WANG-SHAPED PATCH ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

CONTENTS:

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION TO ANTENNAS

PATCH ANTENNA

WANG-SHAPED PATCH ANTENNA

TYPES OF FEED

L-PROBE FEEDING

APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT:

A novel Wang-shaped patch antenna with a small

aperture is presented in this project. Stable radiation patterns

and cross-polarization levels to be achieved at a wide

operational bandwidth and to obtain desired average gain,

return loss, and efficiency across the bandwidth. The antenna

to serve simultaneously most of the modern wireless

communication standards.

INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESSCOMMUNICATION:

Wireless communication is transfer of information between two

or more points that are not connected by electrical conductor.

It permits services such as long range communication that are

impossible or impractical to implement with the use of wires.

It offers higher data rates and sensitivity.

Information is transferred over short and long distances.

Applications are point-to-point, point-to-multipoint

communication, broadcasting, cellular networks, Wi-Fi technology.

INTRODUCTION TO ANTENNAS:

An antenna is a specialized transducer which is used to convert

radio frequency fields into alternating current(AC) or vice-versa.

Antennas, which sends and receives the electromagnetic waves

through space plays a vital role in wireless communications.

It is the basic element used to establish a wireless link between

communicating devices.

In today’s communication industry microstrip antenna is the

most important component used due to its several attractive

features.

FREQUENCY BAND ANTENNA TYPE APPLICATIONS

VLF(3KHZ-30KHZ) Vertically grounded wire.

World wide telegraphy.

LF(30KHZ_300KHZ) Wave antennas. Long distance point to point service.

MF(300KHZ-3MHZ) Vertical radiators. National broadcasting.

HF(3MHZ-30MHZ) Folded dipole, TWT. Short wave broadcasting.

VHF(30MHZ-300MHZ)

Yagi-uda, Patch antennas.

RADAR, TV, Radio

UHF(300MHZ-3000MHZ)

Helical, Horn antennas.

Short distance communication.

SHF(3000MHZ-30000MHZ)

Parabolic reflect.ors Satellites, RADAR.

CONT….

PATCH ANTENNA:

A Patch antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile

which can mounted on flat surface.

A Patch antenna is also called as rectangular microstrip

antenna.

They are the original type of microstrip antenna described by

Howell in 1972.

It consists of a flat rectangular sheet or patch of metal,

mounted over a large sheet of metal called ground plane.

A patch antenna is usually constructed on dielectric substrate.

The impedance bandwidth of patch antenna is strongly

influenced by spacing between patch and ground plane.

WANG-SHAPED PATCH ANTENNA:

The Wang-shaped patch is designed by merging two E-shaped

patches, one mirrored to the other, as a single patch that leads to

symmetrical geometry with respect to both axes.

The topological shape of the patch resembles the well-known

Chinese character, hence the shape Wang-shaped patch antenna.

TYPES OF FEEDS:

There are four types of feeds. They are:

• Rectangular or Edge feeding.

• Probe feeding.

• Aperture feeding.

• Proximity feeding.

Rectangular and probe feeding come under direct contact

methods where as aperture and proximity feeding come under

indirect contact indirect.

Generally rectangular feeding and probe feeding are used.

L-PROBE FEEDING:

L-probe feeding is a hybrid representation of probe and

proximity coupled versions.

Microstrip patch antennas are usually designed to have

small relative bandwidth.

L-probe driving technique is able to increase relative

bandwidth more than 30%.

Fig:L-probe feeding.

APPLICATIONS:

Wang-shaped patch antenna meets the requirements of

multiple wireless communication standards such as

Wi-Fi.

WiMAX.

Wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA).

GSM.