.

2. Sustainability

With the commitment developed so far from APSOR, this will secure the onboard observer program for the future. The ongoing curriculum on BMP and observer training at Sorong Academy may prove extremely important in sustaining positive outcomes. The CTFF as a wider platform for sharing, learning and seeking the solutions among fishing business practices and others stakeholders on bycatch issues, may also help sustain outcomes.

APPENDIX I. Project Photos

1. Coral Triangle Fishers Forum Conference (Denpasar, June 2010)

Opening of CTFF

Welcome Dinner Peer-to-peer sharing of ideas during the fisherfolk breakout session

2. Training onboard observer in APSOR (Sorong, Januari 2011)

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Class room training

Try the de-hooker

Try the de hooker

3. Capacity Building : crew vessels of shrimp trawl (Sorong, Januari 2011)

Class room training

Try the de-hooker

Try the de-hooker

4. Onboard Observer Program (Feb-Nov 2011)

Sorting the catch result

Sea Turtle Bycatch

Sharks bycatch

5. Socialization of BMP and Bycatch Handling training (June 2012)

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Resuscitation training Fishermen discussion Fishermen with BMP

6. Workshop of Blueprint for Sustainable Tropical Shrimp Trawl (March 2012)

MMAF Presentation

Group Discussion

Develop the Shrimp Management Plan

7. Shrimp Trawl Assessment

Artisanal Shrimp trawl in Kalimantan

Trawl net in Medan (Sumatra)

Artisanal Otter Board in West Java

8. Shrimp Trawl Assessment

Data Collection via Interview

Catch result

Bycatch of artisanal shrimp trawl

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