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Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13

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Page 1: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Patient Vital SignsDRAFT

Rad Tech A – Week 13

Page 2: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Patient Assessment &Vital Signs

• Patient Interview

• Role of Radiologic Technologist

• Elements of the Clinical History

• Vital Signs

• Oxygen Therapy

• Oxygen Devices

• Chest Tubes and Lines

Page 3: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Vital Signs• Body Temperature

• Respiratory Rate

• Pulse / Heart Rate

• Blood Pressure

Page 4: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Vital Signs• Indication of

Homeostasis

• Primary Mechanisms– Heart beat– Blood pressure– Body temperature– Respiratory rate– Electrolyte

balance

• Physical assessment include measurement of vital signs

Body Temperature

Pulse

Respiration

Blood Pressure

Mental Status

Page 5: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Homeostasis

• Our bodies are always trying to maintain HOMEOSTASIS – a constancy in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival.

• Ex: sweating to cool body temperature

Page 6: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Body Temperature

• The human body has an ideal temperature, and it works to maintain it, this is called:

THERMOREGULATION

• Ideal temperature: 98.6 degrees F (oral)

• Acceptable range: 97.7 to 99.5 degrees F

• Measurement: oral, axillary, tympanic, rectal

Page 7: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Body Temperature

• Normal average body temperature: 98.6 F

Humans can survive between 106 F and 93.2 F.

–Hyperthermia Fever, febrile

–Hypothermia below normal range

Page 8: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Measuring Body Temperature

– Oral

– Rectal

– Axillary

– Tympanic

Page 9: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Pulse

• Pulse rate: Adult = 60 to 100 beats per minute

• Children under 10 = 70 to 120 beats per minute

• Tachycardia• Bradycardia

Page 10: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Blood PressureBlood Pressure Measure of the force exerted by blood on the

arterial walls during contraction & relaxation.

Measured pressure when the heart is relaxed: Diastolic

Measured pressure when the heart is contracted: Systolic

Measured with a Sphygmomanometer

Page 11: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Blood PressureBlood Pressure

Systolic pressure = 95-140 mmHg

Diastolic pressure = 60-90 mmHg

120/ 80 Normal

Page 12: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Blood Pressure cont’dBlood Pressure cont’d

Recorded in millimeters of mercury

(mm Hg) with systolic over diastolic

Normal adult systolic: 95-140 mm Hg Normal adult diastolic: 60-90 mm Hg

Persistent elevation of BP: HypertensionPersistent low BP: Hypotension

Page 13: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Respiratory RateRespiratory Rate

Respiratory System delivers oxygen to the body’s tissues & eliminates carbon dioxide.

Major muscle of ventilation: diaphragm Measured in “breaths per minute”

Adults: 12 – 20 bpmChildren: 20 – 30 bpmNewborns: 30 – 60 bpm

Page 14: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Respiratory Rate

• Breaths per minute: Adult = 12 to 20

• Children under 10 = 20 to 30 per min

• Dyspnea- difficulty breathing

• Apnea- no breathing

• Bradypnea – decrease is breathing

Page 15: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Pulse Oximeter

• Normal Pulse Oximeter = 95% to 100%

Page 16: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Methods of Delivering Oxygen

Ventilators

Nasal Cannula

Oxyhood

Masks

Page 17: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Oxygen

• Oxygen constitutes 21% of atmospheric gases

• If O2 levels in the body drop below 21% homeostasis is altered.

• Hypoxia: Inadequate amount of oxygen at the cellular level.

Page 18: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Chest Tubes & LinesThe Rad Tech’s Role

• Early detection of problems associated with malpositioned lines.

• X-rays assist physicians in determining if tubes and lines are placed correctly

• Correct positioning and technical exposure are crucial

Page 19: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Chest Tubes and LinesCHEST TUBESENDOTRACHEAL TUBES

CENTRALLINES

NASOGASTRIC TUBES

Page 20: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Tubes & Lines cont’d

• Endotracheal Tubes (ET tubes) – Known as “intubation”

-translaryngeal

-tracheostomy

-nasotracheal• Must be precise in

placement: 1-2 inches superior to the tracheal bifurcation (carina)

Page 21: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical
Page 22: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Intubation of the rt main-stem bronchus with complete occlusion of the lt bronchus causing lt lung atelectasis.

Page 23: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

(A) Distal tip of endotracheal tube in rt main bronchus; (B) Central venous catheter in the lt subclavian vein.

Page 24: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

CHEST TUBES

Page 25: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical
Page 26: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical
Page 27: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical
Page 28: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Tubes & Lines (last one)

• Common insertion sites for CV lines:-subclavian vein-internal jugular vein-femoral vein

• Most evaluated by a chest x-ray

• Extreme caution must be used when positioning for images!

Page 29: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

NASOGASTRIC (NG) TUBE

Page 30: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical
Page 31: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical
Page 32: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical
Page 33: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical
Page 34: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical
Page 35: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

CENTRAL LINESCENTRAL LINES

Page 36: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical
Page 37: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical
Page 38: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Rt hydrothorax caused by displacement of a central venous line during dressing change; 1300 ml of intravenous fluids were evacuated via thoracentesis.

Page 39: Patient Vital Signs DRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical

Review

• Vital Signs

• Homeostasis

• Body Temperature

• Pulse

• Respiration

• Blood Pressure

• Mental Status

• Electrolyte balance

• Pulse Oximeter

• Oxygen

• Oxygen Devices

• Chest Tubes

• Chest Lines


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