particle detectors - physi.uni-heidelberg.demenzemer/pp_ss2012/detectors_4.pdf · gas amplification...
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Particle Detectors
27.04.2012
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CMS Hadronic Calorimeter
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Sampling Calorimeter, samples fraction F of total energy; energy resolution degraded by 1/√F
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Calorimeter resolution at the LHC
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Charge Amplification in Gas Counters
Incident particle: electron
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Multiwire-Proportional Chambers (MWPC)
Charpak, 1967/68Nobelpreis 1992
spatial resolution ~
typical wire distance: 2mm→
Limitation of MWPC
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Driftchambers
time measurement → drift distance → location of particle trajectoryspatial resolution of about 100 μm
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First drift chamber (1971): developed and constructed at PI operated at CERN
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Have a look at JADE (e+ - e- collider experiment at DESY) jet chamber in INF 308!
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Straw tube drift chambers of LHCb experiment
Physikalische Institut, NIKHEF, Warschau
5m long modules
Planar Geometry
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Drift time relativeto anodes define pointson the track. A fit thusextraploates the tracktrajectory.
anodes
Track reconstruction with Babar Driftchamber
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electrical signal
charged particle
Backplane (p doped)
Bulk (n doped)
readout strips/pixels (n+ doped)typical size 50 µm
readout electronics
bonding
Silicon Detector
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CMS
Silicon Strip Detectors
LHCb
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Silicon Pixel Detectors