particle acceleration and applications: status and plans for ......20 fs, 2×1022 w/cm², 100 nm 416...
TRANSCRIPT
Particle acceleration and applications: status and plans for
Apollon/CILEX facility
J. Fuchs, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique [email protected]
And the teams of the CILEX project
ELI-NP, Oct 3-5, 2012
Ion beams
Ion acceleration: expertise and know-how
of the French teams - I
• Laser-plasma and accelerator physicists
from IRAMIS, DAM, CPHT, INSP, CELIA,
CENBG, LOA, LPGP, LULI
• Ion acceleration mechanisms:
TNSA, shock acceleration RPA,
transparency regime
• Spectral & spatial shaping: plasma
optics for focusing & spectral tailoring
1
10
100
10 16
10 18
10 20
10 22
10 24
1000
10000
S imulations
Experimental data
LULI ELFIE APOLLON
ELI
I l ² (W.cm - 2 ) P
roto
n m
axim
um
en
erg
y [
MeV
]
CEA&LOA
Zone
within
reach with
Apollon
CPA 1
Diverging beam
target
CPA 2
Focused beam
Ion acceleration: expertise and know-how
of the French teams - II
• Ion diagnostics including real-tim/high-rep
rate & high-energy (200 MeV for PETAL for
example)
• Applications radiography (fields, density),
WDM heating, nuclear physics (stopping &
charge equilibrium measurements), laboratory
astrophysics
• Modeling of UHI laser interaction with
targets (several PIC and hybrid simulation
codes)
Medical applications
Dense material radiography
Spallation
Elementary particle
physics
Astrophysics 30
250
1000
1000000
MeV
C+ C2+ C3+ C4+ C5+ C6+
H+
Energy
Faisceau CPA 2,
10J/0.3ps, ω
protons 10 µm
Au
500
µm
Spectromètre proton 3
“sonde”
100 nm Al
Protons+
ions carbone
Faisceau CPA 1,
1J/0.3ps, 2ω
plastique1.5
µm
Parabole Thomson 2,
“Sonde”
Parabole Thomson 1
“référence”
LmV
eZ
dx
dE
1 42
0
42
0
X
+3 X+2
Ionization
Electrno
capture Plasma
medium
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
Example of present nuclear physics experiment: Combining laser+laser or X-rays+laser will allow to do ion stopping /
charge equilibrium measurements
stopping
number Charge de l’ion
M. Gauthier et al.
Although only low WDM temperatures are now accessible, single-shot laser
experiments show their capability
LmV
eZ
dx
dE
1 42
0
42
0
X
+3 X+2
Ionization
Electrno
capture Plasma
medium
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
10 -3
10 -2
10 -1
10 0
10 1 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Energy (Mev/nucl)
Zm
ea
n
Carbon spectra through 100 nm Al without counting Neutrals
Rear cold shot#104 ETACHA
accélérateurs
M. Gauthier et al.
Target development: Production of Hydrogen films
Experimental program at ELI-NP
Fast
valves
Large
pellet
cutter
25
microns
Extruder
Liquefier
Diagnostic
chamber
Pumpi
ng
Pumpi
ng
The possibility to have D2
or H2 is attractive neutrons
LH
e
H
e
Screw motor
20 fs, 2×1022 W/cm², 100 nm 416 MeV
20 fs, 1022 W/cm², 100 nm 104 MeV
2 2
18
20.26eV
p
i
i
A I t
in µg/cm2
Ion energy by RPA:
Alternative: use DLC
membranes (few nm thick)
C ions
Technical challenges that will be tackled - II
1. Achieving the highest intensity
Wavefront correction
Plasma focusing could be a solution
Focusing plasma
f/0.4
3mm 3mm 1/5 spot
~ 4.4mm (FWHM) ~ 0.9mm (FWHM)
M. Nakatsutsumi et al.
Avant correction Après correction
1,5x1020 W/cm2
Technical challenges that will be tackled - I
2. Laser temporal contrast
3. Target development
4. Light polarisation control
5. Radioprotection
For Apollon/CILEX, we have an ongoing design
of the Laser/Experimental Hall Layout +
radioprotection implementation
Switch out
for circular
polarization
Plasma
mirrors
I~2 x 1022 W/cm2 with
SR=0.5 and 4.6 mm FWHM
spot
Ma
in S
hort
puls
e b
ea
m
2nd short
pulse
beam
F/2.5 parabola for
F1
F/3 for F2
1 Main beam 10PW + 1 synchronized
energetic beam
1PW (15J/15fs/1shot per minute) + 1
probe beam few TW / budget ~2.5 M€
Electron beams
Electron acceleration: expertise and know-
how of the French teams
• Laser-plasma and accelerators physicists from IRAMIS, LAL, LLR, LOA, LPGP, LULI, SACM, SOLEIL
• Electron injectors: All optical or RF Photo-Inj. • Electron diagnostics including betatron radiation • Plasma wave excitation over a long distance:
laser guiding in capillary tubes and optical diagnostics
• Electron beam transport and focusing • Undulators to generate synchrotron radiation • Modeling of UHI laser interaction with
underdense plasma (several PIC and hybrid simulation codes)
EX. of results: Laser guiding in capillary tubes for Laser Plasma Accelerators (LPGP)
1. Optimisation of laser guiding using capillary tubes (10cm):
– vacuum or under-dense plasmas
– Relevant for intensities of laser wakefield (1018W/cm2)
– Active control of laser properties to improve coupling
2. Measurement of a plasma
wave in the wake of an
intense laser beam guided in
a capillary tube over 8 cm,
using optical diagnostics.
• Measured field up to 7GV/m
over 8 cm.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ele
ctr
ic fie
ld (
GV
/m)
Filling pressure (mbar)
Phys. Rev. E 80, 066403 (2009), New J. Phys. 12, 045024 (2010), JOSA B 27, 1400 (2010)
Objective: Multiple plasma stages for accelerators at the energy frontier and applications
• For a multi-TeV laser-wakefield collider: variation of plasma and laser parameters (i.e. density, intensity and pulse duration) over a large range is necessary. Laser pulse energy depletion ultimately limits acceleration length: successive stages are required.
• APOLLON laser to demonstrate 2 stages acceleration:
All optical plasma injector + guided plasma wave section
• Use of the produced electron beams to:
– Investigate plasma wave acceleration relevant for alternative excitation (e.g. PWFA either e– or proton driven)
– Test beams for nuclear and HE particle detectors
– Produce high energy photons
– Investigate electrons- photons interactions
Technical challenges that will be tackled
1. Full electron bunch characterization before
and after each stage
2. Compact, beam quality conserving, robust
electron transport
3. Laser beam coupling into plasma wave
section
4. Laser pulse synchronisation
Design of implementation of multi-stage acceleration on CILEX/APOLLON
• two stage acceleration with all optical injector
• 3 laser beams : 100mJ/6J/[10-100J]
address instrumentational challenges:
laser guiding over O(1m),
compact electron transport («fight against gradient dilution»)
laser & electron coupling into 2nd stage
max. non-destructive e–-diag’s at highest E (~20 GeV), integrated X-ray diag’s
insure beam stability and control
For both electrons and ions, applying strong external magnetic fields to plasmas is now also possible and will open new doors
Experimental set-up up to 50 T
Laser
Access for
diagnostics
Magnetized plasmas of interest for:
*laboratory astrophysics
Shocks induced by high-velocity
plasmas for g-ray burst studies
*electron acceleration
Increase of injection, better
collimation)
Demonstration of effectiveness by magnetic
collimation of jets
B. Albertazzi et al.
Conclusion
•There are many opportunities to grasp with Apollon-class
lasers: oWe have demonstrated unique features complementary to accelerators
oWe have already started exploiting those for applications, e.g. accessing
previously unaccessible parameters
oNew, wider, applications will be opened by Appolon (higher energy, more
particules, better energy selected)
•Strategy: oExplore new mechanisms which are already hinted at + multi-stage
acceleration
oDevelop targets & diagnostics
•We are eager to collaborate with ELI-NP: oFrench teams –particularly on the plateau de Saclay- have expertise
oCollaboration with ELI-NP will be mutually benefical
20
Solide Ionisation + chauffage
electronique
Ene
rgy t
ransfe
rt
from
ele
ctr
ons to
ions
Relaxation WDM
~ 10 – 100 ps p
um
p
Principle of ion stopping power
measurements in Warm Dense Matter
Chauffage isochore d’une cible solide d’aluminium par faisceau de
protons
Mesure des conditions de la WDM générée (densité et température)
Génération d’un faisceau d’ions sonde
Mesure de la distribution de charges du faisceau d’ions en sortie de
la cible chauffée
Faisceau CPA 2,
10J/0.3ps, ω
protons 10 µm
Au
500
µm
Spectromètre proton 3
“sonde”
100 nm Al
Protons+
ions carbone
Faisceau CPA 1,
1J/0.3ps, 2ω
plastique1.5
µm
Parabole Thomson 2,
“Sonde”
Parabole Thomson 1
“référence”
LmV
eZ
dx
dE
1 42
0
42
0
X
+3 X+2
Ionization
Electrno
capture Plasma
medium
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
Theory: Energy loss in dense
plasma
• Energy loss per unit length of a projectile ion when
interacting with an electron gas:
LmV
eZ
dx
dE
1 42
0
42
0stopping number
Wigner Seitz
cell Ion velocity
Electronic mass
Elementary charge Ion charge
J. Lindhard and A. Winter, Mat. Fys. Medd. (1964)
C. Gouedard and C. Deutsch, J. Math. Phys. (1978)
G. Maynard and C. Deutsch, J. Phys. (1985)
P. Wang et al., Phys. Plasmas (1998)
S. Y. Gus’kov et al., Plasma Phys. Rep. (2009)
G. Faussurier et al., Phys. Plasmas (2010)
dimensionless quantity that
captures the slowing down
process of the charged
particle by the host
medium.
Theory: Local Density Approximation
00
,),( )( VTrLrrdL ee
Ion velocity
temperature Electronic density
uniform-electron
stopping number
J. Lindhard and A. Winter, Mat. Fys. Medd. (1964)
G. Maynard and C. Deutsch, J. Phys. (1985)
P. Wang et al., Phys. Plasmas (1998)
G. Faussurier et al., Phys. Plasmas (2010)
0
0
1),(
1,,
0
200
kV
kVp
ek
dk
dkiVTL
Locally spatially
homogeneous
electron gas
Linear
response to the
ion perturbation
Simulation goal