patient safety and infection control
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PATIENT SAFETY AND INFECTION CONTROL
Astrid Grgurich
Infection control...
Protection of those vulnerable to infection
Hygiene basic principle
(Image taken from Clipart).
Nosocomial infection
Acquired in hospital or health-care setting AND: Patient admitted
for reason other than that infection
Infection was not present or incubating at time of admission
(Image taken from Clipart).
Semmelweis
(Best & Neuhauser, 2004).
So basically...
Contact with an
infectious patient
Inadequate infection
control
Transferral of bacteria
to next patient
Hand hygiene
(WHO, 2009).
Why?
20–30% of hospital-acquired infections are considered preventable by utilising hygiene and control programmes!!!!
(European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2011).
The literature...
the lack of imperative or precise wording
The lack of easily identifiable instructions specific to each profession
the lack of concrete performance targets
the lack of timely and adequate guidance on personal protective equipment and other safety measures
More literature...
A little more literature...
Skills and curriculum for training of infection-control professionals
Ratio of infection-control professionals to workload
Strategies for implementation
Where does the responsibility lie?
Management Infection control teams Physicians Microbiologists Pharmacists Nursing staff Sterilization staff Food, laundry and housekeeping services Visitors
References Best, M., & Neuhauser, D. (2004). Ignaz Semmelweis and the b irth of infection control. Quality
safety health care, 13, 233-234. Ducel, G., Fabry, J., & Nicolle, L. (Eds.). (2002). Prevention of hospital-acquired infections: A
practical guide (2nd ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2011). Healthcare-associated infections.
Retrieved from http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/Healthcare-associated_infections/Pages/index.aspx
Hand Hygiene Australia. (2012). What is hand hygiene? Retrieved from http://hha.org.au/AboutHandHygiene.aspx
Macias, A., & Ponce-de-Leon, S. (2005). Infection control: Old problems and new challenges. Archives of medical research,36, 637-645.
Timen, A., Hulscher, M., Rust, L., Steenbergen, J., Akkermans, R., Grol, R., & van der Meer, J. (2010). Barriers to implementing infection prevention and control guidelines during crises: Experiences of health care professionals. American journal of infection control, 38(9), 726-733.
World Health Organisation. (2008). Core components for infection prevention and control programmes. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2009/WHO_HSE_EPR_2009.1_eng.pdf
World Health Organisation. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: First global patient safety challenge clean care is safer care. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
World Health Organisation. (2011). Infection control. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/infection_control/en/
Yokoe, D., & Klassen, D. (2008). Improving patient safety through infection control: A new healthcare imperative. Infection control & hospital epidemiology, 29(1), 3-11.