Presentation by:Dr. Y. Jadeja

& Bhujal Jankars

Participatory Groundwater Management Experiences Of Arid To Semi Arid Regions With Special Emphasis On

Community Capacity Building

PGWM

Program approaches

Locations

Processes MARVI

Processes – PGWM

Capacity building

Outputs and outcomes

Learning

Key Recommendations

MARVI Trans disciplinary

PGWMAquifer Multi stakeholder

MARVI – 15 Villages all single aquifer

PGWM – Single to Shared Aquifers

Institutions-GW

Resource Centers

Well and

Village

Watershed

and

Cluster

Aquifer

and

Block/

district

Managing groundwater use and aquifer recharge sustainably

Through Village Level Intervention - MARVI

Participatory Groundwater Management

Use of Aquifer as Common pool by Multi stakeholder are

MARVI – 15 Villages all single aquifer

PGWM – Single to Shared Aquifers

Data Collection

GW Monitoring

Capacity Building

Collaborative Research

Institution building

Advocacy

Most of Village level Groundwater Related activities carried out by BJs

Aquifer mapping Monitoring Water security plans Developing protocols Collaborating different

stakeholders including urban and industry

Multi tire capacity building Advocacy Policy briefing Institution building

MARVI project - An experiment to give

villagers the ownership of GW management

• There have been traditional

approached of GW Management in

India but we are not valuing them

enough

• Water table & quality monitoring by

Bhujal Jankaars (BJs)

- a Hindi word meaning

‘Groundwater Informed’

• Giving ownership by increasing

capacity and understanding of GW

• Trainings: mapping, watertable and

water quality measurements.

• Exposure of basic hydro-geologic

concepts

Knowledge Transformation Processes for BJs

Base Map

Land Use Map

Surface Geology

Map

Water Resource Map

Land Foam Map

Watershed Map

Strategic Planning

Map

Beginning of

understanding of village

Superimposing of topographic and revenue information on one map

Identification of land mark on map with villagers

Mapping of grazing land, source wise irrigation etc.

Area calculation form the map

Identification of rocks especially aquifer rocks

Mapping of surface exposures of aquifer rock

Mapping of existing surface water resource development

Well inventory

Beginning of sub-surface

Understanding of water depth and quality (TDS pH)

Identification of land foam conducive for water resource development

Mapping of micro-watershed

Water demand in each micro-watershed

Run-off calculation

Specific strategy for each micro-watershed

Identification site and activity

Land Form

Map

Resource MappingTasks Performed by BJs

How successful was the BJ approach?

ACT = Arid Communities and Technologies

The project MARVI and ACT’s Work

demonstrated

• Appropriate training and adequate

support help community to understand

& use of GW science in groundwater

management at local level.

• Kachchh area BJs demonstrated

themselves as ‘knowledge centre’ at

taluka (i.e., sub-district) level

• A recommendation to develop around

BJs are increasing water knowledge in

village committees under the Integrated

Watershed Management (IWMP)

program.

Main outcome of BJs existence in village?

• Community is now able to select self reliant

sustainable alternatives and techniques for them

selves

• Helped to carve out bottom up approach rather

than top down approach

• That increased community ownership on their

resources

NO

YES

BJs From BJs Eye

• BJ’s Liking

Most importantly their image as Bhujal Jankar

among their own Community

To develop a scientific understanding of a major aquifer ofGujarat / Kachchh

Demonstration of equitable and sustainable sharingmechanism for Shared Aquifer based on scientific appreciationof the geo-hydrology.

Demonstrate participatory groundwater management for aparticular aquifer and socio-technical-institutional model ofgroundwater management.

Demonstrate how a village / community / stakeholders canreduce stress and water fights by adopting participatorygroundwater management for a particular aquifer.

To create a pool of trained people and trainers to aware andknowledge spread about Geo-hydrology and PGWM principles.

To advocate the incorporation of aquifer management into‘mainstream’ watershed and drinking water programs andcommunity management of ground water quantity and quality.

Pre PGWM Phase

PGWM Phase

Groundwater Legislation- under Pani Thiye Panjo program

First thought on GW managementDrinking water source protection guideline for single and shared aquifer

Demonstrating PGWM- towards scientific policy framework phase 1

(Supported by ARGHYAM)1.Study and research

2. Awareness and advocacy3. Institution and Capacity Building

Developed understanding on shared aquifer managementAquifer mapping and characterizationGroundwater monitoring set upCluster based approachStandardization of PGWM approach and processesLeadership developmentY

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r 2

01

1 t

o 2

01

4Y

ea

r 2

00

8-1

0

Implementation of PGWM processes in cluster and demo.

PGWM model through participation with various stakeholders-

ACT, CGPL-TPCDT, IL&FS, AdaniFnd, Community, Community

Initiative and adaptation of PGWM approach by CSRCluster and Aquifer level GW monitoringPGWM protocol development and implementation Demand and supply managementInstitution buildingAwareness and advocacy

Ye

ar

20

15

to

20

17

Scale up of PGWM collectively by Govt, CSR, Community and Knowledge partnerPolicy level intervention and mainstream the approach in ongoing program

Collectively by

Community, CSR, Govt, ACT, GSS,

PARAB

Village by village approach

Aquifer-level approach.

Supply side management and decision making e.g. to prepare recharge plan, allocation etc

Demand side management and practice level interventions, drinking water source protections etc in local self governments.

Sr. No

Activity Area Outcome

1 Aquifer Mapping Entire Aquifer Micro level characterization

2 Aquifer Monitoring through 650 wells

Village, cluster, aquifer level

Geo-hydrological characterization

3 Water security plan Abadasa,Mandvi,Mundra, Anjar

Micro plan of 52 village that can implement through convergence

4 Institution building Aquifer and village level

Kankavati Bhugarbh Sarita Vyavasthapan Manch, 20 village PGWM committee

5 Bhujal Jankar Abadasa, Mandvi, Mundra

Set up of PARAB at Naliya, 16 BJs in Mandvi Mundra block

6 Demand and SupplyManagement-agriculture practice intervention, recharge augmentation

Mandvi (with IL&FS and CGPL)

•2.18 MCM water stored and conserved in CGPL-TPCDT CSR villages•Drinking water source development and salinity control intervention by IL&FS in Layja Mota and Kathada•Farm level Intervention/database generation (150 farmers)

7 Advocacy and Awareness

Block, District level

• Seminar and workshop•Publication in international conference on GWM and Bhujal Manthan

Hydro-geological mapping & Database generation

Vinjhan village, Abdasa

Mandvi Block

Mandvi blockMundra blockAnjar block

Category Pre Monsoon, 2015

Pre Monsoon, 2017

Area Sqkm

% Area Sqkm

%

<500 mg/l 93.78 2.3 30.91 0.77

500 to 2000 mg/l 2116.69 53.0 1408.72 35.27

2000 to 3000 mg/l 1228.38 30.8 1514.11 37.91

3000 to 5000 mg/l 382.70 9.6 749.18 18.76

>5000 mg/l 172.11 4.3 290.73 7.28

Total Area 3993.66 3993.66

Change in water quality form pre 2015 to 2017

Category Area sqkm

%

Dilution <500 mg/l 485.68 12.16

Dilution 500 to 1000 mg/l 92.50 2.32

Dilution 1000 to 1500 mg/l 62.49 1.56

Dilution >1500 mg/l 9.86 0.25

Conc increase <500 mg/l 1347.28 33.74

Conc increase 500 to 1000 mg/l 890.22 22.29

Conc increase 1000 to 1500 mg/l 721.83 18.07

Conc increase 1500 to 2000 mg/l 317.00 7.94

Conc increase > 2000 mg/l 66.80 1.67

Total Area 3993.66

Change in water storage from pre 2015 to 2017

Category Area sqkm

%

Rise <5 m 500.5904 12.53

Rise < 10 m 88.04372 2.20

Depletion <5 m 1637.734 41.01

Depletion 5 to 10 m 1411.836 35.35

Depletion 10 to 15 m 265.8346 6.66

Depletion 15 to 20 m 69.76854 1.75

Depletion 20 m 19.8506 0.50

Total Area 3993.658

• Base Line Information– Demographics– Socio economics– Land and water resources

• Weekly Monitoring• Capacity building• Developing protocols

– Water security plans– Water Budgeting– Dr. water source protection– Recharge augmentation– Technological use– Practices– Institutions

• Implementation through convergence– Government program– CSR

Demand Type Qty Unit Estimated

Demand

MCM

Rainfed Agri. demand @ 0.4m (MCM) 1018.54 Ha 5.02

Irri. Agri. Demand @ 0.4m (MCM) 225.02 Ha 3.1

Projected Domestic water for Human @ 90 lit/day (MCM) 2549 Persons 0.22

Drinking water for Cattle @ 30 lit/day (MCM) 620 ACU 0.018

Grazing land demand (MCM) 155 Ha 1.68

Total 10.04

Supply Source Quantity

(MCM)

Existing Surface Water 0.579

Existing Groundwater 9.02

Total Local Supply 9.599

Demand Vs. Supply -0.441

Strategy Conservation Management and Consumptive Use of water

◦ Aquifer mapping during various planning and study projects

◦ Baseline database – regular updates 2009, 2012

◦ Establishment of monitoring network

◦ Institutions and stakeholder’s mapping

◦ G.W. data collection and analysis

◦ Secondary data

◦ Institution building – “Kankavati Sagpan Bhugarbh Sarita Vyavsthapan Manch”

◦ Advocacy and Awareness to involve various stakeholders

Outputs

Village level protocols

Water Security Plans of 188 villages

District level water management plan

> 400 Bhujal Jankars

Urban Water recharge plan

Aquifer mapping in three zones

Drinking water source protection guideline

Outcomes

Four BJ institutes◦ Parab – a BJs service hub

◦ Jalsathi – BJ institute

◦ BJ cooperatives in Udaipur

Village GW management committee in 16 villages

Jalsrot sneh samvardhan samiti for urban area

Aquifer level forum 2 SRRC in Kachchh and

Norht Gujarat Policy Brief for state scale

GW management

Sr.

No.

Training Module

1 PGWM Perspective Building Training

2 Water security by PGWM approach

3 Drinking Water Source Protection Guideline

Preparation Training

4 GIS application in Groundwater Management

5 Community Capacity Building for PGWM-12

Module

6 ToT for Bhujal Jankar Preparation

7 Kanakavati Shared Aquifer Management-

Region Specific Training

8 Exposure on Ground water management tools

and techniques

9 Region specific training for North Gujarat

alluvial aquifer

10 Diploma course syllabus for groundwater

management

11 Training module for Aquifer mapping for

watershed management

Target Scale TotalAquifer Cluster Block District State National

BJs 18 325 69 35 447Village Committee Training

100 232 141 6 63 542

Students 686 712 82 1480Program Staff 97 39 182 372 690Decision Makers 179 60 121 206 466 1032

Sub - Resource center -manage GW at state level

BJ at village level Compression efforts from science and society

Need of Groundwater Resource Centers across the state

Empowering community through BJ’s Knowledge on GW

Demand side management to reduce groundwater draft

Recharge Augmentation

Demand and Supply side management in moderate zone

By community Participation, and Role of PGWM committee to set the regulation according to the status of GW

Collectively by knowledge partner, CSR, government and convergence with government

High dependency on and over-extraction of groundwater resources has created a situation of water insecurity across the country

The lack of appropriate information, knowledge and understanding of groundwater has widened the gap between the end users and the regulators of the resources.

To bridge the knowledge gap, regional resources centers and advocacy support centers are needed with a clear objective of water resource management, capacity building of local resource people and engage with various stakeholders to forge partnerships

A cadre of Bhujal Jankars at regional level is essential for last mile connectivity, knowledge dissemination and community participation

ACTION

Capacity building – cadre or Bhujal Jankars, panchayatmembers, GP committees like VWSC or Pani Samiti, Govtemployees, Academia etc.

Action Research –to validate the PGWM process in respective geo-hydrological zone and establish evidence

Facilitating collaborations through participatory approach with various stakeholders including urban

Advocacy – at all level from village level GP to State level

Sub Regional Resource Centres

Manage communications and decision making for the entire community of the sub-basin

Advocate for the community interests at different forum

Act as a medium of community grievance redressal

SRRC at village level

Obtaining GW data

Create Water Security Plans (WSP)

Developing technological and practice level protocols

Support Bhujal Jankar