Participatory community Participatory community development plan: a vehicle for development plan: a vehicle for

knowledge sharing and knowledge sharing and sustainable developmentsustainable development

MashreqMaghreb

Developing Sustainable Livelihoods of Agropastoral

Communities of WANA (M&M III)

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33

Mashreq-Maghreb Project evolved from technology development at

plot level to community empowerment

2008

Problems addressed by M&MProblems addressed by M&M Low & fluctuating productivity of crops Low & fluctuating productivity of crops

and livestockand livestock Poor involvement of rural womenPoor involvement of rural women Increased degradation of rangelandsIncreased degradation of rangelands Poor participation of communities/people Poor participation of communities/people

in the local developmentin the local development Inefficient extension, top down (linear TT) Inefficient extension, top down (linear TT)

technology transfer (low adoption of technology transfer (low adoption of available technologies)available technologies)

Constraining land tenure & property Constraining land tenure & property rights (the commons)rights (the commons)

Poor investment in arid areas due to lack Poor investment in arid areas due to lack of appropriate policiesof appropriate policies

5

ICARDA/M&M – IFAD working together…

Develop methodologies and tools for participatory management of natural resources in arid agropastoral areas

Empower agro communities through the creation of community-based organizations (CBO)

Getting policymakers at the local and national level to realize that technical, policy, and institutional options (TIPOs) must be strongly linked and integrated for a successful and sustainable rural development

Enhance on-going research and development initiatives using community participatory tools through a sound training program targeting all stakeholders.

6

Where do we stand today ?From participation, to local development, to self-reliance

and empowerment of agropastoral communities

Passive participation: people are not against…

In kind contribution (labor force)

Financial contribution

Consultation: Participation “at a second degree »

Negotiation: active participation

Co-management: Emergence of CBOs

Self-reliance of CBOs (empowerment)

1970

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Participatory technology testing: the adoption process

CommunityCommunity

ModelingModelingScenariosScenarios

Develop. & Transferof Technologies

Policy & Property Rights Studies

Agro-Ecological Characterization

Validation with community representatives

Private sector NGOs

Public institutions Other communities

Presentation to decision-makers

CommunityCommunityCommunityCommunityCommunity

ModelingScenariosScenarios

Develop. & Transferof Technologies

Policy & Property Rights Studies

Agro-Ecological Characterization Develop. & Transfer

of TechnologiesPolicy & Property

Rights Studies

Agro-Ecological Characterization

Validation with community representatives

Private sectorPrivate sector NGOsNGOs

Public institutions

Public institutions Other communitiesOther communities

Presentation to decision-makers

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Tools & methodologies to implement PA and CDP in agro pastoral communities

99ICARDA second science week 2009

Participatory Community Development Participatory Community Development Plan: Methodology/ Steps and toolsPlan: Methodology/ Steps and tools

Step 1.Step 1. Participatory Participatory characterizationcharacterization of the of the Community (territory and users): knowledge/learning Community (territory and users): knowledge/learning phase phase

Step 2.Step 2. Participatory Participatory diagnosis & planningdiagnosis & planning

Step 3.Step 3. Participatory Participatory programmingprogramming

Step 4.Step 4. Characterization & promotion of Characterization & promotion of community-community-based organizationsbased organizations

Step 5.Step 5. ImplementationImplementation and and Monitoring and EvaluationMonitoring and Evaluation

Process based on group animation and multi-disciplinary team work

NRM and local development is the responsibility of all ….

But the final decision is the business of the community ….

1. Institutionalization of the Community Approach (CA) and Implementation of Community Development Plans (CDPs) (outcome “A successful framework for community-based participatory research in WANA/ score 8.6”) 25 Agropastoral communities in IFAD-funded

project in Tunisia; Agropastoral communities in IFAD-funded project

in Morocco Agropastoral communties in Algeria, Syria, and

Jordan Legal framework of CBOs

1212

Impacts of M&M projectImpacts of M&M project

Impacts of M&M projectImpacts of M&M project

2. Changes in the research and development paradigm for the dry areas:

i. The CA and its different components is contributing to the establishment of an integrated framework for the development of dry areas;

ii. Policymakers at the local and national level have come to realize that policy, technical, and institutional options are not and cannot be dissociated from each other if they seek to foster successful rural development.

LivelihoodsStrategies

Policies,Institutions

andProcesses

VulnerabilityContext

Shocks

Trends

Seasonability

LivelihoodOutcomes

more income

increased well-being

reduced vulnerability

Improved food security

More sustainable use of NR base

Livelihoods Assets

Influence& access

In o

rde

r to

ac

hie

ve

KeyH = Human CapitalN = Natural CapitalF = Financial CapitalS = Social CapitalP = Physical Capital

H

N

FP

S LivelihoodsStrategies

Policies,Institutions

andProcesses

VulnerabilityContext

Shocks

Trends

Seasonability

LivelihoodOutcomes

more income

increased well-being

reduced vulnerability

Improved food security

More sustainable use of NR base

Livelihoods Assets

Influence& access

In o

rde

r to

ac

hie

ve

KeyH = Human CapitalN = Natural CapitalF = Financial CapitalS = Social CapitalP = Physical Capital

H

N

FP

S

Conceptual ModelConceptual Model

TIPOs

1414

6.6. Knowledge development and sharing/ Knowledge development and sharing/ NetworkingNetworking

Network of more than 80 scientists from mashreq Network of more than 80 scientists from mashreq and Maghreband Maghreb

M&M Website (M&M Website (www.mashreq-maghreb.orgwww.mashreq-maghreb.org)) M&M News: biannual (5 issues)M&M News: biannual (5 issues) Publication of field manual on CA and CDP (English) Publication of field manual on CA and CDP (English)

and in collaboration with Karianet (Arabic)and in collaboration with Karianet (Arabic) Technical booklets (Rangeland improvement & mgt, Technical booklets (Rangeland improvement & mgt,

Sheep husbandry & reproduction improvement)Sheep husbandry & reproduction improvement) Scientific papers in refereed journalsScientific papers in refereed journals

1515

Impacts of M&M projectImpacts of M&M project

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Knowledge development and dissemination (M&M I& II):

Selected examples

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Knowledge development and dissemination (M&M I& II):

Selected examples

BOT Meeting, Amman Nov. 2008BOT Meeting, Amman Nov. 2008 1818

Knowledge development and dissemination (M&M I& II):

Selected examples

www.mashreq-maghreb.orgwww.mashreq-maghreb.org

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Knowledge development and sharingKnowledge development and sharing

BOT Meeting, Amman Nov. 2008BOT Meeting, Amman Nov. 2008 2020

Knowledge development and sharingKnowledge development and sharing

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9.9. Development Projects benefit from M&M!Development Projects benefit from M&M!

Barani Project, PakistanBarani Project, Pakistan Kordofan project, SudanKordofan project, Sudan Siliana & Zaghouan Projects, TunisiaSiliana & Zaghouan Projects, Tunisia PRODESUD, TunisiaPRODESUD, Tunisia PDPEO, MoroccoPDPEO, Morocco PDRTT, MoroccoPDRTT, Morocco Oued Safsaf, AlgeriaOued Safsaf, Algeria ARMPII (Jordan), ARMPII (Jordan), Badia (Syria), Badia (Syria), KARIANET/IDRCKARIANET/IDRC

2222

Impacts of M&M projectImpacts of M&M project

Key messagesKey messages

M&M revised and developed good technologies and approaches for livestock-based systems to adapt to drought and to promote investment in dry areas.

M&M developed and institutionalized community approach and CDPs empowering communities and promoting local development addressing real needs.

Key messagesKey messages

The CDP is a platform of mutual learning where all stakeholders (community, development agencies, technicians, researchers, NGOs, decision makers, etc…) negotiate development options.

M&M developed and used efficient mechanisms and knowledge sharing (networks of more than 80 ICARDA and NARS scientists, CBOS, ICT, Newsletter, TANs, publications, etc.)

What is next ?What is next ?

Adaptation of agropastoral Adaptation of agropastoral communities to climate change communities to climate change

in dry non-tropical areasin dry non-tropical areas