parts of the cell. prokaryotic cells (b) a thin section through the bacterium bacillus coagulans...
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![Page 1: Parts of the Cell. Prokaryotic Cells (b) A thin section through the bacterium Bacillus coagulans (TEM) Pili: attachment structures on the surface of some](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dea5503460f94ae53ca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Parts of the Cell
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Prokaryotic Cells
(b) A thin section through the bacterium Bacillus coagulans (TEM)
Pili: attachment structures onthe surface of some prokaryotes
Nucleoid: region where thecell’s DNA is located (notenclosed by a membrane)
Ribosomes: organelles thatsynthesize proteins
Plasma membrane: membraneenclosing the cytoplasm
Cell wall: rigid structure outsidethe plasma membrane
Capsule: jelly-like outer coatingof many prokaryotes
Flagella: locomotionorganelles ofsome bacteria
(a) A typical rod-shaped bacterium
0.5 µmBacterialchromosome
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Animal Cell
• Cell Membrane• Various Shapes• Obtain Energy
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Plant Cell
• Cell Membrane & Cell Wall
• Boxlike• Photosynthesis• Chlorophyll
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• Animal Cell Does Not have a Cell Wall
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Organelles• Parts of the cell • Cytoplasm- Fluid
outside of the nucleus containing organelles.
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Nucleus
• Control center of the cell containing the DNA & Chromosomes.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Highway system for moving information from the nucleus.
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2 Types of ER
1. Rough- has ribosomes2. Smooth- lacks
Ribosomes
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Ribosomes
• Place where proteins are made.
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Golgi Apparatus
• “Shipping & Receiving Center”
• Takes proteins from ribosome and ships them to the parts of the cell they are needed.
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Moving Information in the Cell
• 1. Nucleus (DNA/RNA) • 2. ER• 3. Ribosomes• 4. Golgi • 5. Cell
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Lysosome
• “Cleanup Crew/Janitor” removes waste from the cell.
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Vacuoles• Cellular Storage unit
• Animal Cells- stores energy
• Plants Cells- stores water
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Mitochondria
• “Power Plant” makes the energy in animal cells (ATP)
• Cell Respiration
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Chloroplast
• Only in Plant Cells.
• Collects sunlight in plants for photosynthesis.
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Cilia and Flagella• Cilia- short hairlike
projections, used for movement
• Flagella- tail like structure used for movement
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Cytoskeleton• Network of protein
filaments that help maintain cell shape and are involved in movement
• 2 filaments that make up cytoskeleton• Microfilament- threadlike
structure made of a protein called ACTIN that aid in movement
• Microtubules- Hollow structures made up of proteins known as tubulins used to maintain shape. Important in cell division where they form mitotic spindles (Cilia and flagella)
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Centrioles• Located near the
nucleus and help to organize cell division.
• NOT FOUND IN PLANT CELS!!!
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Boundaries of the Cell
Cell MembraneOuter boundary of
animal cells
Cell WallOuter boundaryof plant cells
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Lipid Bilayer• Double layered sheet
that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes. Provides a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.