patrolling - lesson plan

8/3/2019 Patrolling - Lesson Plan

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PATROLLING

FUNDAMENTALS

CS1101


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DEFINITION OF A PATROL

A patrol is a detachment of

ground, sea or air forces sentout for the purpose of gatheringinformation or carrying out a

destructive, harassing,mopping-up or security mission


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THE PURPOSE OF PATROLLING

Gain current information aboutenemy/terrain

Destroy enemy installations

Capture enemy personnel

Perform security missions

Prevent the enemy from gaininginformation


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TYPES OF PATROLS

CLASSIFIED INTO TWO GROUPS

MISSION

MEANS OF MOVEMENT


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PATROL TYPES

ReconnaissanceGather informationabout enemy, terrain, and/or resources

Relies on stealth rather than combatstrength

Fight only when necessary to

accomplish mission/defendthemselves


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RECONNAISSANCE PATROLS

RouteObtain info on a specified

route and associated terrainAreaObtain info on enemy,

terrain, and/or resources in a given

area (e.g., a village)


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RECONNAISSANCE PATROLS

Zone- Info concerning all routes,

obstacles (to include chemical/

radiological contamination), terrain,

and enemy forces within a zone defined

by boundaries


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PATROL TYPES

CombatFighting patrol; may engage

enemy

ContactEstablishes and maintains

contact with friendly or enemy force

AmbushSurprise attack from aconcealed position


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COMBAT PATROLS CONT.

RaidExecutes a limited objective,

surprise attack on an enemy force

or installation and thenconducts a

planned withdrawal

Security - Prevents infiltration andor surprise attacks


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PATROL CLASSIFIED BY

MEANS OF MOVEMENT

FootMost common; limited range

MotorizedGreater range; limited by

terrain

WaterborneUsed as entry for patrol

HelicopterborneWhere terrain orsituation precludes use of vehicles


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PATROL ORGANIZATION

Organization of a patrol is a two-step

process.

General organization- entire patrol

Task organization- patrol units

The major subdivisions of patrols arecalled elements


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GENERAL ORGANIZATION

Typical patrol elements:

Headquarters

Support element

Security element

Assault element


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TASK ORGANIZATION

Patrols are further subdivided into

teams

Each team performs essential,

designated tasks

Patrol members must know how toperform tasks assigned to all members


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INDIVIDUAL TASKS

Assistant Patrol Leader- Assists the PL;

takes charge in absence of PL

Radio OperatorMaintains

communication; reports incoming

transmissions to PL

NavigatorMaintains direction ofmovement in accordance w/ patrol route


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INDIVIDUAL TASKS

Pace ManAssists PL in determining

distance patrol has traveled

FlanksHelps prevent a surprise

attack to the patrols flanks


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GATHERING INFORMATION

A commander often acts on informationfurnished by scouts and patrols.

While scouting or patrolling, informationmay be gathered through direct enemy

observation or through the interpretationof signs and tracks.


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DIRECT OBSERVATION

Most common method: Listening Posts

and/or Observation Posts (LP/OPs)

Typically used in a defensive position

Can also be observed by any member of

a patrolAll members must report their sightings


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SIGNS AND TRACKS

Footprints and bivouac site can indicate

number of enemy troops

Condition of bivouac site indicates morale,discipline and the type of withdrawal

Vehicle tracks indicate enemy equipment

Wheels vs. tracks


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METHODS OF REPORTING

INFORMATION

Distinguish between facts and opinions

Answer:

Who?

What?

Where? When?


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VERBAL MESSAGES

Radio is fastest for verbal reporting

Messenger used when radio is unavailable

Always repeat message out loud

Report information obtained along route

If captured, do not reveal information in

the message


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WRITTEN MESSAGES

Preferred to verbal messages

Should be brief, accurate, and clear

Should include overlay/sketch of

situation observed or interpreted

May be posted as a formal report


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PYROTECHNICS

Flares, colored smoke, and grenades

may be used for reporting information

Meaning of signal must be established

in advance of operation

Example: Green star cluster = enemyapproach


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SALUTE REPORT

Size/strength

Activity/Actions

Location/direction

Unit identification

Time and date

Equipment/weapons


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SALUTE REPORT

Information about observer must include:

Location at time of observation

Intention of originator and/or observer

Remain in position?

Continue with mission?


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SAMPLE SALUTE REPORT


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SAMPLE SALUTE REPORT

S-Four enemy fighters

A-Vehicle-mounted patrol

L-GC 783209 moving east U-Local Taliban militia

T-Observed 20020106 at 1545

E-Traditional clothing, AK-47s, red Toyotatruck


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10 MINUTE BREAK


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CONTROL MEASURES

Used as a means of controlling the

movement of a patrol and aid the

patrol leader in keeping a patrol

organized


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CHECKPOINTS

Predetermined point used to control

movement

Means of control between the parent

unit and the patrol

Higher can follow progress of patrolwithout transmitting coordinates


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RALLY POINTS

Easily identifiable point on the ground

where units can reassemble. It should:

Provide cover and concealment

Be defensible for a short time

Be easily recognized and known toall patrol members


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INITIAL RALLY POINTS

Within friendly lines where patrol can

rally if it becomes separated before

departing friendly area

May be the assembly area

Location must be coordinated withforward unit commander


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EN ROUTE RALLY POINTS

Between the initial rally point and

objective rally point (ORP)

Between ORP and re-entry rally point

Determined as patrol passes through a

suitable area


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OBJECTIVE RALLY POINT

Where patrol makes final preparations

before approaching the objective and

reassembles after completing mission

Must be suitable to perform activities

accomplished prior to actions on

objective


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INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS AT

CONTROL MEASURES

CheckpointsActions will vary

depending on how unit uses CPs

Patrol may pass CP and radio

information to higher unit

Patrol may halt at CP tochange directions, study the map, etc.


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CONTROL MEASURES CONT.

Rally Point Actions

Planned actions must provide for:

Continuation of patrol, if possible

Recognition signals for assembly

Min. members and max. waiting time Instructions for members who are alone


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CONTROL MEASURES CONT.

Initial and En Route Rally Points

As personnel return to RP, senior

Marine will take charge and follow

instructions as outlined during patrol

order


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WARNING ORDER

Issued as soon as practical

Contains sufficient information to

assist patrol members in preparation

Posted in unit area

Everyone is responsible for reading itUses modified 5-paragraph order


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WARNING ORDER CONT.

Situation:

Enemy and friendly situation

Mission:

Exactly as the PL received it

Everyone must remember andunderstand the patrols mission


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WARNING ORDER CONT.

General instructions

General and special organization

Uniform and equip common to all

Weapons, ammo, and equipment

Chain of command Time schedule for patrols guidance


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WARNING ORDER CONT.

Specific instructions

To subordinate leaders:

Information about drawing gear

Personnel to accompany PL on

reconnaissance (if necessary)Guidance on special preparation


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WARNING ORDER CONT.

Specific instructions

To special purpose teams or key

individuals Address reqs of designated

personnel/teams

Remind individuals/team leaders tocheck the equipment


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PATROL ORDER

Follows a warning order

Detailed description of how patrol will

accomplish mission

All patrol members should be present

Usually given over a terrain modelBegins with an orientation


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SITUATION

Contains information on overall status

of friendly and enemy forces

EnemySALUTE, DRAW-DG

FriendlyHigher, adjacent, and

supporting units missions Attachments and Detachments


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MISSION

Clear and concise statement of what

patrol is to accomplish

Expresses unit's primary task and

purpose (5 Ws)

PL should also specify whether missionor time has priority


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EXECUTION

Commander's IntentEnd state

Concept of OperationsConduct of

patrol

TasksMissions of subordinate units

Coordinating InstructionsTaskscommon to all.


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ADMIN & LOGISTICS

Info for subordinate units to coordinatetasks

Beans Bullets

Batteries

Band-Aids

Bad Guys


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COMMAND & SIGNAL

Information relating to command and

communications (control) functions:

Radio frequencies and brevity codes

Challenge and password

Succession of command PL and APL locations during patrol


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INSPECTIONS

Initial:

Completeness and correctness of

uniform and equipment

Rehearsals are conducted as

realistically as possible w/all requiredgear and equipment


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REHEARSALS

Familiarizes members with actions to

take during patrol

Conducted in similar conditions

All actions should be rehearsed

Most critical phases have priority


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FINAL INSPECTION

Final:

All equipment is still in working

order

Discrepancies have been corrected

Unit is ready to embark onmission


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FINAL INSPECTION CONT.

Uniform and equipment:

Camouflage

Identification tags and cards

Prescribed equipment is serviceable

Equipment has been silenced No unnecessary equipment


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FINAL INSPECTION CONT.

Each member knows and understands:

MISSION!

Planned routes

Individuals role

Roles of the other members Signals and other pertinent details


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NOISE AND LIGHT DISCIPLINE

AND CAMOUFLAGE

Light is easily detected at night.

Noise will compromise your position.

During the day or night, the eye will pickup unusual shapes, color, and movement.


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LIGHT DISCIPLINE

Expose nothing that reflects light

Cover/remove reflective items

Do not use light sources

No smoking allowed at anytime

PL will designate what kind oflight to be used during halts


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NOISE DISCIPLINE

Ensure all gear is properly secured

Silence gear to reduce unwanted noises

Top off canteens before step off

Stop frequently during patrol to listen

Do not speak unless necessary

Use hand and arm signals


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CAMOUFLAGE

Shiny areasdark

paint

Shadow areaslight

paint

Field expedient meansonly as last resort


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CONCEALMENT

Blend in with

surroundings

Remain motionless

when observing

If it goes with you-itcomes back with you


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10 MINUTE BREAK

Out side small arms range

Conduct Short Security Halt

EXITING FRIENDLY LINES


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CONTACT

GUIDE

FEBAFEBA

RANGER FILE

FORMATION

XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x

APERS

MINEFIELDS

Co duct S o t Secu ty a t

Conduct Head count

CONDUCT HEAD COUNT

- Conduct security halt

- Continue patrol

(Max range of small arms)

EXITING FRIENDLY LINES

Dispersed

file formation

FEBA

Antipersonnel

minefield

FEBA


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SECURITY

Scouts used as eyes and ears

of the patrol

Front-Investigates route of advance

Flanks-One or two used for

squad sized patrol Rear-Maintains rear security


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SECURITY HALTS

Used: To observe and listen for enemyactivity. Also;

When reaching a danger area After departing and before entering

friendly areas

When sending a message, checkingdirection, or making a reconnaissance


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SHORT SECURITY HALT

Take a knee or get in

prone behind cover and concealment

All-round security is established

Patrol Leader ensures all members move

out when patrol resumes movement


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LONG SECURITY HALT

Used when patrol must halt for

an extended period of time

Move to an area that provides

security from enemy detection

Consists of passive and active securitymeasures.


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PASSIVE SECURITY MEASURES

Select a remote area

Avoid suspected enemy positions

Avoid ridgelines, topographic crests,

valleys, lakes, streams, roads, and trails

Avoid open woods and clearings Select areas offering dense vegetation


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ACTIVE SECURITY MEASURES

Establish security

Establish communications with posted

security

Plan for withdrawal in the event of

discoveryEstablish an alert plan


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RE-ENTRY OF FRIENDLY LINES

Conducts a long security halt at RRP

Listens and looks for enemy presence

PL requests permission to reenter

friendly lines

PL takes radioman and security teamto link up w/guide(s) at contact point


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CONT.

PL initiates far recognition signal and

guide responds

PL approaches, guide initiates near

recognition signal and PL responds

2 Marines return to patrolAPL moves patrol to contact point


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CONT.

Guide(s) lead patrol from contact point

into passage point

At passage point, PL (w/security)

counts members into passage lane

PL provides FUC w/ SALUTE reportPL takes patrol to S-2 for debrief


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DEMONSTRATION


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PRACTICAL APPLICATION


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SUMMARY

patrolling - lesson plan

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