participation, publication, persistence & platforms

Virtual Biodiversity

ViBRANT

Publication, Persistence,

Platforms & Participation

Gregor Hagedorn

Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI)

Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics

Berlin, Germany

ViBRANTVirtual Biodiversity

Published under Creative Commons by-sa 3.0 (unless marked otherwise)


ViBRANT

Taxonomy 1.0= Linnean Taxonomy, Nomenclature, Printed Publications, Types

Taxonomy 1.1= Digitally accessible “fact” databases: EMBL/Genbank/BoL, Species 2000, GBIF – Owned and administered efforts

Taxonomy 2.0= Moving publishing and creativity to the web, sharing and re-using content?

Web 1.0 = Internet of interlinked competing publishing sites: Private homepages, Publishers (Springer, Elsevier), Companies (Amazon, Google, Yahoo)

Web 2.0 = Platforms offering Collaboration and Service:Wikipedia, Blogsphere, Facebook, etc.

A not fully serious comparison:


ViBRANT

Publication= make information

available to the public

To whom is clear.

Who did it and how is not defined


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Publication

Who did it =

Authorship, Creatorship, Attribution, Responsibility,Bibliometry/scientometryCopyright

Important topics for ViBRANT

… but not elaborated in this talk.


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Publication

How was it published?

Books Journals NewspapersOnline


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Publication

(Raysonho & Carl Spitzweg Public Domain, Lin Kristensen cc by)


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Publication

(Unknown, Bundesarchiv cc by-sa 3.0)


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Publication

(Tasto, cc by-sa 3.0; Anonymous painter, Public Domain)


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Publication

Publications may or may not be persistent


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Publication

Online publications are very much not persistent


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Publication

The White House, a Drupal site:


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Publication

(US Government Public Domain)


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Publication

Online publications are very much not persistent.

Regression.


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Publication


Bug reports tobugzilla.human-culture.org


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Publication


But of course:Choice what to preserve ...

Practicality ...Personality rights – right to forget ...


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Publication


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Publication

World wide webB E T A

2011


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Publication

How do most scientistssee online publications?


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Publication

(Tasto, cc by-sa 3.0; Anonymous painter, Public Domain)


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Persistence


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Persistence= reliable information

retrieval at a later time

= unchanged

= trust


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Persistence

Persistence:

= Paper and Libraries

= Digital formats and Libraries(trying …)

= Other memory institutions


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Persistence

Commercial Persistence:

= as long as it sells

Not: out of print books, older movies on DVD, web pages that gain too little income.


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Persistence

Persistence on the web:

= Universities and Museums?(usually they need to “move on” – exceptions exist)


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Persistence


= Internet Archive?(in part, but largely a copyright violation)


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Persistence


= PDF?


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Persistence


= PDF?

A case of mimicry?(false transfer of properties by similarity)

(Henry Walter Bates 1862, Public Domain)


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Persistence

Achieving persistence on the web:

= Legal license frameworks

= Shared platforms


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What is an “Online-Publication”?

Goal: Like reliable, persistent copies in a library

(Wolfgang Sauber, cc-by-sa 3.0, from Commons)

Reality: Newspaper in shop window

(Jochen Jansen, cc-by-sa 3.0, from Commons)

“To publish into the Internet” = Shop window.

Without license, online publishers are shop windows!

(Rob Qld., cc-by, from Commons)


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Will the bread remain

behind glass panes?


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We need a better word for

“Online-Publication”!


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Part of the solution:


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Persistence


= Legal license frameworks

= Shared platforms


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Persistence

Shared platforms

• enough backing institutions

• a critical mass (and value) of content

Examples

• EDIT / Scratchpad / ViBRANT

• Wikimedia Foundation


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Persistence

Content rules!

(if function is good enough...)


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Persistence

Content rules!

Biodiversity Heritage Library is exciting!


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Persistence

EoL: no content, only function

ViBRANT: Content development,publishing workflowteaming with publishers


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Persistence

EoL: no content, only function

Similar to Google ?

Negative Allelopathybetween EoL and Google?


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Mortality


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Persistence – Philosophical aside

Since we are immortal …

and since it is really annoying if someone changes the rules or drops your work while we still live …

the private web site is really the safest solution …


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Persistence – Philosophical aside

Problem for ViBRANT:

How to convince people they are mortal?


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Platforms


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Platforms• Persistence (collaboration in persistence)

• Quality (collaboration in quality)

• Ease of publishing (distribution of work)

• Re-use of content (open content licenses)

• Technical synergies (infrastructure)


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Participation• Organisations

• Authors

• Developers


• Authors

• Developers


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1. Platforms are brands

Brands can be shared


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Branded platforms can ensure publishing esteem• Journals do this

• Classical esteem by respected previous works

• Citation index not practical on individual works


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Journals do it.Publishers do it.

(© ViBRANT FP7 Project, cc-by-NC-sa 3.0)


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ViBRANT SHOULD DO IT.




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Worry:




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Worry:

(© EDIT FP7 Project, cc-by-NC-sa 3.0)


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Scratchpads: = Invisible Infrastructure


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With many visible, but fragmented online “books” or “broschures” on top


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Danger of fragmentation:Less attraction

No “must have, must learn”


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2. Publishing quality


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Participation and Publication Quality

Review on publication platforms may be anonymous as in classical print journals

Or: reviewers comment openly– as in Open Review Journals


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Criticism is dangerous.

It can be seen as an attack.

It may sometimes even be wrong.

It may endanger future collaborations.


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Most German scientists have a criticism inhibition – that is, it is difficult to obtain honest criticism.


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Germans are impolite.


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→ Most non-German scientists have a STRONG criticism inhibition?


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How to manage and express anonymous review on publication platforms?

Or rather: How to mix open mass review with quality review?


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Publication Quality

Quality of publication depends on

1. authors’ qualification

2. authors’ pain cycles

3. quality review


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Publication Quality

Pain cycle in journal publishing:

1. Lead author writes and aggregates

2. Co-authors review the whole

3. Internal review by a colleague

4. Journal submission and review

5. Revisions, re-submission


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Publication Quality

Pain cycle in web self-publishing:

1. Lead author writes and aggregates

2. Co-authors review the whole

3. Internal review by a colleague

4. Journal submission and review

5. Revisions, re-submission

6. Ideally: mass-review …


• Authors

• Developers


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Platforms

What motivates to collaborate?• Sharing work to reach goals beyond one’s own

resources

• Persistence of publishing action

• Credit as accepted publication

• Sense of co-ownership

• Sense of co-responsibility

• Interactions with colleagues: positive and negative feedback


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Platforms

What motivates to not collaborate?• Incompatible software frameworks

• Optimization for specialized use cases

• Commercial exploitation plans

• Publishing exploitation plans

• Funding rules (Shared platforms seen as “previous projects”)

• Lack of trust

• Interactions with colleagues


• Authors

• Developers


ViBRANT

Technical and social

Analysis of

MediaWiki as a

Collaboration Platform

Traditional

Wiki-centric = a Service Oriented Architecture

Wiki-centric = a Service Oriented Architecture

Creators:

Scientists &

Amateurs

lorem ipsum lorem ipsum

lorem ipsum

[[Linking]]

[[:Category:Index]]

Any

data entry

(laborious)

Standard web

rendering

Identification

and other

query tools

Indexing database

aka uBio, EoL ... J

Repository database

Develop

DevelopDevelop

Develop

Develop

Develop

TemplateDevelop

Extension

© G. Hagedorn, cc-by-sa 3.0

Specialized

tools

(comfortable)

Advanced or

graphic reportsAnalysis

Service


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Shift power from developers to users!


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Layers of participation in development:

Base software

Extensions

Templates

Content creation

Shift power from developers to users!


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Wrap up


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Platforms overcome borders

Platforms

(Author: Ziegelbrenner,

cc by 2.5, from Commons)


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Platforms

• Individual borders in a fragmented Europe

• Lots of tariffs

• Lots of currencies

To …

From EC/EU …

Goal: “developing and

explaining the legal and

technical infrastructure

required to make “open”

work…”

(© creativecommons.org, CC by)


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Platforms

• No borders

• No tariffs

• No currencies

≠


→


CC-non-commercial most likely

excludes use by most

non-profit organisations


OK for: Private persons and

governmental institutions having

complete separate income


Use probably not allowed by

organisations the income of which

can increase as a result of their use

of CC non-commercial licensed

materials (text, media, etc.)


Even non-profit, wellfare and charitable

societies typically can have increased

income through increased membership,

admission (museum!) or course fees,

advertisement revenues, etc.


“Probably not allowed”

= not clearly defined in the license,

= studies made by Creative

Commons were inconclusive,

= waits for a court case!



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Set examples of open source.

BE A LION!

Use CC by or CC by-sa without a non-commercial or

non-derivative clause


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Presently:

Content is not shared – re-use remains largely limited to original authors.

Publication is typically made through publishers claiming exclusive copyright.

Scientific data are lost in gray areas of copyright.


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Envy the productivity achieved in open source software development(a community…)

Envy the productivity achieved by Wikipedia(a community…)

Uselicenses without a “non-commercial” clause for content.

(© creativecommons.org, CC by; Tambako the Jaguar, CC by 2.0, from Commons)

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