pathophysiology (risk factors & symptoms)
TRANSCRIPT
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Risk Factors
PREDISPOSING FACTORS: A predip!ing "a#$!r i!%e$hing inheren$ in an !rgani% $ha$ %ay lead $! a
pr!ble%. &N!$ M!di"iable'
PRECIPITATING FACTORS: A pre#ipi$a$ing "a#$!r i $he$hing $ha$ $rigger $he predip!i$i!n. &M!di"iable'
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PREDISPOSING FACTORS
(.Age).Gender
*.Ra#e+.Gene$i#
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Age (Youg Chil!re a!Ol!er People"
• A#$ual: NOT PRESENT
• Ra$i!nale: ,y%ph n!de enlarge%en$ e#!ndary $!
in"e#$i!n are #!%%!nly een in y!ung #hildren and
Older pe!ple in#e i%%a$ure i%%une y$e% are le
adep$ a$ "igh$ing !" in"e#$i!n.
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Ge!er (#ale"
• A#$ual: Preen$
• Ra$i!nale: O-erall $he ri/ !" n!n01!dg/in ly%ph!%a i
higher in %en $han in 2!%en bu$ $here are #er$ain $ype
!" n!n01!dg/in ly%ph!%a $ha$ are %!re #!%%!n in
2!%en. The rea!n "!r $hi are n!$ /n!2n.
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Race
• A#$ual: NOT PRESENT
• Ra$i!nale: 3hi$e are %!re li/ely $han A"ri#an A%eri#an
and Aian A%eri#an $! de-el!p ly%ph!%a. 3!rld2ide
ly%ph!%a i %!re #!%%!n in de-el!ped #!un$rie 2i$h
$he 4ni$ed S$a$e and Eur!pe ha-ing $he highe$ ra$e.
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Geetic
• A#$ual: NOT PRESENT
• Ra$i!nale: Al%!$ e-ery #an#er $ype ha been h!2n $!
run in "a%ilie. Thi %ay be due $! gene$i# hared
en-ir!n%en$ #ul$ural !r li"e$yle "a#$!r !r #han#e
al!ne. Gene$i# "a#$!r play a r!le in #an#er #ell
de-el!p%en$. Abn!r%al #hr!%!!%al pa$$ern and#an#er ha-e been a!#ia$ed 2i$h e5$ra #hr!%!!%e $!!
"e2 #hr!%!!%e !r $ranl!#a$ed #hr!%!!%e.
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Geetic cotiuatio$
• Ra$i!nale: Spe#i"i# #an#er 2i$h underlying gene$i#
abn!r%ali$ie in#lude 6ur/i$$ ly%ph!%a #hr!ni#
%yel!gen!u leu/e%ia %eningi!%a a#u$e leu/e%iare$in!bla$!%a 3il% $u%!r and /in #an#er in#luding
%alignan$ %elan!%a. Addi$i!nally $here are yndr!%e $ha$
repreen$ a #lu$er !" #an#er $ha$ are iden$i"ied by a pe#i"i#
gene$i# al$era$i!n $ha$ i inheri$ed a#r! genera$i!n !" a
"a%ily. In $hee "a%ilie $he a!#ia$ed gene$i# %u$a$i!n i
"!und in all #ell and repreen$ an inheri$ed u#ep$ibili$y $!
#an#er "!r all "a%ily %e%ber 2h! #arry $he %u$a$i!n
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Precipitatig Factors
(. ,y%pha$i# Ob$ru#$i!n
). In"e#$i!n !r 1i$!ry !" In"e#$i!n
*. ,y%ph!%a
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%y&phatic O'structio
• A#$ual: NOT PRESENT
• Ra$i!nale: ,y%pha$i# !b$ru#$i!n i due $! a bl!#/age !r
pr!l!nged #!%prei!n !" $he ly%ph n!de !r ly%pha$i#
-eel. Caue in#lude $u%!r urgery and #hr!ni#
in"e#$i!n. O"$en $he ly%pha$i# -eel draining a2ay
"r!% an in"e#$i!n i$e %ay be#!%e in"e#$ed $he%el-e&ly%phangi$i' &Anand )778'.A""e#$ed -eel are
uually dila$ed and #!n$ain %any in"la%%a$!ry #ell.
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Iectio
•
A#$ual: PRESENT• Ra$i!nale: Thi in"la%%a$i!n !" a ly%ph n!de !r n!de i
#!%%!nly een in ba#$erial in"e#$i!n par$i#ularly
he%!ly$i# $rep$!#!##i and $aphyl!#!##i. I$ !##ai!nally
!##ur a a reul$ !" -iral in"e#$i!n u#h a $he Ep$ein0
6arr -iru 2hi#h #aue glandular "e-er !r be#aue !"
yea$ !r parai$i# in"e#$i!n.
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Iectio cotiuatio$
•
,y%phadeni$i %ay be y$e%i# &a""e#$ing large nu%ber!" n!de $hr!ugh!u$ $he b!dy' !r re$ri#$ed $! n!de #l!e
$! a 2!und !r a p!!l !" in"e#$i!n u#h a an ab#e.
In"la%%a$i!n #!%%!nly e5$end in$! $he neighb!ring
ly%pha$i# -eel &ly%phangi$i' and i !"$en
a##!%panied by a "e-er.
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Iectio cotiuatio$
•
,y%phadeni$i i #hara#$eri9ed by $ender 2!llen and palpable ly%ph n!de. O##ai!nally in"la%%a$i!n 2i$hin
a gr!up !" n!de %ay be ! pr!%inen$ $ha$ $he !-erlying
/in %ay be red and h!$ $! $he $!u#h. The #!ndi$i!n i
!"$en %ar/ed by red line #!rrep!nding $! $he p!i$i!n
!" $he a""e#$ed ly%pha$i# -eel and $he a""e#$ed n!de
and -eel are e5$re%ely pain"ul !n palpa$i!n.
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%y&pho&a
• A#$ual: NOT PRESENT
• Ra$i!nale: ,y%ph!%a are #an#er $ha$ !rigina$e in $he
ly%ph!#y$e 2hen n!r%al ly%ph!id $iue i repla#ed by
abn!r%al rapidly di-iding #ell !" ly%ph!id !rigin. Thi
reul$ in $he "!r%a$i!n !" !lid $u%!r !" $he ly%ph
n!de. The $u%!r appear "ir% i%%!-able and painle
in #!n$ra$ $! ly%ph n!de enlarge%en$ #aued byin"e#$i!n 2hi#h !"$en preen$ a a %!-able $ender
lu%p. ,y%ph!%a are #lai"ied a ei$her 1!dg/in !r
n!n01!dg/in.
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Sy&pto&atlogy
(. S2!llen ,y%ph Gland
). Pain
*. Fe-er
+. Fa$igue
;. Diaph!rei
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S)olle %y&ph Gla!s
• A#$ual: PRESENT
• Ra$i!nale: The ly%ph n!de &
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Pai
• A#$ual: PRESENT
• Ra$i!nale: 3hen a ly%ph n!de rapidly in#reae in i9e
i$ #apule $re$#he and #aue pain. Pain i uually $he
reul$ !" an in"la%%a$!ry pr!#e !r uppura$i!n bu$
pain %ay al! reul$ "r!% he%!rrhage in$! $he ne#r!$i#
#en$er !" a %alignan$ n!de. The preen#e !r aben#e !"$enderne d!e n!$ reliably di""eren$ia$e benign "r!%
%alignan$ n!de.
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Fe*er
• A#$ual: PRESENT
• Ra$i!nale: Fe-er i a reul$ !" $he !ng!ing in"la%%a$!ry
rep!ne again$ $he in"e#$i!n e5perien#ed by $he pa$ien$.
Fe-er %ay reul$ "r!% an i%balan#e be$2een $he eli%ina$i!n
and $he pr!du#$i!n !" $he hea$. In"e#$i!n neur!l!gi# dieae
%alignan#y perni#i!u ane%ia $hr!%b!e%b!li# dieae
par!5y%al $a#hy#ardia #!nge$i-e hear$ "ailure #ruhingin>ury e-ere $rau%a and %any drug %ay #aue "e-er. The
#!ure !" "e-er -arie in $he #aue and #!ndi$i!n !" $he
pa$ien$ and $he $rea$%en$ gi-en.
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Fatigue
• A#$ual: PRESENT
• Ra$i!nale: In general %!$ #ae !" "a$igue %ay be
a$$ribu$ed $! pr!ble% in $hree area: li"e$yle "a#$!r
%edi#al #!ndi$i!n !r py#h!l!gi#al pr!ble%. Fa$igue i
n!$ a dieae? i$ i >u$ %erely a y%p$!% !" a dieae.
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Diaphoresis
• A#$ual: NOT PRESENT
• Ra$i!nale: The e#re$i!n !" 2ea$ epe#ially $he pr!"ue
e#re$i!n a!#ia$ed 2i$h an ele-a$ed b!dy $e%pera$ure
phyi#al e5er$i!n e5p!ure $! hea$ and %en$al !"
e%!$i!nal $re