Baøi 3 : THEÅ THUÏ ÑOÄNG

(THE PASSIVE VOICE)

* Theå chuû ñoäng (active voice) laø caùch ñaët caâu maø chuû töø ñoùng vai troø chuû ñoäng.

- Mr. Brown wrote the report yesterday.

- He has already finished his homework.

* Theå thuï ñoäng (passive voice) laø caùch ñaët caâu maø chuû töø ñoùng vai troø bò ñoäng.

- That house was built 100 years ago.

- Those windows are painted blue.

Passive sentence :

S + be + past participle

1/ Haõy quan saùt ví duï sau :

* Active : Tom broke the chair yesterday.

SVO

* Passive : The chair was broken by Tom yesterday.

Sbe + P.Pby doer

2/ Ghi nhôù: Caùch ñoåi moät caâu töø active sang passive :

* Laáy tuùc töø (O) trong caâu chuû ñoäng xuoáng laøm chuû töø (S) trong caâu thuï ñoäng.

* Nhaän xeùt xem ñoäng töø chia trong caâu chuû ñoäng ôû thì naøo, ta chia TO BE ôû thì ñoù roài vieát ñoäng töø chính ôû daïng quaù khöù phaân töø (p.p).

* Laáy chuû töø (S) trong caâu chuû ñoäng xuoáng laøm doer trong caâu thuï ñoäng, nhôù vieát BY ngay ñaèng tröôùc.

* Traïng töø giöõ nguyeân khoâng ñoåi vaø thöôøng ñaët cuoái caâu (neáu laø traïng töø chæ thôøi gian).

3/ Moät vaøi ví duï khaùc :

+ (a) simple present : [Subject+ am / is / are + P.P ]aSubject+

- Mr.Green teaches history.

History is taught by Mr.Green.

+ (b) present perfect : [ S + has / have + been + p.p ]b

- He has just done his homework.

His homework has just been done by him.

+ (c) present continuous : [ S + am / is / are / + being + p.pp.p]c

- She is cleaning the windows.

The windows are being cleaned by her.

+ (d) simple past : [ S + was / were + p.pp.p]d

- The boss sacked ten workers.

Ten workers were sacked by the boss.

+ (e) past perfect : [ S + had been + p.pp.p]e

Mary had written the letter.

The letter had been written by Mary.

+ (f) Past continuous : [ S + was / were + being + p.pp.p]f

- The police were questioning Tom.

Tom was being questioned by the police.

+ (g) simple future: [ S + will / shall + be + p.pp.p]g

- John will deliver the letter.

The letter will be delivered by John.

+ (h) Modal verbs : [ S + must / can / may … + be + p.p]hp.p

- He must do it right now.

It must be done by him right now.

+ (i) special structures : [ S + is / are going to + be + p.p]i

- The engineers are going to build the bridge.

The bridge is going to be built by the engineers.

(… coøn aùp duïng vôùi caùc caáu truùc khaùc nhö : have to, had to, used to, ought to ……)

+ (j) 2 objects :j

- They gave me a present yesterday.

I was given a present yesterday(by them).

A present was given to me yesterday(by them).

(Neáu sau BY laø them / people / someone / somebody…ta coù theå boû ñi)

+ (k) perception verb with bare infinitive : [ S + be – p.p + to inf ]infinitivek

- I never hear him shout at his children.

He is never heard to shout at his children.

+ (l) perception verb with present partciple : [ S + be – p.p + V-ing ]V-l

- I saw the boy coming into the room.

The boy was seen coming into the room.coming

+ (m) With ‘make’ : [ S + be – made + to inf ]m

- They made me do it.

I was made to do it.

+ (n) With ‘let’ : [ S + be – let + bare inf ]n

- They let him do it.

He was let to do it.

+ (o) With ‘begin or start’: [ S + begin / start + to be + p.p ]o

- They began to build the house in 1980.

The house began to be built in 1980.

+ (p) With “say, report, rumour…’:p

People say that prevention is better than cure.

It is said that prevention is better than cure.

Prevention is said to be better than cure. (…caùch ñoåi naøy ñöôïc aùp duïng

cho caùc ñoäng töø nhö: SAY, REPORT, THINK, BELIEVE, RUMOUR…RUMOUR…)

+ (q) caâu meänh leänh : [ Let + O + TO be – p.p ]

- Open the door, please.

Let the door be opened please.

EXERCISE I : Supply the correct tense and voice.

1/ Everyone (shock) … was shocked … by the news yesterday.

2/ Almost everyone (enjoy)… enjoyed … the lecture last night.

3/ English (speak) _________ all over the world.

4/ A terrible accident (happen) _________ right here at 6 o’clock last night.

5/ Mr. Smith (teach) _________ at this university since 1985.

6/ Not much (say) _________ about the matter since last week.

7/ He (borrow) _________ the money from her two weeks ago.

8/ A new textbook (publish) _________ by that company next year.

9/ Everything (go) _________ well so far. There (be) _________ no trouble yet.

10/ Who the book (write) _________ by ?

11/ Think carefully. I’m sure you (remember) _________ his name.

12/ The report (examine) _________ now.

EXERCISE II : Turn into the passive voice.

1/ He is running his own restaurant.

- ______________________________________________________

2/ The secretary opens the mails every morning.

- ______________________________________________________

3/ The teacher doesn’t allow me to take the seat by the window.

- ______________________________________________________

4/ Tom’s absence worried his mother.

- ______________________________________________________

5/ They are building a new school in this town.

- ______________________________________________________

6/ You should finish the report right now.

- ______________________________________________________

7/ We shall discuss the matter in the afternoon.

- ______________________________________________________

8/ Are you going to post this letter ?

- ______________________________________________________

9/ He has to pay the bills before the fifth of the month.

- ______________________________________________________

10/ No one has opened that box for the past hundred years.

- ______________________________________________________

11/ The boy screamed while the dentist was pulling out one of his teeth.

- ______________________________________________________

12/ The enemy used to attack the bay.

- ______________________________________________________

13/ The fire has destroyed many houses.

- _____________________________________________

14/ The children are carrying the chairs into the house.

- ______________________________________________________

15/ They awarded him the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1946.

- ______________________________________________________

16/ We saw him leave the office at 6 o’clock this morning.

- ______________________________________________________

17/ My parents didn’t let me go to school this morning because I was ill.

- ______________________________________________________

18/ You ought to water these plants once a week.

- ______________________________________________________

19/ People saw her driving a car near the bridge.

- ______________________________________________________

20/ They said that he was the richest man in the town.

- ______________________________________________________

21/ Scientists began to carry out researches on AIDS in 1981.

- ______________________________________________________

22/ The boy knew that they were praising him.

- ______________________________________________________

23/ Everybody believed that he had died of lung cancer.

- ______________________________________________________

24/ They hadn’t built the bridge when we first came here.

- ______________________________________________________

25/ I can assure you that I will arrange everything in time.

- ______________________________________________________

EXERCISE III : Change to the active voice.

1/ Progress in science is being made day after day.

- ______________________________________________________

2/ The palace was designed by a French architect.

- ______________________________________________________

3/ The road in front of my house has been paved.

- ______________________________________________________

4/ You can see that the dishes haven’t been washed.

- ______________________________________________________

5/ Our salaries will not be increased this year.

- ______________________________________________________

6/ Wasn’t that theatre built two years ago ?

- ______________________________________________________

7/ The problem may be discussed again.

- ______________________________________________________

8/ My brother has been offered a well-paid job.

- ______________________________________________________

9/ It is reported that the war started again in South America.

- ______________________________________________________

10/ I was told that I was going to be appointed manager of this company.

- ______________________________________________________

EXERCISE IV : Rewrite the following sentences.

1/ People don’t learn a foreign language in a short time.

- ______________________________________________________

2/ Did anyone ask any questions about me ?

- ______________________________________________________

3/ Henry wrote that book years ago, didn’t he ?

- ______________________________________________________

4/ I wasn’t introduced to any of the guests.

- ______________________________________________________

5/ What sort of research are they doing in the laborotary ?

- ______________________________________________________

6/ You should place matches out of reach of children.

- ______________________________________________________

7/ People say that inflation is getting out of control.

- ______________________________________________________

8/ We’ll have finished all the work by the weekend.

- ______________________________________________________

9/ I heard her singing very beautifully.

- ______________________________________________________

10/ Scientists started discovering the universe thousands of years ago.

- ______________________________________________________

11/ Nothing can be gained without effort.

- ______________________________________________________

12/ The robbers forced the bank manager to hand over the money.

- ______________________________________________________

13/ They let us go.

- ______________________________________________________

14/ The police stopped Tom on the highway and made him show his I.D card.

- ______________________________________________________

15/ Write your address on the back of the cheque.

- ______________________________________________________

16/ Where did your child find the keys ?

- ______________________________________________________

17/ Some people think he is a dangerous criminal.

- ______________________________________________________

18/ They will have to sign these documents.

- ______________________________________________________

19/ The workers are going to pull down that old building.

- ______________________________________________________

20/ No one told me the truth.

- ______________________________________________________

EXERCISE V : More exercises on Passive voice.

1. Yes - No questions :

a. Do they teach English here ?

- ___________________________________________________

b. Will you invite her to your wedding party ?

- ___________________________________________________

c. Did the teacher give some exercises ?

- ___________________________________________________

d. Is she going to write poem ?

- ___________________________________________________

e. Have they changed the window of the laboratory ?

- ___________________________________________________

f. Is she making big cakes for the party ?

- ___________________________________________________

g. Has Tom finished the work ?

- ___________________________________________________

h. Are the police making inquires about the thief.

- ___________________________________________________

i. Must we finish the test before ten ?

- ___________________________________________________

j. Will buses bring the children home ?

- ___________________________________________________

2. Wh - questions :

a. Why didn’t they help him ?

- ___________________________________________________

b. How many games has the team played ?

- ___________________________________________________

c. Where do people speak English ?

- ___________________________________________________

d. Who are they keeping in the kitchen ?

- ___________________________________________________

e. How can they open this safe ?

- ___________________________________________________

f. What books are people reading this year ?

- ___________________________________________________

g. How did the police find the lost man ?

- ___________________________________________________

h. Who looked after the children for you ?

- ___________________________________________________

i. How long have they waited for the doctor ?

- ___________________________________________________

j. What time can the boys hand in their papers ?

- ___________________________________________________

3. Sentences with two Objects :

a. The teacher gave each of us two exercise books.

- ___________________________________________________

b. Someone will tell him that news.

- ___________________________________________________

c. They had sent enough money to these poor boys.

- ___________________________________________________

d. They have given the women in most countries in the world the right to vote.

- ___________________________________________________

e. They paid me a lot of money to do the job.

- ___________________________________________________

4. Sentences with verb of reporting :

a. People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.

- ___________________________________________________

b. They rumoured that man was still living.

- ___________________________________________________

c. They declared that she won the competition.

- ___________________________________________________

d. They know that English is an international language.

- ___________________________________________________

e. People think that Jack London’s life and writings represent the American love of adventure.

- ___________________________________________________

f. They say that John is the brightest student in class.

- ___________________________________________________

g. They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.

- ___________________________________________________

h. They think that he has died a natural death.

- ___________________________________________________

i. They reported that the troops were coming.

- ___________________________________________________

j. People believed that the earth stood still.

- ___________________________________________________

5. Sentences with verbs “Continue and Begin” :

a. We’ll continue to use this computer.

- ___________________________________________________

b. They began to plant rubber trees in big plantations.

- ___________________________________________________

c. People can continue to enjoy natural resources.

- ___________________________________________________

d. People will continue to drink Coca - Cola in the 21st century.

- ___________________________________________________

e. American people begin to love football.

- ___________________________________________________

6. Sentences with Phrasal verbs :

a. They gave up the research after three hours.

- ___________________________________________________

b. Someone should look into the matter.

- ___________________________________________________

c. Don’t speak until someone speaks to you.

- ___________________________________________________

d. A neighbour is looking after the children.

- ___________________________________________________

e. Your story brings back pleasant memories.

- ___________________________________________________

7. Sentences with verbs of Perception :

a. I have heard her sing this song several times.

- ___________________________________________________

b. People saw him steal your car.

- ___________________________________________________

c. The teacher is watching them work.

- ___________________________________________________

d. He won’t let you do that silly thing again.

- ___________________________________________________

e. People don’t make the children work hard.

- ___________________________________________________

f. They made him work all day.

- ___________________________________________________

g. The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag.

- ___________________________________________________

h. The terrorists made the hostages lie down.

- ___________________________________________________

i. Police advise drivers to use an alternative route.

- ___________________________________________________

j. She helps me to do all these difficult exercises.

- ___________________________________________________

8. Sentences of order :

a. Open your book.

- ___________________________________________________

b. Take off your hat.

- ___________________________________________________

c. Don’t do that silly thing again.

- ___________________________________________________

d. Let’s tell them about it.

- ___________________________________________________

e. Don’t let the other see you.

- ___________________________________________________

9. Sentences with Advise, Beg, Order, Urge, Agree, Decide,...” :

a. She advised me to sell that house.

- ___________________________________________________

b. They begged us to help them.

- ___________________________________________________

c. He orders us to clean the floor.

- ___________________________________________________

d. He recommends me to do the job.

- ___________________________________________________

e. She urges him to visit her parents as soon as possible.

- ___________________________________________________

10. Some special sentences :

a. It is dangerous for us to take the short cut.

- ___________________________________________________

b. You need to have your hair cut.

- ___________________________________________________

c. Smoke filled the room.

- ___________________________________________________

d. You must see it to believe it.

- ___________________________________________________

e. He wants someone to take some photographs.

- ___________________________________________________

f. He likes people to call him “Sir”.

- ___________________________________________________

g. It’s your duty to do this work.

- ___________________________________________________

h. We enjoy writing letters.

- ___________________________________________________

i. Nobody has slept in this room for long time.

- ___________________________________________________

j. You ordered me about and I was tired of it.

- ___________________________________________________

PASSIVE VOICE1. We can’t go along here because the road........................

A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repairs2. The story I’ve just read...................Agatha Christie

A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by3. I’m going to go out and.................................................

A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut4. Something funny ...........................in class yesterday

A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened5. Many US automobiles........................in Detroit, Michigan

A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing6. A lot of pesticide residue can.........................................unwashed produce

A. find B. found C. be finding D. be found7. We..................by a loud noise during the night

A. woke up B. are woken up C. were woken up D. were waking up8. Some film stars...................difficult to work with A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be9. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy........................at

A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being laughed10. Today, many serious childhood diseases...........................by early immunization

A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented11. Do you get your heating..........................every year?

A. checking B. check C. be checked D. checked12. Bicycles.......................in the driveway

A. must not leave B. must not be leaving C. must not be left D. must not have left

13. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony.......................next weekendA. is going to be performed B. has been performedD. will be performing D. will have perform

14. All bottles......................................before transportationA. frozen B. were froze C. were frozen D. are froze

15. ...............................................yet? A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed

C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters typed16. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where.................for administration, broadcasting and education

A. is used B. it is used C. used D. being used17. The telephones..............by Alexander Graham Bell

A. is invented B. is inventing C. invented D. was invented18. Lots of houses...................by the earthquake

A. are destroying B. destroyed C. were destroyed D. is destroyed19. Gold.........................in California in the 19th century

A. was discovered B. has been discovered C. was discover D. they discover20. The preparation.......................by the time the guest............................

A. had been finished- arrived B. have finished- arrivedC. had finished-were arriving D. have been finished- were arrived

21 The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday.A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished

22. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ______, sir. They’re on your desk.”A. typed B. been being typed C. being typed D. been typed

23. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It___________ of cotton.A. be made B. are made C. is made D. made

24. They had a boy _______ that yesterday.A. done B. to do C. did D. do

25. We got our mail ______ yesterday.A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver

26. James……..the news as soon as possible.A. should tell B. should be told C. should told D. should be telled

27. My wedding ring ______ yellow and white gold.A. is made B. is making C. made D. make

28. Mr. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend.A. known B. knew C. is known D. know

29. References _____ in the examination room.A. not are used B. is not used C. didn’t used D. are not used

30. Laura ______ in Boston.A. are born B. were born C. was born D. born

31. His car needs ________. A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed32. Her watch needs _______.

A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B33. My mother is going _____ this house.

A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell34. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are _______.

A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following35. Have you _____ by a dog?

A. bite B. bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit36. The room is being _____ at the moment.

A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean37. It _____ that the strike will end soon.

A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected38. It is _____ that many people are homeless after the floods.

A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting39. He was said _____ this building.

A. designing B. to have designed C. to design D. designed40. Ted ______ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.

A. got sting B. got stung C. get stung D. gets stung41. These tennis courts don’t _____ very often. Not many people want to play.

A. got used B. used C. get used D. get use42. I’ll get Minh _____ do this for you.

A. do B. done C. did D. to do 43. Those letters ________ now. You can do the typing later.

A. need typing B. needn't be typed C. need to type D. needn't typing44. “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it_____ especially for me by a French tailor.”

A. is made B. has made C. made D. was made45. Somebody cleans the room every day.

A. The room everyday is cleaned. B. The room is every day cleaned.C. The room is cleaned every day. D. The room is cleaned by somebody every day.

46. People don’t use this road very often.A. This road is not used very often. B. Not very often this road is not used.C. This road very often is not used. D. This road not very often is used.

47. How do people learn languages?A. How are languages learned? B. How are languages learned by people?C. How languages are learned? D. Languages are learned how?

48. Over 1500 new houses _______ each year. Last year, 1720 new houses _______.A. were built/ were built B. are built/ were builtC. are building / were built D. were built/ were being built

49. Tom bought that book yesterday.A. That book was bought by Tom yesterday. B. That book was bought yesterday by Tom.C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom D. That book was bought yesterday.

50. The new computer system _____ next month. A. is be installed B. is being installed

C. is been installed D. is being installed by peopleLESSON 2: PASSIVE VOICE

( THÃØ BË ÂÄÜNG)

PHÁÖN A: LYÏ THUYÃÚT

I. Cäng thæïc chung : BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

II. Cäng thæïc cuía tæìng thç:

TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE

1. The simple present S + bare - V/ V-s/es S + am/is /are + PP

2. The pre. Continuous S + am/ is/ are + v-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + PP

3. The present perfect S + have/ has + PP S + have/ has + been + PP

4. The simple past S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + PP

5. The past continuous S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + be+ V -ing

6. The past perfect S + have/ has + PP S + have/has + been + PP

7. The simple future S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + PP

8. The near future S+ am/ is/ are going to+ bareV S+am/is/are going to+be+PP

9. The Modal verbs S + can/could/may...+ bare-V S + can/could/may + be + PP

III. Quy tàõc âäøi tæì cáu chuí âäüng sang cáu bë âäüng:

1. Xaïc âënh S, V, O cuía cáu chuí âäüng.

2. Hoaïn âäøi SvaìO(S cuía chuí âäüng laìm O cuía bë âäng, O cuía chuí âäüng laìm S cuía bë âäüng)

3. Chuyãøn V tæì daûng chuí âäüng sang daûng bë âäüng

4. Thãm giåïi tæì “by” træåïc O cuía cáu bë âäüng.

IV. Cáúu truïc : Chuí âäüng : S V O

Bë âäüng : S V ( BY + O)

( BE + PP)

V. Examples:

1. My mother has made that cake.

S V O

---- That cake has been made by my mother

2. Nam is asking me a lot of questions.

S V O

---- I am being asked a lot of questions by Nam.

VI. Caïc træåìng håüp cáön læu yï:

1. S cuía cáu chuí âäüng laì âaûi tæì nhán xæng( he, she, you, they, we..) vaì caï tæì nhæ: someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody,..... thç læåüc boí O trong cáu bë âäüng.

Ex: Someone has sent me the flowers.

---- I have been sent the flowers.

She must do all homework before going to bed.

---- All homework must be done before going to bed.

2. Traûng ngæî chè nåi chäún âàût træåïc “by + O bë âäüng”.

Ex: The police found him in the foresst.

----He was found in the forest by the police.

3. Traûng ngæî chè thåìi gian âàût sau “by + O bë âäüng”.

Ex: Mr Brown bought the house last week.

---- The house was bought by Mr Brown last week.

4. Traûng ngæî chè thãø caïch âæïng giæîa “BE + PP”.

Ex: The boss has treated them badly.

---- They have been badly treated by the boss.

5. Âäúi våïi 1 säú âäüng tæì coï 2 tán ngæî thç 1 trong 2 tán ngæî âãöu coï thãø duìng laìm chuí ngæî trong cáu bë âäüng; tuy nhiãn tán ngæî chè ngæåìi thæåìng âæåüc sæí duûng nhiãöu hån.

Ex: He sent me a postcard.

---- I was sent a postcard.

---- A postcard was sent to me.

V. Mäüt säú daûng cáu biû âäüng âàûc biãût:

1. Causitive form: ( Thãø nhåì baío): “Have” hoàûc “Get”.

a. Have

* chuí âäüng : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing)

* bë âäüng : S + have + O.2 (thing) + past participle

Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday.

---- I had the roof repaired yesterday.

b. Get

* chuí âäüng : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing)

* bë âäüng : S + get + O.2 (thing) + past participle

Ex: I will get her to cut my hair

---- I will get my hair cut.

2. Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare.....

Coï 2 daûng bë âäüng:

* chuí âäüng: S1 + V of pinion + (that) + clause (S2+V + O)

* bë âäüng : It + be + V of opinion ( PP) + (that) + clause.

Hoàûc: S2 + be + V of opinion (PP) + to-inf

Ex: - They said that John is the brightest student in class.

---- It is said that John is the brightest student in class.

----- John is said to be the brightest student in class.

- They knew that Mary won the competition.

---- It was known that Mary had won the competition

---- Mary was known to have won the competition.

3. Verbs of perception ( Âäüng tæì chè giaïc quan): see, watch, hear, .......

* chuí âäüng : S + V + O + bare - inf / V-ing

* bë âäüng : S + Be + V (PP) + to-inf/ V-ing

Ex: - People saw him steal your car.

---- He was seen to steal your car.

- The teacher is watching them work.

---- They are being watched working by the teacher.

PHÁÖN B: BAÌI TÁÛP

I. Choose the best answer:

1.“ Those eggs of different colors are very artistic.” “Yes, they .......... in Russia”

a.were painted b. were paint c. were painting d. painted

2. “David is in prison for smoking drugs” “He .......... that it was against the law.”

is telling b. was told c. told d. tells

3. “The maintenance people didn’t remove the chairs from ballroom” “ Don’t the worry. They .......... them before the dance begins”

a. will have been moved b. will have moved

c. were moved d. moved

4. Gold .......... in California in the 19th century.

a. was discovered b. has been discovered

c. was discover d. they discovered

5. ............ that military spending is extremely high.

a.We are felt b. It feels c. It is felt d. We feel that it is

6. They ......... time and money doing such a thing.

a.were advised not to waste b. were advised not to be wasted

c. were advising not to waste d. were advising not to be wasted

7. These students ......... so much that they feel very tired and bored.

a.are made to study b. are made study

c.are making to study d. are made to be studied

8. I......... in the lounge for ten minutes.

a.was told waiting b. was told to wait

c.was telling to be waited d. was told to be waited

9. The students ....... to be at school at 8 am

a. tell b. told c. have told d. were told

10. Our children ........ to school by bus every morning.

a.take b. are taken c. have taken d. are taking

11. Bicycles .......... in the driveway.

a. must not leave b. must not be leaving

c. must not be left d. must not have left

12. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony ............. next weekend.

a. is going to be performed b. has been performed

c.will be performing d. will have performed

13Reagan ............. an actor years ago.

a. is said to be b. was said being c. was said have been d. is said to have been

14. I hate ........... personal questions by nearly acquainted friends.

a. to be asking b. to be asked c. being asking d. of asking

15. It .......... that learning a foreign language ............ a lot of time.

a. says/ is take b. is saying / has been taken

c. is said/ takes d. was said/ was taken

16.All bottles ......... .. before transportation.

a. frozen b. were froze c. were frozen d. are froze

17. ..................... yet?

a. Have the letters been typed b. Have been the letters typed

c. Have the letters typed d. Had the letters typed

18. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where..........for administration, broadcasting and education.

a. is used b. it is used c. used d. being used

19. The telephone .......... by Alexander Graham Bell.

a. is invented b. is inventing c. invented d. was invented

20. Lots of houses ............ by the earthquake.

a. are destroying b. destroyed c. were destroyed d. were destroying

21. In the Us the first stage of compulsory education .......... as elementary education .

a. to be generally known b. is generally known

c. generally known d. is generally knowing

22. .Education ............ to be the most important element to develop a country.

a.often be considered b. can be often considered

c. can often considered d. can often be considered

23. The preparations .............. by the time the guests ....................

a.had been finished / arrived b. have finished

c. had finished / were arriving d. had been finished / were arrived

24.............. students required to wear uniforms at all times?

a.. Are b. Do c. Did d. Will

25.. ............... to you yet?

a.Are the book been giving back b. Was the book been given back

c. Has been the book given back d. Has the book been given back

26. What he has done to me.................

a.cannot forgive b. cannot be forgive c. cannot forgive d cannot be forgiving

27 . The keys .......... somewhere.

a.must have been leaving b. must have left

c.must be leaving d. must have been left

28. Japanese ........ at the meeting.

a.will speak b. will spoken c. will be spoken d. will be speaking

29. Although he tried his best, he could not make his voice ..........

a hear b. to hear c. hearing d. heard

30. .............. .in that company?

Do shoes make b. Are shoes be made

c. Shoes are made d. Are shoes made

31. Portuguese.......... as an official language in this city for age.

a.has been spoken b. has been spoken

c.has spoken d. had spoken

32. More than ten victims ......... missing in the storm last week

a.are reported to be b. are reported to have been

c.are reporting to have been d. are reporting to be

33. ............. by your father?

a.Did that book write b. Did that book written

c.Was that book written d. Was that book be writing

34. Something ............. immediately to prevent teenagers from .......... in factories and mines.

a.should be done/ being exploited b. we should do/ exploiting

c. should do / be exploited d. should have done / exploited

35. This car......................

a.was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year

b.was manufactured by Toyota last year in Japan

c.was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota

d.last year was manufactured by Toyota in Japan

36. Why.............. on time?

a.don’t the exercises finish b. weren’t the exercises be finished

c. aren’t the exercises being finished d. aren’t the exercises be finished

37. No longer ........ in our office since it ...............

a.have typewriters been used / computerized

b.typewriters have been used / was computerized

c.have typewriters been used / was computerized

d.typewriters have been used / computerized

38. When ..........?

a.were computers used first b. were computers first used

c.did computers first use d. are computers first using

39. That machine is useless. It .......... not been used for a long time

a.is b. was c. did d. has

40. Everything that ............remained a secret

a.overheard b. had been overheard

c.had overheard d. was overhearing

41. The refreshments...............by Karen.

a.are going to be prepared b. are going to prepare

c are preparing d. are to prepare

42. ..................by the police.

a.The stealing car has just been found b. The stolen car has just been found

b.The stealing car has just found d. The stolen car has just found

43. It ..........it is parents responsibility to take good care of their children.

a. commonly says that b. commonly to be said that

c. is commonly said that d. is commonly saying

44. John ........a respectful and obedient student.

a. said to be b. is said c. is said being d. is said to be

II. Choose the best answer:

45. People have discovered a new source of energy.

A new source of energy has discovered.

A new source of energy was discovered.

A new source of energy have been discovered

A new source of energy has been discovered

46. People say that he was born in London.

That is said he was born in London.

It was said that he was born in London.

He was said to be born in London.

He is said to have been born in London.

47. We have no seats left for the concert next Sunday.

All the seats for the concert next Sunday have been booked

All the seats were sold for the concert next Sunday.

The concert next Sunday had no seats for us.

No seats left for us for the concert next Sunday.

48.People say Chinese food is the best in the world.

Chinese food is said to be the best in the world.

I agree that Chinese food is the best in the world.

Chinese food is eaten all over the world.

No food in the world is eaten as much as Chinese food.

49. The storm blew a lot of trees down last night.

A lot of trees were blown down last night by the storm.

A lot of trees were cut down last night

The storm could have blown a lot of trees down.

The storm was strong enough to blow down old trees.

B. CÂU B Đ NG: PASSIVE VOICEỊ ỘI. LÝ THUYẾT:

Cách đổi một câu chủ động (active) sang câu bị động (passive)

1. TRƯỜNG HỢP 1:

Active: S + V + O

Passive: S + BE + P.P. (+ BY + O)

* Chú ý: - Động từ (V) trong câu Active chia ở thì nào thì động từ BE trong câu Passive chia ở thì đó.

- Nhiều trường hợp không cần thiết, BY + O có thể bỏ đi.

* Ví dụ: - They use this room on special occasions.

This room is used on special occasions. - He sold his house last year.

His house was sold last year.2. TRƯỜNG HỢP II:

Active: S + BE + V+ING + O

Passive: S + BE + BEING + P.P. (+ BY + O)

* Chú ý: BE trong câu Active chia ở thì nào thì BE trong câu Passive chia ở thì đó.

* Ví dụ: - They are building a new school in this area.

A new school is being built in this area. - The police were asking him questions when I came.

He was being asked questions by the police when I came. 3. TRƯỜNG HỢP III:

Active: S + MODAL + V(INF.) + O

Passive: S + MODAL + BE + P.P. (+ BY + O)

* Chú ý: MODAL gồm có: can, could, must, may, might, would, should, ought to, used to ....

* Ví dụ: - A child can understand this problem.

-> This problem can be understood by a child.

- They could not finish the work on time.

-> The work could not be finished on time.

4. CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT:

a. People + say / said + that + S + V…: (Cấu trúc này có nghĩa: người ta nói rằng…)

Có 2 cách đổi câu này sang dạng bị động:

* Cách 1: Active: People + say / said + that + S + V …

Passive: It + is / was + said + that + S + V …

* Ví dụ: - People say that he lives abroad.

-> It is said that he lives abroad.

- People said that this man stole the car.

-> It was said that this man stole the car.

* Cách 2: Active: People + say / said + that + S + V ….

-> Passive: S + is / was + said + to + V(INF.) ….

* Ví dụ: - People say that he lives abroad.

-> He is said to live abroad.

- People said that this man stole the car.

-> This man was said to steal the car.

* GHI CHÚ: Các động từ know (biết), think (nghĩ), believe (tin), rumour (đồn), hope (hi vọng),

expect (trông mong), suppose (cho rằng) cũng được 30ung tương tự như động từ say

trong trường hợp tương tự như trên.

b. Động từ có 2 tân ngữ: (Verbs of two objects)

a. Loại động từ cần giới từ “ TO” : John gave me an English book. (1)

Câu này có thể viết lại theo cách khác:

John gave an English book to me.

Cho nên khi đổi sang câu bị động, câu (1) có thể viết thành 2 cách:

Cách 1: I was given an English book (by John).

Cách 2: An English book was given to me (by John).

Những động từ cùng loại với động từ give trong câu trên là: send, show, lend, promise, hand, pay, read, throw, wish, offer.

b. Loại động từ cần giới từ “FOR” :I bought my brother some books. (2)

Câu này có thể viết lại theo cách khác:

I bought some books for my brother.

Cho nên khi đổi sang câu bị động, câu (2) có thể viết thành 2 cách:

Cách 1: My brother was bought some books (by me).

Cách 2: Some books were bought for my brother (by me).

* Những động từ cùng loại với động từ buy trong câu trên là: get (mua), make (tea, coffee), do

(a favor), save (dành, để dành)……

c. Câu hỏi đuôi: (Tag question)

A: Your brother found the key, didn’t he?

B: The key was found by your brother, wasn’t it?

d. Nguyên mẫu bị động: (Passive infinitive)

They began to beat wooden drum.

-> Wooden drum began to be beaten.

He’d like people to call him Sir.

-> He’d like to be called Sir.

e. Câu mệnh lệnh: (Imperative)

Write your name on this peace of paper.

-> Let your name be written on this peace of paper.

f. Phản thân bị động: (Reflexive passive)

Don’t let Nam tease you.

-> Don’t let yourself be teased by Nam.

He let people cheat him.

-> He let himself be cheated.

g. V + O + V+ING :

She kept me waiting.

-> I was kept waiting.

We found him working at his desk.

-> He was found working at his desk (by us).

h. V (perception) + O + V+ING :

People heard him giving orders.

-> He was heard giving orders.

i. V (perception) + O + (Bare) V:

People heard her sing a love song.

-> She was heard to sing a love song.

k. V + V+ING :

At that time, scientists began discovering Pluto and its satellites.

-> At that time, Pluto and its satellites began being discovered by scientists.

l. Suppose: You are supposed to know how to drive = It is your duty to know/ You should know how to

drive.

m. Let : Động từ nguyên mẫu có TO được đặt sau động từ bị động, tuy nhiên, với động từ LET ta dùng

động từ nguyên mẫu không TO:

He made us work. -> We were made to work.

They let us go. -> We were let go.

II. BÀI TẬP:

1. Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):

1. Shakespeare wrote that play.

A. That play were written by Shakespeare. B.That had been written by Shakespeare.

C.That play was written by Shakespeare. D.That play are written by Shakespeare.

2. Alice didn’t make that pie. Did Mrs Franch make it ?

A. That pie weren’t made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs Franch?

B.That pie wasn’t made by Alice. Did it be made by Mrs Franch?

C.That pie aren’t made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs Franch?

A. That pie wasn’t made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs franch?

3. Does Professor Jackson teach that course?

A. Is that course teached by Prof. Jackson?

B. Has that course been taught by Prof.Jackson?

C.Is that course taught by Prof.Jackson?

D. Was that course taught by Prof.Jackson?

4. James……..the news as soon as possible.

A. should tell B. should be told C.should told D. should be telled

5. I tried my best, but the windows………..by me.

A. could open B.could be open C.could be opened D. could opened

6. Good news! I…………a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.

A.could be offered B. may be offered C.should be offered D.would be offered

7. It is hot in this room because the window……….

A. closed B.closes C.is closed D.closing

8. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It ……… of cotton.

A.be made B.are made C.is made D.made

9. Don’t look in the hall closet. Your birhtday present…….there.

A.are hidden B.is hided C.was hided D.is hidden

10. The door to this room……

A. is shutted B. is shut C.shuts D.are shut

11. They have watched the music programme on T.V since 3 o’clock.

A. The music programme on T.V have been seen since 3 o’clock

B. The music programme on T.V has been seen since 3 o’clock.

C. The music programme on T.V have be seen since 3 o’clock.

D. The music programme on T.V had been seen since 3 o’clock.

12. People said that Tom stole that bicycle.

A. Tom is said to steal that bicycle. B. Tom is said that to steal that bicycle.

C. Tom was said to steal that bicycle. D. Tom were said to steal that bicycle.

13. People believed that John is a good person.

A. It is believed that John is a good person. B. It was believed that John is a good person

C. It believes that John is a good person D. It believed that John is a good person.

14. Mary is reading newspapers now.

A. Newspapers are read by Mary now. B. Newspapers being read by Mary now.

C. Newspapers are being read by Mary now. D. Newspapers are reading by Mary now.

2. Change into passive:1. They can’t make tea with cold water.2. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan.3. Somebody has taken some of my books away.4. They will hold the meeting before May Day.5. They have to repair the engine of the car.6. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.7. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.8. They may use this room for the classroom. 9. The teacher is going to tell a story.10. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.11. The chicken looked at the woman with a red hat.12. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.13. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.14. You mustn’t use this machine after 5.30pm.15. Luckily, for me, they didn’t call my name.16. After class, one of the students always crases the chalkboard.17. You must clean the wall before you paint it.18. They told the new pupil where to sit.19. I knew that they had told him of the meeting.20. Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness. 21. Did Ann discover the mistake?22. Tommy didn`t break the chair.23. She doesn`t the housework every morning.24. She cooked the meals carefully.25. She will put the flower vase in the living room.26. Jane has just finished the needlework.27. She is singing English songs now.28. Your brother found the book, didn`t he?29. I told the servant to shut the door.30. I wound like to give Lan a nice present.31. He doesn`t like people to ask him stupid question.32. Write your name on this piece of paper.33. They let us go out34. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.

35. They saw her come in.36. She hates peple staring at her.37. John gave me a nice present.38. I bought my mother some flowers

B. CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG: PASSIVE VOICE

1. Shakespeare wrote that play.

A. That play were written by Shakespeare. B.That had been written by Shakespeare.

C.That play was written by Shakespeare. D.That play are written by Shakespeare.

2. Alice didn’t make that pie. Did Mrs Franch make it ?

A. That pie weren’t made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs Franch?

B.That pie wasn’t made by Alice. Did it be made by Mrs Franch?

C.That pie aren’t made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs Franch?

A. That pie wasn’t made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs franch?

3. Does Professor Jackson teach that course?

A. Is that course teached by Prof. Jackson?

B. Has that course been taught by Prof.Jackson?

C.Is that course taught by Prof.Jackson?

D. Was that course taught by Prof.Jackson?

4. James……..the news as soon as possible.

A. should tell B. should be told C.should told D. should be telled

5. I tried my best, but the windows………..by me.

A. could open B.could be open C.could be opened D. could opened

6. Good news! I…………a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.

A.could be offered B. may be offered C.should be offered D.would be offered

7. It is hot in this room because the window……….

A. closed B.closes C.is closed D.closing

8. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It ……… of cotton.

A.be made B.are made C.is made D.made

9. Don’t look in the hall closet. Your birhtday present…….there.

A.are hidden B.is hided C.was hided D.is hidden

10. The door to this room……

A. is shutted B. is shut C.shuts D.are shut

11. They have watched the music programme on T.V since 3 o’clock.

A. The music programme on T.V have been seen since 3 o’clock

B. The music programme on T.V has been seen since 3 o’clock.

C. The music programme on T.V have be seen since 3 o’clock.

D. The music programme on T.V had been seen since 3 o’clock.

12. People said that Tom stole that bicycle.

A. Tom is said to steal that bicycle. B. Tom is said that to steal that bicycle.

C. Tom was said to steal that bicycle. D. Tom were said to steal that bicycle.

13. People believed that John is a good person.

A. It is believed that John is a good person. B. It was believed that John is a good person

C. It believes that John is a good person D. It believed that John is a good person.

14. Mary is reading newspapers now.

A. Newspapers are read by Mary now. B. Newspapers being read by Mary now.

C. Newspapers are being read by Mary now. D. Newspapers are reading by Mary now.

2. Change into passive:1. They can’t make tea with cold water.2. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan.3. Somebody has taken some of my books away.4. They will hold the meeting before May Day.5. They have to repair the engine of the car.6. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.7. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.8. They may use this room for the classroom. 9. The teacher is going to tell a story.

10. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.11. The chicken looked at the woman with a red hat.12. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.13. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.14. You mustn’t use this machine after 5.30pm.15. Luckily, for me, they didn’t call my name.16. After class, one of the students always crases the chalkboard.17. You must clean the wall before you paint it.18. They told the new pupil where to sit.19. I knew that they had told him of the meeting.20. Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness. 21. Did Ann discover the mistake?22. Tommy didn`t break the chair.23. She doesn`t the housework every morning.24. She cooked the meals carefully.25. She will put the flower vase in the living room.26. Jane has just finished the needlework.27. She is singing English songs now.28. Your brother found the book, didn`t he?29. I told the servant to shut the door.30. I wound like to give Lan a nice present.31. He doesn`t like people to ask him stupid question.32. Write your name on this piece of paper.33. They let us go out34. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.35. They saw her come in.36. She hates peple staring at her.37. John gave me a nice present.38. I bought my mother some flowers

C. MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: RELATIVE CLAUSES:

1. Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns or relative adverbs.

1. Alexander Fleming, ____ discovered penicillin received the Nobel prize in 1945.

2. The book ____ I need can’t be found in the library.

3. Here is the beech ____ is the safest for swimmers.

4. Do you know the American woman ____ name is Margaret Michell?

5. Jim, ____ I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends.

6. John found a cat ____ leg was broken.

7. This tree, ____ branches are dry should be cut down.

8. The child smiled at the woman ____ he didn’t know.

9. Children enjoy reading the books ____ have coloured pictures.

10. The noise ____ he made woke up everybody.

11. The house ____ walls and roof are made of glass is a green house.

12. Rod lee ____ sister I know is a film actor.

13. We saw many soldiers and tanks ____ were moving to the front.

14. We must find a time ___ we can meet and a place ____ we can talk.

15. I know a place ____ roses grow in abundance.

16. The teacher with ____ we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.

17. This is the house ____ we have lived for five years.

18. Tom has three sister, all of ____ are married.

19. This doctor, ____ you visited yesterday, is very famous.

20. The day ____ she left was rainy.

2. Use a relative pronoun or relative adverb to combine each pair of sentences below:

1. The student is from China. He sits next to me.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..

2. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..

3. Jim passed the exam. This surprised everybody.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..

4. You sent me a present. Thank you for it.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..

5. You didn’t tell us the reason. We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..

6. The reason is not valid. You gave it yesterday.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..

7. The day is rainy. She left on that day.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..

8. A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..

9. Our school has a good laboratory. The students practise chemistry in the laboratory.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..

10. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning.