PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TISSUE GROWTH

Professor Yu.I. Bondarenko

PLANPLAN 11..TumorTumor, , it it pathophysiologicalpathophysiological

characteristiccharacteristic 2. Е2. Еtiology oftiology of tumortumor 3. 3. Conception of oncogeneConception of oncogene 4. 4. Stages of Stages of cancerogenesiscancerogenesis

Definition of tumor Tumor − typical pathological

process in appearance of tissue growth up is characterized with potential unlimited growth, growth

unregulation and atypic cells anaplasia

Pathophysiologicalcharacteristic of tumor

Anlimited of growthAnregulation of growthAnaplasia of tumor cells

Methods of tumor cultivation

1. Transplantation 2. Explantation Transplantion stains1. Erlich сarcinoma in mise2. Crocer сarcinoma in mise3. Sаrcoma M-1 in rats4. Carcinoma Braun-Pirs in rabbit Explantation stains1. Cells of HeLa- cervix cancer

Kinds of cellular аnаplasia

•1. Моrphological•2. Biochemical•3. Physic-chemical•4. Functional•5. Immunological

Morphological anaplasia

Polymorphism of cells Increase of relation

nucleus /cytoplasma Multinucleonic Hyperchromatosis of

nucleuses Increase of quantity

nucleoles Changes of cell оrganels

Changes of mitochondriasDecrease of amountDecrease of sizesRefinition of mitochondriale

membranes Decrease of amount crestRefinition of crest

Biochemical аnaplasiaFeatures of protein metabolism

1. Dysfermentosis2. Unification of isoenzymic spectr3. Activation of nucleonic acids synthesis4. Activation DNA-polymerase5. Increase of protein synthesis 6. Decrease of protein catabolism

Biochemical аnaplasiaEnergy supply

1. Activation of anaerobic glycolysis2. Present of aerobic glycolysis 3. Activation of glycolic enzymes - pyruvatkinase - hexokinase - fruitkinase4. Inhibition of Krebs cycle

Physic-Chemical аnaplasia

Acidosis Intracellular hydration Accumulation of potassium Increase of electroconductivity Decrease of colloid viscosity Increase of membranes charge Decrease of surfase tension

Immunological аnaplasia

Antigen admission Antigen divergence Antigen reversion

Chemical carcinogens 1. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 3,4-benzopyrine 1,2,5,6-dibenzoantracene 9,10-dimethyl-1,2- benzoantracene 20- methylcholantren 2. Aromatic аmines and amides monoаzоbenzol 2-аminofluoren 2-naphtylamine chlornaphthisine benzidine

3. Nitrosamines and nitrosamides N,N-dimethylnitrosamine N-nitrosopyrolidine N-nitrosomethylаniline N-nitrosomorpholine N-methyl- N-nitrosourine

Formation of carcinogenes

l Precarcinogenel ↓

Proximalcarcinogene

↓Final carcinogene

VIRAL VIRAL carcinogenesiscarcinogenesis ANIMALSANIMALS:: 1. 1. RaussRauss sarcomasarcoma inin henhen - 1910 - 1910 2. 2. Shope fibroma in rabbitsShope fibroma in rabbits - 1932 - 1932 3. 3. Shope papillomaShope papilloma in rabbitsin rabbits - 1934 - 1934 4. 4. BBііttnerttner milk factormilk factor - 1936 - 1936 PEOPLEPEOPLE:: 1. 1. BurkittBurkittі і lymphomalymphoma– – Central Central ААfricafrica 2. 2. NasopharyngealNasopharyngeal cancercancer – –ChineChine 3. 3. CervixCervix cancercancer

Activation ofActivation of protooncogeneprotooncogene PointPoint mutationsmutations ChromosomalChromosomal translocationtranslocation ViralViral transductiontransduction Insertion ofInsertion of geneticgenetic materialmaterial Amplification of genesAmplification of genes

Stages ofStages of carcinogenesiscarcinogenesis

TransformationTransformation − − expression of expression of cell oncogenecell oncogene

PromotionPromotion − − division cellsdivision cells ProgressionProgression− − development ofdevelopment of

tumortumor in a way of malignisationin a way of malignisation