part of speech
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PARTS OF SPEECHPARTS OF SPEECH“Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance. “
Will Durant
1 May 2013
"There is no education like adversity."
Disraeli, Endymion
By Haslinda Midy
1 May 2013
haslinda
This presentation provides a very basic introduction to the concept of parts of speech in language. Actually, the study of parts of speech can be quite complicated and involved, but the purpose of this presentation is to give the students a working vocabulary and a way to improve their grasp of grammar.
My Way ………………
1 May 2013
haslinda
There are nine parts of speech . . .
1)Nouns2)Verbs3)Pronouns4)Adjectives5)Adverbs6)Conjunctions7)Articles8)Prepositions9)Interjections
It is important to understand that every word in a sentence has a job to do, a role in the sentence.
1 - NOUN1 - NOUNA noun is a type of word that represents a person, A noun is a type of word that represents a person, thing, place or quality.thing, place or quality.
For examples:For examples:
1 May 2013
haslinda
Person ~ Mr. Kamarul likes to eat spinach.
Place ~ Mission is an old town.
Thing ~ To cook, you need a couple of pots.
Quality ~ Honesty is a great value to possess.
2 - VERB2 - VERBA verb is a type of word that describes an action or a A verb is a type of word that describes an action or a state of being, state of being, like like talktalk, , walkwalk, , runrun, , jumpjump, , bebe, , dodo, , havehave, or , or thinkthink..
There are two types of verbs : regular & irregularThere are two types of verbs : regular & irregular
1 May 2013
haslinda
Regular verbs are those whose past tense (for example, "I looked") and past participle (for example, "I had looked") are formed by following the standard rule: adding a "d" or an "ed" to the end of the verb (sometimes a final consonant is doubled, and if there is a y at the end of the word after a consonant, it changes to an "ied”.
Verb Past Tense Past Participle I walk You walked They had walked
I plan She plannedThey have planned
I carry He carried They have carried
Irregular verbs are those whose past tense (for example, "I rode") and past participle (for example, "I had ridden") have forms that do not follow the standard rules. There are many irregular verbs (over 250) in English, including be, break, bring, come, eat, go, meet, run, swim, and many more. The chart below are some examples of irregular verbs.
1 May 2013
haslinda
Verb Past TensePast Participle
(had)be was / were been
break broke brokenbring brought broughtcome came comeeat ate eatengo went gone
meet met metbuild built builtbuy bought bought
choose chose chosenswim swam swam
do / does did done
3 - PRONOUN3 - PRONOUNA pronoun is a substitute for a noun. Some A pronoun is a substitute for a noun. Some pronouns pronouns are: are: II, , meme, , sheshe, , hehe, , herher, , himhim, , itit, , youyou, , theythey, , and and themthem. .
1 May 2013
haslinda
PRONOUNS
Pronoun as
Subject
Pronoun as Object
Pronoun as
Possessive
Adjective
Possessive
Pronoun
Reflexive Pronoun
1st PersonSingular
I me my mine myself
2nd Person
Singularyou you your yours yourself
3rd Person
Singular
hesheit
himherit
hisherits
hishersits
himselfherselfitself
1st PersonPlural
we us our ours ourselves
2nd PersonPlural
you you your yours yourselves
3rd PersonPlural
they them their theirsthemselve
s
4 - ADJECTIVE4 - ADJECTIVEAn adjective is a word that describes, An adjective is a word that describes, identifies, modifies, or quantifies something identifies, modifies, or quantifies something (a noun or a pronoun). In the phrase, (a noun or a pronoun). In the phrase, ""the black catthe black cat" the word " the word blackblack is an is an adjective because it describes the cat.adjective because it describes the cat.
1 May 2013
haslinda
Adjectives can be classified into many categories. Adjectives are generally used in the order:
quantity-->opinion-->size-->age-->shape-->colour-->origin-->material-->purpose.
1 May 2013
haslinda
quantity few, no, one, two, three, four, little, several, many, all,
opinion good, better, best, bad, worse, worst, wonderful, splendid
personality/emotion happy, sad, excited, scared, frightened,
sound loud, soft, silent, vociferous, screaming, shouting
taste sweet, sour, acidic, bitter, salty, tasty, delicious, savoury
touch hard, soft, silky, velvety, bumpy, smooth, grainy, coarse
size, weight heavy, light, big, small, little, tiny, tall, short, fat, thin
smell perfumed, acrid, burnt, smelly, reeking, pungent, aromatic
speed quick, fast, slow, speeding, rushing, bustling, swift
temperature hot, cold, freezing, icy, frosty, frozen, nippy, chilly
age young, old, teenage, ancient, antique, old-fashioned, youthful
distance short, long, far, distant, nearby, close, faraway, outlying
shape round, circular, square, triangular, oval, sleek, blobby, flat
miscellaneous qualities
full, empty, wet, dry, open, closed
brightness light, dark, bright, shadowy, shining, pale, dull
colour pink, red, orange, yellowish, blue, purple, black
time early, late, morning, night, evening, everlasting, initial, first
origin/location equatorial, American, Canadian, English
material glass, wooden, cloth, fabric, cotton, plastic, leather
purpose folding, swinging, work, racing, cooking, sleeping, dance
Some of the categories are as follows:
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haslinda
QUANTITY
OPINION SIZE AGE SHAPE COLOUR ORIGINMATERIA
LPURPOSE NOUN
five huge young black Canadian bears
battered oldshapeles
sgray cotton work pants
manymagnifice
nt antique British reference books
one studious teenaged American boy
few shiny round blue Indian gems
manywell-made
tiny elongate
dbrown wooden fishing boats
several cheap large purple polyester sleeping bags
Example of the Sequence of Multiple Adjectives in Chart Form:
5 - ADVERB5 - ADVERBAn adverb is a word that describes an action, An adverb is a word that describes an action, telling "how," "when," "where," "how often," or telling "how," "when," "where," "how often," or "how much" an action took place. In the phrase "how much" an action took place. In the phrase ""the cat ate hungrilythe cat ate hungrily," hungrily is an adverb since it ," hungrily is an adverb since it describes how the cat ate. Adverbs often end in describes how the cat ate. Adverbs often end in ‘ly’. Some adverbs ‘ly’. Some adverbs are: are: easilyeasily, , warmlywarmly, , quicklyquickly, , mainlymainly, , freelyfreely, , oftenoften, and , and unfortunatelyunfortunately..
For examples:For examples:
1 May 2013
haslinda
manner Described ‘how’ something happens, e.g. beautifully, terribly, quietly
place Described ‘where’ something happens, e.g. here, there, everywhere
time Described ‘how long’ or ‘when’ something happens, e.g. before, after
frequency Described ‘how often’ something happens, e.g. sometimes, often
degree Described to ‘what’ degree something happens, e.g. almost, nearly
certainty Described how probable it is that something will happen, e.g. definitely, probably
6 - CONJUNCTION6 - CONJUNCTIONA conjunction is a word that joins other words, A conjunction is a word that joins other words, phrases, clauses or sentences. Some phrases, clauses or sentences. Some conjunctions are: conjunctions are: andand, , asas, , becausebecause, , butbut, , oror, , neither/norneither/nor, , forfor, , sincesince, , soso, , untiluntil, , yetyet, and , and while.while.
1 May 2013
haslinda
Words to words
Most children like cookies and milk.
Phrases to phrases
The gold is hidden at the beach or by the lakeside.
Clauses to clauses
What you say and what you do are two different things.
Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one another: words to words, phrases to phrases, clauses to clauses.
7 - ARTICLES7 - ARTICLESAn article is a word that introduces a noun or a An article is a word that introduces a noun or a noun phrase, and also limits or clarifies it. In noun phrase, and also limits or clarifies it. In English, the indefinite articles are English, the indefinite articles are aa and and anan while while the definite article is the definite article is thethe..
For examples:For examples:
1 May 2013
haslinda
a Use for countable nouns which start with consonant letters, e.g. a boy, a cat, a duck
an Use for countable nouns which start with vowel letters, e.g. an aeroplane, an egg, an octopus
the - Use for uncountable nouns when you are talking about a particular example of that thing
- Use for countable nouns the second and subsequent times you use the noun, or when the listener already knows what you are referring to (maybe because there is only one of that thing)
8 - PREPOSITION8 - PREPOSITIONA preposition is a word that shows the A preposition is a word that shows the spatial (space), temporal (time), or logical spatial (space), temporal (time), or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence. sentence.
For examples: For examples:
aboveabove, , afterafter, , againstagainst, , asas, , atat, , beneathbeneath, , betwbetweeneen, behind,, behind,byby, , duringduring, , exceptexcept, , forfor fromfrom, , inin, , intointo, , likelike, , nearnear, , onon, , overover, , pastpast, , sincesince, , underunder, , uponupon, , with.with.
The cat is on the table.The cat is on the table.The dog is under the table.The dog is under the table. 1 May 2013
haslinda
9 - INTERJECTION9 - INTERJECTIONAn interjection is a word that expresses An interjection is a word that expresses emotion as an interruption or an aside. In emotion as an interruption or an aside. In other words, they are words or phrases other words, they are words or phrases used to exclaim or protest or command.used to exclaim or protest or command. An interjection often starts a sentence but An interjection often starts a sentence but it can be contained within the sentence or it can be contained within the sentence or can stand alone. can stand alone.
Some interjections are: Some interjections are: ahah, , ahaaha, , alasalas, , awaw, , ayay, , bahbah, , eheh, , hurrayhurray, , manman, , ohoh
1. Hey! Get off that floor!1. Hey! Get off that floor!2. Oh, that is a surprise.2. Oh, that is a surprise.3. Ah! Don't say you agree with me.3. Ah! Don't say you agree with me. 1 May 2013
haslinda
Identify each word in the following sentence.
haslinda1 May 2013
The beautiful queen was walking slowly on the cool lawn, and she was reading a long book about knights and kings which she enjoyed.
haslinda1 May 2013
The beautiful queen was walking slowly
article adjective noun verb verb adverb
on the cool lawn, and she was
preposition article adjective noun conjunction pronoun verb
reading a long book about knights and
verb article adjective noun preposition noun conjunction
kings which she enjoyed. noun preposition pronoun verb
haslinda1 May 2013
Happy learning Good luck