parts of speech (3)
DESCRIPTION
PARTS OF SPEECH (3). E. ADVERB. Adverb is a part of speech comprising a class of words that modifies, or adds to the meaning of A verb (except linking verb) An adjective Another adverb A sentence. An adverb modifies a verb. Fire from bunsen burner heats the loop quickly - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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PARTS OF SPEECH (3)PARTS OF SPEECH (3)
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E. ADVERBE. ADVERBAdverb is a part of speech
comprising a class of words that modifies, or adds to the meaning of
A verb (except linking verb)An adjective
Another adverbA sentence
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An adverb modifies a verbAn adverb modifies a verbFire from bunsen burner heats the
loop quicklyOlder people eat slowlyYoung children play aggressivelyStudent must work carefully in the
labMy daughter speaks English fluentlyDecrease the temperature
immediately after washing
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An adverb modifies an An adverb modifies an adjectiveadjective
The growth is very slowThe city change greatly fastThe food tastes really nice
Our samples are cloudy yellow
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An adverb modifies another An adverb modifies another adverbadverbThe cooling period is done too
slowly
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An adverb modifies a An adverb modifies a sentencesentence
Unfortunately, we run out of the chemicals
Suddenly, He switch off the reactor
Previously, a researcher has found the microbe
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An adverb comes from an An adverb comes from an adjectiveadjectiveAccurate AccuratelyPatient PatientlyCurious CuriouslyCareless Carelessly Extrem Extremly
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Adverbs:a. Adverb of manner
She writes slowly and speaks quietly.
b. Adverb of placeI have lived on the island for years.
c. Adverb of frequencyHe feeds the animal every day.They always break their fast with water and dates
d. Adverb of timeWe have to stop eating before dawn.She broke her fast first.
e. Adverb of purposeShe drives her new car carefully to avoid hitting other vehicles.I try many methods to get the best results.
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F. PREPOSITIONPreposition is a word that relates noun or noun
phrase to an adverb, an adjective or other words in a sentence.
The most common prepositions are: "about," "above," "across," "after,"
"against," "along,"
"among," "around,"
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"at," "before," "behind," "below,"
"beneath," "beside,"
"between," "beyond,"
"but," "by,"
"despite,"
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"down," "during," "except,"
"for," "from,"
"in," "inside," "into," "like," "near,"
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"of," "off," "on,"
"onto," "out,"
"outside," "over," "past," "since,"
"through,"
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"throughout," "till," "to,"
"toward," "under,"
"underneath," "until," "up,"
"upon," "with,"
"within," "without."
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ExamplesThe burette is on the table.The bottle of liquid is beneath
the table.My house is across the road.Her lab is beside the main
building.My child can jump over the
table.I fell asleep during lecture.
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More ExamplesThe children climbed the mountain
without fear.There was rejoicing throughout the land
when the government was defeated.The spider crawled slowly along the
banister.The dog is hiding under the porch because
it knows it will be punished for chewing up a new pair of shoes.
The screenwriter searched for the manuscript he was certain was somewhere in his office.
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G. CONJUNCTIONConjunction is word that is used
to join words, phrases, clauses or sentences.
It differs from preposition which relates the noun or noun phrase to an adverb, an adjective or other words in a sentence.
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Coordinating conjunction
“And” is used a. to suggest that one idea is
chronologically sequential to another
b. to suggest that one idea is the result of another
c. to suggest that one clause is dependent upon another
d. to suggest a kind of "comment" on the first clause.
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“But” is used a. to suggest a contrast that is
unexpected in light of the first clause
b. to suggest in an affirmative sense what the first part of the sentence implied in a negative way
c. to connect two ideas with the meaning of "with the exception of" (and then the second word takes over as subject.
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“Or” is used a. to suggest that only one possibility
can be realizedb. to suggest the inclusive combination
of alternativesc. to suggest a negative conditiond. to suggest a negative alternative
without the use of an imperative
Authority used for this section on the uses of and, but, and or: A University Grammar of English by Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum. Longman Group: Essex, England. 1993.
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Conjunction differs from preposition which relates the noun or noun phrase to an adverb, an adjective or other words in a sentence.
Notice the difference function of “and” and “with” in these sentences!
Susi and Budi are doing the titration (a)
Susi, with Budi is doing the titration (b)
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The first sentence above (a) actually joins these sentences:
Susi is doing the titrationBudi is doing the titration
The second sentence above (b) shows the relation between Susi and Budi. It informs the reader that When Susi is doing the titration, Budi is also there. Please note that “Budi is not doing the titration”.
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b. Subordinating conjunction Subordinating Conjunction comes at the beginning of a
subordinate or dependent clause. It shows the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence.
For examples: He decided to take the course as though he had been
preparing for this chance all his life. Because she owed some money from him, she had to
work in his restaurant for at least a month. My mother will not go shopping, unless she finds her
purse back.
Other subordinating conjunctions are: after, although, as, as if, as long as, as though, because, before, even if, even though, if, if only, in order that, now that, once, rather than, since, so that, than, that, though, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, while.
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c. Correlative conjunctionCorrelative conjunction always appears in
pair and it treats the clause grammatically equal.
For example:My brother sells not only groceries but
also electrical. The teacher said neither pupils in need
nor disabled ones can join the school Whether you win this game or lose it
doesn't matter as long as you do your best.
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H. Interjection
Interjection is a word, a phrase or a short sentence which can stand alone.
It is used to exclaim, command, or to express emotion.
When interjection is more forceful, it usually followed by an exclamation mark.
However, Interjection is rarely used in academic writing.
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For examples:
Wow, that is incredible!No, thank you!Sorry! I can’t come to your
graduation ceremony.Oh dear! You shouldn’t have
done this!Excuse me!Best regards,
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I. Article
Article is word which is used to notify a noun. There are 2 types of article: definite article (the) and indefinite article (a, an).
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For examples:
It is a great success that we have cloned a new cell line. The cells now are growing well.
I have to prepare samples for my experiment tomorrow. The samples are a slice of water melon, an apple, a banana, an orange, and a slice of honey dew.