partial birth abortion supreme court decision 2007

Upload: castillo-ray

Post on 05-Apr-2018

221 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    1/73

    6OLS2SLQLRQ 2&72%(5 7(50

    6\OODEXV

    127( :KHUHLW LVIHDVLEOHDV\OODEXVKHDGQRWHZLOOEHUHOHDVHGDVLVEHLQJ GRQH LQFRQQHFWLRQZLWK WKLVFDVHDW WKHWLPH WKHRSLQLRQLV LVVXHG7KHV\OODEXVFRQVWLWXWHVQR SDUWRI WKHRSLQLRQRI WKH&RXUW EXWKDV EHHQSUHSDUHG E\WKH 5HSRUWHU RI 'HFLVLRQV IRU WKH FRQYHQLHQFH RI WKH UHDGHU6HH8QLWHG6WDWHVY'HWURLW7LPEHU/XPEHU&R86

    6835(0(&28572)7+(81,7('67$7(6

    6\OODEXV

    *21=$/(6$77251(

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    2/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    6\OODEXV

    PHGLFDODQGHWKLFDOFRQVHQVXVWKDWSDUWLDOELUWK DERUWLRQLV DJUXH

    VRPHDQGLQKXPDQHSURFHGXUHWKDWLVQHYHUPHGLFDOO\QHFHVVDU\DQG

    VKRXOGEHSURKLELWHG6HFRQGWKH$FWVODQJXDJHGLIIHUVIURPWKDWRI

    WKH1HEUDVNDVWDWXWHVWUXFNGRZQLQ6WHQEHUJ $PRQJRWKHUWKLQJV

    WKH$FWSURKLELWVNQRZLQJO\SHUIRUP>LQJ@DSDUWLDOELUWKDERUWLRQ

    WKDW LV >QRW@ QHFHVVDU\ WR VDYH WKH OLIH RI D PRWKHU 86&

    D ,WGHILQHVSDUWLDOELUWKDERUWLRQEDVD SURFH

    GXUHLQZKLFKWKHGRFWRU$GHOLEHUDWHO\DQGLQWHQWLRQDOO\YDJLQDOO\

    GHOLYHUVDOLYLQJIHWXVXQWLOLQWKHFDVHRIDKHDGILUVWSUHVHQWDWLRQ

    WKHHQWLUHIHWDOKHDGLVRXWVLGHWKH>PRWKHUV@ERG\RULQWKHFDVH

    RIEUHHFKSUHVHQWDWLRQDQ\SDUWRIWKHIHWDOWUXQNSDVWWKHQDYHOLV

    RXWVLGH WKH >PRWKHUV@ ERG\ IRU WKH SXUSRVH RI SHUIRUPLQJ DQ

    RYHUWDFWWKDWWKHSHUVRQNQRZVZLOONLOOWKHSDUWLDOO\GHOLYHUHGOLYLQJ

    IHWXVDQG%SHUIRUPVWKHRYHUWDFWRWKHUWKDQFRPSOHWLRQRIGHOLYHU\WKDWNLOOVWKHIHWXV

    ,Q 1R UHVSRQGHQW DERUWLRQ GRFWRUV FKDOOHQJHG WKH $FWV

    FRQVWLWXWLRQDOLW\RQLWVIDFHDQGWKH)HGHUDO'LVWULFW&RXUWJUDQWHGD

    SHUPDQHQW LQMXQFWLRQ SURKLELWLQJ SHWLWLRQHU $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO IURP

    HQIRUFLQJWKH$FWLQDOOFDVHVEXWWKRVHLQZKLFKWKHUHZDVQRGLVSXWH

    WKHIHWXV ZDVYLDEOH 7KHFRXUW IRXQG WKH$FW XQFRQVWLWXWLRQDO EH

    FDXVH LW ODFNHG DQ H[FHSWLRQ DOORZLQJ WKH SURKLELWHG SURFHGXUH

    ZKHUHQHFHVVDU\IRUWKHPRWKHUVKHDOWKDQGFRYHUHGQRWPHUHO\

    LQWDFW '( EXW DOVR RWKHU '(V $IILUPLQJ WKH (LJKWK &LUFXLW

    IRXQGWKDWDODFNRIFRQVHQVXVH[LVWHGLQWKHPHGLFDOFRPPXQLW\DVWR

    WKHEDQQHGSURFHGXUHVQHFHVVLW\DQGWKXV6WHQEHUJUHTXLUHGOHJLVOD

    WXUHVWRHUURQWKHVLGHRISURWHFWLQJZRPHQVKHDOWKE\LQFOXGLQJD

    KHDOWK H[FHSWLRQ ,Q 1R UHVSRQGHQW DERUWLRQ DGYRFDF\

    JURXSVEURXJKWVXLWFKDOOHQJLQJWKH$FW7KH'LVWULFW&RXUWHQMRLQHGWKH$WWRUQH\*HQHUDO IURPHQIRUFLQJ WKH$FW FRQFOXGLQJ LWZDV XQ

    FRQVWLWXWLRQDORQLWVIDFHEHFDXVHLWXQGXO\EXUGHQHGDZRPDQV

    DELOLW\WR FKRRVHD VHFRQGWULPHVWHUDERUWLRQ ZDVWRRYDJXHDQG

    ODFNHG D KHDOWK H[FHSWLRQ DV UHTXLUHG E\6WHQEHUJ 7KH 1LQWK

    &LUFXLWDJUHHGDQGDIILUPHG

    +HOG5HVSRQGHQWVKDYHQRWGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWWKH$FWDVDIDFLDOPDW

    WHULVYRLGIRUYDJXHQHVVRUWKDWLWLPSRVHVDQXQGXHEXUGHQRQD

    ZRPDQVULJKWWRDERUWLRQEDVHGRQLWVRYHUEUHDGWKRUODFNRIDKHDOWK

    H[FHSWLRQ3S

    7KH&DVH\&RXUWUHDIILUPHGZKDWLWWHUPHG5RHVWKUHHSDUWHV

    VHQWLDO KROGLQJ)LUVWD ZRPDQ KDVWKH ULJKW WR FKRRVH WR KDYHDQ

    DERUWLRQEHIRUHIHWDOYLDELOLW\DQGWRREWDLQLWZLWKRXWXQGXHLQWHUIHU

    HQFHIURPWKH6WDWH6HFRQGWKH6WDWHKDVWKHSRZHUWRUHVWULFWDERU

    WLRQV DIWHU YLDELOLW\ LI WKH ODZ FRQWDLQV H[FHSWLRQV IRU SUHJQDQFLHVHQGDQJHULQJWKHZRPDQVOLIHRUKHDOWK$QGWKLUGWKH6WDWHKDVOH

    JLWLPDWH LQWHUHVWV IURP WKH SUHJQDQF\V RXWVHW LQ SURWHFWLQJ WKH

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    3/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    6\OODEXV

    KHDOWK RI WKH ZRPDQ DQG WKH OLIH RI WKH IHWXV WKDW PD\ EHFRPH D

    FKLOG86DW7KRXJKDOOWKUHHDUHLPSOLFDWHGKHUHLWLV

    WKH WKLUG WKDW UHTXLUHV WKH PRVW H[WHQGHG GLVFXVVLRQ ,Q GHFLGLQJ

    ZKHWKHUWKH$FWIXUWKHUVWKH*RYHUQPHQWVOHJLWLPDWHLQWHUHVWLQSUR

    WHFWLQJIHWDOOLIHWKH&RXUWDVVXPHVLQWHUDOLDWKDWDQXQGXHEXU

    GHQRQWKHSUHYLDELOLW\DERUWLRQULJKWH[LVWVLIDUHJXODWLRQVSXUSRVH

    RUHIIHFWLVWRSODFHDVXEVWDQWLDOREVWDFOHLQWKH>ZRPDQV@SDWK LG

    DWEXWWKDW>U@HJXODWLRQVZKLFKGRQRPRUHWKDQFUHDWHDVWUXF

    WXUDOPHFKDQLVP E\ZKLFK WKH 6WDWH PD\ H[SUHVV SURIRXQGUH

    VSHFWIRUWKHOLIHRIWKHXQERUQDUHSHUPLWWHGLIWKH\DUHQRWDVXE

    VWDQWLDOREVWDFOHWR WKHZRPDQVH[HUFLVHRI WKHULJKWWRFKRRVHLG

    DW&DVH\ VWUXFNDEDODQFHWKDWZDVFHQWUDOWRLWVKROGLQJDQG

    WKH&RXUWDSSOLHV&DVH\VVWDQGDUGKHUH$FHQWUDOSUHPLVHRI&DVH\V

    MRLQW RSLQLRQWKDWWKH JRYHUQPHQWKDV D OHJLWLPDWHVXEVWDQWLDO LQWHUHVW LQ SUHVHUYLQJ DQG SURPRWLQJ IHWDO OLIHZRXOG EH UHSXGLDWHG

    ZHUHWKH&RXUWQRZWRDIILUPWKHMXGJPHQWVEHORZ3S

    7KH$FWRQLWVIDFHLVQRWYRLGIRUYDJXHQHVVDQGGRHVQRWLP

    SRVHDQXQGXHEXUGHQIURPDQ\RYHUEUHDGWK 3S

    D7KH$FWVWH[WGHPRQVWUDWHVWKDWLWUHJXODWHVDQGSURVFULEHV

    SHUIRUPLQJWKH LQWDFW '(SURFHGXUH )LUVWVLQFH WKHGRFWRUPXVW

    YDJLQDOO\ GHOLYH>U@ D OLYLQJ IHWXV E$ WKH $FW GRHV QRW

    UHVWULFWDERUWLRQVLQYROYLQJGHOLYHU\RIDQH[SLUHGIHWXVRUWKRVHQRW

    LQYROYLQJYDJLQDOGHOLYHU\HJK\VWHURWRP\RUK\VWHUHFWRP\$QGLW

    DSSOLHV ERWK SUHYLDELOLW\ DQG SRVWYLDELOLW\ EHFDXVH E\ FRPPRQ XQ

    GHUVWDQGLQJ DQGVFLHQWLILF WHUPLQRORJ\ D IHWXV LV D OLYLQJ RUJDQLVP

    ZLWKLQWKHZRPEZKHWKHURUQRWLWLVYLDEOHRXWVLGHWKHZRPE 6HF

    RQGEHFDXVHWKH$FWUHTXLUHVWKHOLYLQJIHWXVWREHGHOLYHUHGWRDVSH

    FLILFDQDWRPLFDOODQGPDUNGHSHQGLQJRQWKHIHWXVSUHVHQWDWLRQLELGDQDERUWLRQQRWLQYROYLQJVXFKSDUWLDOGHOLYHU\LVSHUPLWWHG7KLUG

    EHFDXVHWKHGRFWRUPXVWSHUIRUPDQRYHUWDFWRWKHUWKDQFRPSOHWLRQ

    RI GHOLYHU\ WKDW NLOOV WKH SDUWLDOO\ GHOLYHUHG IHWXV E%

    WKHRYHUWDFWPXVWEHVHSDUDWHIURPGHOLYHU\,WPXVWDOVRRFFXUDI

    WHU GHOLYHU\ WR DQ DQDWRPLFDO ODQGPDUN VLQFH NLOOLQJ WKH SDUWLDOO\

    GHOLYHUHGIHWXVZKHQUHDGLQFRQWH[WUHIHUVWRDIHWXVWKDWKDVEHHQ

    VRGHOLYHUHGLELG )RXUWKJLYHQWKH$FWVVFLHQWHUUHTXLUHPHQWVGH

    OLYHU\ RI D OLYLQJ IHWXVSDVW DQDQDWRPLFDO ODQGPDUNE\ DFFLGHQWRU

    LQDGYHUWHQFHLVQRWD FULPHEHFDXVHLWLVQRWGHOLEHUDW>H@DQGLQWHQ

    WLRQD>O@E$1RULVVXFKDGHOLYHU\SURKLELWHGLIWKHIHWXV

    >KDVQRW@EHHQGHOLYHUHGIRUWKHSXUSRVHRISHUIRUPLQJDQRYHUWDFW

    WKDWWKH>GRFWRU@NQRZVZLOONLOO>LW@,ELG 3S

    E7KH$FWLVQRWXQFRQVWLWXWLRQDOO\YDJXHRQLWVIDFH,WVDWLV

    ILHV ERWK UHTXLUHPHQWV RI WKH YRLGIRUYDJXHQHVV GRFWULQH )LUVW LW

    SURYLGHVGRFWRUVRIRUGLQDU\LQWHOOLJHQFHDUHDVRQDEOHRSSRUWXQLW\WR

    NQRZZKDWLVSURKLELWHG*UD\QHGY&LW\RI5RFNIRUG86

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    4/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    6\OODEXV

    VHWWLQJ IRUWK UHODWLYHO\ FOHDU JXLGHOLQHV DV WR SURKLELWHG FRQ

    GXFW DQGSURYLGLQJREMHFWLYHFULWHULD WRHYDOXDWHZKHWKHUDGRFWRU

    KDV SHUIRUPHG D SURKLELWHG SURFHGXUH3RVWHUV 1 7KLQJV /WG Y

    8QLWHG6WDWHV866HFRQGLWGRHVQRWHQFRXUDJH

    DUELWUDU\ RU GLVFULPLQDWRU\ HQIRUFHPHQW .ROHQGHU Y/DZVRQ

    86 ,WVDQDWRPLFDOODQGPDUNVHVWDEOLVKPLQLPDOJXLGH

    OLQHV WR JRYHUQ ODZ HQIRUFHPHQW6PLWK Y*RJXHQ 86

    DQGLWVVFLHQWHUUHTXLUHPHQWVQDUURZWKHVFRSHRILWVSURKLELWLRQ

    DQGOLPLW SURVHFXWRULDOGLVFUHWLRQ VHH.ROHQGHUVXSUDDW5H

    VSRQGHQWV DUELWUDU\ HQIRUFHPHQW DUJXPHQWV IXUWKHUPRUH DUH

    VRPHZKDW VSHFXODWLYH VLQFH WKLV LV D SUHHQIRUFHPHQW FKDOOHQJH

    3S

    F7KH&RXUWUHMHFWVUHVSRQGHQWVDUJXPHQWWKDWWKH$FWLPSRVHV

    DQXQGXHEXUGHQDVDIDFLDOPDWWHUEHFDXVHLWVUHVWULFWLRQVRQVHFRQGWULPHVWHUDERUWLRQVDUHWRREURDG3S

    L7KH$FWVWH[WGLVFORVHVWKDWLWSURKLELWVDGRFWRUIURPLQWHQ

    WLRQDOO\SHUIRUPLQJDQLQWDFW'(,WVGXDOSURKLELWLRQVFRUUHVSRQG

    ZLWKWKHVWHSVJHQHUDOO\XQGHUWDNHQLQWKLVSURFHGXUH7KHGRFWRU

    GHOLYHUVWKHIHWXVXQWLOLWVKHDGORGJHVLQWKHFHUYL[XVXDOO\SDVWWKH

    DQDWRPLFDO ODQGPDUN IRU D EUHHFK SUHVHQWDWLRQ VHH E$

    DQGSURFHHGVWRWKHRYHUWDFWRISLHUFLQJRUFUXVKLQJWKHIHWDOVNXOO

    DIWHU WKHSDUWLDOGHOLYHU\ VHHE% 7KH$FWVVFLHQWHUUH

    TXLUHPHQWVOLPLWLWVUHDFKWRWKRVHSK\VLFLDQVZKRFDUU\RXWWKHLQ

    WDFW'(ZLWKWKHLQWHQWWRXQGHUWDNHERWKVWHSVDWWKHRXWVHW7KH

    $FW H[FOXGHV PRVW '(V LQ ZKLFK WKH GRFWRU LQWHQGV WR UHPRYH WKH

    IHWXVLQSLHFHVIURPWKHRXWVHW7KLVLQWHUSUHWDWLRQLVFRQILUPHGE\

    FRPSDULQJWKH$FWZLWKWKH1HEUDVNDVWDWXWHLQ6WHQEHUJ7KHUHWKH

    &RXUWFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKHVWDWXWHHQFRPSDVVHG'(ZKLFKRIWHQLQYROYH>V@DSK\VLFLDQSXOOLQJD VXEVWDQWLDOSRUWLRQRID VWLOOOLYLQJIH

    WXVVD\DQDUPRUOHJLQWRWKHYDJLQDSULRUWRWKHGHDWKRIWKH

    IHWXV 86 DW DQG UHMHFWHG WKH 1HEUDVND$WWRUQH\*HQ

    HUDOVOLPLWLQJLQWHUSUHWDWLRQWKDWWKHVWDWXWHVUHIHUHQFHWRDSURFH

    GXUHWKDWNLOO>V@WKHXQERUQFKLOGZDVWRDGLVWLQFWSURFHGXUHQRW

    WRWKHDERUWLRQSURFHGXUHDVDZKROH LGDW,WLVDSSDUHQW&RQ

    JUHVVUHVSRQGHGWRWKHVHFRQFHUQVEHFDXVHWKH$FWDGRSWVWKHSKUDVH

    GHOLYHUVDOLYLQJIHWXV86&E$LQVWHDGRIGHOLY

    HULQJDOLYLQJXQERUQFKLOGRUDVXEVWDQWLDOSRUWLRQWKHUHRI

    86DW WKHUHE\WDUJHWLQJ H[WUDFWLRQ RI DQ HQWLUH IHWXV UDWKHU

    WKDQUHPRYDORIIHWDOSLHFHVLGHQWLILHVVSHFLILFDQDWRPLFDOODQGPDUNV

    WRZKLFKWKHIHWXVPXVWEHSDUWLDOO\GHOLYHUHGE$WKHUHE\

    FODULI\LQJWKDWWKHUHPRYDORIDVPDOOSRUWLRQRIWKH IHWXVLVQRWSUR

    KLELWHGUHTXLUHVWKHIHWXVWR EHGHOLYHUHGVRWKDWLWLVSDUWLDOO\RXW

    VLGH WKH >PRWKHUV@ ERG\ E$ WKHUHE\ HVWDEOLVKLQJ WKDW

    GHOLYHULQJDVXEVWDQWLDOSRUWLRQRIWKHIHWXVLQWRWKHYDJLQDZRXOGQRW

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    5/73

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    6/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    6\OODEXV

    UHFRJQL]HVWKDWUHVSHFWIRUKXPDQOLIHILQGVDQXOWLPDWHH[SUHVVLRQLQ

    DPRWKHUVORYHIRUKHUFKLOG:KHWKHUWRKDYHDQDERUWLRQUHTXLUHVD

    GLIILFXOW DQG SDLQIXO PRUDO GHFLVLRQ&DVH\ 86 DW

    ZKLFK VRPH ZRPHQ FRPH WR UHJUHW ,Q D GHFLVLRQ VR IUDXJKW ZLWK

    HPRWLRQDOFRQVHTXHQFHVRPHGRFWRUVPD\SUHIHUQRWWR GLVFORVHSUH

    FLVHGHWDLOVRIWKHDERUWLRQSURFHGXUHWREHXVHG,WLVKRZHYHUSUH

    FLVHO\ WKLV ODFN RI LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW LV RI OHJLWLPDWH FRQFHUQ WR WKH

    6WDWH,GDW7KH6WDWHVLQWHUHVWLQUHVSHFWIRUOLIHLVDGYDQFHG

    E\ WKHGLDORJXHWKDW EHWWHU LQIRUPV WKHSROLWLFDO DQGOHJDO V\VWHPV

    WKHPHGLFDOSURIHVVLRQH[SHFWDQWPRWKHUVDQGVRFLHW\DVD ZKROHRI

    WKHFRQVHTXHQFHVWKDWIROORZIURPDGHFLVLRQWRHOHFWDODWHWHUPDERU

    WLRQ7KHREMHFWLRQWKDWWKH$FWDFFRPSOLVKHVOLWWOHEHFDXVHWKHVWDQ

    GDUG '( LV LQ VRPH UHVSHFWV DV EUXWDO LI QRW PRUH WKDQ LQWDFW

    '(LVXQSHUVXDVLYH,WZDVUHDVRQDEOHIRU&RQJUHVVWR WKLQNWKDWSDUWLDOELUWK DERUWLRQ PRUH WKDQ VWDQGDUG '( XQGHUPLQHV WKH

    SXEOLFV SHUFHSWLRQ RI WKH GRFWRUV DSSURSULDWH UROH GXULQJ GHOLYHU\

    DQGSHUYHUWVWKHELUWKSURFHVV3S

    E7KH $FWV IDLOXUH WRDOORZ WKHEDQQHG SURFHGXUHV XVHZKHUH

    QHFHVVDU\LQDSSURSULDWHPHGLFDOMXGJPHQWIRUSUHVHUYDWLRQRIWKH

    >PRWKHUV@ KHDOWK$\RWWHY3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRG RI1RUWKHUQ1HZ

    (QJ86GRHVQRWKDYHWKHHIIHFWRILPSRVLQJDQ

    XQFRQVWLWXWLRQDO EXUGHQ RQ WKH DERUWLRQULJKW 7KH&RXUW DVVXPHV

    WKH $FWV SURKLELWLRQ ZRXOG EH XQFRQVWLWXWLRQDO XQGHU FRQWUROOLQJ

    SUHFHGHQWVLILWVXEMHFW>HG@>ZRPHQ@WRVLJQLILFDQWKHDOWKULVNV ,G

    DW:KHWKHUWKH$FWFUHDWHVVXFKULVNVZDVKRZHYHUDFRQWHVWHG

    IDFWXDOTXHVWLRQEHORZ7KHHYLGHQFHSUHVHQWHGLQWKHWULDOFRXUWVDQG

    EHIRUH &RQJUHVV GHPRQVWUDWHV ERWK VLGHV KDYH PHGLFDO VXSSRUW IRU

    WKHLUSRVLWLRQV7KH&RXUWVSUHFHGHQWVLQVWUXFWWKDWWKH$FWFDQVXUYLYHIDFLDODWWDFNZKHQWKLVPHGLFDOXQFHUWDLQW\SHUVLVWV6HHHJ

    .DQVDVY+HQGULFNV86Q7KLVWUDGLWLRQDOUXOHLV

    FRQVLVWHQWZLWK&DVH\ZKLFKFRQILUPVERWKWKDWWKH6WDWHKDVDQLQ

    WHUHVWLQSURPRWLQJUHVSHFWIRUKXPDQOLIHDWDOOVWDJHVLQWKHSUHJ

    QDQF\DQGWKDWDERUWLRQGRFWRUVVKRXOGEHWUHDWHGWKHVDPHDVRWKHU

    GRFWRUV0HGLFDOXQFHUWDLQW\GRHVQRWIRUHFORVHWKHH[HUFLVHRI OHJLV

    ODWLYHSRZHULQWKHDERUWLRQFRQWH[WDQ\PRUHWKDQLWGRHVLQRWKHU

    FRQWH[WV 2WKHU FRQVLGHUDWLRQVDOVR VXSSRUW WKH&RXUWVFRQFOXVLRQ

    LQFOXGLQJWKHIDFWWKDWVDIHDOWHUQDWLYHVWRWKHSURKLELWHGSURFHGXUH

    VXFKDV'(DUHDYDLODEOH,QDGGLWLRQLILQWDFW'(LVWUXO\QHFHV

    VDU\LQVRPHFLUFXPVWDQFHVDSULRULQMHFWLRQWRNLOOWKHIHWXVDOORZVD

    GRFWRUWRSHUIRUPWKHSURFHGXUHJLYHQWKDWWKH$FWVSURKLELWLRQRQO\

    DSSOLHVWRWKHGHOLYHU\RIDOLYLQJIHWXV86&E$

    3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRGRI&HQWUDO0RY'DQIRUWK86

    GLVWLQJXLVKHG 7KH&RXUW UHMHFWV FHUWDLQ RI WKHSDUWLHVDUJXPHQWV

    2Q WKH RQH KDQG WKH $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDOV FRQWHQWLRQ WKDW WKH $FW

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    7/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    6\OODEXV

    VKRXOGEHXSKHOGEDVHGRQWKHFRQJUHVVLRQDOILQGLQJVDORQHIDLOVEH

    FDXVHVRPHRIWKH$FWVUHFLWDWLRQVDUHIDFWXDOO\LQFRUUHFWDQGVRPHRI

    WKHLPSRUWDQWILQGLQJVKDYHEHHQVXSHUVHGHG$OVRXQDYDLOLQJKRZ

    HYHU LV UHVSRQGHQWV FRQWHQWLRQ WKDW DQ DERUWLRQ UHJXODWLRQ PXVW

    FRQWDLQDKHDOWKH[FHSWLRQLIVXEVWDQWLDOPHGLFDODXWKRULW\VXSSRUWV

    WKHSURSRVLWLRQWKDWEDQQLQJDSDUWLFXODUSURFHGXUHFRXOGHQGDQJHU

    ZRPHQVKHDOWK6WHQEHUJ86DW,QWHUSUHWLQJ6WHQEHUJ

    DVOHDYLQJQRPDUJLQIRUOHJLVODWLYHHUURULQWKHIDFHRIPHGLFDOXQFHU

    WDLQW\LVWRRH[DFWLQJDVWDQGDUG0DUJLQDOVDIHW\FRQVLGHUDWLRQVLQ

    FOXGLQJ WKH EDODQFH RI ULVNV DUH ZLWKLQ WKH OHJLVODWLYH FRPSHWHQFH

    ZKHUH DV KHUH WKH UHJXODWLRQ LV UDWLRQDO DQG SXUVXHV OHJLWLPDWH

    HQGVDQGVWDQGDUGVDIHPHGLFDORSWLRQVDUHDYDLODEOH3S

    7KHVHIDFLDODWWDFNVVKRXOGQRWKDYHEHHQHQWHUWDLQHGLQWKHILUVW

    LQVWDQFH,QWKHVHFLUFXPVWDQFHVWKHSURSHUPHDQVWRFRQVLGHUH[FHSWLRQVLVE\DVDSSOLHGFKDOOHQJH&I:LVFRQVLQ5LJKWWR/LIH,QFY

    )HGHUDO(OHFWLRQ&RPPQ86BBBBBB7KLVLVWKHSURSHUPDQ

    QHUWRSURWHFWWKHZRPDQVKHDOWKLILWFDQEHVKRZQWKDWLQGLVFUHWH

    DQG ZHOOGHILQHG LQVWDQFHV D FRQGLWLRQ KDV RU LV OLNHO\ WR RFFXU LQ

    ZKLFK WKH SURFHGXUH SURKLELWHG E\ WKH $FW PXVW EH XVHG 1R DV

    DSSOLHGFKDOOHQJHQHHGEHEURXJKWLIWKH$FWVSURKLELWLRQWKUHDWHQVD

    ZRPDQVOLIH EHFDXVH WKH$FW DOUHDG\ FRQWDLQVD OLIHH[FHSWLRQ

    86&D3S

    1R)G)GUHYHUVHG

    .(11('

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    8/73

    BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

    BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    127,&( 7KLVRSLQLRQLVVXEMHFWWR IRUPDOUHYLVLRQEHIRUHSXEOLFDWLRQLQW KHSUHOLPLQDU\SULQWRI WKH8QLWHG6WDWHV5HSRUWV 5HDGHUVDUH UHTXHVWHGWRQRWLI\WKH5HSRUWHURI'HFLVLRQV6XSUHPH&RXUWRIWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV:DVKLQJWRQ '& RI DQ\W\SRJUDSKLFDORU RWKHU IRUPDO HUURUV LQ RUGHUWKDWFRUUHFWLRQVPD\EHPDGHEHIRUHWKHSUHOLPLQDU\SULQWJRHVWRSUHVV

    6835(0(&28572)7+(81,7('67$7(6

    1RVDQG

    $/%(5725*21=$/(6$77251(

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    9/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    WRZKLFKLWDSSOLHVDQGLQWKLVUHVSHFWPRUHSUHFLVHLQLWV

    FRYHUDJH :H FRQFOXGH WKH $FW VKRXOG EH VXVWDLQHG

    DJDLQVW WKH REMHFWLRQV ORGJHG E\ WKH EURDG IDFLDO DWWDFN

    EURXJKWDJDLQVWLW

    ,Q 1R &DUKDUW UHVSRQGHQWV DUH /H5R\

    &DUKDUW:LOOLDP*)LW]KXJK:LOOLDP+.QRUUDQG-LOO

    / 9LEKDNDU GRFWRUVZKR SHUIRUP VHFRQGWULPHVWHU DERU

    WLRQV 7KHVH GRFWRUV ILOHG WKHLU FRPSODLQW DJDLQVW WKH

    $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV LQ WKH 8QLWHG

    6WDWHV 'LVWULFW &RXUW IRUWKH'LVWULFW RI 1HEUDVND 7KH\

    FKDOOHQJHG WKH FRQVWLWXWLRQDOLW\ RI WKH $FW DQG VRXJKW D

    SHUPDQHQWLQMXQFWLRQDJDLQVWLWVHQIRUFHPHQW&DUKDUWY$VKFURIW)6XSSG ,Q DIWHU D

    ZHHNWULDOWKH'LVWULFW&RXUWJUDQWHGDSHUPDQHQWLQMXQF

    WLRQ WKDW SURKLELWHG WKH$WWRUQH\ *HQHUDOIURP HQIRUFLQJ

    WKH $FW LQDOOFDVHVEXWWKRVH LQZKLFK WKHUHZDV QRGLV

    SXWH WKH IHWXV ZDV YLDEOH ,G DW 7KH &RXUW RI

    $SSHDOV IRU WKH (LJKWK &LUFXLW DIILUPHG )G

    :HJUDQWHGFHUWLRUDUL86

    ,Q 1R 3ODQQHG 3DUHQWKRRG UHVSRQGHQWV DUH

    3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRG)HGHUDWLRQRI$PHULFD,QF3ODQQHG

    3DUHQWKRRG*ROGHQ*DWHDQGWKH&LW\DQG&RXQW\RI6DQ

    )UDQFLVFR 7KH 3ODQQHG 3DUHQWKRRG HQWLWLHV VRXJKW WRHQMRLQHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKH$FWLQDVXLWILOHGLQWKH8QLWHG

    6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUWIRUWKH 1RUWKHUQ'LVWULFWRI&DOLIRU

    QLD 3ODQQHG 3DUHQWKRRG )HGHUDWLRQ RI $PY$VKFURIW

    )6XSSG7KH&LW\DQG&RXQW\RI6DQ

    )UDQFLVFRLQWHUYHQHGDVD SODLQWLII ,QWKH 'LVWULFW

    &RXUW KHOG D WULDO VSDQQLQJ D SHULRG MXVW VKRUW RI WKUHH

    ZHHNV DQG LW WRR HQMRLQHG WKH $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO IURP

    HQIRUFLQJWKH$FW ,GDW 7KH&RXUWRI$SSHDOVIRU

    WKH 1LQWK &LUFXLW DIILUPHG )G :H

    JUDQWHGFHUWLRUDUL 86BBB

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    10/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    ,$

    7KH$FWSURVFULEHVDSDUWLFXODUPDQQHURIHQGLQJIHWDO

    OLIHVRLW LVQHFHVVDU\KHUHDVLW ZDVLQ6WHQEHUJWRGLV

    FXVV DERUWLRQ SURFHGXUHV LQ VRPH GHWDLO 7KUHH 8QLWHG

    6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUWVKHDUGH[WHQVLYHHYLGHQFHGHVFULELQJ

    WKHSURFHGXUHV,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHWZRFRXUWVLQYROYHGLQ

    WKH LQVWDQW FDVHV WKH 'LVWULFW &RXUW IRU WKH 6RXWKHUQ

    'LVWULFWRI1HZ

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    11/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    PRVW RFFXU LQ WKH VHFRQG WULPHVWHU 7KH VXUJLFDO SURFH

    GXUHUHIHUUHGWRDVGLODWLRQDQGHYDFXDWLRQRU'(LV

    WKH XVXDO DERUWLRQ PHWKRG LQ WKLV WULPHVWHU 3ODQQHG

    3DUHQWKRRG)6XSSGDW$OWKRXJKLQGL

    YLGXDOWHFKQLTXHVIRU SHUIRUPLQJ'( GLIIHUWKH JHQHUDO

    VWHSVDUHWKHVDPH

    $ GRFWRU PXVW ILUVW GLODWH WKH FHUYL[ DW OHDVW WR WKH H[

    WHQWQHHGHGWRLQVHUWVXUJLFDOLQVWUXPHQWVLQWRWKHXWHUXV

    DQGWRPDQHXYHUWKHPWRHYDFXDWHWKHIHWXV1DW$ERU

    WLRQ)HGHUDWLRQVXSUDDW$SSLQ1RDW

    7KHVWHSVWDNHQWRFDXVHGLODWLRQGLIIHUE\SK\VLFLDQDQG

    JHVWDWLRQDO DJH RI WKH IHWXV 6HH HJ &DUKDUW )6XSSGDW

    $GRFWRURIWHQEHJLQVWKHGLODWLRQ

    SURFHVV E\ LQVHUWLQJ RVPRWLF GLODWRUV VXFK DV ODPLQDULD

    VWLFNV RI VHDZHHG LQWR WKH FHUYL[ 7KH GLODWRUV FDQ EH

    XVHGLQFRPELQDWLRQZLWKGUXJVVXFKDVPLVRSURVWROWKDW

    LQFUHDVHGLODWLRQ 7KHUHVXOWLQJDPRXQWRIGLODWLRQLVQRW

    XQLIRUP DQG D GRFWRU GRHV QRW NQRZLQ DGYDQFHKRZ DQ

    LQGLYLGXDO SDWLHQW ZLOO UHVSRQG ,Q JHQHUDO WKH ORQJHU

    GLODWRUVUHPDLQLQWKHFHUYL[WKHPRUHLWZLOOGLODWH

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    12/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    RXW RI WKH ZRPDQ 7KH SURFHVV RI HYDFXDWLQJ WKH IHWXV

    SLHFH E\ SLHFH FRQWLQXHV XQWLO LW KDV EHHQ FRPSOHWHO\ UH

    PRYHG $GRFWRU PD\PDNHWRSDVVHVZLWKWKHIRU

    FHSV WR HYDFXDWH WKH IHWXV LQ LWV HQWLUHW\ WKRXJK VRPH

    WLPHVUHPRYDOLVFRPSOHWHGZLWKIHZHUSDVVHV2QFHWKH

    IHWXVKDVEHHQHYDFXDWHGWKHSODFHQWDDQGDQ\UHPDLQLQJ

    IHWDOPDWHULDODUHVXFWLRQHGRUVFUDSHGRXWRIWKHXWHUXV

    7KH GRFWRU H[DPLQHV WKH GLIIHUHQW SDUWV WR HQVXUH WKH

    HQWLUH IHWDO ERG\KDVEHHQ UHPRYHG 6HHHJ1DW$ERU

    WLRQ)HGHUDWLRQVXSUDDW3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRGVXSUD

    DW

    6RPH GRFWRUV HVSHFLDOO\ ODWHU LQ WKH VHFRQG WULPHVWHUPD\ NLOO WKH IHWXV D GD\ RU WZR EHIRUH SHUIRUPLQJ WKH

    VXUJLFDO HYDFXDWLRQ 7KH\ LQMHFW GLJR[LQ RU SRWDVVLXP

    FKORULGHLQWRWKHIHWXVWKHXPELOLFDOFRUGRUWKHDPQLRWLF

    IOXLG )HWDO GHPLVH PD\ FDXVH FRQWUDFWLRQV DQG PDNH

    JUHDWHUGLODWLRQSRVVLEOH 2QFHGHDGPRUHRYHUWKHIHWXV

    ERG\ ZLOO VRIWHQ DQG LWV UHPRYDO ZLOO EH HDVLHU 2WKHU

    GRFWRUVUHIUDLQIURPLQMHFWLQJFKHPLFDODJHQWVEHOLHYLQJLW

    DGGVULVNZLWKOLWWOHRUQRPHGLFDOEHQHILW&DUKDUWVXSUD

    DW1DW$ERUWLRQ)HGHUDWLRQVXSUD DW

    7KH DERUWLRQ SURFHGXUH WKDW ZDV WKH LPSHWXV IRU WKH

    QXPHURXV EDQV RQ SDUWLDOELUWK DERUWLRQ LQFOXGLQJ WKH$FWLVDYDULDWLRQRIWKLVVWDQGDUG'(6HH0+DVNHOO

    'LODWLRQ DQG([WUDFWLRQ IRU/DWH 6HFRQG 7ULPHVWHU $ERU

    WLRQ $SSHOODQWV $SS LQ 1R &$ S

    KHUHLQDIWHU 'LODWLRQ DQG ([WUDFWLRQ 7KH PHGLFDO

    FRPPXQLW\KDVQRWUHDFKHGXQDQLPLW\RQWKHDSSURSULDWH

    QDPHIRUWKLV '( YDULDWLRQ ,WKDVEHHQ UHIHUUHG WRDV

    LQWDFW'(GLODWLRQDQGH[WUDFWLRQ';DQGLQWDFW

    '; 1DW$ERUWLRQ)HGHUDWLRQVXSUDDWQVHH

    DOVR ) &XQQLQJKDP HWDO :LOOLDPV 2EVWHWULFV G

    HG LGHQWLI\LQJ WKH SURFHGXUH DV '; 'DQIRUWKV

    2EVWHWULFV DQG *\QHFRORJ\ - 6FRWW 5 *LEEV %

    .DUODQ $ +DQH\ HGV WK HG LGHQWLI\LQJ WKHSURFHGXUH DV LQWDFW '; 0 3DXO ( /LFKWHQEHUJ /

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    13/73

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    14/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    H[HUWWUDFWLRQWRUHWULHYHWKHIHWXVLQWDFWXQWLOWKHKHDGLV

    ORGJHGLQWKH>FHUYL[@ &DUKDUW)6XSSGDW

    ,QWDFW'(JDLQHGSXEOLFQRWRULHW\ZKHQLQ'U

    0DUWLQ+DVNHOOJDYHDSUHVHQWDWLRQGHVFULELQJKLVPHWKRG

    RISHUIRUPLQJWKHRSHUDWLRQ'LODWLRQDQG([WUDFWLRQ

    ,QWKHXVXDOLQWDFW'(WKHIHWXVKHDGORGJHVLQWKH

    FHUYL[DQGGLODWLRQLVLQVXIILFLHQWWRDOORZLWWRSDVV6HH

    HJ LELG $SS LQ 1R DW $SS LQ 1R

    DW +DVNHOO H[SODLQHG WKH QH[W VWHS DV

    IROORZV

    $W WKLV SRLQW WKH ULJKWKDQGHG VXUJHRQ VOLGHV WKHILQJHUV RI WKH OHIW >KDQG@ DORQJ WKH EDFN RI WKH IHWXV

    DQGKRRNVWKHVKRXOGHUVRIWKHIHWXVZLWKWKHLQGH[

    DQGULQJILQJHUVSDOPGRZQ

    :KLOH PDLQWDLQLQJ WKLV WHQVLRQ OLIWLQJ WKH FHUYL[

    DQG DSSO\LQJ WUDFWLRQ WR WKH VKRXOGHUV ZLWK WKH ILQ

    JHUVRIWKHOHIWKDQGWKHVXUJHRQWDNHVDSDLURIEOXQW

    FXUYHG 0HW]HQEDXP VFLVVRUV LQ WKH ULJKW KDQG +H

    FDUHIXOO\ DGYDQFHV WKH WLS FXUYHG GRZQ DORQJ WKH

    VSLQHDQGXQGHUKLVPLGGOHILQJHUXQWLOKHIHHOVLWFRQ

    WDFWWKHEDVHRIWKHVNXOOXQGHUWKHWLSRIKLVPLGGOH

    ILQJHU>7@KHVXUJHRQWKHQIRUFHVWKHVFLVVRUVLQWRWKHEDVH

    RI WKH VNXOO RU LQWR WKH IRUDPHQ PDJQXP +DYLQJ

    VDIHO\ HQWHUHG WKH VNXOO KH VSUHDGV WKH VFLVVRUV WR

    HQODUJHWKHRSHQLQJ

    7KH VXUJHRQ UHPRYHV WKHVFLVVRUV DQGLQWURGXFHV D

    VXFWLRQFDWKHWHULQWRWKLVKROHDQGHYDFXDWHVWKHVNXOO

    FRQWHQWV :LWK WKH FDWKHWHU VWLOOLQSODFHKHDSSOLHV

    WUDFWLRQWR WKHIHWXVUHPRYLQJLWFRPSOHWHO\IURPWKH

    SDWLHQW+55HS1RS

    7KLVLVDQDERUWLRQGRFWRUVFOLQLFDOGHVFULSWLRQ+HUHLV

    DQRWKHUGHVFULSWLRQIURPDQXUVHZKRZLWQHVVHGWKHVDPH

    PHWKRGSHUIRUPHGRQD ZHHNIHWXVDQGZKRWHVWLILHG

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    15/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    EHIRUHWKH6HQDWH-XGLFLDU\&RPPLWWHH

    'U+DVNHOOZHQWLQZLWKIRUFHSVDQGJUDEEHGWKH

    EDE\VOHJVDQGSXOOHGWKHPGRZQLQWRWKHELUWKFDQDO

    7KHQ KH GHOLYHUHG WKH EDE\V ERG\ DQG WKH DUPV

    HYHU\WKLQJ EXW WKH KHDG 7KH GRFWRU NHSW WKH KHDG

    ULJKWLQVLGHWKHXWHUXV

    7KH EDE\V OLWWOH ILQJHUV ZHUH FODVSLQJ DQG XQ

    FODVSLQJ DQG KLV OLWWOH IHHW ZHUH NLFNLQJ 7KHQ WKH

    GRFWRUVWXFNWKHVFLVVRUVLQWKHEDFNRIKLVKHDGDQG

    WKHEDE\VDUPVMHUNHGRXWOLNHDVWDUWOHUHDFWLRQOLNH

    DIOLQFKOLNHDEDE\GRHVZKHQKHWKLQNVKHLVJRLQJWR

    IDOO

    7KH GRFWRU RSHQHG XS WKH VFLVVRUV VWXFN D KLJK

    SRZHUHGVXFWLRQWXEHLQWRWKHRSHQLQJDQGVXFNHGWKH

    EDE\V EUDLQV RXW 1RZ WKH EDE\ ZHQW FRPSOHWHO\

    OLPS

    +H FXW WKH XPELOLFDO FRUG DQG GHOLYHUHG WKH SOD

    FHQWD +H WKUHZ WKH EDE\ LQ D SDQ DORQJ ZLWK WKH

    SODFHQWD DQG WKH LQVWUXPHQWV KH KDG MXVW XVHG

    ,ELG

    'U+DVNHOOVDSSURDFKLVQRWWKHRQO\PHWKRGRINLOOLQJ

    WKHIHWXVRQFHLWVKHDGORGJHVLQWKHFHUYL[DQGWKHSURF

    HVVKDVHYROYHGVLQFHKLVSUHVHQWDWLRQ3ODQQHG3DUHQW

    KRRG)6XSSGDW$QRWKHUGRFWRUIRUH[DP

    SOH VTXHH]HV WKH VNXOO DIWHU LWKDV EHHQ SLHUFHGVR WKDW

    HQRXJK EUDLQ WLVVXH H[XGHV WR DOORZ WKH KHDG WR SDVV

    WKURXJK $SS LQ 1R DW VHH DOVR&DUKDUW

    VXSUDDW6WLOORWKHUSK\VLFLDQVUHDFKLQWR

    WKH FHUYL[ ZLWK WKHLU IRUFHSV DQG FUXVK WKH IHWXV VNXOO

    &DUKDUW VXSUD DW 2WKHUV FRQWLQXH WRSXOO WKH

    IHWXVRXWRIWKHZRPDQXQWLOLWGLVDUWLFXODWHVDWWKHQHFN

    LQ HIIHFW GHFDSLWDWLQJ LW 7KHVH GRFWRUV WKHQ JUDVS WKH

    KHDG ZLWK IRUFHSV FUXVK LW DQG UHPRYH LW ,G DW

    VHHDOVR3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRGVXSUDDW6RPH GRFWRUV SHUIRUPLQJ DQ LQWDFW '( DWWHPSW WR

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    16/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    UHPRYH WKH IHWXV ZLWKRXW FROODSVLQJ WKH VNXOO 6HH

    &DUKDUW VXSUD DW KLV@ SURFHGXUH LV WR SHUIRUP DQ

    DERUWLRQ QRW DELUWK $SS LQ1RDW

    7KHGRFWRUWKXVDQVZHUHGLQWKHDIILUPDWLYHZKHQDVNHG

    ZKHWKHU KH ZRXOG KROG WKH IHWXV KHDG RQ WKH LQWHUQDO

    VLGHRIWKH>FHUYL[@LQRUGHUWRFROODSVHWKHVNXOODQGNLOO

    WKHIHWXVEHIRUHLWLVERUQ ,GDWVHHDOVR&DUKDUW

    VXSUDDW$QRWKHUGRFWRUWHVWLILHGKHFUXVKHVD

    IHWXV VNXOO QRW RQO\ WRUHGXFHLWV VL]H EXW DOVR WRHQVXUH

    WKHIHWXVLVGHDGEHIRUHLWLVUHPRYHG)RUWKHVWDIIWRKDYHWR GHDO ZLWK D IHWXV WKDW KDV VRPH YLDELOLW\ WR LW VRPH

    PRYHPHQWRIOLPEVDFFRUGLQJWRWKLVGRFWRU>LV@DOZD\VD

    GLIILFXOW VLWXDWLRQ $SS LQ 1R DW VHH

    &DUKDUWVXSUDDW

    '(DQGLQWDFW'(DUHQRWWKHRQO\VHFRQGWULPHVWHU

    DERUWLRQPHWKRGV 'RFWRUVDOVRPD\DERUWDIHWXVWKURXJK

    PHGLFDO LQGXFWLRQ 7KH GRFWRU PHGLFDWHV WKH ZRPDQ WR

    LQGXFH ODERU DQG FRQWUDFWLRQV RFFXU WR GHOLYHU WKH IHWXV

    ,QGXFWLRQ ZKLFK XQOLNH '( VKRXOG RFFXU LQ D KRVSLWDO

    FDQODVWDVOLWWOHDVKRXUVEXWFDQWDNHORQJHUWKDQ,W

    DFFRXQWV IRU DERXW ILYH SHUFHQW RI VHFRQGWULPHVWHU DERUWLRQVEHIRUHZHHNVRIJHVWDWLRQDQGSHUFHQWRIWKRVH

    DIWHU ZHHNV 'RFWRUV WXUQ WR WZR RWKHU PHWKRGV RI

    VHFRQGWULPHVWHUDERUWLRQK\VWHURWRP\DQGK\VWHUHFWRP\

    RQO\LQHPHUJHQF\VLWXDWLRQVEHFDXVHWKH\FDUU\LQFUHDVHG

    ULVN RIFRPSOLFDWLRQV ,QD K\VWHURWRP\ DVLQ DFHVDUHDQ

    VHFWLRQ WKH GRFWRU UHPRYHV WKH IHWXV E\ PDNLQJ DQLQFL

    VLRQWKURXJKWKHDEGRPHQDQGXWHULQHZDOOWRJDLQDFFHVV

    WR WKH XWHULQH FDYLW\ $ K\VWHUHFWRP\ UHTXLUHV WKH UH

    PRYDO RIWKHHQWLUH XWHUXV 7KHVH WZR SURFHGXUHVUHSUH

    VHQWDERXWRIVHFRQGWULPHVWHUDERUWLRQV 1DW$ERU

    WLRQ )HGHUDWLRQ )6XSS G DW 3ODQQHG

    3DUHQWKRRGVXSUDDW

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    17/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    %

    $IWHU 'U +DVNHOOV SURFHGXUH UHFHLYHG SXEOLF DWWHQWLRQ

    ZLWKHQVXLQJDQGLQFUHDVLQJSXEOLFFRQFHUQEDQVRQSDU

    WLDOELUWKDERUWLRQ SUROLIHUDWHG %\WKHWLPHRIWKH6WHQ

    EHUJGHFLVLRQDERXW6WDWHVKDGHQDFWHGEDQVGHVLJQHG

    WRSURKLELWWKHSURFHGXUH 86DWDQGQQ

    7+20$6 - GLVVHQWLQJ VHH DOVR +5 5HS 1R

    DW,Q&RQJUHVVDOVRDFWHGWREDQSDU

    WLDOELUWKDERUWLRQ 3UHVLGHQW&OLQWRQYHWRHGWKHFRQJUHV

    VLRQDO OHJLVODWLRQ DQG WKH 6HQDWH IDLOHG WR RYHUULGH WKH

    YHWR &RQJUHVV DSSURYHG DQRWKHUELOO EDQQLQJWKH SURFH

    GXUH LQ EXW 3UHVLGHQW &OLQWRQ DJDLQ YHWRHG LW ,Q

    DIWHU WKLV &RXUWV GHFLVLRQ LQ 6WHQEHUJ &RQJUHVV

    SDVVHG WKH $FW DW LVVXH KHUH +55HS 1R DW

    2Q1RYHPEHU3UHVLGHQW%XVKVLJQHGWKH

    $FW LQWR ODZ ,W ZDV WR WDNH HIIHFW WKH IROORZLQJ GD\

    86&DHG6XSS,9

    7KH $FW UHVSRQGHG WR 6WHQEHUJ LQ WZR ZD\V )LUVW

    &RQJUHVV PDGH IDFWXDO ILQGLQJV &RQJUHVV GHWHUPLQHG

    WKDW WKLV &RXUW LQ6WHQEHUJ ZDV UHTXLUHG WR DFFHSW WKH

    YHU\ TXHVWLRQDEOH ILQGLQJV LVVXHG E\ WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW

    MXGJH 6WDW QRWHV IROORZLQJ 86&

    HG 6XSS ,9 S &RQJUHVVLRQDO)LQGLQJVEXWWKDW&RQJUHVVZDVQRWERXQGWRDFFHSWWKH

    VDPHIDFWXDOILQGLQJVLELG &RQJUHVVIRXQGDPRQJ

    RWKHUWKLQJVWKDW>D@PRUDOPHGLFDODQGHWKLFDOFRQVHQ

    VXV H[LVWV WKDW WKH SUDFWLFH RI SHUIRUPLQJ D SDUWLDOELUWK

    DERUWLRQLVDJUXHVRPHDQGLQKXPDQHSURFHGXUHWKDW

    LV QHYHU PHGLFDOO\ QHFHVVDU\ DQG VKRXOG EH SURKLELWHG

    ,GDW

    6HFRQG DQG PRUH UHOHYDQW KHUH WKH $FWV ODQJXDJH

    GLIIHUVIURPWKDWRIWKH1HEUDVNDVWDWXWHVWUXFNGRZQLQ

    6WHQEHUJ 6HH 86 DW TXRWLQJ 1HE 5HY

    6WDW $QQ 6XSS 7KH

    RSHUDWLYHSURYLVLRQVRIWKH$FWSURYLGHLQUHOHYDQWSDUW

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    18/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    D $Q\SK\VLFLDQZKRLQRUDIIHFWLQJLQWHUVWDWHRU

    IRUHLJQFRPPHUFHNQRZLQJO\SHUIRUPVDSDUWLDOELUWK

    DERUWLRQ DQG WKHUHE\ NLOOV D KXPDQ IHWXV VKDOO EH

    ILQHGXQGHUWKLVWLWOHRULPSULVRQHGQRWPRUHWKDQ

    \HDUV RU ERWK 7KLV VXEVHFWLRQ GRHV QRW DSSO\ WR D

    SDUWLDOELUWKDERUWLRQWKDWLVQHFHVVDU\WRVDYHWKHOLIH

    RI D PRWKHU ZKRVH OLIH LV HQGDQJHUHG E\ D SK\VLFDO

    GLVRUGHUSK\VLFDOLOOQHVVRUSK\VLFDOLQMXU\LQFOXGLQJ

    D OLIHHQGDQJHULQJ SK\VLFDO FRQGLWLRQ FDXVHG E\ RU

    DULVLQJ IURP WKH SUHJQDQF\ LWVHOI 7KLV VXEVHFWLRQ

    WDNHVHIIHFWGD\DIWHUWKHHQDFWPHQW

    E $VXVHGLQWKLVVHFWLRQ WKH WHUP SDUWLDOELUWK DERUWLRQ PHDQV DQ DERU

    WLRQLQZKLFKWKHSHUVRQSHUIRUPLQJWKHDERUWLRQ

    $ GHOLEHUDWHO\ DQG LQWHQWLRQDOO\ YDJLQDOO\ GHOLYHUV

    DOLYLQJIHWXVXQWLOLQWKHFDVHRIDKHDGILUVWSUHVHQ

    WDWLRQWKHHQWLUHIHWDOKHDGLVRXWVLGHWKHERG\RIWKH

    PRWKHU RU LQ WKH FDVH RI EUHHFK SUHVHQWDWLRQ DQ\

    SDUW RI WKH IHWDO WUXQN SDVW WKH QDYHO LV RXWVLGH WKH

    ERG\RIWKHPRWKHUIRUWKHSXUSRVHRISHUIRUPLQJDQ

    RYHUWDFWWKDWWKHSHUVRQNQRZVZLOONLOOWKHSDUWLDOO\

    GHOLYHUHGOLYLQJIHWXVDQG

    % SHUIRUPVWKHRYHUWDFWRWKHUWKDQFRPSOHWLRQRIGHOLYHU\WKDWNLOOVWKHSDUWLDOO\GHOLYHUHGOLYLQJIHWXV

    DQG

    WKH WHUP SK\VLFLDQ PHDQV D GRFWRU RI PHGLFLQH

    RURVWHRSDWK\ OHJDOO\DXWKRUL]HGWR SUDFWLFH PHGLFLQH

    DQGVXUJHU\E\WKH6WDWHLQZKLFKWKHGRFWRUSHUIRUPV

    VXFK DFWLYLW\ RU DQ\RWKHU LQGLYLGXDO OHJDOO\DXWKRU

    L]HGE\WKH6WDWHWRSHUIRUPDERUWLRQV3URYLGHGKRZ

    HYHU7KDWDQ\LQGLYLGXDOZKRLVQRWDSK\VLFLDQRUQRW

    RWKHUZLVH OHJDOO\ DXWKRUL]HG E\ WKH 6WDWH WR SHUIRUP

    DERUWLRQV EXW ZKR QHYHUWKHOHVV GLUHFWO\ SHUIRUPV D

    SDUWLDOELUWK DERUWLRQ VKDOO EH VXEMHFW WR WKH SURYL

    VLRQVRIWKLVVHFWLRQ

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    19/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    G $ GHIHQGDQW DFFXVHG RI DQ RIIHQVH XQGHU WKLV

    VHFWLRQPD\VHHN D KHDULQJEHIRUH WKH6WDWH 0HGLFDO

    %RDUGRQ ZKHWKHUWKHSK\VLFLDQV FRQGXFWZDVQHFHV

    VDU\WRVDYHWKHOLIHRIWKHPRWKHUZKRVHOLIHZDVHQ

    GDQJHUHG E\ D SK\VLFDO GLVRUGHU SK\VLFDO LOOQHVV RU

    SK\VLFDOLQMXU\LQFOXGLQJDOLIHHQGDQJHULQJSK\VLFDO

    FRQGLWLRQ FDXVHG E\ RU DULVLQJ IURP WKH SUHJQDQF\

    LWVHOI

    7KHILQGLQJVRQWKDWLVVXHDUHDGPLVVLEOHRQWKDW

    LVVXHDW WKHWULDORI WKHGHIHQGDQW 8SRQ DPRWLRQRI

    WKHGHIHQGDQWWKHFRXUWVKDOOGHOD\WKHEHJLQQLQJRI

    WKH WULDO IRU QRW PRUHWKDQGD\VWR SHUPLW VXFK DKHDULQJWRWDNHSODFH

    H $ ZRPDQ XSRQ ZKRP D SDUWLDOELUWKDERUWLRQ LV

    SHUIRUPHGPD\QRWEHSURVHFXWHGXQGHUWKLVVHFWLRQ

    IRU D FRQVSLUDF\ WR YLRODWH WKLV VHFWLRQ RU IRU DQ RI

    IHQVH XQGHUVHFWLRQ RU RI WKLVWLWOH EDVHG RQD

    YLRODWLRQRIWKLVVHFWLRQ 86&HG

    6XSS,9

    7KH$FWDOVRLQFOXGHVDSURYLVLRQDXWKRUL]LQJFLYLODFWLRQV

    WKDWLVQRWRIUHOHYDQFHKHUH F

    &7KH 'LVWULFW &RXUW LQ&DUKDUW FRQFOXGHG WKH $FW ZDV

    XQFRQVWLWXWLRQDOIRUWZRUHDVRQV )LUVWLWGHWHUPLQHGWKH

    $FW ZDV XQFRQVWLWXWLRQDO EHFDXVH LW ODFNHG DQ H[FHSWLRQ

    DOORZLQJ WKHSURFHGXUHZKHUHQHFHVVDU\IRU WKHKHDOWKRI

    WKHPRWKHU )6XSSGDW 6HFRQGWKH

    'LVWULFW &RXUW IRXQG WKH $FW GHILFLHQW EHFDXVH LW FRYHUHG

    QRWPHUHO\LQWDFW'(EXWDOVRFHUWDLQRWKHU'(V,G

    DW

    7KH&RXUW RI $SSHDOVIRU WKH(LJKWK &LUFXLWDGGUHVVHG

    RQO\WKHODFNRIDKHDOWKH[FHSWLRQ )GDW

    7KHFRXUWEHJDQLWVDQDO\VLVZLWKZKDWLWVDZDVWKHDS

    SURSULDWHTXHVWLRQZKHWKHUVXEVWDQWLDOPHGLFDODXWKRULW\ VXSSRUWV WKH PHGLFDO QHFHVVLW\ RI WKH EDQQHG SURFH

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    20/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    GXUH ,G DW TXRWLQJ6WHQEHUJ 86 DW

    7KLVZDVWKHSURSHUIUDPHZRUNDFFRUGLQJWRWKH&RXUWRI

    $SSHDOV EHFDXVH ZKHQ D ODFN RI FRQVHQVXV H[LVWV LQ WKH

    PHGLFDOFRPPXQLW\WKH&RQVWLWXWLRQUHTXLUHVOHJLVODWXUHV

    WRHUURQWKHVLGHRISURWHFWLQJZRPHQVKHDOWKE\LQFOXG

    LQJ D KHDOWK H[FHSWLRQ )G DW 7KH FRXUW

    UHMHFWHG WKH $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDOV DWWHPSW WR GHPRQVWUDWH

    FKDQJHG HYLGHQWLDU\ FLUFXPVWDQFHV VLQFH 6WHQEHUJ DQG

    FRQVLGHUHG LWVHOI ERXQG E\ 6WHQEHUJV FRQFOXVLRQ WKDW D

    KHDOWKH[FHSWLRQZDVUHTXLUHG)GDWH[SODLQ

    LQJ>W@KHUHFRUGLQ>WKH@FDVHDQGWKHUHFRUGLQ 6WHQEHUJ

    >ZHUH@VLPLODU LQDOOVLJQLILFDQWUHVSHFWV ,WLQYDOLGDWHGWKH$FW ,ELG

    '

    7KH'LVWULFW&RXUWLQ3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRGFRQFOXGHGWKH

    $FW ZDVXQFRQVWLWXWLRQDO EHFDXVH LW SRVH>G@ DQXQGXH

    EXUGHQRQDZRPDQVDELOLW\ WRFKRRVHDVHFRQGWULPHVWHU

    DERUWLRQ >ZDV@ XQFRQVWLWXWLRQDOO\ YDJXH DQG UH

    TXLUH>G@DKHDOWKH[FHSWLRQDVVHWIRUWKE\ 6WHQEHUJ

    )6XSSGDW

    7KH&RXUWRI$SSHDOVIRUWKH1LQWK&LUFXLWDJUHHG/LNH

    WKH&RXUWRI$SSHDOVIRUWKH(LJKWK&LUFXLWLWFRQFOXGHG

    WKHDEVHQFHRIDKHDOWKH[FHSWLRQUHQGHUHGWKH$FWXQFRQ

    VWLWXWLRQDO 7KH FRXUW LQWHUSUHWHG 6WHQEHUJ WR UHTXLUH D

    KHDOWKH[FHSWLRQXQOHVVWKHUHLVFRQVHQVXVLQWKHPHGLFDO

    FRPPXQLW\ WKDWWKHEDQQHGSURFHGXUHLVQHYHUPHGLFDOO\

    QHFHVVDU\WRSUHVHUYHWKHKHDOWKRIZRPHQ )GDW

    (YHQ DIWHU DSSO\LQJ D GHIHUHQWLDO VWDQGDUG RI UH

    YLHZ WR &RQJUHVV IDFWXDO ILQGLQJV WKH &RXUW RI $SSHDOV

    GHWHUPLQHGVXEVWDQWLDOGLVDJUHHPHQWH[LVWVLQWKHPHGL

    FDOFRPPXQLW\UHJDUGLQJZKHWKHUWKHSURFHGXUHVSURKLE

    LWHGE\WKH$FWDUHHYHUQHFHVVDU\WRSUHVHUYHDZRPDQV

    KHDOWK ,GDW

    7KH &RXUW RI $SSHDOV FRQFOXGHG IXUWKHU WKDW WKH $FWSODFHGDQXQGXHEXUGHQRQDZRPDQVDELOLW\WRREWDLQD

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    21/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    VHFRQGWULPHVWHU DERUWLRQ 7KH FRXUW IRXQG WKH WH[WXDO

    GLIIHUHQFHV EHWZHHQ WKH $FW DQG WKH 1HEUDVND VWDWXWH

    VWUXFN GRZQ LQ6WHQEHUJ LQVXIILFLHQW WR GLVWLQJXLVK '(

    DQG LQWDFW '( )G DW $V D UHVXOW

    DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH &RXUW RI $SSHDOV WKH $FW LPSRVHG DQ

    XQGXH EXUGHQ EHFDXVH LW SURKLELWHG '( ,G DW

    )LQDOO\ WKH &RXUW RI $SSHDOV IRXQG WKH $FW YRLG IRU

    YDJXHQHVV ,G DW $ERUWLRQ GRFWRUV WHVWLILHG WKH\

    ZHUH XQFHUWDLQ ZKLFK SURFHGXUHV WKH$FW PDGH FULPLQDO

    7KHFRXUWWKXVFRQFOXGHGWKH$FW GLGQRWRIIHUSK\VLFLDQV

    FOHDUZDUQLQJRILWVUHJXODWRU\UHDFK,GDW5HVWLQJ RQ LWV XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH UHPHGLDO IUDPHZRUN

    HVWDEOLVKHGE\WKLV&RXUWLQ$\RWWHY3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRG

    RI1RUWKHUQ1HZ(QJ86WKH

    &RXUWRI$SSHDOVKHOGWKH$FWZDVXQFRQVWLWXWLRQDORQLWV

    IDFH DQG VKRXOG EH SHUPDQHQWO\ HQMRLQHG )G DW

    ,,

    7KHSULQFLSOHVVHWIRUWKLQWKHMRLQWRSLQLRQLQ3ODQQHG

    3DUHQWKRRG RI 6RXWKHDVWHUQ 3D Y &DVH\ 86

    GLG QRW ILQG VXSSRUW IURP DOO WKRVH ZKR MRLQ WKH

    LQVWDQW RSLQLRQ 6HH LG DW 6&$/,$ - MRLQHG

    E\7+20$6-LQWHUDOLRVFRQFXUULQJLQMXGJPHQWLQSDUW

    DQGGLVVHQWLQJLQSDUW :KDWHYHURQHVYLHZVFRQFHUQLQJ

    WKH&DVH\MRLQWRSLQLRQLWLVHYLGHQWDSUHPLVHFHQWUDOWR

    LWVFRQFOXVLRQWKDWWKHJRYHUQPHQWKDVDOHJLWLPDWHDQG

    VXEVWDQWLDO LQWHUHVW LQ SUHVHUYLQJ DQG SURPRWLQJ IHWDO

    OLIHZRXOG EH UHSXGLDWHG ZHUH WKH &RXUW QRZ WR DIILUP

    WKHMXGJPHQWVRIWKH&RXUWVRI$SSHDOV

    &DVH\LQYROYHGDFKDOOHQJHWR5RHY:DGH86

    7KHRSLQLRQFRQWDLQVWKLVVXPPDU\

    ,W PXVW EH VWDWHG DW WKH RXWVHW DQG ZLWK FODULW\

    WKDW5RHVHVVHQWLDOKROGLQJWKHKROGLQJ ZHUHDIILUPKDVWKUHHSDUWV )LUVW LVDUHFRJQLWLRQRIWKHULJKWRI

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    22/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    WKHZRPDQWRFKRRVHWRKDYHDQDERUWLRQEHIRUHYLDELO

    LW\DQGWR REWDLQ LW ZLWKRXWXQGXH LQWHUIHUHQFH IURP

    WKH 6WDWH %HIRUH YLDELOLW\ WKH 6WDWHV LQWHUHVWV DUH

    QRWVWURQJHQRXJKWRVXSSRUWDSURKLELWLRQRIDERUWLRQ

    RU WKH LPSRVLWLRQ RI D VXEVWDQWLDO REVWDFOH WR WKH

    ZRPDQVHIIHFWLYHULJKWWRHOHFWWKHSURFHGXUH 6HFRQG

    LVDFRQILUPDWLRQRIWKH6WDWHVSRZHUWRUHVWULFWDERU

    WLRQV DIWHU IHWDO YLDELOLW\ LI WKH ODZ FRQWDLQV H[FHS

    WLRQVIRUSUHJQDQFLHVZKLFKHQGDQJHUWKHZRPDQVOLIH

    RU KHDOWK $QG WKLUG LV WKH SULQFLSOH WKDW WKH 6WDWH

    KDV OHJLWLPDWH LQWHUHVWV IURP WKH RXWVHW RI WKH SUHJ

    QDQF\LQSURWHFWLQJWKHKHDOWKRIWKHZRPDQDQGWKHOLIHRIWKHIHWXVWKDWPD\EHFRPHDFKLOG7KHVHSULQ

    FLSOHVGRQRWFRQWUDGLFWRQHDQRWKHUDQGZHDGKHUHWR

    HDFK 86DWRSLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    7KRXJK DOO WKUHH KROGLQJV DUH LPSOLFDWHG LQ WKH LQVWDQW

    FDVHV LW LV WKH WKLUG WKDW UHTXLUHV WKH PRVW H[WHQGHG

    GLVFXVVLRQ IRU ZH PXVW GHWHUPLQH ZKHWKHU WKH $FW IXU

    WKHUVWKHOHJLWLPDWHLQWHUHVWRIWKH*RYHUQPHQWLQSURWHFW

    LQJWKHOLIHRIWKHIHWXVWKDWPD\EHFRPHDFKLOG

    7RLPSOHPHQWLWVKROGLQJ&DVH\UHMHFWHGERWK5RHVULJLG

    WULPHVWHU IUDPHZRUN DQG WKH LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RI5RH WKDW

    FRQVLGHUHGDOOSUHYLDELOLW\ UHJXODWLRQVRI DERUWLRQ XQZDUUDQWHG 86DWSOXUDOLW\RSLQLRQ2Q

    WKLV SRLQW&DVH\ RYHUUXOHG WKH KROGLQJV LQ WZR FDVHV EH

    FDXVH WKH\ XQGHUYDOXHG WKH 6WDWHV LQWHUHVW LQ SRWHQWLDO

    OLIH 6HHLGDWMRLQWRSLQLRQRYHUUXOLQJ7KRUQ

    EXUJKY$PHULFDQ&ROOHJHRI2EVWHWULFLDQVDQG*\QHFROR

    JLVWV86DQG$NURQY$NURQ&HQWHU IRU

    5HSURGXFWLYH+HDOWK,QF86

    :HDVVXPHWKHIROORZLQJSULQFLSOHVIRUWKHSXUSRVHVRI

    WKLV RSLQLRQ %HIRUH YLDELOLW\ D 6WDWH PD\ QRW SURKLELW

    DQ\ ZRPDQ IURP PDNLQJ WKH XOWLPDWH GHFLVLRQ WR WHUPL

    QDWHKHUSUHJQDQF\ 86DWSOXUDOLW\RSLQLRQ

    ,WDOVRPD\QRWLPSRVHXSRQWKLVULJKWDQXQGXHEXUGHQ

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    23/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    ZKLFKH[LVWVLIDUHJXODWLRQVSXUSRVHRUHIIHFWLVWRSODFH

    DVXEVWDQWLDOREVWDFOHLQWKHSDWKRIDZRPDQVHHNLQJDQ

    DERUWLRQEHIRUHWKHIHWXVDWWDLQVYLDELOLW\ ,GDW 2Q

    WKH RWKHU KDQG >U@HJXODWLRQV ZKLFK GR QR PRUH WKDQ

    FUHDWHDVWUXFWXUDOPHFKDQLVPE\ZKLFKWKH6WDWHRUWKH

    SDUHQW RU JXDUGLDQ RI D PLQRU PD\ H[SUHVV SURIRXQG

    UHVSHFWIRUWKHOLIHRIWKHXQERUQDUHSHUPLWWHGLIWKH\DUH

    QRWDVXEVWDQWLDOREVWDFOHWRWKHZRPDQVH[HUFLVHRIWKH

    ULJKW WR FKRRVH ,G DW &DVH\ LQ VKRUW VWUXFN D

    EDODQFH 7KHEDODQFHZDVFHQWUDOWRLWVKROGLQJ:HQRZ

    DSSO\LWVVWDQGDUGWRWKHFDVHVDWEDU

    ,,,

    :H EHJLQ ZLWK D GHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI WKH $FWV RSHUDWLRQ

    DQG HIIHFW $ VWUDLJKWIRUZDUG UHDGLQJ RI WKH $FWV WH[W

    GHPRQVWUDWHVLWVSXUSRVHDQGWKHVFRSHRILWVSURYLVLRQV,W

    UHJXODWHVDQGSURVFULEHVZLWKH[FHSWLRQVRUTXDOLILFDWLRQV

    WREHGLVFXVVHGSHUIRUPLQJWKHLQWDFW'(SURFHGXUH

    5HVSRQGHQWV DJUHH WKH $FW HQFRPSDVVHV LQWDFW '(

    EXWWKH\FRQWHQGLWVDGGLWLRQDOUHDFKLVERWKXQFOHDUDQG

    H[FHVVLYH 5HVSRQGHQWVDVVHUWWKDWDWWKHOHDVWWKH$FWLV

    YRLGIRUYDJXHQHVVEHFDXVHLWVVFRSHLVLQGHILQLWH,QWKH

    DOWHUQDWLYHUHVSRQGHQWVDUJXHWKH$FWVWH[WSURVFULEHVDOO

    '(V %HFDXVH '( LV WKH PRVW FRPPRQ VHFRQG

    WULPHVWHU DERUWLRQ PHWKRG UHVSRQGHQWV VXJJHVW WKH $FW

    LPSRVHVDQXQGXHEXUGHQ ,QWKLVOLWLJDWLRQWKH$WWRUQH\

    *HQHUDO GRHV QRW GLVSXWH WKDW WKH $FW ZRXOG LPSRVH DQ

    XQGXHEXUGHQLILWFRYHUHGVWDQGDUG'(

    :HFRQFOXGHWKDWWKH$FWLVQRWYRLGIRUYDJXHQHVVGRHV

    QRWLPSRVHDQXQGXHEXUGHQIURPDQ\RYHUEUHDGWKDQGLV

    QRWLQYDOLGRQLWVIDFH

    $

    7KH $FW SXQLVKHV NQRZLQJO\ SHUIRUP>LQJ@ D SDUWLDO

    ELUWKDERUWLRQ DHG 6XSS,9 ,WGHILQHV

    WKHXQODZIXODERUWLRQLQH[SOLFLWWHUPVE

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    24/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    )LUVW WKH SHUVRQ SHUIRUPLQJ WKH DERUWLRQ PXVW YDJL

    QDOO\ GHOLYH>U@ D OLYLQJ IHWXV E$ 7KH $FW

    GRHV QRW UHVWULFW DQ DERUWLRQ SURFHGXUH LQYROYLQJ WKH

    GHOLYHU\ RI DQ H[SLUHG IHWXV 7KH $FW IXUWKHUPRUH LV

    LQDSSOLFDEOHWRDERUWLRQVWKDWGRQRWLQYROYHYDJLQDOGHOLY

    HU\IRULQVWDQFH K\VWHURWRP\ RUK\VWHUHFWRP\ 7KH $FW

    GRHVDSSO\ERWKSUHYLDELOLW\DQGSRVWYLDELOLW\EHFDXVHE\

    FRPPRQXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGVFLHQWLILFWHUPLQRORJ\DIHWXV

    LV D OLYLQJ RUJDQLVP ZKLOH ZLWKLQ WKH ZRPE ZKHWKHU RU

    QRWLWLVYLDEOHRXWVLGHWKHZRPE6HHHJ3ODQQHG3DU

    HQWKRRG)6XSS G DW :HGR QRW XQGHU

    VWDQGWKLVSRLQWWREHFRQWHVWHGE\WKHSDUWLHV6HFRQG WKH $FWV GHILQLWLRQ RI SDUWLDOELUWK DERUWLRQ

    UHTXLUHV WKH IHWXV WREH GHOLYHUHG XQWLO LQWKH FDVHRI D

    KHDGILUVWSUHVHQWDWLRQWKHHQWLUHIHWDOKHDGLVRXWVLGHWKH

    ERG\RIWKHPRWKHURULQWKHFDVHRIEUHHFKSUHVHQWDWLRQ

    DQ\ SDUW RI WKH IHWDO WUXQN SDVW WKH QDYHO LV RXWVLGH WKH

    ERG\ RIWKH PRWKHU E$HG6XSS ,9

    7KH$WWRUQH\*HQHUDOFRQFHGHVDQGZHDJUHHWKDWLIDQ

    DERUWLRQSURFHGXUHGRHVQRWLQYROYHWKHGHOLYHU\RIDOLYLQJ

    IHWXV WR RQH RI WKHVH DQDWRPLFDO ODQGPDUNVZKHUH

    GHSHQGLQJRQWKHSUHVHQWDWLRQHLWKHUWKHIHWDOKHDGRUWKH

    IHWDO WUXQN SDVW WKH QDYHO LV RXWVLGH WKH ERG\ RI WKHPRWKHUWKHSURKLELWLRQVRIWKH$FWGRQRWDSSO\ %ULHIIRU

    3HWLWLRQHULQ1RS

    7KLUGWRIDOOZLWKLQWKH$FWDGRFWRUPXVWSHUIRUPDQ

    RYHUWDFWRWKHUWKDQFRPSOHWLRQRIGHOLYHU\WKDWNLOOVWKH

    SDUWLDOO\GHOLYHUHGOLYLQJIHWXVE%HG

    6XSS,9 )RUSXUSRVHVRIFULPLQDOOLDELOLW\WKHRYHUWDFW

    FDXVLQJ WKH IHWXV GHDWK PXVW EH VHSDUDWH IURP GHOLYHU\

    $QG WKH RYHUW DFW PXVW RFFXU DIWHU WKH GHOLYHU\ WR DQ

    DQDWRPLFDO ODQGPDUN 7KLV LVEHFDXVHWKH$FWSURVFULEHV

    NLOOLQJWKHSDUWLDOO\GHOLYHUHGIHWXVZKLFKZKHQUHDGLQ

    FRQWH[W UHIHUV WR D IHWXV WKDW KDV EHHQ GHOLYHUHG WR DQ

    DQDWRPLFDOODQGPDUN ,ELG)RXUWKWKH$FWFRQWDLQVVFLHQWHUUHTXLUHPHQWVFRQFHUQ

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    25/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    LQJDOOWKHDFWLRQVLQYROYHGLQWKHSURKLELWHGDERUWLRQ 7R

    EHJLQ ZLWK WKH SK\VLFLDQ PXVW KDYH GHOLEHUDWHO\ DQG

    LQWHQWLRQDOO\GHOLYHUHGWKHIHWXVWRRQHRIWKH$FWVDQD

    WRPLFDO ODQGPDUNV E$ ,I D OLYLQJ IHWXV LV

    GHOLYHUHG SDVW WKH FULWLFDO SRLQW E\ DFFLGHQW RU LQDGYHU

    WHQFHWKH$FWLVLQDSSOLFDEOH ,QDGGLWLRQWKHIHWXVPXVW

    KDYH EHHQ GHOLYHUHG IRU WKH SXUSRVH RI SHUIRUPLQJ DQ

    RYHUW DFW WKDW WKH >GRFWRU@ NQRZV ZLOO NLOO >LW@ ,ELG , I

    HLWKHU LQWHQW LV DEVHQW QRFULPH KDV RFFXUUHG 7KLV IRO

    ORZV IURP WKH JHQHUDO SULQFLSOH WKDW ZKHUH VFLHQWHU LV

    UHTXLUHGQRFULPHLVFRPPLWWHGDEVHQWWKHUHTXLVLWHVWDWH

    RI PLQG 6HH JHQHUDOO\ : /D)DYH 6XEVWDQWLYH &ULPLQDO /DZ G HG KHUHLQDIWHU /D)DYH &

    7RUFLD:KDUWRQV&ULPLQDO/DZWKHG

    %

    5HVSRQGHQWV FRQWHQG WKH ODQJXDJH GHVFULEHG DERYH LV

    LQGHWHUPLQDWHDQGWKH\WKXVDUJXHWKH$FWLVXQFRQVWLWX

    WLRQDOO\ YDJXHRQ LWVIDFH $VJHQHUDOO\ VWDWHGWKHYRLG

    IRUYDJXHQHVVGRFWULQHUHTXLUHVWKDWDSHQDOVWDWXWHGHILQH

    WKHFULPLQDORIIHQVHZLWKVXIILFLHQWGHILQLWHQHVVWKDWRUGL

    QDU\ SHRSOH FDQ XQGHUVWDQG ZKDW FRQGXFW LV SURKLELWHG

    DQG LQ D PDQQHU WKDW GRHV QRW HQFRXUDJH DUELWUDU\ DQG

    GLVFULPLQDWRU\ HQIRUFHPHQW .ROHQGHU Y /DZVRQ

    86 3RVWHUV 1 7KLQJV /WG Y8QLWHG

    6WDWHV 86 7KH $FW VDWLVILHV ERWK

    UHTXLUHPHQWV

    7KH $FW SURYLGHV GRFWRUV RI RUGLQDU\ LQWHOOLJHQFH D

    UHDVRQDEOH RSSRUWXQLW\ WR NQRZ ZKDW LV SURKLELWHG

    *UD\QHG Y &LW\ RI 5RFNIRUG 86

    ,QGHHGLW VHWV IRUWKUHODWLYHO\FOHDUJXLGHOLQHV DVWR SUR

    KLELWHGFRQGXFWDQGSURYLGHVREMHFWLYHFULWHULDWRHYDOX

    DWH ZKHWKHU D GRFWRU KDV SHUIRUPHG D SURKLELWHG SURFH

    GXUH 3RVWHUV 1 7KLQJV VXSUDDW8QOLNHWKH

    VWDWXWRU\ ODQJXDJH LQ6WHQEHUJWKDWSURKLELWHGWKHGHOLYHU\RIDVXEVWDQWLDOSRUWLRQRIWKHIHWXVZKHUHDGRF

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    26/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    WRUPLJKWTXHVWLRQKRZPXFKRIWKHIHWXVLV DVXEVWDQWLDO

    SRUWLRQWKH $FW GHILQHV WKH OLQH EHWZHHQ SRWHQWLDOO\

    FULPLQDOFRQGXFWRQWKHRQHKDQGDQGODZIXODERUWLRQRQ

    WKHRWKHU 6WHQEHUJ86DWTXRWLQJ1HE5HY

    6WDW $QQ 6XSS 'RFWRUV SHUIRUPLQJ

    '( ZLOO NQRZ WKDW LIWKH\ GR QRW GHOLYHU D OLYLQJ IHWXV

    WR DQ DQDWRPLFDO ODQGPDUN WKH\ ZLOO QRW IDFH FULPLQDO

    OLDELOLW\

    7KLVFRQFOXVLRQLVEXWWUHVVHGE\WKHLQWHQWWKDWPXVWEH

    SURYHGWRLPSRVHOLDELOLW\7KH&RXUWKDVPDGHFOHDUWKDW

    VFLHQWHU UHTXLUHPHQWV DOOHYLDWH YDJXHQHVV FRQFHUQV

    3RVWHUV 1 7KLQJV VXSUD DW VHH DOVR &RODXWWL Y)UDQNOLQ867KLV&RXUWKDVORQJ

    UHFRJQL]HGWKDWWKHFRQVWLWXWLRQDOLW\RI DYDJXH VWDWXWRU\

    VWDQGDUG LV FORVHO\ UHODWHG WR ZKHWKHU WKDW VWDQGDUG LQ

    FRUSRUDWHVDUHTXLUHPHQWRIPHQVUHD 7KH$FWUHTXLUHV

    WKH GRFWRU GHOLEHUDWHO\ WR KDYH GHOLYHUHG WKH IHWXV WR DQ

    DQDWRPLFDOODQGPDUNE$HG6XSS,9

    %HFDXVHDGRFWRUSHUIRUPLQJD'(ZLOOQRWIDFHFULPLQDO

    OLDELOLW\LIKHRUVKHGHOLYHUVDIHWXVEH\RQGWKHSURKLELWHG

    SRLQWE\ PLVWDNH WKH $FW FDQQRW EH GHVFULEHGDV D WUDS

    IRU WKRVHZKR DFW LQJRRGIDLWK &RODXWWL VXSUDDW

    LQWHUQDOTXRWDWLRQPDUNVRPLWWHG5HVSRQGHQWV OLNHZLVH KDYH IDLOHG WR VKRZ WKDW WKH $FW

    VKRXOG EH LQYDOLGDWHG RQ LWV IDFH EHFDXVH LW HQFRXUDJHV

    DUELWUDU\RUGLVFULPLQDWRU\HQIRUFHPHQW.ROHQGHUVXSUD

    DW -XVW DVWKH $FWV DQDWRPLFDO ODQGPDUNV SURYLGH

    GRFWRUV ZLWK REMHFWLYH VWDQGDUGV WKH\ DOVR HVWDEOLVK

    PLQLPDOJXLGHOLQHVWRJRYHUQODZHQIRUFHPHQW 6PLWKY

    *RJXHQ867KHVFLHQWHUUHTXLUH

    PHQWVQDUURZ WKHVFRSH RIWKH$FWVSURKLELWLRQDQG OLPLW

    SURVHFXWRULDO GLVFUHWLRQ ,W FDQQRW EH VDLG WKDW WKH $FW

    YHVWV YLUWXDOO\ FRPSOHWH GLVFUHWLRQ LQ WKH KDQGV RI >ODZ

    HQIRUFHPHQW@WRGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUWKH>GRFWRU@KDVVDWLV

    ILHG>[email protected] VWDWXWH UHJXODWLQJ ORLWHULQJ 5HVSRQGHQWV DUJXPHQWV

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    27/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    FRQFHUQLQJDUELWUDU\HQIRUFHPHQWIXUWKHUPRUHDUHVRPH

    ZKDW VSHFXODWLYH 7KLV LV D SUHHQIRUFHPHQW FKDOOHQJH

    ZKHUH QR HYLGHQFH KDV EHHQ RU FRXOG EH LQWURGXFHG WR

    LQGLFDWH ZKHWKHU WKH >$FW@ KDV EHHQ HQIRUFHG LQ D GLV

    FULPLQDWRU\ PDQQHURU ZLWK WKHDLPRI LQKLELWLQJ>FRQVWL

    WXWLRQDOO\ SURWHFWHG FRQGXFW@ +RIIPDQ (VWDWHV Y )OLS

    VLGH+RIIPDQ(VWDWHV,QF 867KH

    $FWLVQRWYDJXH

    &

    :HQH[WGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUWKH$FWLPSRVHVDQXQGXH

    EXUGHQ DV D IDFLDO PDWWHU EHFDXVH LWV UHVWULFWLRQV RQVHFRQGWULPHVWHUDERUWLRQVDUHWRREURDG$UHYLHZRIWKH

    VWDWXWRU\ WH[W GLVFORVHV WKH OLPLWV RI LWV UHDFK 7KH $FW

    SURKLELWV LQWDFW '( DQG QRWZLWKVWDQGLQJ UHVSRQGHQWV

    DUJXPHQWV LW GRHV QRW SURKLELW WKH '( SURFHGXUH LQ

    ZKLFKWKHIHWXVLVUHPRYHGLQSDUWV

    7KH$FWSURKLELWVDGRFWRUIURPLQWHQWLRQDOO\SHUIRUPLQJ

    DQLQWDFW'(7KHGXDOSURKLELWLRQVRIWKH$FWERWKRI

    ZKLFKDUHQHFHVVDU\IRUFULPLQDOOLDELOLW\FRUUHVSRQGZLWK

    WKHVWHSVJHQHUDOO\XQGHUWDNHQGXULQJWKLVW\SHRISURFH

    GXUH )LUVW D GRFWRU GHOLYHUV WKH IHWXV XQWLO LWV KHDGORGJHVLQWKHFHUYL[ZKLFKLVXVXDOO\SDVWWKHDQDWRPLFDO

    ODQGPDUN IRU D EUHHFK SUHVHQWDWLRQ 6HH 86&

    E$ HG 6XSS ,9 6HFRQG WKH GRFWRU

    SURFHHGVWRSLHUFHWKHIHWDOVNXOOZLWKVFLVVRUVRUFUXVKLW

    ZLWKIRUFHSV7KLVVWHSVDWLVILHVWKHRYHUWDFWUHTXLUHPHQW

    EHFDXVHLWNLOOVWKHIHWXVDQGLVGLVWLQFWIURPGHOLYHU\6HH

    E% 7KH $FWV LQWHQW UHTXLUHPHQWV KRZHYHU

    OLPLWLWVUHDFKWRWKRVHSK\VLFLDQVZKRFDUU\RXWWKHLQWDFW

    '(DIWHULQWHQGLQJWRXQGHUWDNHERWKVWHSVDWWKHRXWVHW

    7KH $FW H[FOXGHV PRVW '(V LQZKLFK WKH IHWXV LV UH

    PRYHG LQ SLHFHV QRW LQWDFW ,I WKH GRFWRU LQWHQGV WR UH

    PRYHWKHIHWXVLQSDUWVIURPWKHRXWVHWWKHGRFWRUZLOOQRW

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    28/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    KDYH WKH UHTXLVLWH LQWHQW WR LQFXU FULPLQDO OLDELOLW\ $

    GRFWRU SHUIRUPLQJ D VWDQGDUG '( SURFHGXUH FDQ RIWHQ

    WDN>H@DERXWSDVVHVWKURXJKWKHXWHUXVWRUHPRYH

    WKHHQWLUHIHWXV3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRG)6XSSGDW

    5HPRYLQJ WKHIHWXVLQ WKLV PDQQHUGRHVQRWYLRODWH

    WKH $FW EHFDXVH WKH GRFWRU ZLOO QRW KDYH GHOLYHUHG WKH

    OLYLQJIHWXVWRRQHRIWKHDQDWRPLFDOODQGPDUNVRUFRPPLW

    WHGDQDGGLWLRQDORYHUWDFWWKDWNLOOVWKHIHWXVDIWHUSDUWLDO

    GHOLYHU\ EHG6XSS,9

    $ FRPSDULVRQ RI WKH $FW ZLWK WKH 1HEUDVND VWDWXWH

    VWUXFNGRZQLQ6WHQEHUJFRQILUPVWKLVSRLQW 7KHVWDWXWH

    LQ 6WHQEHUJ SURKLELWHG GHOLEHUDWHO\ DQG LQWHQWLRQDOO\GHOLYHULQJLQWRWKHYDJLQDDOLYLQJXQERUQFKLOGRUDVXE

    VWDQWLDO SRUWLRQ WKHUHRI IRU WKH SXUSRVH RI SHUIRUPLQJ D

    SURFHGXUH WKDW WKH SHUVRQ SHUIRUPLQJ VXFK SURFHGXUH

    NQRZVZLOONLOOWKHXQERUQFKLOGDQGGRHVNLOOWKHXQERUQ

    FKLOG 86 DW TXRWLQJ 1HE 5HY 6WDW $QQ

    6XSS7KH&RXUWFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKLV

    VWDWXWH HQFRPSDVVHG '( EHFDXVH '( ZLOO RIWHQ LQ

    YROYH D SK\VLFLDQ SXOOLQJ D VXEVWDQWLDO SRUWLRQ RI D VWLOO

    OLYLQJIHWXVVD\DQDUPRUOHJLQWRWKHYDJLQDSULRUWRWKH

    GHDWK RI WKH IHWXV 86 DW 7KH &RXUW DOVR

    UHMHFWHG WKH OLPLWLQJ LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ XUJHG E\ 1HEUDVNDV$WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO WKDW WKH VWDWXWHV UHIHUHQFH WR D SURFH

    GXUH WKDW NLOO>V@ WKH XQERUQ FKLOG ZDV WR D GLVWLQFW

    SURFHGXUHQRWWRWKHDERUWLRQSURFHGXUHDVDZKROH,G

    DW

    &RQJUHVV LW LV DSSDUHQW UHVSRQGHG WR WKHVH FRQFHUQV

    EHFDXVHWKH$FWGHSDUWVLQPDWHULDOZD\VIURPWKHVWDWXWH

    LQ6WHQEHUJ ,WDGRSWVWKHSKUDVHGHOLYHUVDOLYLQJIHWXV

    E$HG6XSS,9LQVWHDGRIGHOLYHULQJ

    D OLYLQJ XQERUQ FKLOG RU D VXEVWDQWLDO SRUWLRQ

    WKHUHRI86DWTXRWLQJ1HE5HY6WDW$QQ

    6XSS7KH$FWVODQJXDJHXQOLNHWKH

    VWDWXWH LQ6WHQEHUJ H[SUHVVHV WKH XVXDO PHDQLQJ RI GHOLYHU ZKHQ XVHG LQ FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK IHWXV QDPHO\ H[

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    29/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    WUDFWLRQ RI DQ HQWLUH IHWXV UDWKHU WKDQ UHPRYDO RI IHWDO

    SLHFHV 6HH 6WHGPDQV 0HGLFDO 'LFWLRQDU\ WK HG

    GHILQLQJ GHOLYHU DV >W@R DVVLVW D ZRPDQ LQ FKLOG

    ELUWKDQG>W@RH[WUDFWIURPDQHQFORVHGSODFHDVWKHIHWXV

    IURPWKHZRPEDQREMHFWRUIRUHLJQERG\VHHDOVR,'R[

    % 0HOORQL * (LVQHU - 0HOORQL 7KH +DUSHU&ROOLQV

    ,OOXVWUDWHG 0HGLFDO 'LFWLRQDU\ WK HG 0HU

    ULDP:HEVWHUV&ROOHJLDWH'LFWLRQDU\WKHG

    7KH $FW WKXV GLVSODFHV WKH LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RI GHOLYHULQJ

    GLFWDWHGE\WKH1HEUDVNDVWDWXWHVUHIHUHQFHWRDVXEVWDQ

    WLDOSRUWLRQRIWKHIHWXV6WHQEHUJVXSUDDWLQGLFDW

    LQJWKDW WKH 1HEUDVND VWDWXWH LWVHOI VSHFLILHV WKDW LW DSSOLHV ERWK WR GHOLYHULQJ DQ LQWDFW XQERUQ FKLOG RU D

    VXEVWDQWLDO SRUWLRQ WKHUHRI ,Q LQWHUSUHWLQJ VWDWXWRU\

    WH[WV FRXUWV XVH WKH RUGLQDU\ PHDQLQJ RI WHUPV XQOHVV

    FRQWH[WUHTXLUHVDGLIIHUHQWUHVXOW 6HHHJ$16LQJHU

    6XWKHUODQGRQ6WDWXWHVDQG6WDWXWRU\&RQVWUXFWLRQ

    UHYWKHG+HUHXQOLNHLQ6WHQEHUJWKHODQJXDJH

    GRHVQRWUHTXLUHDGHSDUWXUHIURPWKHRUGLQDU\PHDQLQJ

    '( GRHV QRW LQYROYH WKH GHOLYHU\ RI D IHWXV EHFDXVH LW

    UHTXLUHV WKH UHPRYDO RI IHWDO SDUWV WKDW DUH ULSSHG IURP

    WKHIHWXVDVWKH\DUHSXOOHGWKURXJKWKHFHUYL[

    7KH LGHQWLILFDWLRQ RI VSHFLILF DQDWRPLFDO ODQGPDUNV WRZKLFKWKHIHWXVPXVWEHSDUWLDOO\GHOLYHUHGDOVRGLIIHUHQWL

    DWHV WKH $FW IURP WKH VWDWXWH DW LVVXH LQ 6WHQEHUJ

    E$HG6XSS,97KH&RXUWLQ6WHQEHUJ

    LQWHUSUHWHG VXEVWDQWLDO SRUWLRQ RI WKH IHWXV WR LQFOXGH

    DQDUPRUDOHJ86DW7KH$FWVDQDWRPLFDO

    ODQGPDUNVE\FRQWUDVWFODULI\WKDWWKHUHPRYDORIDVPDOO

    SRUWLRQRIWKHIHWXVLVQRWSURKLELWHG7KHODQGPDUNVDOVR

    UHTXLUH WKH IHWXV WR EH GHOLYHUHG VR WKDW LW LV SDUWLDOO\

    RXWVLGHWKHERG\RIWKHPRWKHU E$ 7RFRPH

    ZLWKLQ WKH DPELW RI WKH 1HEUDVND VWDWXWH RQ WKH RWKHU

    KDQG D VXEVWDQWLDO SRUWLRQ RI WKH IHWXV RQO\ KDG WR EH

    GHOLYHUHG LQWR WKH YDJLQD QRSDUW RI WKH IHWXV KDG WR EHRXWVLGHWKHERG\RIWKHPRWKHUEHIRUHDGRFWRUFRXOGIDFH

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    30/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    FULPLQDOVDQFWLRQV ,GDW

    %\ DGGLQJ DQ RYHUWDFW UHTXLUHPHQW &RQJUHVV VRXJKW

    IXUWKHUWRPHHWWKH&RXUWVREMHFWLRQVWRWKHVWDWHVWDWXWH

    FRQVLGHUHG LQ6WHQEHUJ &RPSDUH 86&E

    HG6XSS,9ZLWK1HE5HY6WDW$QQ

    6XSS7KH$FWPDNHVWKHGLVWLQFWLRQWKH1HEUDVND

    VWDWXWHIDLOHGWRGUDZEXWWKH1HEUDVND$WWRUQH\*HQHUDO

    DGYDQFHG E\ GLIIHUHQWLDWLQJ EHWZHHQ WKH RYHUDOO SDUWLDO

    ELUWK DERUWLRQ DQG WKH GLVWLQFW RYHUW DFW WKDW NLOOV WKH

    IHWXV 6HH 6WHQEHUJ 86 DW 7KH IDWDO

    RYHUWDFWPXVWRFFXUDIWHUGHOLYHU\WRDQDQDWRPLFDOODQG

    PDUNDQGLWPXVWEHVRPHWKLQJRWKHUWKDQ>WKH@FRPSOHWLRQRIGHOLYHU\ E% 7KLVGLVWLQFWLRQPDWWHUV

    EHFDXVH XQOLNH LQWDFW '( VWDQGDUG '( GRHV QRW LQ

    YROYHDGHOLYHU\IROORZHGE\DIDWDODFW

    7KH FDQRQ RI FRQVWLWXWLRQDO DYRLGDQFH ILQDOO\ H[WLQ

    JXLVKHVDQ\OLQJHULQJGRXEWDVWRZKHWKHUWKH$FWFRYHUV

    WKHSURWRW\SLFDO'(SURFHGXUH >7@KHHOHPHQWDU\ UXOH

    LVWKDWHYHU\UHDVRQDEOHFRQVWUXFWLRQPXVWEHUHVRUWHGWR

    LQ RUGHU WR VDYH D VWDWXWH IURP XQFRQVWLWXWLRQDOLW\

    (GZDUG-'H%DUWROR&RUSY)ORULGD*XOI&RDVW%XLOGLQJ

    &RQVWU7UDGHV&RXQFLO86TXRW

    LQJ+RRSHUY&DOLIRUQLD86,WLVWUXH WKLV ORQJVWDQGLQJ PD[LP RI VWDWXWRU\ LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ

    KDV LQ WKH SDVW IDOOHQ E\ WKH ZD\VLGH ZKHQ WKH &RXUW

    FRQIURQWHG D VWDWXWH UHJXODWLQJ DERUWLRQ 7KH &RXUW DW

    WLPHV HPSOR\HG DQ DQWDJRQLVWLF FDQRQ RI FRQVWUXFWLRQ

    XQGHU ZKLFK LQ FDVHV LQYROYLQJ DERUWLRQ D SHUPLVVLEOH

    UHDGLQJ RI D VWDWXWH >ZDV@ WR EH DYRLGHG DW DOO FRVWV

    6WHQEHUJVXSUDDW.(11('

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    31/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    LIDVWDWXWHLVQRWJHQXLQHO\VXVFHSWLEOHWRWZRFRQVWUXF

    WLRQV $OPHQGDUH]7RUUHVY8QLWHG6WDWHV86

    VHHDOVR&ODUNY0DUWLQH]86

    ,Q6WHQEHUJ WKH &RXUW IRXQGWKH VWDWXWH FRYHUHG

    '( 86DW+HUHE\FRQWUDVWLQWHUSUHW

    LQJ WKH $FW VRWKDW LWGRHV QRW SURKLELW VWDQGDUG '( LV

    WKH PRVW UHDVRQDEOH UHDGLQJ DQG XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI LWV

    WHUPV

    &RQWUDU\DUJXPHQWVE\WKHUHVSRQGHQWVDUHXQDYDLOLQJ

    5HVSRQGHQWV ORRN WR VLWXDWLRQV WKDW PLJKW DULVH GXULQJ'( VLWXDWLRQV QRW H[DPLQHG LQ 6WHQEHUJ 7KH\ FRQ

    WHQGUHO\LQJ RQ WKH WHVWLPRQ\ RI QXPHURXV DERUWLRQ

    GRFWRUVWKDW '( PD\UHVXOWLQ WKHGHOLYHU\ RI D OLYLQJ

    IHWXVEH\RQGWKH $FWVDQDWRPLFDOODQGPDUNV LQD VLJQLIL

    FDQWIUDFWLRQRIFDVHV 7KLVLVVRUHVSRQGHQWVVD\EHFDXVH

    GRFWRUV FDQQRW SUHGLFW WKH DPRXQW WKH FHUYL[ ZLOO GLODWH

    EHIRUHWKHDERUWLRQSURFHGXUH,WPLJKWGLODWHWRDGHJUHH

    WKDWWKHIHWXVZLOOEHUHPRYHGODUJHO\LQWDFW 7RFRPSOHWH

    WKH DERUWLRQ GRFWRUV ZLOO FRPPLW DQ RYHUW DFW WKDW NLOOV

    WKHSDUWLDOO\GHOLYHUHGIHWXV5HVSRQGHQWVWKXVSRVLWWKDW

    DQ\'(KDVWKHSRWHQWLDOWRYLRODWHWKH$FWDQGWKDWD

    SK\VLFLDQZLOO QRWNQRZEHIRUHKDQGZKHWKHUWKHDERUWLRQ

    ZLOOSURFHHGLQDSURKLELWHGPDQQHU%ULHIIRU5HVSRQGHQW

    3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRGHWDOLQ1RS

    7KLV UHDVRQLQJ KRZHYHU GRHV QRW WDNH DFFRXQW RI WKH

    $FWV LQWHQW UHTXLUHPHQWV ZKLFK SUHFOXGH OLDELOLW\ IURP

    DWWDFKLQJWRDQDFFLGHQWDOLQWDFW'(,IDGRFWRUVLQWHQW

    DWWKHRXWVHWLVWRSHUIRUPD'(LQZKLFKWKHIHWXVZRXOG

    QRW EH GHOLYHUHG WR HLWKHU RI WKH $FWV DQDWRPLFDO ODQG

    PDUNVEXWWKHIHWXVQRQHWKHOHVVLVGHOLYHUHGSDVWRQHRI

    WKRVH SRLQWV WKH UHTXLVLWH DQG SURKLELWHG VFLHQWHU LV QRW

    SUHVHQW 86& E$ HG 6XSS ,9

    :KHQDGRFWRULQWKDWVLWXDWLRQFRPSOHWHVDQDERUWLRQE\SHUIRUPLQJDQLQWDFW'(WKHGRFWRUGRHVQRWYLRODWHWKH

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    32/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    $FW,WLVWUXHWKDWLQWHQWWRFDXVHDUHVXOWPD\VRPHWLPHV

    EH LQIHUUHG LID SHUVRQ NQRZV WKDW WKDW UHVXOW LVSUDFWL

    FDOO\FHUWDLQWRIROORZIURPKLVFRQGXFW/D)DYHD

    DW

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    33/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    IHWXVWRRQHRIWKH$FWVDQDWRPLFDOODQGPDUNVPXVWDGMXVW

    WKHLUFRQGXFWWRWKHODZE\QRWDWWHPSWLQJWRGHOLYHUWKH

    IHWXV WR HLWKHU RI WKRVH SRLQWV 5HVSRQGHQWV KDYH QRW

    VKRZQ WKDW UHTXLULQJ GRFWRUV WR LQWHQG GLVPHPEHUPHQW

    EHIRUH GHOLYHU\ WR DQ DQDWRPLFDO ODQGPDUN ZLOO SURKLELW

    WKHYDVWPDMRULW\RI'(DERUWLRQV 7KH$FWWKHQFDQQRW

    EHKHOGLQYDOLGRQLWVIDFHRQWKHVHJURXQGV

    ,9

    8QGHU WKH SULQFLSOHV DFFHSWHG DV FRQWUROOLQJ KHUH WKH

    $FW DV ZH KDYH LQWHUSUHWHG LW ZRXOG EH XQFRQVWLWXWLRQDO

    LILWVSXUSRVHRUHIIHFWLVWRSODFHDVXEVWDQWLDOREVWDFOHLQWKHSDWKRID ZRPDQVHHNLQJDQ DERUWLRQEHIRUHWKHIHWXV

    DWWDLQVYLDELOLW\ &DVH\86DWSOXUDOLW\RSLQ

    LRQ 7KHDERUWLRQVDIIHFWHGE\WKH$FWVUHJXODWLRQVWDNH

    SODFH ERWK SUHYLDELOLW\ DQG SRVWYLDELOLW\ VR WKH TXRWHG

    ODQJXDJHDQGWKHXQGXHEXUGHQDQDO\VLVLWUHOLHVXSRQDUH

    DSSOLFDEOH 7KHTXHVWLRQLVZKHWKHUWKH$FWPHDVXUHGE\

    LWVWH[WLQWKLVIDFLDODWWDFNLPSRVHVDVXEVWDQWLDOREVWDFOH

    WRODWHWHUPEXWSUHYLDELOLW\DERUWLRQV7KH$FWGRHVQRW

    RQ LWV IDFH LPSRVH D VXEVWDQWLDO REVWDFOH DQG ZH UHMHFW

    WKLVIXUWKHUIDFLDOFKDOOHQJHWRLWVYDOLGLW\

    $7KH$FWVSXUSRVHVDUHVHWIRUWKLQUHFLWDOVSUHFHGLQJLWV

    RSHUDWLYHSURYLVLRQV $GHVFULSWLRQRIWKHSURKLELWHGDERU

    WLRQSURFHGXUHGHPRQVWUDWHVWKHUDWLRQDOHIRUWKHFRQJUHV

    VLRQDOHQDFWPHQW7KH$FWSURVFULEHVDPHWKRGRIDERUWLRQ

    LQZKLFKDIHWXVLVNLOOHGMXVWLQFKHVEHIRUHFRPSOHWLRQRI

    WKHELUWKSURFHVV&RQJUHVVVWDWHGDVIROORZV,PSOLFLWO\

    DSSURYLQJ VXFK D EUXWDO DQG LQKXPDQH SURFHGXUH E\

    FKRRVLQJ QRWWR SURKLELW LW ZLOO IXUWKHUFRDUVHQ VRFLHW\ WR

    WKHKXPDQLW\RIQRWRQO\QHZERUQVEXWDOOYXOQHUDEOHDQG

    LQQRFHQW KXPDQ OLIH PDNLQJ LW LQFUHDVLQJO\ GLIILFXOW WR

    SURWHFW VXFK OLIH &RQJUHVVLRQDO )LQGLQJV 1 LQ

    QRWHVIROORZLQJ86&HG6XSS,9S

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    34/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    7KH$FWH[SUHVVHVUHVSHFW IRU WKH GLJQLW\ RI KXPDQ

    OLIH

    &RQJUHVV ZDV FRQFHUQHG IXUWKHUPRUH ZLWK WKH HIIHFWV

    RQWKHPHGLFDOFRPPXQLW\DQGRQLWVUHSXWDWLRQFDXVHGE\

    WKHSUDFWLFHRISDUWLDOELUWKDERUWLRQ7KHILQGLQJVLQWKH

    $FWH[SODLQ

    3DUWLDOELUWKDERUWLRQFRQIXVHVWKHPHGLFDOOHJDO

    DQGHWKLFDOGXWLHVRISK\VLFLDQVWRSUHVHUYHDQGSUR

    PRWH OLIH DV WKH SK\VLFLDQ DFWV GLUHFWO\ DJDLQVW WKH

    SK\VLFDOOLIHRIDFKLOGZKRPKHRUVKHKDGMXVWGHOLY

    HUHGDOOEXWWKHKHDGRXWRIWKHZRPELQRUGHUWRHQG

    WKDWOLIH &RQJUHVVLRQDO)LQGLQJV-LELG

    7KHUHFDQEHQRGRXEWWKHJRYHUQPHQWKDVDQLQWHUHVWLQ

    SURWHFWLQJ WKH LQWHJULW\ DQGHWKLFV RI WKH PHGLFDOSURIHV

    VLRQ :DVKLQJWRQ Y *OXFNVEHUJ 86

    VHHDOVR%DUVN\Y%RDUGRI5HJHQWVRI8QLYRI1

    G@WKH6WDWHVLQWHU

    HVWLQSRWHQWLDOOLIH 86DWSOXUDOLW\RSLQLRQ

    VHHDOVRLGDW 7KHSOXUDOLW\RSLQLRQLQGLFDWHG>W@KH

    IDFW WKDW D ODZ ZKLFK VHUYHV D YDOLG SXUSRVH RQH QRW

    GHVLJQHG WR VWULNH DW WKH ULJKW LWVHOI KDV WKH LQFLGHQWDO

    HIIHFW RI PDNLQJ LW PRUH GLIILFXOW RU PRUH H[SHQVLYH WR

    SURFXUH DQ DERUWLRQ FDQQRW EH HQRXJK WR LQYDOLGDWH LW

    ,G DW 7KLV ZDV QRW DQ LGOH DVVHUWLRQ 7KH WKUHH

    SUHPLVHVRI&DVH\PXVWFRH[LVW 6HHLGDWRSLQLRQRIWKH &RXUW 7KH WKLUG SUHPLVH WKDW WKH 6WDWH IURP WKH

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    35/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    LQFHSWLRQ RI WKHSUHJQDQF\PDLQWDLQV LWVRZQUHJXODWRU\

    LQWHUHVWLQSURWHFWLQJWKHOLIHRIWKHIHWXVWKDWPD\EHFRPH

    D FKLOG FDQQRW EH VHW DW QDXJKW E\ LQWHUSUHWLQJ&DVH\V

    UHTXLUHPHQW RI D KHDOWK H[FHSWLRQ VR LW EHFRPHV WDQWD

    PRXQWWRDOORZLQJD GRFWRUWRFKRRVHWKHDERUWLRQPHWKRG

    KHRU VKH PLJKWSUHIHU :KHUH LWKDVD UDWLRQDO EDVLVWR

    DFW DQG LW GRHV QRW LPSRVH DQ XQGXH EXUGHQ WKH 6WDWH

    PD\ XVH LWV UHJXODWRU\ SRZHU WR EDU FHUWDLQ SURFHGXUHV

    DQGVXEVWLWXWHRWKHUVDOOLQIXUWKHUDQFHRILWVOHJLWLPDWH

    LQWHUHVWVLQUHJXODWLQJWKHPHGLFDOSURIHVVLRQLQRUGHUWR

    SURPRWHUHVSHFWIRUOLIHLQFOXGLQJOLIHRIWKHXQERUQ

    7KH$FWVEDQRQDERUWLRQVWKDWLQYROYHSDUWLDOGHOLYHU\RIDOLYLQJIHWXVIXUWKHUVWKH*RYHUQPHQWVREMHFWLYHV1R

    RQH ZRXOG GLVSXWH WKDW IRU PDQ\ '( LV D SURFHGXUH

    LWVHOI ODGHQZLWKWKH SRZHU WRGHYDOXHKXPDQ OLIH &RQ

    JUHVVFRXOGQRQHWKHOHVVFRQFOXGHWKDWWKHW\SHRIDERUWLRQ

    SURVFULEHGE\WKH$FWUHTXLUHVVSHFLILFUHJXODWLRQEHFDXVH

    LW LPSOLFDWHV DGGLWLRQDO HWKLFDO DQG PRUDO FRQFHUQV WKDW

    MXVWLI\ D VSHFLDO SURKLELWLRQ &RQJUHVV GHWHUPLQHG WKDW

    WKH DERUWLRQ PHWKRGV LW SURVFULEHG KDG D GLVWXUELQJ

    VLPLODULW\ WR WKH NLOOLQJ RI D QHZERUQ LQIDQW &RQJUHV

    VLRQDO )LQGLQJV / LQ QRWHV IROORZLQJ 86&

    HG 6XSS ,9 S DQG WKXV LW ZDV FRQFHUQHG ZLWK GUDZ>LQJ@ D EULJKW OLQH WKDW FOHDUO\ GLVWLQ

    JXLVKHVDERUWLRQDQGLQIDQWLFLGH&RQJUHVVLRQDO)LQGLQJV

    * LELG 7KH &RXUW KDV LQ WKH SDVW FRQILUPHG WKH

    YDOLGLW\RIGUDZLQJERXQGDULHVWRSUHYHQWFHUWDLQSUDFWLFHV

    WKDWH[WLQJXLVKOLIHDQGDUHFORVHWRDFWLRQVWKDWDUHFRQ

    GHPQHG *OXFNVEHUJ IRXQG UHDVRQDEOH WKH 6WDWHV IHDU

    WKDWSHUPLWWLQJDVVLVWHGVXLFLGHZLOOVWDUWLWGRZQWKHSDWK

    WR YROXQWDU\ DQG SHUKDSV HYHQ LQYROXQWDU\ HXWKDQDVLD

    86DWDQGQ

    5HVSHFWIRUKXPDQOLIHILQGVDQXOWLPDWHH[SUHVVLRQLQ

    WKH ERQG RI ORYH WKH PRWKHU KDV IRU KHU FKLOG 7KH $FW

    UHFRJQL]HVWKLVUHDOLW\DVZHOO :KHWKHUWRKDYHDQDERUWLRQUHTXLUHVDGLIILFXOWDQGSDLQIXOPRUDOGHFLVLRQ&DVH\

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    36/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    VXSUDDWRSLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW:KLOHZHILQGQR

    UHOLDEOHGDWDWR PHDVXUHWKHSKHQRPHQRQLW VHHPVXQH[

    FHSWLRQDEOHWRFRQFOXGHVRPHZRPHQFRPHWRUHJUHWWKHLU

    FKRLFHWRDERUWWKHLQIDQWOLIHWKH\RQFHFUHDWHGDQGVXV

    WDLQHG 6HH%ULHIIRU6DQGUD &DQRHWDODV$PLFL&XULDH

    LQ 1R SS 6HYHUH GHSUHVVLRQ DQGORVV RI

    HVWHHPFDQIROORZ6HH LELG

    ,Q D GHFLVLRQ VR IUDXJKW ZLWK HPRWLRQDO FRQVHTXHQFH

    VRPHGRFWRUVPD\SUHIHUQRWWRGLVFORVHSUHFLVHGHWDLOVRI

    WKHPHDQVWKDWZLOOEHXVHGFRQILQLQJWKHPVHOYHVWRWKH

    UHTXLUHG VWDWHPHQW RI ULVNV WKH SURFHGXUH HQWDLOV )URP

    RQHVWDQGSRLQWWKLVRXJKWQRWWREHVXUSULVLQJ$Q\QXPEHURISDWLHQWVIDFLQJLPPLQHQWVXUJLFDOSURFHGXUHVZRXOG

    SUHIHUQRWWRKHDUDOOGHWDLOVOHVWWKHXVXDODQ[LHW\SUHFHG

    LQJLQYDVLYHPHGLFDOSURFHGXUHVEHFRPHWKHPRUHLQWHQVH

    7KLVLVOLNHO\WKHFDVHZLWKWKHDERUWLRQSURFHGXUHVKHUHLQ

    LVVXH 6HHHJ1DW$ERUWLRQ)HGHUDWLRQ )6XSSG

    DW Q 0RVW RI >WKH SODLQWLIIV@ H[SHUWV DFNQRZO

    HGJHGWKDWWKH\GRQRWGHVFULEHWRWKHLUSDWLHQWVZKDW>WKH

    '( DQG LQWDFW '(@ SURFHGXUHV HQWDLO LQ FOHDU DQG

    SUHFLVHWHUPVVHHDOVR LGDW

    ,WLVKRZHYHUSUHFLVHO\WKLVODFNRILQIRUPDWLRQFRQFHUQ

    LQJ WKH ZD\ LQ ZKLFK WKH IHWXV ZLOO EH NLOOHG WKDW LV RIOHJLWLPDWH FRQFHUQ WR WKH 6WDWH &DVH\ VXSUD DW

    SOXUDOLW\ RSLQLRQ 6WDWHV DUH IUHH WR HQDFW ODZV WR SUR

    YLGHDUHDVRQDEOHIUDPHZRUNIRUDZRPDQWRPDNHDGHFL

    VLRQ WKDW KDVVXFK SURIRXQG DQGODVWLQJ PHDQLQJ 7KH

    6WDWHKDVDQLQWHUHVWLQHQVXULQJVRJUDYHDFKRLFHLVZHOO

    LQIRUPHG ,W LV VHOIHYLGHQW WKDW D PRWKHU ZKR FRPHVWR

    UHJUHW KHU FKRLFH WR DERUW PXVW VWUXJJOH ZLWK JULHI PRUH

    DQJXLVKHG DQG VRUURZ PRUH SURIRXQG ZKHQ VKH OHDUQV

    RQO\DIWHUWKHHYHQWZKDWVKHRQFHGLGQRWNQRZWKDWVKH

    DOORZHGDGRFWRUWRSLHUFHWKHVNXOODQGYDFXXPWKHIDVW

    GHYHORSLQJEUDLQRIKHUXQERUQFKLOGDFKLOGDVVXPLQJWKH

    KXPDQIRUP,WLVDUHDVRQDEOHLQIHUHQFHWKDWDQHFHVVDU\HIIHFWRIWKH

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    37/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    UHJXODWLRQDQGWKHNQRZOHGJHLWFRQYH\VZLOOEHWRHQFRXU

    DJH VRPH ZRPHQ WR FDUU\ WKH LQIDQW WR IXOO WHUP WKXV

    UHGXFLQJWKHDEVROXWHQXPEHURIODWHWHUPDERUWLRQV7KH

    PHGLFDO SURIHVVLRQ IXUWKHUPRUH PD\ ILQG GLIIHUHQW DQG

    OHVV VKRFNLQJ PHWKRGV WR DERUW WKH IHWXV LQ WKH VHFRQG

    WULPHVWHU WKHUHE\ DFFRPPRGDWLQJ OHJLVODWLYH GHPDQG

    7KH6WDWHVLQWHUHVWLQUHVSHFWIRUOLIHLVDGYDQFHGE\WKH

    GLDORJXH WKDW EHWWHU LQIRUPV WKH SROLWLFDO DQG OHJDO V\V

    WHPV WKH PHGLFDO SURIHVVLRQ H[SHFWDQW PRWKHUV DQG

    VRFLHW\DVDZKROHRIWKHFRQVHTXHQFHVWKDWIROORZIURPD

    GHFLVLRQWRHOHFWDODWHWHUPDERUWLRQ

    ,WLVREMHFWHGWKDWWKHVWDQGDUG'(LVLQVRPHUHVSHFWVDV EUXWDO LI QRW PRUH WKDQ WKH LQWDFW '( VR WKDW WKH

    OHJLVODWLRQ DFFRPSOLVKHV OLWWOH :KDW ZH KDYH DOUHDG\

    VDLG KRZHYHU VKRZV DPSOH MXVWLILFDWLRQ IRU WKH UHJXOD

    WLRQ 3DUWLDOELUWKDERUWLRQDVGHILQHGE\WKH$FWGLIIHUV

    IURPDVWDQGDUG'(EHFDXVHWKHIRUPHURFFXUVZKHQWKH

    IHWXVLVSDUWLDOO\RXWVLGHWKHPRWKHUWRWKHSRLQWRIRQHRI

    WKH $FWV DQDWRPLFDO ODQGPDUNV ,W ZDV UHDVRQDEOH IRU

    &RQJUHVV WR WKLQN WKDW SDUWLDOELUWK DERUWLRQ PRUH WKDQ

    VWDQGDUG'(XQGHUPLQHVWKHSXEOLFVSHUFHSWLRQRIWKH

    DSSURSULDWHUROHRIDSK\VLFLDQGXULQJWKHGHOLYHU\SURFHVV

    DQG SHUYHUWV D SURFHVV GXULQJ ZKLFK OLIH LV EURXJKW LQWRWKH ZRUOG &RQJUHVVLRQDO )LQGLQJV . LQ QRWHV

    IROORZLQJ 86& HG 6XSS ,9 S

    7KHUHZRXOGEHDIODZLQWKLV&RXUWVORJLFDQGDQLURQ\LQ

    LWVMXULVSUXGHQFHZHUHZHILUVWWR FRQFOXGHD EDQRQERWK

    '(DQGLQWDFW'(ZDVRYHUEURDGDQGWKHQWRVD\LWLV

    LUUDWLRQDO WR EDQ RQO\ LQWDFW '( EHFDXVH WKDW GRHV QRW

    SURVFULEHERWKSURFHGXUHV,QVXPZHUHMHFWWKHFRQWHQ

    WLRQ WKDW WKH FRQJUHVVLRQDO SXUSRVH RI WKH $FW ZDV WR

    SODFHD VXEVWDQWLDOREVWDFOHLQWKHSDWKRID ZRPDQVHHN

    LQJDQDERUWLRQ 86DWSOXUDOLW\RSLQLRQ

    %

    7KH $FWV IXUWKHUDQFH RI OHJLWLPDWH JRYHUQPHQW LQWHU

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    38/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    HVWV EHDUV XSRQ EXW GRHV QRW UHVROYH WKH QH[W TXHVWLRQ

    ZKHWKHUWKH$FWKDVWKHHIIHFWRILPSRVLQJDQXQFRQVWLWX

    WLRQDO EXUGHQ RQ WKH DERUWLRQ ULJKW EHFDXVH LW GRHV QRW

    DOORZ XVH RI WKH EDUUHG SURFHGXUH ZKHUH QHFHVVDU\ LQ

    DSSURSULDWH PHGLFDO MXGJPHQW IRU >WKH@ SUHVHUYDWLRQ RI

    WKHKHDOWKRIWKHPRWKHU$\RWWH86DW

    TXRWLQJ&DVH\VXSUDDWSOXUDOLW\RSLQLRQ7KH

    SURKLELWLRQ LQ WKH $FW ZRXOG EH XQFRQVWLWXWLRQDO XQGHU

    SUHFHGHQWV ZH KHUH DVVXPH WR EH FRQWUROOLQJ LI LW VXE

    MHFW>HG@ >ZRPHQ@ WR VLJQLILFDQW KHDOWK ULVNV $\RWWH VX

    SUDDWVHHDOVR&DVH\VXSUDDWRSLQLRQRIWKH

    &RXUW ,Q$\RWWHWKHSDUWLHVDJUHHGDKHDOWKH[FHSWLRQWRWKH FKDOOHQJHG SDUHQWDOLQYROYHPHQW VWDWXWH ZDV QHFHV

    VDU\WRDYHUWVHULRXVDQGRIWHQLUUHYHUVLEOHGDPDJHWR>D

    SUHJQDQW PLQRUV@ KHDOWK 86 DW +HUH E\

    FRQWUDVW ZKHWKHUWKH $FWFUHDWHV VLJQLILFDQW KHDOWKULVNV

    IRU ZRPHQ KDV EHHQ D FRQWHVWHG IDFWXDO TXHVWLRQ 7KH

    HYLGHQFHSUHVHQWHGLQWKHWULDOFRXUWVDQGEHIRUH&RQJUHVV

    GHPRQVWUDWHV ERWK VLGHV KDYH PHGLFDO VXSSRUW IRU WKHLU

    SRVLWLRQ

    5HVSRQGHQWV SUHVHQWHG HYLGHQFH WKDW LQWDFW '( PD\

    EH WKH VDIHVW PHWKRG RI DERUWLRQ IRU UHDVRQV VLPLODU WR

    WKRVHDGGXFHGLQ6WHQEHUJ 6HH 86 DW $ERUWLRQ GRFWRUV WHVWLILHG IRU H[DPSOH WKDW LQWDFW '( GH

    FUHDVHV WKH ULVN RI FHUYLFDO ODFHUDWLRQ RU XWHULQH SHUIRUD

    WLRQEHFDXVHLWUHTXLUHVIHZHUSDVVHVLQWRWKHXWHUXVZLWK

    VXUJLFDOLQVWUXPHQWVDQGGRHVQRWUHTXLUHWKHUHPRYDORI

    ERQ\IUDJPHQWVRIWKHGLVPHPEHUHGIHWXVIUDJPHQWVWKDW

    PD\ EHVKDUS 5HVSRQGHQWVDOVRSUHVHQWHGHYLGHQFHWKDW

    LQWDFW '( ZDV VDIHU ERWK EHFDXVH LW UHGXFHV WKH ULVNV

    WKDWIHWDOSDUWVZLOOUHPDLQLQWKHXWHUXVDQGEHFDXVHLW

    WDNHV OHVV WLPH WR FRPSOHWH 5HVSRQGHQWV LQ DGGLWLRQ

    SURIIHUHG HYLGHQFH WKDW LQWDFW '( ZDVVDIHU IRUZRPHQ

    ZLWK FHUWDLQ PHGLFDO FRQGLWLRQV RU ZRPHQ ZLWK IHWXVHV

    WKDW KDG FHUWDLQ DQRPDOLHV 6HH HJ &DUKDUW )6XSSGDW1DW$ERUWLRQ)HGHUDWLRQVXSUD

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    39/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    DW3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRG)6XSSGDW

    7KHVH FRQWHQWLRQV ZHUH FRQWUDGLFWHG E\ RWKHU GRFWRUV

    ZKRWHVWLILHGLQWKH'LVWULFW&RXUWVDQGEHIRUH&RQJUHVV

    7KH\ FRQFOXGHG WKDW WKH DOOHJHG KHDOWK DGYDQWDJHV ZHUH

    EDVHGRQVSHFXODWLRQZLWKRXWVFLHQWLILFVWXGLHVWRVXSSRUW

    WKHP 7KH\FRQVLGHUHG'(DOZD\VWR EHD VDIH DOWHUQD

    WLYH 6HHHJ&DUKDUWVXSUDDW1DW$ERUWLRQ

    )HGHUDWLRQ)6XSSGDW3ODQQHG3DUHQW

    KRRG)6XSSGDW

    7KHUHLVGRFXPHQWHGPHGLFDOGLVDJUHHPHQWZKHWKHUWKH

    $FWV SURKLELWLRQ ZRXOG HYHU LPSRVH VLJQLILFDQW KHDOWKULVNVRQZRPHQ6HHHJLGDW>7@KHUHFRQWLQXHV

    WREHD GLYLVLRQRIRSLQLRQDPRQJKLJKO\TXDOLILHGH[SHUWV

    UHJDUGLQJWKHQHFHVVLW\RUVDIHW\RILQWDFW'(VHHDOVR

    1DW$ERUWLRQ)HGHUDWLRQVXSUD DW 7KH WKUHH 'LV

    WULFW &RXUWV WKDW FRQVLGHUHG WKH $FWV FRQVWLWXWLRQDOLW\

    DSSHDUHGWREHLQVRPHGLVDJUHHPHQWRQWKLVFHQWUDOIDF

    WXDO TXHVWLRQ 7KH 'LVWULFW &RXUW IRU WKH 'LVWULFW RI 1H

    EUDVND FRQFOXGHG WKH EDQQHG SURFHGXUH LV VRPHWLPHV

    WKH VDIHVW DERUWLRQ SURFHGXUH WR SUHVHUYH WKH KHDOWK RI

    ZRPHQ &DUKDUWVXSUDDW 7KH'LVWULFW&RXUWIRU

    WKH 1RUWKHUQ 'LVWULFW RI &DOLIRUQLD UHDFKHG D VLPLODUFRQFOXVLRQ 3ODQQHG 3DUHQWKRRG VXSUD DW ILQGLQJ

    LQWDFW'( ZDV XQGHUFHUWDLQ FLUFXPVWDQFHV VLJQLIL

    FDQWO\VDIHUWKDQ'(E\GLVDUWLFXODWLRQ7KH'LVWULFW

    &RXUW IRU WKH 6RXWKHUQ 'LVWULFW RI 1HZ WKH SODLQWLIIV@

    SXUSRUWHGUHDVRQV IRU ZK\>LQWDFW'(@LV PHGLFDOO\QHFHVVDU\ >ZHUH@ FUHGLEOH UDWKHU>LWIRXQG WKHP WR EH@ WKHR

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    40/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    UHWLFDORUIDOVH ,GDW7KHFRXUWQRQHWKHOHVVLQYDOL

    GDWHGWKH$FWEHFDXVHLWGHWHUPLQHGDVLJQLILFDQWERG\RI

    PHGLFDO RSLQLRQ KROGV WKDW ' ( KDV VDIHW\ DGYDQ

    WDJHV RYHU LQGXFWLRQ DQG WKDW >LQWDFW '(@ KDV VRPH

    VDIHW\ DGYDQWDJHV KRZHYHU K\SRWKHWLFDO DQG XQVXEVWDQ

    WLDWHGE\VFLHQWLILFHYLGHQFHRYHU'(IRUVRPHZRPHQ

    LQVRPHFLUFXPVWDQFHV ,ELG

    7KHTXHVWLRQEHFRPHVZKHWKHUWKH$FWFDQVWDQGZKHQ

    WKLVPHGLFDOXQFHUWDLQW\SHUVLVWV7KH&RXUWVSUHFHGHQWV

    LQVWUXFW WKDW WKH$FWFDQ VXUYLYHWKLV IDFLDODWWDFN 7KH

    &RXUWKDVJLYHQVWDWHDQGIHGHUDOOHJLVODWXUHVZLGHGLVFUH

    WLRQWRSDVVOHJLVODWLRQLQDUHDVZKHUHWKHUHLVPHGLFDODQGVFLHQWLILFXQFHUWDLQW\ 6HH.DQVDVY+HQGULFNV86

    Q-RQHVY8QLWHG6WDWHV86

    Q/DPEHUWY

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    41/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    WH[WV ,ELG VHH DOVR :HEVWHU Y 5HSURGXFWLYH +HDOWK

    6HUYLFHV86SOXUDOLW\RSLQLRQ

    FULWLFL]LQJ5RHVWULPHVWHUIUDPHZRUNEHFDXVH LQWHUDOLD

    LWOHIWWKLV&RXUWWRVHUYHDVWKHFRXQWU\V H[RIILFLRPHGL

    FDO ERDUG ZLWK SRZHUV WR DSSURYH RU GLVDSSURYH PHGLFDO

    DQG RSHUDWLYH SUDFWLFHV DQG VWDQGDUGV WKURXJKRXW WKH

    8QLWHG 6WDWHV LQWHUQDO TXRWDWLRQ PDUNV RPLWWHG

    0D]XUHN Y $UPVWURQJ 86 SHU

    FXULDP XSKROGLQJ D UHVWULFWLRQ RQ WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI

    DERUWLRQV WR OLFHQVHG SK\VLFLDQV GHVSLWH WKH UHVSRQGHQWV

    FRQWHQWLRQDOOKHDOWKHYLGHQFHFRQWUDGLFWVWKHFODLPWKDW

    WKHUHLVDQ\KHDOWKEDVLVIRUWKHODZLQWHUQDOTXRWDWLRQPDUNVRPLWWHG

    0HGLFDO XQFHUWDLQW\ GRHV QRW IRUHFORVH WKH H[HUFLVH RI

    OHJLVODWLYHSRZHULQWKHDERUWLRQFRQWH[WDQ\PRUHWKDQLW

    GRHVLQRWKHUFRQWH[WV6HH+HQGULFNVVXSUDDWQ

    7KH PHGLFDO XQFHUWDLQW\ RYHU ZKHWKHU WKH $FWV SURKLEL

    WLRQ FUHDWHV VLJQLILFDQW KHDOWK ULVNV SURYLGHV D VXIILFLHQW

    EDVLVWRFRQFOXGHLQWKLVIDFLDODWWDFNWKDWWKH$FWGRHVQRW

    LPSRVHDQXQGXHEXUGHQ

    7KHFRQFOXVLRQ WKDW WKH$FW GRHV QRWLPSRVHDQ XQGXH

    EXUGHQLVVXSSRUWHGE\RWKHUFRQVLGHUDWLRQV $OWHUQDWLYHV

    DUH DYDLODEOH WR WKH SURKLELWHG SURFHGXUH $V ZH KDYHQRWHGWKH$FWGRHVQRWSURVFULEH'( 2QH'LVWULFW&RXUW

    IRXQG'(WRKDYHH[WUHPHO\ORZUDWHVRIPHGLFDOFRPSOL

    FDWLRQV 3ODQQHG 3DUHQWKRRG VXSUD DW $QRWKHU

    LQGLFDWHG'( ZDV JHQHUDOO\WKH VDIHVWPHWKRGRI DERU

    WLRQ GXULQJWKH VHFRQGWULPHVWHU &DUKDUW)6XSS

    G DW VHH DOVR1DW$ERUWLRQ)HGHUDWLRQVXSUDDW

    H[SODLQLQJ WKDW >H@[SHUWV WHVWLI\LQJ IRU ERWK

    VLGHVDJUHHG'(ZDVVDIH,QDGGLWLRQWKH$FWVSURKL

    ELWLRQ RQO\ DSSOLHVWR WKH GHOLYHU\ RI D OLYLQJ IHWXV

    86& E$HG6XSS,9 ,IWKH LQWDFW

    '(SURFHGXUHLVWUXO\QHFHVVDU\LQVRPHFLUFXPVWDQFHV

    LW DSSHDUV OLNHO\ DQ LQMHFWLRQ WKDW NLOOV WKH IHWXV LV DQDOWHUQDWLYHXQGHUWKH$FWWKDWDOORZVWKHGRFWRUWRSHUIRUP

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    42/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    WKHSURFHGXUH

    7KH LQVWDQW FDVHV WKHQ DUH GLIIHUHQW IURP 3ODQQHG

    3DUHQWKRRG RI&HQWUDO0RY'DQIRUWK86

    LQZKLFKWKH&RXUWLQYDOLGDWHGDEDQRQVDOLQH

    DPQLRFHQWHVLV WKH WKHQGRPLQDQW VHFRQGWULPHVWHU DERU

    WLRQPHWKRG 7KH &RXUWIRXQGWKHEDQ LQ'DQIRUWKWREH

    DQ XQUHDVRQDEOH RU DUELWUDU\ UHJXODWLRQ GHVLJQHG WR

    LQKLELWDQGKDYLQJWKHHIIHFWRILQKLELWLQJWKHYDVWPDMRU

    LW\RIDERUWLRQVDIWHUWKHILUVWZHHNV ,GDW +HUH

    WKH$FWDOORZVDPRQJRWKHUPHDQVDFRPPRQO\XVHGDQG

    JHQHUDOO\ DFFHSWHG PHWKRG VR LW GRHV QRW FRQVWUXFW D

    VXEVWDQWLDOREVWDFOHWRWKHDERUWLRQULJKW,Q UHDFKLQJ WKH FRQFOXVLRQ WKH $FW GRHV QRW UHTXLUH D

    KHDOWKH[FHSWLRQZHUHMHFWFHUWDLQDUJXPHQWVPDGHE\WKH

    SDUWLHVRQERWKVLGHVRIWKHVHFDVHV2QWKHRQHKDQGWKH

    $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO XUJHV XV WR XSKROG WKH $FW RQ WKH EDVLV

    RIWKHFRQJUHVVLRQDOILQGLQJVDORQH%ULHIIRU3HWLWLRQHULQ

    1R DW $OWKRXJK ZH UHYLHZ FRQJUHVVLRQDO

    IDFWILQGLQJXQGHUDGHIHUHQWLDOVWDQGDUGZHGRQRWLQWKH

    FLUFXPVWDQFHV KHUH SODFH GLVSRVLWLYH ZHLJKW RQ &RQJUHVV

    ILQGLQJV 7KH&RXUWUHWDLQVDQLQGHSHQGHQWFRQVWLWXWLRQDO

    GXW\WRUHYLHZIDFWXDOILQGLQJVZKHUHFRQVWLWXWLRQDOULJKWV

    DUH DW VWDNH 6HH &URZHOO Y %HQVRQ 86 ,Q FDVHV EURXJKW WRHQIRUFH FRQVWLWXWLRQDOULJKWV

    WKHMXGLFLDOSRZHURIWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVQHFHVVDULO\H[WHQGV

    WRWKHLQGHSHQGHQWGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIDOOTXHVWLRQVERWKRI

    IDFW DQG ODZ QHFHVVDU\ WR WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKDW VX

    SUHPHIXQFWLRQ

    $V UHVSRQGHQWV KDYH QRWHG DQG WKH 'LVWULFW &RXUWV

    UHFRJQL]HGVRPHUHFLWDWLRQVLQWKH$FWDUHIDFWXDOO\LQFRU

    UHFW 6HH1DW $ERUWLRQ )HGHUDWLRQ )6XSS G DW

    :KHWKHURUQRWDFFXUDWHDWWKHWLPHVRPH

    RI WKH LPSRUWDQW ILQGLQJV KDYH EHHQ VXSHUVHGHG 7ZR

    H[DPSOHVVXIILFH &RQJUHVVGHWHUPLQHGQRPHGLFDOVFKRROV

    SURYLGHLQVWUXFWLRQRQWKHSURKLELWHGSURFHGXUH &RQJUHVVLRQDO )LQGLQJV % LQ QRWHV IROORZLQJ 86&

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    43/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    HG6XSS,9S7KHWHVWLPRQ\LQWKH

    'LVWULFW &RXUWV KRZHYHU GHPRQVWUDWHG LQWDFW '( LV

    WDXJKW DW PHGLFDO VFKRROV 1DW $ERUWLRQ )HGHUDWLRQ

    VXSUD DW 3ODQQHG 3DUHQWKRRG )6XSS G DW

    &RQJUHVVDOVRIRXQGWKHUHH[LVWHGDPHGLFDOFRQVHQ

    VXVWKDWWKHSURKLELWHGSURFHGXUHLVQHYHUPHGLFDOO\QHF

    HVVDU\ &RQJUHVVLRQDO)LQGLQJV LQQRWHVIROORZLQJ

    86&HG6XSS,9S7KHHYLGHQFH

    SUHVHQWHG LQ WKH 'LVWULFW &RXUWV FRQWUDGLFWV WKDW FRQFOX

    VLRQ 6HHHJ&DUKDUWVXSUD DW1DW$ERU

    WLRQ )HGHUDWLRQVXSUD DW 3ODQQHG 3DUHQWKRRG

    VXSUD DW 8QFULWLFDO GHIHUHQFH WR &RQJUHVVIDFWXDOILQGLQJVLQWKHVHFDVHVLVLQDSSURSULDWH

    2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG UHO\LQJ RQ WKH &RXUWV RSLQLRQ LQ

    6WHQEHUJUHVSRQGHQWVFRQWHQGWKDWDQDERUWLRQUHJXODWLRQ

    PXVW FRQWDLQ D KHDOWK H[FHSWLRQ LI VXEVWDQWLDO PHGLFDO

    DXWKRULW\VXSSRUWVWKHSURSRVLWLRQWKDWEDQQLQJDSDUWLFX

    ODU SURFHGXUHFRXOGHQGDQJHUZRPHQVKHDOWK %ULHIIRU

    5HVSRQGHQWV LQ 1R S TXRWLQJ 86 DW

    VHH DOVR %ULHI IRU 5HVSRQGHQW 3ODQQHG 3DUHQWKRRG

    HWDO LQ 1R DW VDPH $V LOOXVWUDWHG E\

    UHVSRQGHQWVDUJXPHQWVDQGWKHGHFLVLRQVRIWKH&RXUWVRI

    $SSHDOV6WHQEHUJKDVEHHQLQWHUSUHWHGWROHDYHQRPDUJLQRIHUURUIRUOHJLVODWXUHVWRDFWLQWKHIDFHRIPHGLFDOXQFHU

    WDLQW\ &DUKDUW )G DW 3ODQQHG 3DUHQWKRRG

    )GDWVHHDOVR1DW$ERUWLRQ)HGHUDWLRQ

    )G DW :DONHU &- FRQFXUULQJ H[SODLQLQJ WKH

    VWDQGDUG XQGHU 6WHQEHUJ LV D YLUWXDOO\ LQVXUPRXQWDEOH

    HYLGHQWLDU\KXUGOH

    $ ]HUR WROHUDQFH SROLF\ ZRXOG VWULNH GRZQ OHJLWLPDWH

    DERUWLRQUHJXODWLRQVOLNH WKHSUHVHQWRQHLIVRPHSDUWRI

    WKH PHGLFDO FRPPXQLW\ ZHUH GLVLQFOLQHG WR IROORZ WKH

    SURVFULSWLRQ7KLVLVWRRH[DFWLQJDVWDQGDUGWRLPSRVHRQ

    WKHOHJLVODWLYHSRZHUH[HUFLVHGLQWKLVLQVWDQFHXQGHUWKH

    &RPPHUFH &ODXVH WR UHJXODWH WKH PHGLFDO SURIHVVLRQ&RQVLGHUDWLRQVRIPDUJLQDOVDIHW\LQFOXGLQJWKHEDODQFHRI

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    44/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    ULVNV DUH ZLWKLQ WKH OHJLVODWLYH FRPSHWHQFH ZKHQ WKH

    UHJXODWLRQ LV UDWLRQDO DQG LQ SXUVXLW RI OHJLWLPDWH HQGV

    :KHQ VWDQGDUG PHGLFDO RSWLRQV DUH DYDLODEOH PHUH FRQ

    YHQLHQFH GRHV QRW VXIILFH WR GLVSODFH WKHP DQG LI VRPH

    SURFHGXUHV KDYH GLIIHUHQW ULVNV WKDQ RWKHUV LW GRHV QRW

    IROORZ WKDW WKH 6WDWH LV DOWRJHWKHU EDUUHG IURP LPSRVLQJ

    UHDVRQDEOHUHJXODWLRQV7KH$FWLVQRWLQYDOLGRQLWVIDFH

    ZKHUHWKHUHLVXQFHUWDLQW\RYHUZKHWKHUWKHEDUUHGSURFH

    GXUHLVHYHUQHFHVVDU\WRSUHVHUYHDZRPDQVKHDOWKJLYHQ

    WKH DYDLODELOLW\ RI RWKHU DERUWLRQ SURFHGXUHV WKDW DUH

    FRQVLGHUHGWREHVDIHDOWHUQDWLYHV

    9

    7KHFRQVLGHUDWLRQV ZH KDYH GLVFXVVHG VXSSRUWRXUIXU

    WKHU GHWHUPLQDWLRQ WKDW WKHVH IDFLDO DWWDFNV VKRXOG QRW

    KDYH EHHQ HQWHUWDLQHG LQ WKH ILUVW LQVWDQFH ,Q WKHVH

    FLUFXPVWDQFHVWKH SURSHUPHDQVWR FRQVLGHU H[FHSWLRQVLV

    E\ DVDSSOLHG FKDOOHQJH 7KH *RYHUQPHQW KDV DFNQRZO

    HGJHG WKDW SUHHQIRUFHPHQW DVDSSOLHG FKDOOHQJHV WR WKH

    $FWFDQEHPDLQWDLQHG7URI2UDO$UJLQ1RSS

    7KLVLVWKHSURSHUPDQQHUWRSURWHFWWKHKHDOWKRI

    WKH ZRPDQ LI LW FDQ EH VKRZQ WKDW LQ GLVFUHWH DQG ZHOO

    GHILQHGLQVWDQFHVDSDUWLFXODUFRQGLWLRQKDVRULVOLNHO\WR

    RFFXULQZKLFKWKHSURFHGXUHSURKLELWHGE\WKH$FWPXVW

    EH XVHG ,Q DQ DVDSSOLHG FKDOOHQJH WKH QDWXUH RI WKH

    PHGLFDOULVNFDQEHEHWWHUTXDQWLILHGDQGEDODQFHGWKDQLQ

    DIDFLDODWWDFN

    7KH ODWLWXGH JLYHQ IDFLDO FKDOOHQJHV LQ WKH )LUVW

    $PHQGPHQW FRQWH[W LV LQDSSOLFDEOH KHUH %URDG FKDO

    OHQJHV RI WKLV W\SH LPSRVH D KHDY\ EXUGHQ XSRQ WKH

    SDUWLHVPDLQWDLQLQJWKHVXLW5XVWY6XOOLYDQ86

    :KDW WKDW EXUGHQ FRQVLVWV RI LQ WKH

    VSHFLILFFRQWH[WRIDERUWLRQVWDWXWHVKDVEHHQDVXEMHFWRI

    VRPHTXHVWLRQ&RPSDUH2KLRY$NURQ&HQWHU IRU5HSUR

    GXFWLYH +HDOWK 86 >%@HFDXVHDSSHOOHHV DUH PDNLQJD IDFLDOFKDOOHQJHWRD VWDWXWH WKH\

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    45/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    PXVWVKRZWKDWQRVHWRIFLUFXPVWDQFHVH[LVWVXQGHUZKLFK

    WKH $FW ZRXOG EH YDOLG LQWHUQDO TXRWDWLRQ PDUNV RPLW

    WHGZLWK&DVH\86DWRSLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    LQGLFDWLQJDVSRXVDOQRWLILFDWLRQVWDWXWHZRXOGLPSRVHDQ

    XQGXHEXUGHQLQDODUJHIUDFWLRQRIWKHFDVHVLQZKLFK>LW@

    LV UHOHYDQW DQG KROGLQJ WKH VWDWXWRU\ SURYLVLRQ IDFLDOO\

    LQYDOLG 6HHDOVR-DQNORZY3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRG 6LRX[

    )DOOV&OLQLF86:HQHHGQRWUHVROYH

    WKDWGHEDWH

    $VWKHSUHYLRXV VHFWLRQV RIWKLVRSLQLRQ H[SODLQ UHVSRQ

    GHQWVKDYHQRWGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWWKH$FWZRXOGEHXQFRQ

    VWLWXWLRQDO LQ D ODUJH IUDFWLRQ RI UHOHYDQW FDVHV &DVH\VXSUD DW RSLQLRQ RI WKH &RXUW :H QRWH WKDW WKH

    VWDWXWH KHUH DSSOLHV WR DOO LQVWDQFHV LQ ZKLFK WKH GRFWRU

    SURSRVHVWRXVHWKHSURKLELWHGSURFHGXUHQRWPHUHO\WKRVH

    LQ ZKLFK WKH ZRPDQ VXIIHUV IURP PHGLFDO FRPSOLFDWLRQV

    ,W LV QHLWKHU RXU REOLJDWLRQ QRU ZLWKLQ RXU WUDGLWLRQDO

    LQVWLWXWLRQDO UROH WR UHVROYH TXHVWLRQV RI FRQVWLWXWLRQDOLW\

    ZLWK UHVSHFW WR HDFK SRWHQWLDO VLWXDWLRQ WKDW PLJKW GH

    YHORS >,@WZRXOGLQGHHGEH XQGHVLUDEOHIRUWKLV&RXUWWR

    FRQVLGHUHYHU\FRQFHLYDEOHVLWXDWLRQZKLFKPLJKWSRVVLEO\

    DULVH LQ WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ RI FRPSOH[ DQG FRPSUHKHQVLYH

    OHJLVODWLRQ 8QLWHG 6WDWHV Y 5DLQHV 86 LQWHUQDO TXRWDWLRQ PDUNV RPLWWHG )RU WKLV UHD

    VRQ>D@VDSSOLHGFKDOOHQJHVDUHWKHEDVLFEXLOGLQJEORFNV

    RI FRQVWLWXWLRQDO DGMXGLFDWLRQ )DOORQ $V$SSOLHG DQG

    )DFLDO &KDOOHQJHV DQG 7KLUG3DUW\ 6WDQGLQJ +DUY

    /5HY

    7KH $FW LV RSHQ WR D SURSHU DVDSSOLHG FKDOOHQJH LQ D

    GLVFUHWHFDVH&I:LVFRQVLQ5LJKWWR/LIH,QF Y)HGHUDO

    (OHFWLRQ &RPPQ 86 SHU

    FXULDP 1R DVDSSOLHG FKDOOHQJH QHHG EHEURXJKW LI WKH

    SURKLELWLRQLQWKH$FWWKUHDWHQVDZRPDQVOLIHEHFDXVHWKH

    $FWDOUHDG\FRQWDLQVDOLIHH[FHSWLRQ 86&D

    HG6XSS,9

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    46/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB2SLQLRQRIWKH&RXUW

    5HVSRQGHQWVKDYHQRWGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWWKH$FWDVD

    IDFLDOPDWWHULVYRLGIRUYDJXHQHVVRUWKDWLWLPSRVHVDQ

    XQGXHEXUGHQRQDZRPDQVULJKWWRDERUWLRQEDVHGRQLWV

    RYHUEUHDGWKRUODFN RID KHDOWKH[FHSWLRQ )RUWKHVH UHD

    VRQVWKHMXGJPHQWVRIWKH&RXUWVRI$SSHDOVIRUWKH(LJKWK

    DQG1LQWK&LUFXLWVDUHUHYHUVHG

    ,WLVVRRUGHUHG

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    47/73

    BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

    BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    7+20$6-FRQFXUULQJ

    6835(0(&28572)7+(81,7('67$7(6

    1RVDQG

    $/%(5725*21=$/(6$77251(

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    48/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    7+20$6-FRQFXUULQJ

    LVRXWVLGHWKHTXHVWLRQSUHVHQWHGDQGWKHORZHUFRXUWVGLG

    QRW DGGUHVV LW 6HH&XWWHU Y :LONLQVRQ 86

    Q7+20$6-FRQFXUULQJ

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    49/73

    BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

    BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    *,16%85*-GLVVHQWLQJ

    6835(0(&28572)7+(81,7('67$7(6

    1RVDQG

    $/%(5725*21=$/(6$77251(

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    50/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    *,16%85*-GLVVHQWLQJ

    GXUHV ,ELG

    7DNLQJFDUHWRVSHDNSODLQO\WKH&DVH\&RXUWUHVWDWHG

    DQGUHDIILUPHG5RHVHVVHQWLDOKROGLQJ86DW

    )LUVWWKH&RXUWDGGUHVVHGWKHW\SHRIDERUWLRQUHJX

    ODWLRQ SHUPLVVLEOH SULRU WR IHWDO YLDELOLW\ ,W UHFRJQL]HG

    WKH ULJKW RI WKH ZRPDQ WR FKRRVH WR KDYH DQ DERUWLRQ

    EHIRUH YLDELOLW\ DQG WR REWDLQ LW ZLWKRXW XQGXH LQWHUIHU

    HQFHIURPWKH6WDWH ,GDW 6HFRQG WKH &RXUWDF

    NQRZOHGJHG WKH 6WDWHV SRZHU WR UHVWULFW DERUWLRQVDIWHU

    IHWDOYLDELOLW\LIWKHODZFRQWDLQVH[FHSWLRQVIRUSUHJQDQ

    FLHV ZKLFK HQGDQJHU WKH ZRPDQV OLIH RU KHDOWK ,ELG

    HPSKDVLV DGGHG 7KLUG WKH &RXUW FRQILUPHG WKDW WKH6WDWHKDVOHJLWLPDWHLQWHUHVWVIURPWKHRXWVHWRIWKHSUHJ

    QDQF\LQSURWHFWLQJWKHKHDOWKRIWKHZRPDQDQGWKHOLIHRI

    WKH IHWXV WKDW PD\ EHFRPH D FKLOG ,ELG HPSKDVLV

    DGGHG

    ,Q UHDIILUPLQJ5RHWKH&DVH\&RXUW GHVFULEHG WKHFHQ

    WUDOLW\RIWKHGHFLVLRQZKHWKHUWREHDUDFKLOG(LVHQ

    VWDGW Y%DLUG 86 WR D ZRPDQV

    GLJQLW\ DQG DXWRQRP\ KHU SHUVRQKRRG DQG GHVWLQ\

    KHUFRQFHSWLRQRIKHUSODFHLQVRFLHW\86DW

    2I VLJQDO LPSRUWDQFH KHUH WKH &DVH\ &RXUW

    VWDWHG ZLWK XQPLVWDNDEOH FODULW\ WKDW VWDWH UHJXODWLRQ RIDFFHVV WR DERUWLRQ SURFHGXUHV HYHQ DIWHU YLDELOLW\ PXVW

    SURWHFWWKHKHDOWKRIWKHZRPDQ ,GDW

    6HYHQ\HDUVDJRLQ6WHQEHUJY&DUKDUW86

    WKH&RXUWLQYDOLGDWHGD1HEUDVNDVWDWXWHFULPLQDO

    L]LQJWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIDPHGLFDOSURFHGXUHWKDWLQWKH

    SROLWLFDODUHQDKDVEHHQGXEEHGSDUWLDOELUWKDERUWLRQ

    7KHWHUPSDUWLDOELUWKDERUWLRQLVQHLWKHUUHFRJQL]HGLQWKHPHGL

    FDO OLWHUDWXUH QRU XVHG E\ SK\VLFLDQV ZKR SHUIRUP VHFRQGWULPHVWHU

    DERUWLRQV6HH3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRG)HGHUDWLRQRI$PY$VKFURIW

    )6XSSG1'&DODIIG)G&$

    7KH PHGLFDO FRPPXQLW\ UHIHUV WR WKH SURFHGXUH DV HLWKHU GLODWLRQ H[WUDFWLRQ';RU LQWDFWGLODWLRQ DQGHYDFXDWLRQLQWDFW'(6HH

    HJDQWHDW6WHQEHUJY&DUKDUW86

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    51/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    *,16%85*-GLVVHQWLQJ

    :LWKILGHOLW\WRWKH5RH&DVH\OLQHRISUHFHGHQWWKH&RXUW

    KHOG WKH 1HEUDVND VWDWXWH XQFRQVWLWXWLRQDO LQ SDUW EH

    FDXVH LW ODFNHG WKH UHTXLVLWH SURWHFWLRQ IRU WKH SUHVHUYD

    WLRQRIDZRPDQVKHDOWK6WHQEHUJ86DWFI

    $\RWWHY3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRG RI1RUWKHUQ1HZ(QJ

    86

    7RGD\V GHFLVLRQ LV DODUPLQJ ,W UHIXVHV WR WDNH&DVH\

    DQG 6WHQEHUJ VHULRXVO\ ,W WROHUDWHV LQGHHG DSSODXGV

    IHGHUDOLQWHUYHQWLRQWR EDQQDWLRQZLGH DSURFHGXUHIRXQG

    QHFHVVDU\ DQG SURSHU LQ FHUWDLQ FDVHV E\ WKH $PHULFDQ

    &ROOHJH RI 2EVWHWULFLDQV DQG *\QHFRORJLVWV $&2* ,W

    EOXUVWKHOLQHILUPO\GUDZQLQ&DVH\EHWZHHQSUHYLDELOLW\DQGSRVWYLDELOLW\DERUWLRQV$QGIRUWKHILUVWWLPHVLQFH

    5RH WKH &RXUW EOHVVHV D SURKLELWLRQ ZLWK QR H[FHSWLRQ

    VDIHJXDUGLQJDZRPDQVKHDOWK

    ,GLVVHQW IURPWKH &RXUWVGLVSRVLWLRQ 5HWUHDWLQJIURP

    SULRUUXOLQJVWKDWDERUWLRQUHVWULFWLRQVFDQQRWEHLPSRVHG

    DEVHQW DQ H[FHSWLRQ VDIHJXDUGLQJ D ZRPDQV KHDOWK WKH

    &RXUWXSKROGVDQ$FWWKDWVXUHO\ZRXOGQRWVXUYLYHXQGHU

    WKH FORVH VFUXWLQ\ WKDW SUHYLRXVO\ DWWHQGHG VWDWHGHFUHHG

    OLPLWDWLRQVRQDZRPDQVUHSURGXFWLYHFKRLFHV

    ,$

    $V&DVH\ FRPSUHKHQGHG DW VWDNH LQ FDVHV FKDOOHQJLQJ

    DERUWLRQUHVWULFWLRQVLVD ZRPDQV FRQWURO RYHU KHU>RZQ@

    GHVWLQ\ 86 DW SOXUDOLW\ RSLQLRQ 6HH DOVR

    LGDWPDMRULW\RSLQLRQ7KHUHZDVDWLPHQRWVR

    ORQJ DJR ZKHQ ZRPHQ ZHUH UHJDUGHG DV WKH FHQWHU RI

    KRPH DQGIDPLO\OLIH ZLWK DWWHQGDQW VSHFLDOUHVSRQVLELOL

    3ODQQHG 3DUHQWKRRG RI 6RXWKHDVWHUQ 3D Y &DVH\ 86

    GHVFULEHG PRUH SUHFLVHO\ WKDQ GLG5RH Y:DGH

    86WKHLPSDFWRIDERUWLRQUHVWULFWLRQVRQZRPHQVOLEHUW\

    5RHVIRFXVZDV LQFRQVLGHUDEOHPHDVXUHRQ YLQGLFDW>LQJ@WKH ULJKW RIWKHSK\VLFLDQWR DGPLQLVWHUPHGLFDOWUHDWPHQWDFFRUGLQJWRKLVSURIHV

    VLRQDOMXGJPHQW,GDW

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    52/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    *,16%85*-GLVVHQWLQJ

    WLHV WKDW SUHFOXGHG IXOO DQG LQGHSHQGHQW OHJDO VWDWXV

    XQGHUWKH&RQVWLWXWLRQ ,GDWTXRWLQJ+R\WY

    )ORULGD86 7KRVHYLHZVWKLV&RXUW

    PDGH FOHDU LQ&DVH\ DUH QR ORQJHU FRQVLVWHQW ZLWK RXU

    XQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHIDPLO\WKHLQGLYLGXDORUWKH&RQVWL

    WXWLRQ 86 DW :RPHQ LW LV QRZ DFNQRZO

    HGJHGKDYHWKHWDOHQWFDSDFLW\DQG ULJKWWRSDUWLFLSDWH

    HTXDOO\LQWKHHFRQRPLFDQGVRFLDOOLIHRIWKH1DWLRQ ,G

    DW 7KHLU DELOLW\ WR UHDOL]H WKHLU IXOO SRWHQWLDO WKH

    &RXUWUHFRJQL]HGLVLQWLPDWHO\FRQQHFWHGWRWKHLUDELOLW\

    WR FRQWURO WKHLU UHSURGXFWLYH OLYHV ,ELG 7KXV OHJDO

    FKDOOHQJHVWRXQGXHUHVWULFWLRQVRQDERUWLRQSURFHGXUHVGRQRWVHHN WR YLQGLFDWH VRPH JHQHUDOL]HGQRWLRQ RI SULYDF\

    UDWKHUWKH\FHQWHURQDZRPDQVDXWRQRP\WRGHWHUPLQH

    KHUOLIHVFRXUVHDQGWKXVWRHQMR\HTXDOFLWL]HQVKLSVWDW

    XUH 6HHHJ6LHJHO5HDVRQLQJIURPWKH%RG\$+LVWRUL

    FDO 3HUVSHFWLYH RQ $ERUWLRQ 5HJXODWLRQ DQG 4XHVWLRQV RI

    (TXDO 3URWHFWLRQ 6WDQ /5HY /DZ 5H

    WKLQNLQJ6H[DQGWKH&RQVWLWXWLRQ83D/5HY

    ,Q NHHSLQJ ZLWK WKLV FRPSUHKHQVLRQ RI WKH ULJKW WR UH

    SURGXFWLYHFKRLFHWKH&RXUWKDVFRQVLVWHQWO\UHTXLUHGWKDW

    ODZVUHJXODWLQJDERUWLRQDWDQ\VWDJHRISUHJQDQF\DQGLQDOO FDVHV VDIHJXDUG D ZRPDQV KHDOWK 6HHHJ$\RWWH

    86 DW >2@XU SUHFHGHQWV KROG WKDW D

    6WDWHPD\QRWUHVWULFWDFFHVVWRDERUWLRQVWKDWDUHQHFHV

    VDU\LQDSSURSULDWHPHGLFDOMXGJPHQWIRUSUHVHUYDWLRQRI

    WKH OLIH RU KHDOWK RI WKH >ZRPDQ@ TXRWLQJ &DVH\

    86 DW SOXUDOLW\ RSLQLRQ6WHQEHUJ 86 DW

    6LQFHWKHODZUHTXLUHVDKHDOWKH[FHSWLRQLQRUGHUWR

    YDOLGDWH HYHQ D SRVWYLDELOLW\ DERUWLRQ UHJXODWLRQ LW DW D

    PLQLPXP UHTXLUHV WKH VDPH LQ UHVSHFW WR SUHYLDELOLW\

    UHJXODWLRQ 6HHDOVR7KRUQEXUJKY$PHULFDQ&ROOHJHRI

    2EVWHWULFLDQV DQG *\QHFRORJLVWV 86

    LQYDOLGDWLQJDSRVWYLDELOLW\DERUWLRQUHJXODWLRQIRUIDLO>XUH@ WR UHTXLUHWKDW >DSUHJQDQW ZRPDQV@ KHDOWK EH

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    53/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    *,16%85*-GLVVHQWLQJ

    WKHSK\VLFLDQVSDUDPRXQWFRQVLGHUDWLRQ

    :HKDYHWKXVUXOHGWKDWD6WDWHPXVWDYRLGVXEMHFWLQJ

    ZRPHQWRKHDOWKULVNVQRWRQO\ZKHUHWKHSUHJQDQF\LWVHOI

    FUHDWHV GDQJHU EXW DOVR ZKHUH VWDWH UHJXODWLRQ IRUFHV

    ZRPHQ WR UHVRUW WR OHVV VDIH PHWKRGV RI DERUWLRQ 6HH

    3ODQQHG3DUHQWKRRGRI&HQWUDO0RY'DQIRUWK86

    KROGLQJXQFRQVWLWXWLRQDODEDQRQDPHWKRG

    RI DERUWLRQ WKDW IRUFH>G@ D ZRPDQ WR WHUPLQDWH KHU

    SUHJQDQF\ E\ PHWKRGV PRUH GDQJHURXV WR KHU KHDOWK

    6HH DOVR6WHQEHUJ 86 DW >2XU FDVHV@ PDNH

    FOHDU WKDW D ULVN WR ZRPHQV KHDOWK LV WKH VDPH

    ZKHWKHULW KDSSHQVWR DULVH IURP UHJXODWLQJ D SDUWLFXODUPHWKRG RI DERUWLRQ RU IURP EDUULQJ DERUWLRQ HQWLUHO\

    ,QGHHGZHKDYHDSSOLHGWKHUXOHWKDWDERUWLRQUHJXODWLRQ

    PXVWVDIHJXDUGDZRPDQVKHDOWKWRWKHSDUWLFXODUSURFH

    GXUHDWLVVXHKHUHLQWDFWGLODWLRQDQGHYDFXDWLRQ'(

    'LODWLRQDQGHYDFXDWLRQ'(LVWKHPRVWIUHTXHQWO\XVHGDERUWLRQ

    SURFHGXUHGXULQJWKH VHFRQG WULPHVWHURI SUHJQDQF\ LQWDFW '(LV D

    YDULDQWRIWKH'(SURFHGXUH6HHDQWHDW6WHQEHUJ86DW

    3ODQQHG 3DUHQWKRRG )6XSS G DW 6HFRQG

    WULPHVWHU DERUWLRQV LH PLGSUHJQDQF\ SUHYLDELOLW\ DERUWLRQV DUH

    KRZHYHU UHODWLYHO\ XQFRPPRQ %HWZHHQ DQG SHUFHQW RI DOO

    DERUWLRQV SHUIRUPHG LQWKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHVWDNHSODFHGXULQJ WKH ILUVWWKUHH PRQWKV RI SUHJQDQF\ 6HHDQWH DW 6HH DOVR6WHQEHUJ

    86 DW 1DWLRQDO $ERUWLRQ )HGHUDWLRQ Y $VKFURIW

    )6XSS G 6'1

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    54/73

    *21=$/(6Y&$5+$57

    *,16%85*-GLVVHQWLQJ

    ,Q6WHQEHUJ ZH H[SUHVVO\ KHOG WKDW D VWDWXWH EDQQLQJ

    LQWDFW'(ZDVXQFRQVWLWXWLRQDOLQSDUWEHFDXVHLWODFNHG

    DKHDOWKH[FHSWLRQ86DW:HQRWHGWKDW

    WKHUH H[LVWHG D GLYLVLRQ RI PHGLFDO RSLQLRQ DERXW WKH

    UHODWLYH VDIHW\ RI LQWDFW '( LG DW EXW ZH PDGH

    FOHDU WKDW DV ORQJ DV VXEVWDQWLDO PHGLFDODXWKRULW\ VXS

    SRUWV WKH SURSRVLWLRQ WKDW EDQQLQJ D SDUWLFXODU DERUWLRQ

    SURFHGXUH FRXOG HQGDQJHU ZRPHQV KHDOWK D KHDOWK H[

    FHSWLRQLVUHTXLUHGLGDW:HH[SODLQHG

    7KHZRUGQHFHVVDU\LQ&DVH\VSKUDVHQHFHVVDU\

    LQDSSURSULDWHPHGLFDOMXGJPHQWIRUWKHSUHVHUYDWLRQ

    RIWKHOLIHRU KHDOWKRIWKH>SUHJQDQW ZRPDQ@FDQQRW

    UHIHU WR DQ DEVROXWH QHFHVVLW\ RU WR DEVROXWH SURRI

    0HGLFDO WUHDWPHQWV DQGSURFHGXUHV DUH RIWHQ FRQVLG

    HUHG DSSURSULDWH RU LQDSSURSULDWH LQ OLJKW RI HVWL

    PDWHGFRPSDUDWLYHKHDOWKULVNVDQGKHDOWKEHQHILWV

    LQSDUWLFXODUFDVHV 1HLWKHUFDQ WKDW SKUDVHUHTXLUH

    XQDQLPLW\RI PHGLFDORSLQLRQ'RFWRUVRIWHQGLIIHULQ

    WKHLU HVWLPDWLRQ RI FRPSDUDWLYH KHDOWK ULVNV DQG DS

    SURSULDWHWUHDWPHQW $QG&DVH\VZRUGVDSSURSULDWH

    PHGLFDO MXGJPHQW PXVW HPERG\ WKH MXGLFLDO QHHG WR

    WROHUDWH UHVSRQVLEOH GLIIHUHQFHV RI PHGLFDO RSLQLRQ

    ,GDWFLWDWLRQRPLWWHG

    7KXV ZH UHDVRQHG GLYLVLRQ LQ PHGLFDO RSLQLRQ DW PRVW

    PHDQV XQFHUWDLQW\ D IDFWRU WKDW VLJQDOV WKH SUHVHQFH RI

    DUHSUHJQDQW 6HYHUHIHWDODQRPDOLHVDQGKHDOWKSUREOHPVFRQIURQWLQJ

    WKH SUHJQDQW ZRPDQ DUH DOVR FDXVHV RI VHFRQGWULPHVWHU DERUWLRQV

    PDQ\VXFKFRQGLWLRQVFDQQRWEHGLDJQRVHGRUGRQRWGHYHORSXQWLOWKH

    VHFRQGWULPHVWHU6HHHJ)LQHUVXSUDDW)&XQQLQJKDPHWDO

    :LOOLDPV2EVWHWULFVGHGFI6FKHFKWPDQ

    *UD\%DW\5RWKPDQ'HFLVLRQ0DNLQJIRU7HUPLQDWLRQRI3UHJQDQ

    FLHVZLWK)HWDO$QRPDOLHV$QDO\VLVRI 3UHJQDQFLHV2EVWHW

    ULFV*\QHFRORJ\)HEQHDUO\DOOZRPHQFDUU\LQJ

    IHWXVHVZLWKWKH PRVWVHULRXVFHQWUDOQHUYRXVV\VWHPDQRPDOLHVFKRVHWRDERUWWKHLUSUHJQDQFLHV

  • 7/31/2019 Partial Birth Abortion Supreme Court Decision 2007

    55/73

    &LWHDV 86BBBB

    *,16%85*-GLVVHQWLQJ

    ULVNQRWLWVDEVHQFH ,ELG >$@VWDWXWH WKDW DOWRJHWKHU

    IRUELGV >LQWDFW '(@ FRQ