Part One:Grade 5 Essential Lab # 12

Physical Properties of Minerals

Part Two: Identification of the Three Types of Rocks:

Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic

Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support SpecialistMary Tweedy, Curriculum Support SpecialistDivision of Mathematics and ScienceDivision of Mathematics and Science

SC.4.E.6.2 Identify the physical properties of common earth-forming minerals, including hardness, color, luster, cleavage, and streak color, and recognize the role of minerals in the formation of rocks

SC.4.N.1.1 Raise questions about the natural world, use appropriate reference materials that support understanding to obtain information (identifying the source), conduct both individual and team investigations through free exploration and systematic investigations, and generate appropriate explanations based on those explorations. SC.4.N.1.2 Compare the observations made by different groups using multiple tools and seek reasons to explain the differences across groups.

SC.4.N.1.6 Keep records that describe observations made, carefully distinguishing actual observations from ideas and inferences about the observations.

LACC.5.SL.1.1. Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 5 topics and texts, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.

Essential Lab # 12 Benchmarks

Minerals and You

Every solid material made from nature that’s neither plant or animal--not a living thing is a mineral or made from minerals. Minerals touch our lives in hundreds of ways each day. Life as we know it would not exist without them.

What are some minerals that touch your lives?

What are minerals?

Engage

What is a Mineral?http://library.thinkquest.org/J002289/index.html

• A solid material that is formed by nature in or on Earth’s crust

• A material that has a crystal form• A material that is not formed by a living thing• A material that has its own set of properties: (Discovery)

How are minerals identified? (free BrainPop)

http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078778026/164213/00044674.html

• color streak color hardness luster cleavage

• Minerals by Name

Lab # 12Physical Properties of Minerals

• Essential Question: How are minerals identified?

• Materials: Mineral specimens hand lens

penny (1982 or older) streak platepaperclip (steel blade) magnet

Mineral Detective

Procedures1. Read the Mystery Mineral Worksheet. Look carefully at each

property and its descriptions at the top of worksheet.

2. Choose a mineral to observe and record its identification # on the worksheet.

3. Observe and perform the physical property tests and record the results.

4. Repeat for each different mystery mineral.

5. Share and discuss mineral property observations within your group.

6. Use the Mineral Identification to compare observation results with the Mineral Identification Key to determine the real identity of the minerals.

7. Record each mineral’s identity in column one.

8. Share mineral identification results with your group and the whole class.

 

Using Physical Properties to Identify the Mystery Minerals

Sample #

Color Streak

Color of mineral when it’s scratched across streak plate

Luster Glassy-shines like glass Dull-earthy/chalky Metallic-looks like metal Waxy/pearly-has a muted shine

Hardness

Mohs Scale Scratched by

1 Fingernail-easily 2 Fingernail 3 Penny-easily 4 Penny 5 Steel (paperclip) 6 glass 7-10 Will scratch Glass/steel

Other

Magnetic Texture Smell Shape

Flakes into sheets

#____ ________

(identity)

#____ ________

(identity)

#____ _________

(identity)

#____ _________

(identity)

#____ ______ (identity)

#____ ________

(identity)

Mineral Identification Keys:

Some Common Minerals and Their Properties Key

Name Color Streak Luster Hardness Other Properties

Graphite Black Black Metallic 1 Crystals are rare.

Mica Colorless White Pearly 2.5-3 Flakes into sheets

Halite Colorless White Glassy 2.5 Salty taste

Galena Gray Gray Metallic 2.5-3 Crystal Cubes

Calcite Colorless White Glassy 3 Crystalline

Magnetite Black Black Dull 5.5-6.5 Magnetic

Pyrite Golden Black Metallic 6-6.5 Looks like gold

Feldspar Various White Glassy 6-6.5 Two cleavages

Quartz Various White Glassy 7 Round fracture

Hornblende Dark green

to black Gray Glassy 5.5 Splintery appearance

Additional Mineral Identification Keys:

•Grade 5 Scott Foresman p. 284 •http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/1Minerals.html 

Group Discussion

Beginning with the shortest person in your group, take turns going around the table in a clockwise direction sharing the identity of one of the minerals identified. •Do you all agree on its identity? How do your observations (evidence) compare with the others in the group? •Continue until all minerals have been shared. Then answer the following:•Which was your easiest mineral to identify? Why? Your hardest? Why? Share within your group.

Evaluate1. Name and explain three of the mineral properties

you observed?

2. Why do you think color may not be the best way

to identify minerals?

3. How did the hand lens help with observing

properties of the minerals?

4. What was the most difficult mineral to identify?

Why?

Minerals Review1. Rocks are made of _____, which are

natural, nonliving solid crystals.

2. The way a mineral’s surface reflects light is called its __________.

3. The way a mineral can tend to break along lines or smooth surfaces when hit sharply is its ___________.

4. _________ is the color of a

mineral when it is powdered. It

is often different from the color of

the whole mineral.

• The measure of the mineral’s

resistance to scratching is its _______.

A.Cleavage

B.Hardness

C. Luster

D. Minerals

E. Streak Color

Sample FCAT 2.0 Question1. Eddy is trying to identify a mineral by

observing its luster. This means that he is

doing which of the following?

 

A. observing the way the mineral reflects light

B. scratching the mineral with other objects or

minerals

C. examining the color the mineral makes when

rubbed across porcelain

D. feeling the mineral to determine if it is rough, smooth, greasy, or glassy SC.4.E.6.2

Sample FCAT 2.0 Question2.Tanya is trying to identify an unknown mineral.

To identify the mineral, Tanya breaks it and

observes the planes and patterns formed along

the break.

Which property of minerals is Tanya testing?

 

A. cleavage

B. hardness

C. luster

D. texture SC.4.E.6.2

Sample FCAT 2.0 Question3. Samantha is identifying different minerals

she found on vacation. Which property of

the minerals will Samantha be LEAST able

to determine by using only her eyes?

 

A. color

B. hardness

C. luster

D. texture

SC.4.E.6.2

Extension

Gizmo Activity:

•Mineral Identification

Benchmark SC.4.E.6.2 also assesses SC.4.E.6.1 SC.4.E.6.1 Identify the three categories of rocks: igneous, (formed from molten rock); sedimentary (pieces of other rocks and fossilized organisms); and metamorphic (formed from heat and pressure.

Content Limits and Clarifications•Students will identify and/or describe the physical properties of common minerals. •Students will describe and/or explain the role of minerals in the formation of rocks. •Students will identify the three categories of rocks and how they were formed. •Items will not assess the identification of a specific mineral based on its properties. •Items addressing common minerals are limited to quartz, feldspar, mica, calcite, talc, pyrite, and graphite. •Items will not require the identification of specific mineral composition of any type of rock. •Items will not require knowledge of Moh’s hardness scale. •Items will not assess the rock cycle.

Part Two: Identification of the Three Types of Rocks Essential Question:

What are Rocks?

Rocks …•Solid earth material•Make up the crust of the Earth•Mixture of one or more minerals•Range in size from giant mountains to grains of sand•Can be smooth or rough, shiny or dull, one color or many colors

More about Rocks from Discovery

Essential Question: What are the Three main types of

rocks?

1. Sedimentary Rock

1. Igneous Rock

3. Metamorphic Rock

Rock Type Photographs and more: http://geology.com/rocks/

Sedimentary Rocks • Form when layers of rock particles get pressed together at

or near Earth's surface https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp

• Nickname = “Layered” rocks• May contain fossils• Common near bodies of water or where water existed in

the past• Characteristics: Layers Loosely

compacted• Distinct particles Dull Light Colored• Light weight

See http://geology.com/rocks/sedimentary-rocks.shtml for photographs and more.

Igneous Rocks • Form when magma (hot liquid rock) cools and

hardens• Cools very fast = glassy with holes• Cools fast = glassy• Cools slow = small crystals• Cools very slow = large crystals

• Nickname= “Fire formed” rocks:

Pumice is a gas-charged igneous rock.

Can you identify some others?

1

23

45

granite scoria obsidian pumice

http://geology.com/rocks/metamorphic-rocks.shtml

Metamorphic Rocks

• Form when underground rocks are changed due to high pressure

• Nickname = “Changed” rocks• Common in mountains• Characteristics: Thick layers Blended colors Tightly compacted Blurred particles Shiny

Rock Type Photographs and more: http://geology.com/rocks/

See http://geology.com/rocks/metamorphic-rocks.shtml for photographs and more.

How Rocks Formed Song(Sing to the tune of “Row, Row, Row Your Boat”)

Sedimentary rock

Has been formed in layers

Often found near water sources

With fossils from decayers

Then there’s igneous rock

Here since Earth was born

Molten lava, cooled and hardened

That’s how it formed

These two types of rocks,

Can also be transformed

With pressure, heat, and chemicals

Metamorphic they’ll become http://geology.com/rocks/

Adapted from Utah Elem. CORE Academy 2006

What’s this Rock: Reference Sheet

1. Igneous:•Cools very fast = glassy with holes•Cools fast = glassy•Cools slow = small crystals•Cools very slow = large crystals

2. Sedimentary:•Loosely compacted Layers•Distinct particles Dull •Light Colored Light weight

3. Metamorphic:•Thick layers Tightly compacted •Blended colors Blurred particles•Shiny

(Adapted from Utah Elem. CORE Academy 2006)

Sample FCAT 2.0 Question1. Eddy is examining two igneous rocks. He observes that one rock is light-colored and one is dark-colored. Both rocks have very large crystals and are very coarse.

How can two rocks made by the same process be so different in color?

A. They contain different minerals.

B.They were made at different times.

C.They were worn down at different rates.

D.They cooled at different rates.

Sample FCAT 2.0 Question• Dr. Gonzalez is searching for recently-

formed igneous rocks for her collection. Where would this type of rock most likely be found?

 

A. in a deep cavern

B. on a sandy beach

C. near a volcano

D. at the mouth of a river

Sample FCAT 2.0 QuestionMetamorphic rocks are formed under great pressure or temperature. Which geologic process would make a metamorphic rock?

 

A.the sliding of a valley glacier

B.the deposition of sand by wind

C.the movement of Earth's crust

D.the removal of surface rock by water

Sample FCAT 2.0 Question

While hiking in the Everglades, Melissa finds the fossil of clam in a rock. In which type of rock would you most likely find a fossil?

A.Igneous

B.Metamorphic

C.Oceanic

D.Sedimentary