passive design is the design that takes advantage of the ...€¦ · passive design passive design...
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Passive design
Passive design is the design that takes advantage of the climate to maintain a
comfortable indoor climate in the home. Passive design reduces or eliminates the need
for auxiliary heating or cooling
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Passive design issues • Major principles
• Passive heating
• Passive cooling
• Hybrid system
• Day lighting
• Renewable in building
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Passive design means
No auxiliary equipment are required to make the system to function
Factors
• Orientation
• Fenestration and shading
• Envelop
• Day lighting
• Thermal mass
• Renewable adaptation
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Six major principles 1. Orientation
2. Glazing
3. Thermal mass
4. Insulation
5. Ventilation
6. Zoning
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Passive cooling
1) Reducing cooling load
2) Using passive techniques
3) Improving efficiency of cooling equipment and thermal distribution systems.
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Reducing cooling loads
• Orientation of building
• Clustering buildings to provide self shading
• High-reflectivity building materials
• Increasing insulation
• Glazing on windows with a low solar heat gain and a high daylight transmission
• Avoiding excessive window area
• Utilizing thermal mass
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Housing materials
Materials Overall heat transfer co-
efficient ,U W/m2K
Outer wall (solid brick, cement sand
Plaster and Insulation )
2.22
Internal wall (brick and cement sand
plaster
2.22
Floor (ground ) Solid concrete 0.80
Floors (intermediate ) Solid concrete and
plaster board
1.7
Roof (pitched with felt ) 0.6
Window ( wooden frame and single glazed 2.9
Door ( solid timber door) 1.7
Comparatively higher U values
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Passive technique
Natural ventilation
Evaporative cooling
Other passive cooling techniques
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Passive cooling
Solar shading
Providing thermal mass
Stack ventilation by duct or chimney
Wind driven ventilation
Passive lighting
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Zero-energy building
• A zero-energy building (nZEB), also known as a zero net energy (ZNE)
building, is a buildings use with zero net energy consumption and zero carbon
emissions annually.
• Zero-energy buildings use energy from
• grid supply
• on-site usually in combination with energy producing technologies such
as solar and wind
• reducing the overall use of energy with efficient HVAC and lighting
technologies
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Other names near-zero energy building
ultra-low energy house
energy-plus buildings
The benefits of a ZEB usually are as follows:
• Isolation for building owners from future energy price increases
• Reduced requirement for energy austerity
• Reduced total cost of ownership due to improved energy efficiency
• Reduced total net monthly cost of living
• Improved reliability: extra cost is minimized for new construction compared to an afterthought Retrofit
• Higher resale value as potential owners demand more ZEBs than available supply
• Future legislative restrictions, and carbon emission taxes/penalties
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Zero-energy dwellings
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Zero-energy building characteristics
• Advanced HVAC and lighting controls
• Smart metering capabilities, allowing
central access to real-time utility data
• A structured cabling infrastructure with
high bandwidth and connectivity
• Adaptability to changing technology and
tenant needs
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Zero-energy house using PV system
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Some smart solutions to make a zero-energy building
1. Decrease the energy requirements for space heating, cooling, and water
heating:
• Orient the home with smaller walls facing west and include overhangs and
porches
• Increase foundation, wall, and ceiling insulation
• Use low U-value, low-E windows in all climates and low solar heat gain (low
SHGC) windows in cooling climates
• Seal all holes, cracks, and penetrations through the floor, walls, and ceiling to
unconditioned spaces
• Install adequate ventilation, especially from kitchens and baths
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2. Increase the efficiency of the furnace (or heat pump), and the air-
conditioner:
• Buy as high-efficiency equipment as affordable for the climate
• Design the supply and return duct system appropriately and seal tightly
using approved tapes or mastic
• Where climate-appropriate consider alternative cooling systems such as
ventilation only or evaporative coolers
• Heat pump
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3. Install a solar hot water preheat system, an efficient backup water heater, and
an efficient distribution system:
• Consider a parallel, small diameter piping system for the hot water outlets
• Install low-flow fixtures
• Choose water heating equipment with a high energy factor
• Evaluate solar systems
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4. Install efficient lighting fixtures:
• Consider permanent fluorescent fixtures in as many locations as
possible
• Look for the ENERGY STAR compliance
5. Install efficient appliances:
• Include the refrigerator, dishwasher, and laundry appliances
• Look for the ENERGY STAR compliance
• Compare appliance efficiencies
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6. Install a properly sized photovoltaic system
7. Turn off lights, computers, and appliances when not in use
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1. The concept-passive design
2. What do you understand by zero-energy building?
3. Give some simple solutions to make a zero-energy building?
4. Give some advantages and disadvantages of a nZEB?
5. How could encourage the homeowners to get a zero-energy house?
6. What are the characteristics of a zero-energy building?
Discuss with peer give your
opinion