patterson pearson's thoracic and esophageal surgery 3rd vol2

8/17/2019 Patterson Pearson's Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery 3rd Vol2

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The current edition of these two volumes is substantially

changed from the previous two editions. One importantchange is the title. The previous editions were entitledThoracic Surgery and Esophageal Surgery. The current volumes are renamed Pearson’s Thoracic and EsophagealSurgery. This change acknowledges the enormous impactDr. Pearson has had on developing, practicing, teaching, andresearch in the discipline we have come to know as generalthoracic surgery. Dr. Pearson was the senior editor of thefirst two editions of this text, and, with his appointmentas honorary editor to this edition, the editors decided thechange in name was timely. It should be noted that virtuallyall of the authors of the previous and current editionshave been students, partners, or colleagues of Dr. Pearsonor were themselves trained by one of Dr. Pearson’strainees.

This edition was developed and executed by a new edito-rial board. With the untimely death of Dr. Robert Ginsbergand the retirement of Drs. Harold Urschel and Clem Hiebertfrom the editorial board, we were given an opportunity toadd illustrious new members. Dr. James Luketich brings aninternational reputation for the development of minimallyinvasive surgery and other innovative techniques in thoracicsurgery. Drs. Tom Rice and Toni Lerut have both made majorcontributions to the field of esophageal surgery. They sharedprincipal responsibility for editing the esophageal volume. Ofcourse, Dr. Lerut also brings an important international per-spective to this edition and was able to recruit a number of

international experts as authors. As in prior editions, Drs. JoelCooper and Jean Deslauriers continue to make importantcontributions to the thoracic volume. It has been my privilegeto serve as senior editor of this edition.

The editorial board has reflected on the recent passing o

two outstanding thoracic surgeons, both of whom were influential in the evolution of this textbook. In recognition of theicontributions, the thoracic volume is dedicated to Dr. RoberGinsberg and the esophageal volume is dedicated to MrRonald Belsey. These volumes have not previously been dedicated, but the appropriateness of these dedications is evidenby the tributes to these great surgeons that follow on subsequent pages.

The content of these two volumes has changed dramatically to reflect developments in the 6 years since the lasedition. The vast majority of chapters are new additions orprior topics rewritten by new authors. The authorship represents an excellent collection of expertise from North American and international contributors.

These thoracic and esophageal volumes embody the enthusiasm and exciting developments that characterize generathoracic surgery internationally. The biology of diseases weconfront is being clarified by outstanding basic and clinicaresearch. Clinical staging of thoracic malignancies, althoughstill not perfect, is much more accurate than only a few yearago. Innovative surgeons have developed and refined minimally invasive techniques for many operative procedures wperform routinely. National and international societies as welas an increasing number of institutions continue to commito the development of general thoracic surgery. Postgraduattraining and curriculum requirements demand attention toand focus on general thoracic surgery. Although we as practic

ing thoracic surgeons benefit from this progress, the ultimatebeneficiaries are the young surgeons attracted to this excitinfield and, of course, our patients.

G. Alexander Patterson, MD, FRCSC

Preface

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Robert J. Ginsberg was a Canadian thoracic surgeon who became one of the most recognizedworld leaders in thoracic oncology. His success was the result of great leadership capability,drive, and innovative initiative, combined with his exceptional talent for obtaining loyal, enthu-siastic support from colleagues from every level of status and experience. These leadership andorganizational talents were exemplified by his coordination of the University of Toronto Tho-racic Surgery Group and their highly successful role in the U.S. National Institutes of Health(NIH)–sponsored Lung Cancer Study Group (LCSG) trials.

Bob was born, raised, and largely educated in Toronto. He gradu-ated with honors (Alpha Omega Alpha) from the University ofToronto Medical School in 1963, and he obtained his Canadiancertificate in general surgery in 1968. He then became the firstChief Resident in the newly created Division of General ThoracicSurgery at Toronto General Hospital (TGH) at the University ofToronto.

He subsequently spent 1 year as a Fellow at Baylor UniversitySchool of Medicine in Dallas, Texas, on the Cardiothoracic Serviceof Drs. Donald Paulson and Harold Urschel. At that time, DonaldPaulson was a world leader in the surgical staging and operativemanagement of lung cancer. Bob spent the following year as SeniorRegistrar at the University of Birmingham in England. There heacquired further knowledge of thoracic surgery and met Dr. GordonCummings, who stimulated his lifelong interest in pulmonary func-tion studies and their practical application for the management ofresectable lung cancer.

Bob died on March 1, 2003. He was a founding editor of this textbook, and the thoracicsurgery volume of this third edition is appropriately dedicated in his name. He is greatly missedby his friends, colleagues, and students.

QUALITIES A gruff, sometimes forbidding, demeanor camouflaged a vibrant, warm personality and a will-ingness to give his all for colleagues, students, or patients.

Astonishingly unselfish behavior was happily combined with unusual foresight. As his mentorHarold Urschel frequently observed, “Bob Ginsberg could see the big picture.” Bob’s selfless-ness recruited enthusiastic and loyal support from everyone.

These qualities were exemplified on the occasion of the appointment of a new Chief ofGeneral Thoracic Surgery at TGH and the University of Toronto in 1978. Many expected Bobto be appointed the new Chief of General Thoracic Surgery, but he did have competition.Dr. Joel D. Cooper, who had been on staff in the TGH Division of General Thoracic Divisionsince migrating from the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1972, had previously indicated hiswish to stay in Canada for about 5 years and then return to his native United States. But Joelchanged his mind and threw his hat into the ring for the Chief of General Thoracic Surgery

position. When doing so, he stated that, if appointed, he was prepared to remain in Torontofor the next 10 years. About 2 weeks after Joel’s declaration of interest, Bob appeared in Dr.F. Griffith Pearson’s office stating that he wanted to withdraw his name for consideration. Whenasked why, Bob replied, “If I take the job, Joel Cooper will leave, and that would be a greatloss for Toronto.” This was a selfless act but, in the end, a great judgment by Bob. Within 1 year,Joel recruited Bob to the staff of TGH and appointed Bob Director of Thoracic Oncology.These two individualistic and exceptionally able men complemented one another, and the Divi-sion of Thoracic Surgery undoubtedly became stronger for their dual presence.

Bob was a very skilled technical surgeon, remaining cool and innovative under duress. Fortrainees at all levels, he was a consummate teacher. Some found him unduly frank and out-spoken with his judgments, but this was always aimed at the best interest of the student.

Robert Jason Ginsberg

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Dedication for Dr. Robert Jason Ginsberg (1940-2003)


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Finally, he was a compassionate man. Inevitably, he became much loved and appreciated byhis colleagues and was generally revered by his patients.

ACCOMPLISHMENTSBob’s contributions to the Toronto Thoracic Surgery Group and this group’s participation inthe NIH-sponsored LCSG multicenter North American randomized trials (1977-1989) hasalready been mentioned. It is notable, however, that Bob and a medical oncologist colleague,Dr. Michael Baker, wrote and submitted the successful Request for Proposal to the NIH from

their home hospital—the Toronto Western Hospital—not TGH. Bob subsequently becamePrinciple Investigator (PI) for Toronto and remained so between 1979 and 1989. The TorontoThoracic Surgery Group was one of the seven original participating North American Centers.Toronto accrued almost half of the total number of patients in the LCSG trials. This remark-able productivity was the result of Bob’s success in recruiting thoracic surgeons and theirpatients from the University of Toronto–affiliated hospitals. Bob himself was a leader amongthe PIs from other participating American centers. He was the originator of the much quotedstudy on mortality rates for some 2500 lung cancer resections entered in LCSG trials duringthe first 3 years of study. Bob proposed and wrote the protocol for the trial comparing lobec-tomy with lesser resection for stage 1, non–small cell tumors.

In 1990, Bob became Head of Thoracic Surgery at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centerin New York City. He considerably broadened and strengthened their already notable clinicalprogram, as well as the thoracic residency experience.

His curriculum vitae listed some 260 publications, many editorial appointments, and count-less invitations throughout the world as visiting professor. He was an indefatigable worker.

AVOCATIONSUndoubtedly, his greatest pleasure was time spent with his family: his wife Charlotte and theirthree children Karen (a pediatrician in New York City), Jordan (a secondary school teacher inNew York City), and David (a restaurateur in Toronto). Many weekends and holidays werespent at the family cottage on Lake Simcoe, where Bob was constantly adding or fixing upsomething. It was here that Charlotte and Bob had planned to retire. Bob and his wife wereboth experienced and enthusiastic world travelers. Bob was widely known for his love of goodfood, odd food, and fine restaurants. He was a formidable amateur chef.

F. Griffith Pearson, MDG. Alexander Patterson, MD, FRCSC

Dedicationx


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Ghulam Abbas, MD

Director of Image-Guided Thoracic Surgery and AssistantProfessor, Heart, Lung, and Esophageal Surgery Institute,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh,PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Alternatives to Surgical Resection for Non–Small

Cell Lung Cancer

David J. Adelstein, MDProfessor of Medicine, Department of Solid Tumor Oncology,

Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College ofMedicine, Cleveland, OhioTHORACIC: Definitive Management of Inoperable Non–Small

Cell Lung Cancer

Clemens Aigner, MDDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical Universityof Vienna, Vienna, AustriaTHORACIC: Bronchiectasis; Evaluation and Management of

Elevated Diaphragm

Marco Alifano, MDSurgeon, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hôtel Dieu,

Hospital of Paris, Paris, FranceTHORACIC: Plication of the Diaphragm

Mark S. Allen, MDChair, Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Professor of

Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester,MinnesotaTHORACIC: Radionecrosis and Infection of the Chest Wall

and Sternum

Nasser K. Altorki, MD, MBBChProfessor and Chief of Thoracic Surgery and Director, Center

of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Department of Cardiotho-racic Surgery, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York,New YorkESOPHAGEAL: Primary Surgery for Adenocarcinoma of the

Esophagus; Three-Field Lymph Node Dissection for Cancerof the Esophagus

THORACIC: Early Detection and Screening of Lung Cancer

Rafael S. Andrade, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, University of Minnesota

Medical School; Thoracic Surgeon, Fairview UniversityMedical Center, Minneapolis, MinnesotaESOPHAGEAL: Peptic Esophagitis, Peptic Stricture, and

Short Esophagus

Michael J. Andritsos, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of AnesthesiologyOhio State University School of Medicine, ColumbusOhioTHORACIC: Anesthesia for Airway Surgery

M. Janine Arruda, MDStaff, Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland

Fairview Hospital, Cleveland; Medina General HospitalMedina; Parma Community Hospital, Parma, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Vascular Tracheoesophageal Compression

Vascular Rings, Pulmonary Artery Sling, and Innominate Artery Compression of the Trachea

Simon K. Ashiku, MDSurgeon, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts Genera

Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Tracheomalacia

Ahmad S. Ashrafi, MD, FRCSCThoracic Surgeon, Niagara Health System, St. Catherines

Ontario, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Open Toupet and Dor Partia

FundoplicationsTHORACIC: Unusual Mediastinal Tumors

Carl Lewis Backer, MDProfessor of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinber

School of Medicine; A. C. Buehler Professor of Cardio vascular-Thoracic Surgery, Division of CardiovascularThoracic Surgery, Children’s Memorial Hospital, ChicagoIllinoisTHORACIC: Congenital Anomalies: Vascular Rings

Majit S. Bains, MD Attending Surgeon, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

Professor of Surgery, Cornell University Medical CollegeNew York, New YorkESOPHAGEAL: Unusual Malignancies

Mark E. Baker, MDStaff, Diagnostic Radiology and Taussig Cancer Institute

Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Radiology, Computed Tomography, and

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Farzaneh Banki, MDCardiothoracic Fellow, Department of Surgery, Division o

Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle WashingtonTHORACIC: Inflammatory Conditions of the Airway

Contributors

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Contributorsxii

Nancy L. Bartlett, MD Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Oncology

Division, Medical Oncology Section, Washington Univer-sity, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Lymphoma of the Mediastinum

Richard J. Battafarano, MD, PhDChief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Maryland

Medical Center; Associate Professor, University of Mary-land School of Medicine, Baltimore, MarylandESOPHAGEAL: Complications of Esophageal ResectionTHORACIC: Open Drainage of Thoracic Infections; Diagnos-

tic Strategies for a Chest Wall Mass

Gilles Beauchamp, MDProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, University

of Montreal; Division of Thoracic Surgery, HôpitalMaisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaTHORACIC: Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Pneumo-

mediastinum

Ricardo A. Bello, MDClinical Instructor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein

College of Medicine; Instructor of Cardiothoracic Surgery,Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New YorkTHORACIC: Mediastinal Lymph Node Dissection

W. Fred Bennett, MD, FRCSC Assistant Professor, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Depart-

ment of Surgery, McMaster University Faculty of HealthSciences, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions

Michel G. Bergeron, MD, FRCPCDirector, Division of Microbiology, Laval University and

Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Quebec City,Quebec, CanadaTHORACIC: Pulmonary Infections in the Immunocompro-

mised Host

Yves Bergeron, PhD Adjunct Professor, Laval University; Project Leader, Research

Center for Infectious Diseases, Quebec City, Quebec,CanadaTHORACIC: Pulmonary Infections in the Immunocompro-

mised Host

Sanjeev Bhalla, MD Assistant Professor of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Radi-

ology, Thoracic Imaging Section; Chief, Thoracic ImagingSection; Co-Chief, Body Computed Tomography; AssistantRadiology Residency Program Director, Mallinckrodt Insti-tute of Radiology, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Imaging of the Upper Airway

Costas Bizekis, MD Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Director,

Esophageal Surgery Program; Director, General ThoracicSurgery, Bellevue Hospital, Division of Thoracic Surgery,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Univer-sity Medical Center, New York, New YorkESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Diverticula

Brendan J. Boland, MDResident in General Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, Uni-

versity of Southern California, Los Angeles, CaliforniaESOPHAGEAL: En-Bloc Resection of the Esophagus

Michael Bousamra, II, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Louisville;

Director of Lung Transplantation, Jewish Hospital; Headof Thoracic Surgery, James Graham Brown Cancer Center,Louisville, KentuckyTHORACIC: Neurogenic Tumors of the Mediastinum

Jeffrey D. Bradley, MD

Associate Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Alvin J.Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Induction and Adjuvant Therapy for Operable

Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Mario Brandolino, MDFormer Head, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Saint Bois

Hospital; Former Head, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Asociacion Española, Montevideo, UruguayTHORACIC: Rare Infections of the Pleural Space

Carl E. Bredenberg, MDProfessor of Surgery, University of Vermont College of Medi-

cine, Burlington, Vermont; Surgeon-in-Chief Emeritus,Maine Medical Center, Portland, MaineESOPHAGEAL: Selection and Placement of Conduits

Ross M. Bremner, MD, PhDChief, General Thoracic Surgery and Director, Center for

Thoracic Diseases, Heart and Lung Institute, St. Joseph’sHospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, ArizonaTHORACIC: Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Mary P. Bronner, MDSection Head, Morphologic Molecular Pathology; Director,

Gastrointestinal Pathology, Department of AnatomicPathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL:Histopathology of Gastroesophageal Disease

and Barrett’s Esophagus

Ayesha Bryant, MSPH, MD Assistant Professor, Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of

Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AlabamaTHORACIC: Anatomy and Physiology of the Chest Wall and

Sternum With Surgical Implications


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Contributors

Joshua H. Burack, MDClinical Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Division

of Cardiothoracic Surgery, State University of New York–Downstate, Brooklyn, New YorkTHORACIC: Pathophysiology and Initial Management of

Thoracic Trauma

Raul Burgos, MDProfessor of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University

Autonoma of Madrid; Staff, Thoracic and CardiovascularSurgery, Puerta de Mierro University Hospital, Madrid,SpainTHORACIC: Parasitic Diseases of the Lung and Pleura

Jean S. Bussières, MD Associate Professor, Laval University; Anesthesiologist, Uni-

versity Heart and Lung Institute, Laval Hospital, QuebecCity, Quebec, CanadaTHORACIC: Anesthesia for General Thoracic Surgery

Javier H. Campos, MDProfessor of Anesthesia; Vice Chair of Clinical Affairs;

Medical Director, Operating Rooms; Director of Cardio-thoracic Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Universityof Iowa Health Care, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver Collegeof Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics,Iowa City, IowaTHORACIC: Anesthesia for General Thoracic Surgery

Mieke Cannie, MDDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg,

Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag-

matic Hernia

Stephen D. Cassivi, MD, MSc, FRCSC Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of General ThoracicSurgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; ConsultantSurgeon and Surgical Director of Lung Transplantation,Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,MinnesotaTHORACIC: Mycotic Infections of the Lung

Alan G. Casson, MB, ChB, MSc, FRCSCProfessor of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan; Head,

Department of Surgery, Saskatoon Health Region, Saska-toon, Saskatchewan, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Biology and Epidemiology of Malignant

Esophageal Carcinoma

Evaristo Castedo, MDProfessor of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Autonoma of

Madrid; Staff, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Puertade Mierro University Hospital, Madrid, SpainTHORACIC: Parasitic Diseases of the Lung and Pleura

Robert James Cerfolio, MDProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery; Chief of Tho

racic Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AlabamaTHORACIC: Early Postoperative Complications; Closed

Drainage and Suction Systems

Ibrahim Bulent Cetindag, MDGeneral Surgery, Southern Illinois University School o

Medicine, Springfield, IllinoisTHORACIC: Thoracoscopy

Jacques E. Chelly, MD, PhD, MBAProfessor of Anesthesiology and Vice Chair of Clinica

Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University oPittsburgh Physicians, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Perioperative Pain Management

Priscilla Chiu, MD, PhDStaff Pediatric Surgeon, Division of General Surgery, Hospi

tal for Sick Children; Assistant Professor, Department oSurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadTHORACIC: Mediastinal Cysts and Duplications in Infants

and Children

Neil A. Christie, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Heart, Lung, and Esophagea

Surgery Institute and Director, LIFE Bronchoscopy anEarly Lung Cancer Detection Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaESOPHAGEAL: Palliation of Esophageal Cancer

Andy T. A. Chung, MDInstructor of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wash

ington University School of Medicine; Instructor, Barnes

Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Free Vascularized Grafts in Esophagea

Reconstruction

R. Brannon Claytor, MDClinical Instructor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Lahey Clinic

Burlington, Massachusetts; Clinical Instructor, MainMedical Center for the University of Vermont College oMedicine, Portland; Plastic and Hand Surgical AssociatesSouth Portland, MaineTHORACIC: Surgery of the Phrenic Nerve

Joel D. Cooper, MDProfessor of Surgery and Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Investigation and Management of the Indetermi

nate Pulmonary Nodule; Transcervical Thymectomy foNonthymomatous Myasthenia Gravis

Mario Costantini, MDDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Chirur

gica III, University of Padova School of Medicine, PadovaItalyESOPHAGEAL: Function Tests


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Contributorsxiv

Anita P. Courcoulas, MD, MPHChief, Minimally Invasive Bariatric and General Surgery,

Associate Professor of Surgery, University of PittsburghSchool of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh MedicalCenter, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaESOPHAGEAL: Reflux in the Morbidly Obese

Thomas A. D’Amico, MDProfessor of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Duke

University Medical Center, Durham, North CarolinaTHORACIC: Diagnosis and Staging of Lung Cancer

Gail Darling, MD, FRCSC Associate Professor and Residency Program Director, Depart-

ment of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Universityof Toronto; Consultant, Thoracic Surgery, Department ofSurgical Oncology, Toronto General Hospital and PrincessMargaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto,Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Bacterial Infections of the Lung

Philippe Dartevelle, MDProfessor of Thoracic Surgery, University Paris-Sud, Paris;Chairman, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgeryand Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hospital Marie-Lannelongue, Les Plessis Robinson, FranceTHORACIC: Carinal Resection

Alberto de Hoyos, MDDirector, Center for Robotic and Minimally Invasive Thoracic

Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiotho-racic Surgery; Assistant Professor of Surgery, FeinbergSchool of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital,Chicago, IllinoisTHORACIC: Principles of Airway Surgery: Management of

Acute Airway Obstruction

Marc de Perrot, MD, MScDepartment of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto

General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Carinal Resection

Charl J. De Wet, MBChB Associate Professor, Departments of Anesthesiology and

Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine;Medical Director, Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit,Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Critical Care of the Thoracic Surgical Patient

Anne Debeer, MDDepartment of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg,


matic Hernia

Malcolm M. DeCamp, Jr., MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School;

Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Dea-coness Medical Center, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Role of Lung Biopsy in Interstitial Lung Disease

Farrokh Dehdashti, MDProfessor, Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear

Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis,MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Nuclear Imaging

Steven R. DeMeester, MD Associate Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of

Southern California; Chief, Section of Foregut and Tho-racic Surgery, Los Angeles County/University of SouthernCalifornia Medical Center, Los Angeles, CaliforniaESOPHAGEAL: Colon Interposition

Tom R. DeMeester, MDJeffrey P. Smith Professor of General and Thoracic Surgery;

Chairman, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medi-cine, University of Southern California; Chief of Surgery,Department of Surgery, University of Southern CaliforniaUniversity Hospital, Los Angeles, CaliforniaESOPHAGEAL: Function Tests

Jan Deprest, MDObstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuis-berg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag-

matic Hernia

Claude Deschamps, MDProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic

College of Medicine, Rochester, MinnesotaTHORACIC: Fibrothorax and Decortication

Jean Deslauriers, MD, FRCSCProfessor, Department of Surgery, Laval University Faculty

of Medicine; Chief, Thoracic Surgery Division, Center of

Pulmonology, Laval Hospital, Quebec City, Quebec,CanadaTHORACIC: Tuberculosis and Atypical Mycobacterial Dis-

eases; Bronchoplasty; Anatomy and Physiology of thePleural Space; Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions;Thoracoplasty; Fibrothorax and Decortication; Anatomy and Physiology of the Chest Wall and Sternum With Surgi-cal Implications; Congenital Diaphragmatic Malformations

Frank C. Detterbeck, MDProfessor and Chief, Thoracic Surgery; Associate Director,

Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine,New Haven, ConnecticutTHORACIC: Thymic Tumors: A Review of Current Diagnosis,

Classification, and Treatment

Ismael A. Conti Díaz, MDFormer Professor and Chairman, Department of Parasitology

and Mycology, School of Medicine, University of theRepublic, Montevideo, UruguayTHORACIC: Rare Infections of the Pleural Space


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Contributors

Elise Doné, MDObstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuis-

berg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag-

matic Hernia

Daniel P. Doody, MDSurgery Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,

MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Congenital Anomalies

Gregory P. Downey, MD, FRCPC Vice Chair, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto,

Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Bacterial Infections of the Lung

Robert J. Downey, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tho-

racic Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,New York, New YorkTHORACIC: Rare Primary Malignant Neoplasms of the

Lung

Christopher T. Ducko, MDInstructor in Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard

Medical School; Associate Surgeon, Division of ThoracicSurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston,MassachusettsTHORACIC: Pleural Tumors

John A. Dumot, DO Vice Chairman, Clinical Practice, Gastroenterology and Hep-

atology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Flexible Endoscopy

Brian W. Duncan, MDStaff, Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, ClevelandClinic, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Vascular Tracheoesophageal Compression:


André Duranceau, MD, FRCSCProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of

Thoracic Surgery, Esophageal Surgery Section, Universityof Montreal; Thoracic Surgeon, Centre Hospitalier del’Université de Montreal, Division of Thoracic Surgery,Montreal, Quebec, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Physiology of the Esophagus and Classifica-

tion of Esophageal Motor Abnormalities; Pharyngeal andCricopharyngeal Disorders

Steven A. Edmundowicz, MDProfessor of Medicine, Washington University; Chief of

Endoscopy, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Endoscopic Management of Reflux

David M. Einstein, MDStaff, Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland

OhioESOPHAGEAL: Radiology, Computed Tomography, and

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

F. Henry Ellis, Jr., MD, PhDClinical Professor of Surgery Emeritus, Harvard Medica

School; Chief Emeritus, Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryNew England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MassachusettESOPHAGEAL: Open Nissen Fundoplication

Elie Fadel, MDProfessor of Thoracic Surgery, University Paris-Sud, Paris

Thoracic Surgeon, Department of Thoracic and VasculaSurgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hospital MarieLannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, FranceTHORACIC: Carinal Resection

Stanley C. Fell, MDProfessor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein Colleg

of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Chief Emeritus, Divisionof Cardiothoracic Surgery, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Gastric Tubes: Reversed and Nonreversed

Esophageal PerforationTHORACIC: History and Development of General Thoracic

Surgery; Segmental Resection

Timothy S. Fenske, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Medicine, Neoplastic Diseases and

Related Disorders, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WisconsinTHORACIC: Lymphoma of the Mediastinum

Mark K. Ferguson, MDProfessor, Department of Surgery, University of ChicagoHead, Thoracic Surgery Service, University of ChicagoMedical Center, Chicago, IllinoisTHORACIC: Preoperative Assessment of the Thoracic Surgi

cal Patient

Felix G. Fernandez, MDDepartment of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Washington University School of Medicine, St. LouisMissouriTHORACIC: Extended Pulmonary Resections

Hiran C. Fernando, MD, FRCS Associate Professor, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Boston Univer

sity; Director, Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery, BostonMedical Center, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Alternatives to Surgical Resection for Non–Sma

Cell Lung Cancer


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Contributorsxvi

Pasquale Ferraro, MD, FRCSC Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Tho-

racic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, University ofMontreal; Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, CentreHospitalier de l’Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec,CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Pharyngeal and Cricopharyngeal Disorders

Lorenzo E. Ferri, MD, FRCSC Assistant Professor of Surgery, McGill University; Thoracic

and Esophageal Surgeon, McGill University Health Centre,Montreal, Quebec, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Reconstruction After Pharyngolaryngec-

tomy

Peter F. Ferson, MDProfessor of Surgery, Heart, Lung, and Esophageal Surgery

Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pitts-burgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Late Sequelae of Thoracic Injury

Jonathan F. Finks, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of GeneralSurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MichiganESOPHAGEAL: Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication

Richard J. Finley, MDProfessor and Head, Division of Thoracic Surgery,

Depart-ment of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancou- ver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia,CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Rings and Webs; Surgical Approaches for

Primary Motor Disorders of the Esophagus

Raja M. Flores, MD Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department

of Surgery, Cornell University Medical College; Assistant Attending Surgeon, Thoracic Surgery Service, Departmentof Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NewYork, New YorkTHORACIC: Robotic-Assisted Video-Assisted Thoracic

Surgery Lobectomy

Alexander A. Fokin, MD, PhD Associate Director and Director of Surgical Research, Heine-

man Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Car-diovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Carolinas MedicalCenter, Charlotte, North CarolinaTHORACIC: Complications of Midline Sternotomy; Complica-

tions of Pectus Deformity Repair

Dalilah Fortin, MD, FRCSC Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery,

University of Western Ontario, London Health SciencesCentre, Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: The Thoracic Duct and Chylothorax

Éric Fréchette, MDClinical Teacher of Surgery, Laval University; Staff Surgeon,

Thoracic Surgery, Laval Hospital, Quebec City, Quebec,CanadaTHORACIC: Congenital Diaphragmatic Malformations

Henning A. Gaissert, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School;

Associate Visiting Surgeon, Division of Thoracic Surgery,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Primary Tumors of the Trachea; Tracheostomy

Ziv Gamliel, MD, MScChief, Thoracic Surgery, St. Joseph Medical Center, Towson,

MarylandESOPHAGEAL: Induction and Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer

of the Esophagus

Sanjiv K. Gandhi, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery,

Washington University; Associate Professor of Surgery,Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Cardiotho-racic Surgery, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis,MissouriTHORACIC: Pediatric Mediastinal Tumors

Mario C. Ghefter, MDDirector, General Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Do Servidor

Publico Estadual, Sao Paulo, BrazilTHORACIC: Penetrating Thoracic Trauma

David S. Gierada, MD Associate Professor, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology,

Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis,Missouri

THORACIC:Pleura Imaging; Chest Wall and Sternum Imaging;Imaging of the Diaphragm

Sebastien Gilbert, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Heart, Lung, and Esophageal

Surgery Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Late Sequelae of Thoracic Injury

Allan M. Goldstein, MDSurgery Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,

MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Congenital Anomalies

Ramaswamy Govindan, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Wash-

ington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Induction and Adjuvant Therapy for Operable

Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer


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Contributors

Geoffrey M. Graeber, MDProfessor of Surgery, Section of Thoracic and Cardiovascular

Surgery; Chief, General Thoracic Surgery Service, Depart-ment of Surgery, West Virginia School of Medicine, Mor-gantown, West VirginiaTHORACIC: Neoplasms of the Chest Wall; Chest Wall and

Sternum Resection and Reconstruction

Jocelyn Grégoire, MDClinical Instructor and Professor, Department of Surgery,Laval University School of Medicine; Thoracic Surgeonand Consultant, Center of Pneumology, Laval Hospital,Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaTHORACIC: Bronchoplasty; Thoracoplasty

Noreen Griffin, CNP Certified Nurse Practitioner, Thoracic Surgery, Metrohealth

Medical Center, Cleveland, OhioTHORACIC: Late Postoperative Complications

Hermes C. Grillo, MD†Former Thoracic Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital,

Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Idiopathic Laryngotracheal Stenosis

Dominique Grunenwald, MDDirector, Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Tenon, Paris, FranceTHORACIC: Surgical Resection of Pulmonary Metastases

Leonardo Gucciardo, MDObstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuis-


matic Hernia

Patrick J. Gullane, MD, FRCSCProfessor and Chair, Department of Otolaryngology–Headand Neck Surgery, University of Toronto; Otolaryngologist-in-Chief and Wharton Chair, Head and Neck Surgery, Uni- versity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Laryngoscopy

Jeffrey A. Hagen, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine,

University of Southern California, Los Angeles,CaliforniaESOPHAGEAL: En-Bloc Resection of the Esophagus

Bruce Lee Hall, MD, PhD, MBA Associate Professor of Surgery and Assistant Professor of

Business Administration, Washington University; Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Mediastinal Thyroid Tumors; Mediastinal Para-

thyroid Tumors

Charles Hantler, MDProfessor, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington Uni

versity School of Medicine, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Anesthesia for Airway Surgery

David H. Harpole, Jr., MD Vice Chair, Faculty Affairs, Department of Surgery, Divisio

of Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North CarolinaTHORACIC: Bronchial Gland Tumors

Karen Harrison-Phipps, MDFellow, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic

Rochester, MinnesotaTHORACIC: Mediastinal Cysts and Duplications in Adults

Bruce H. Haughey, MBChB, MS, FRACSKimbrough Professor of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck

Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; Director, Division of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery

Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Free Vascularized Grafts in EsophageaReconstruction

Karin Haustermans, MD, PhDProfessor, Radiation Oncology, Catholic University Leuven

Clinical Head, Department of Radiation Oncology, LeuvenCancer Institute, Leuven, BelgiumESOPHAGEAL: Principles of Radiotherapy

Stephen R. Hazelrigg, MDProfessor and Chairman, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University Schooof Medicine, Springfield, Illinois

THORACIC: Thoracoscopy

Claudia I. Henschke, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiology in Cardiothoracic Surgery, Depart

ment of Radiology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, NewYork, New YorkTHORACIC: Early Detection and Screening of Lung Cancer

Margaret S. Herridge, MD, MPH Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Division o

Respirology, Interdepartmental Division of Critical CarMedicine, University of Toronto; Consultant, Respiratorand Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Bacterial Infections of the Lung

Clement A. Hiebert, MDClinical Professor of Surgery, University of Vermont Colleg

of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; Chairman EmeritusDepartment of Surgery, Maine Medical Center, PortlandMaineESOPHAGEAL: Selection and Placement of Conduits

†Deceased.


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Contributorsxviii

Lauren Holinger, MDProfessor of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, North-

western University Feinberg School of Medicine; Head,Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Memorial Hospital,Chicago, IllinoisTHORACIC: Congenital Anomalies: Vascular Rings

Arnulf H. Hölscher, MDChairman, Department of Visceral and Vascular Surgery,

University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyESOPHAGEAL: Adenocarcinoma of the Cardia

Susan J. Hoover, MDDirector, Breast Diagnostic Center, Lifetime Cancer Screen-

ing Center; Medical Director of Diversity Affairs; and Assistant Professor of Surgery, Comprehensive BreastProgram, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Univer-sity of South Florida, Tampa, FloridaTHORACIC: Chronic Mediastinitis

Jasmine Huang, MDResident, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Universityof Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IowaESOPHAGEAL: Hill Repair

Charles B. Huddleston, MDProfessor of Surgery and Chief, Pediatric Cardiothoracic

Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC:Congenital Abnormalities of the Lung; Chest Wall

Deformities

John G. Hunter, MDMackenzie Professor and Chairman, Surgery Department,

Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OregonESOPHAGEAL: Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication

Mark D. Iannettoni, MDHead, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of

Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IowaTHORACIC: Acute Necrotizing Mediastinitis

David H. Ilson, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Weill-Cornell Medical College; Associate

Attending Physician and Associate Member, MemorialSloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New YorkESOPHAGEAL: Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy as Primary

Treatment of Esophageal Cancer

Richard I. Inculet, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery,

Schulich School of Medicine; Chair, Division of ThoracicSurgery, London Health Sciences Center, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: The Thoracic Duct and Chylothorax

Kashif Irshad, MD Attending Surgeon, Division of Thoracic Surgery, William

Osler Health Centre, Etobicoke, Ontario, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Evaluation and Surgical Treatment of Hiatal

Hernias and Gastroesophageal Reflux; Caustic Injuries tothe Esophagus

Eric Jacobsohn, MBChB, MHPE, FRCPCProfessor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesia, Univer-

sity of Manitoba; Medical Director, Winnipeg RegionalHealth Authority Anesthesia Program, Winnipeg, Mani-toba, CanadaTHORACIC: Critical Care of the Thoracic Surgical Patient

Jacques Jani, MDObstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuis-


matic Hernia

Cylen Javidan-Nejad, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Division of

Diagnostic Radiology, Section of Cardiopulmonary Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis,MissouriTHORACIC: Imaging of the Upper Airway

David R. Jones, MDProfessor of Surgery; Division Chief, Thoracic and Cardiovas-

cular Surgery; Chief, General Thoracic Surgery, Universityof Virginia, Charlottesville, VirginiaTHORACIC: Biology and Epidemiology of Lung Cancer;

Neoplasms of the Chest Wall

William G. Jones, II, MD

Attending Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Doctor’s Hospital; TexasCardiothoracic Surgery Associates, Dallas, TexasTHORACIC: Pericardial Disease

Gregory Jurkovich, MDProfessor of Surgery, University of Washington; Chief of

Trauma, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WashingtonTHORACIC: Management of Blunt Chest and Diaphragmatic

Injuries

Larry R. Kaiser, MDThe John Rhea Barton Professor and Chairman, Department

of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine;

Surgeon-in-Chief, University of Pennsylvania HealthSystem, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Benign Lung Tumors; Surgery of Pectus Defor-

mities; Surgery for Myasthenia Gravis

Riyad Karmy-Jones, MD, FRCSCMedical Director, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Southwest

Washington Medical Center, Vancouver, WashingtonTHORACIC: Tracheobronchial Trauma; Management of Blunt

Chest and Diaphragmatic Injuries


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Contributors

Steven M. Keller, MDProfessor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein College

of Medicine; Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Monte-fiore Medical Center, Bronx, New YorkTHORACIC: Mediastinal Lymph Node Dissection

Michael S. Kent, MDInstructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Attending

Surgeon, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deacon-ess Medical Center, Boston, MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Caustic Injuries to the EsophagusTHORACIC: Interventional Bronchoscopy for the Manage-

ment of Airway Obstruction

Shaf Keshavjee, MD, MSc, FRCSCProfessor of Surgery, University of Toronto; Chair, Division

of Thoracic Surgery; Director, Toronto Lung TransplantProgram; Director, Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratory,Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Reconstruction After Pharyngolaryngec-

tomy THORACIC: Upper Airway Tumors: Secondary Tumors

Kenneth A. Kesler, MDProfessor of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine,

Thoracic Surgery Division, Department of CardiothoracicSurgery, Indianapolis, IndianaTHORACIC: Germ Cell Tumors of the Mediastinum

Walter Klepetko, MDProfessor of Special Thoracic Surgery and Director, Vienna

Lung Transplant Program, Department of CardiothoracicSurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaTHORACIC: Bronchiectasis; Evaluation and Management of

Elevated Diaphragm

Anastasios Konstantakos, MD Associate Surgeon, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery,

Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Harvard University, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Last Postoperative Complications

Robert J. Korst, MDMedical Director, Daniel and Gloria Blumenthal Cancer

Center and Director, Thoracic Surgery, Valley HealthSystem, Paramus, New JerseyTHORACIC: Early Detection and Screening of Lung Cancer

Benjamin D. Kozower, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, General Thoracic Surgery,

Department of Surgery, University of Virginia HealthSystem, Charlottesville, VirginiaTHORACIC: Surgical Management of Non–Small Cell Lung

Cancer; Anterior Approach to Superior Sulcus Tumors

Paul Krakovitz, MDStaff, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland,

OhioESOPHAGEAL: Vascular Tracheoesophageal Compression:


Mark J. Krasna, MDMedical Director, Cancer Institute, St. Joseph Medica

Center, Towson, MarylandESOPHAGEAL: Induction and Adjuvant Therapy for Cance

of the EsophagusTHORACIC: Dorsal Sympathectomy for Hyperhidrosis

Daniel Kreisel, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Surgery and of Pathology and Immu

nology, Washington University School of Medicine, StLouis, MissouriTHORACIC: Lung Transplantation

Priya D. Krishna, MD Assistant Professor, Division of Laryngology, Department o

Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Management of Vocal Fold Paralysis

Alexander S. Krupnick, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Divi

sion of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, StLouis, MissouriTHORACIC: Lung Transplantation; Surgery of the Phrenic

Nerve

John C. Kucharczuk, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery

Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Schooof Medicine, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Surgery of Pectus Deformities; Transcervica

Thymectomy for Nonthymomatous Myasthenia Gravis

King F. Kwong, MDInvestigator, Thoracic Oncology Section, Center for Cance

Research, National Institutes of Health/National CanceInstitute, Bethesda, MarylandTHORACIC: Dorsal Sympathectomy for Hyperhidrosis

Rodney J. Landreneau, MDProfessor of Surgery and Director, Comprehensive Lun

Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Shadyside; Heart, Lung, and Esophageal Surgery Institute, Uni versity of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PittsburghPennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Role of Sublobar Resection (Segmentectomy

and Wedge Resection) in the Surgical Management oNon–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Florian Lang, MD Associate Professor, University of Lausanne; Faculty of Medi

cine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and NeckSurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, SwitzerlandESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in AdultsTHORACIC: Subglottic Resection: Infants and Children

Laryngeal Trauma


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Contributorsxx

Jacob C. Langer, MDProfessor of Surgery, University of Toronto and Chief, Divi-

sion of Pediatric General Surgery, Hospital for Sick Chil-dren, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Mediastinal Cysts and Duplications in Infants

and Children

Humberto Lara-Guerra, MDResearch Fellow, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of

Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Principles of Postoperative Care

Didier Lardinois, MDChief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital,

Basel, SwitzerlandTHORACIC: Diagnostic Strategies in the Mediastinal Mass

Simon Law, MS, MBBChir, FRCSEd Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong

Medical Centre; Honorary Consultant, Queen Mary Hos-pital, Hong Kong, ChinaESOPHAGEAL: Surgical Management of Squamous Cell

Carcinoma

Stephen S. Lefrak, MDProfessor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical

Care, Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Medical Management of Chronic Obstructive

Pulmonary Disease

Natasha B. Leighl, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, University of

Toronto; Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital,Toronto, Ontario, Canada

THORACIC: Small Cell Lung Cancer

Francesco Leo, MDSurgeon, Department of Thoracic Surgery, European Insti-

tute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTHORACIC: Plication of the Diaphragm

Antoon (Toni) E. M. R. Lerut, MD, PhDProfessor of Surgery, Catholic University Leuven; Chairman,

Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Gas-thuisberg, Leuven, BelgiumESOPHAGEAL: Belsey Mark IV Repair; Surgical Therapy for

the Columnar-Lined Esophagus: Barrett’s Carcinoma;Three-Field Lymph Node Dissection for Cancer of the

Esophagus; Esophageal DiverticulaTHORACIC: History and Development of General Thoracic

Surgery; Mediastinoscopy; Prenatal Intervention for Con- genital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Dorothea Liebermann-Meffert, MDProfessor of General and Visceral Surgery, University of

Munich; Department of Surgery, Surgical Clinic and Poly-clinic, Technical University, Munich, GermanyESOPHAGEAL: Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Embryology,

and Histology

Philip A. Linden, MD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School; Staff Surgeon,

Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Esophagectomy Via Right Thoracotomy

Virginia R. Litle, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic

Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New

YorkESOPHAGEAL: Palliation of Esophageal Cancer

Sherard Little, MDFellow, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Open Reoperative Antireflux Surgery

Mirjam Locadia, PhDDepartment of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical

Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, TheNetherlandsESOPHAGEAL: Quality of Life in Esophageal Cancer

Patients

Luis C. Losso, MD, PhDProfessor of Surgery, General Thoracic Surgery Department,

ABC Foundation, School of Medicine; Head, General Tho-racic Surgery and Respiratory Diseases Department,Edmundo Vasconcelos Hospital, Sao Paulo, BrazilTHORACIC: Penetrating Thoracic Trauma

Brian E. Louie, MD, MPH, FRCSCDirector, Education, Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery,

Swedish Medical Center and Cancer Institute, Seattle, WashingtonESOPHAGEAL: Colon InterpositionTHORACIC: Diagnostic Procedures for Pleural Diseases

Donald E. Low, MD Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington

ESOPHAGEAL: Hill Repair

James D. Luketich, MDHenry T. Bahnson Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery,

Department of Surgery; Director, Heart, Lung, and Esoph-ageal Surgery Institute; Chief, Division of Thoracic andForegut Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medi-cine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaESOPHAGEAL: History and Development of Esophageal

Surgery; Evaluation and Surgical Treatment of Hiatal Hernias and Gastroesophageal Reflux; Open Toupet and Dor Partial

Fundoplications; Laparoscopic Gastroplasty; LaparoscopicTechniques in Reoperation for Failed Antireflux Repairs;Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy; Esophageal Diverticula;Caustic Injuries to the Esophagus

THORACIC: Interventional Bronchoscopy for the Manage- ment of Airway Obstruction

Lars Lundell, MD, PhDProfessor, Department of Surgery, Karolinska University

Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenESOPHAGEAL: Quality of Life After Antireflux Surgery


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Contributors

Barbara A. Lutey, MDFellow, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,

Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis,MissouriTHORACIC: Medical Management of Chronic Obstructive

Pulmonary Disease

Paolo Macchiarini, MD, PhDProfessor of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of

Surgery, University of Barcelona Faculty of Medicine;Senior Consultant and Chief of Service, General ThoracicSurgery Service, Institut Clinic del Tòrax, Hospital Clinic,Barcelona, SpainTHORACIC: Superior Vena Cava Obstruction

Susan E. Mackinnon, MD, FRCSCSydney M. Jr. and Robert H. Shoenberg Professor of Surgery

and Chief, Division of Plastic Surgery, Washington Univer-sity School of Medicine, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Thoracic Outlet Syndromes; Supraclavicular

Approach for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome; Surgery of thePhrenic Nerve

Michael A. Maddaus, MD, MScProfessor and Vice Chair of Education; Chief, Division of

Thoracic and Foregut Surgery; Program Director, GeneralSurgery; Garamella Lynch Jensen Chair in Thoracic Car-diovascular Surgery; Co-Director, University of MinnesotaMedical School; Thoracic Surgeon, Fairview UniversityMedical Center, Minneapolis, MinnesotaESOPHAGEAL: Peptic Esophagitis, Peptic Stricture, and

Short Esophagus; Laparoscopic Gastroplasty THORACIC: Postintubation Injury; Tracheomalacia; Subglot-

tic Resection: Adults

Richard A. Malthaner, MD, MSc Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Biostatistics, andEpidemiology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, SchulichSchool of Medicine, University of Western Ontario; Tho-racic Surgeon and Director of Thoracic Surgery Research,Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre,London, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: The Thoracic Duct and Chylothorax

David P. Mason, MDStaff Surgeon, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular

Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Open Reoperative Antireflux Surgery THORACIC: Lobectomy

Douglas J. Mathisen, MDHermes Grillo Professor of Thoracic Surgery, Harvard

Medical School; Chief, General Thoracic Surgery, Massa-chusetts General Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Primary Tumors of the Trachea; Tracheal

Resection

Sandro Mattioli, MD Associate Professor, Alma Mater Studiorum University o

Bologna; Chairman, Division of Esophageal and PulmonarySurgery, Department of Surgery, Intensive Care, and OrganTransplantation, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyESOPHAGEAL: Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux

Disease and Hiatal Hernia; Open Toupet and Dor PartiaFundoplications

Constantine Mavroudis, MDProfessor of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinber

School of Medicine; Willis J. Potts Professor of SurgeryDivision of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery; Surgeon-inChief, Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IllinoisTHORACIC: Congenital Anomalies: Vascular Rings

Donna E. Maziak, MDCM, MSc, FRCSC Associate Professor, University of Ottawa; Program Directo

and Director of Research, Division of Thoracic SurgeryOttawa Hospital–General Campus, Ottawa, OntarioCanadaESOPHAGEAL:

Massive (Paraesophageal) Hiatal HerniaPaul Mazur, MDChief Resident, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Uni

versity of Southern California, Los Angeles, CaliforniaTHORACIC: Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Theresa McLoud, MDProfessor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; Associate

Radiologist in Chief, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Imaging the Lungs

Karen M. McRae, MDDepartment of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Division o

Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, UniversitHealth Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioCanadaTHORACIC: Anesthesia for General Thoracic Surgery

Reza John Mehran, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Department of Thoracic and

Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD AndersonCancer Center, Houston, TexasTHORACIC: Tuberculosis and Atypical Mycobacterial Dis

eases; Anatomy and Physiology of the Pleural Space

Tarek Mekhail, MD, MSc, FRCSI, FRCSEd Director, Lung Cancer Medical Oncology Program, Cleve

land Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OhioTHORACIC: Definitive Management of Inoperable Non–Sma

Cell Lung Cancer

Robert E. Merritt, MDClinical Fellow in Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Chie

Resident, Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Tracheal Resection


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Contributorsxxii

Bryan F. Meyers, MDProfessor of Surgery and Chief, Section of General Thoracic

Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine;Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Complications of Surgery for Gastroesopha-

geal Reflux THORACIC: Mediastinoscopy; Lung Volume Reduction

Surgery; Surgery for Bullous Disease

Shari L. Meyerson, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery and Program Director, Tho-

racic Surgery, University of Arizona, University MedicalCenter, Tucson, ArizonaTHORACIC: Bronchial Gland Tumors

Daniel L. Miller, MDChief, General Thoracic Surgery, Emory University Health-

care; Kamal A. Mansour Professor of Surgery, Emory Uni- versity School of Medicine, Atlanta, GeorgiaTHORACIC: Empyema and Bronchopleural Fistula

Joseph I. Miller, Jr., MDProfessor of Surgery, Emory Clinic; Chief, General Thoracic

Surgery, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GeorgiaTHORACIC: Anatomy and Physiology of the Chest Wall and

Sternum With Surgical Implications

Tommaso C. Mineo, MDCattedra di Chirurgia Toracica, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome,

ItalyTHORACIC: Surgical Approaches to the Diaphragm

Bruce D. Minsky, MD Associate Dean and Chief Quality Officer, Professor of Radi-

ation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medical

Center, Chicago, IllinoisESOPHAGEAL: Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy as Primary

Treatment of Esophageal Cancer

Jeffrey Moley, MDProfessor of Surgery; Chief, Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery;

Associate Director, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Wash-ington University, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Mediastinal Thyroid Tumors; Mediastinal Para-

thyroid Tumors

Philippe Monnier, MDProfessor, University of Lausanne Faculty of Medicine; Head,

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck

Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Laus-anne, SwitzerlandESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in AdultsTHORACIC: Subglottic Resection: Infants and Children;

Laryngeal Trauma

Rachel MontanoResearch Director, Department of Cardiovascular and Tho-

racic Surgical Research, Baylor University Medical Center,Dallas, TexasTHORACIC: Chronic Mediastinitis

Andre L. Moreira, MD, PhD Assistant Attending, Department of Pathology, Thoracic and

Cytology Services, Memorial Sloan-Kettering CancerCenter, New York, New YorkTHORACIC: Rare Primary Malignant Neoplasms of the

Lung

Christopher R. Morse, MDInstructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Division of

Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Laparoscopic Techniques in Reoperation for

Failed Antireflux Repairs

Jérôme Mouroux, MDProfessor, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of

Nice, Faculty of Medicine; Chief, Department of ThoracicSurgery, Pasteur Hospital of Nice, Nice, FranceTHORACIC: Plication of the Diaphragm

Nestor L. Müller, MD, PhD, FRCPCProfessor and Chairman, Department of Radiology, Univer-

sity of British Columbia; Head and Medical Director,Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaTHORACIC: Imaging of the Mediastinum

Michael Mulligan, MDSurgeon, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle,

WashingtonTHORACIC: Surgical Management of Chronic Pulmonary

Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Sudish C. Murthy, MD, PhDStaff Surgeon and Surgical Director, Center for Major Airway

Disease, Department of Thoracic and CardiovascularSurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Left Thoracoabdominal Esophagectomy;

Secondary Esophageal Motor DisordersTHORACIC: Thoracic Incisions

Keith Naunheim, MD Vallee and Melba Willman Professor of Surgery and Chief of

Thoracic Surgery, St. Louis University School of Medicine,St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Thoracoscopic Mediastinal Surgery

Bill Nelems, MDEmeritus Professor, Department of Surgery, University of

British Columbia, Vancouver; Thoracic Surgeon, BritishColumbia Provincial Thoracic Surgery Programme,Kelowna, British Columbia, CanadaTHORACIC: Thoracic Surgery: A Palliative Care Specialty


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Contributors

Calvin S. H. Ng, MBBS, MRCSE Senior Resident, Department of Surgery, Chinese University

of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaTHORACIC: Thoracoscopic Thymectomy for Myasthenia

Gravis

Ninh T. Nguyen, MD Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, University of

California–Irvine, Medical Center, Orange, CaliforniaESOPHAGEAL: Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy

Francis C. Nichols, III, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery and Consultant, Division of

General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,MinnesotaTHORACIC: Mediastinal Cysts and Duplications in Adults

Christine B. Novak, PT, MSResearch Associate, Wharton Head and Neck Centre, Uni-

versity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Laryngoscopy; Thoracic Outlet Syndromes

Michael J. Odell, MD Assistant Professor and Director of Head and Neck Oncology,

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery,St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis,MissouriTHORACIC: Laryngoscopy

Jean-Baptiste Ollyo, MDDepartment of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Univer-

sitaire, Lausanne, SwitzerlandESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in Adults

Mark W. Onaitis, MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of CardiothoracicSurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NorthCarolinaTHORACIC: Diagnosis and Staging of Lung Cancer

Raymond P. Onders, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Case Western Reserve Uni-

versity School of Medicine; Director of Minimally InvasiveSurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleve-land, OhioTHORACIC: Phrenic Nerve and Diaphragm Motor Point

Pacing

Sharon Ong, MD, FRCSResident, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of

British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Rings and Webs

Mark B. Orringer, MDProfessor and Head, Section of General Thoracic Surgery

University of Michigan Medical School, Ann ArborMichiganESOPHAGEAL: Esophagectomy for Benign Disease; Tran

shiatal Esophagectomy

Denise Ouellette, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Uni

versity of Montreal; Division of Thoracic Surgery, HospitaMaisonneuve–Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaTHORACIC: Spontaneous Pneumothorax and

Pneumomediastinum

Peter C. Pairolero, MDProfessor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MinnesotaTHORACIC: Neoplasms of the Chest Wall

Blake C. Papsin, MDDirector, Cochlear Implant Program, Department of Otolar

yngology, Hospital for Sick Children; Associate ScientistNeurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute Associate Professor, Otolaryngology, University of TorontoToronto, Ontario, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in Infants and

Children

Bernard J. Park, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery

Cornell University Medical College; Assistant AttendinSurgeon, Thoracic Surgery Service, Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NewYorkTHORACIC: Robotic-Assisted Video-Assisted Thoracic

Surgery Lobectomy

Alden M. Parsons, MDCardiothoracic Resident, Department of Surgery, Universit

of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North CarolinaTHORACIC: Thymic Tumors: A Review of Current Diagnosis

Classification, and Treatment

David A. Partrick, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Colorado Health

Sciences Center; Director of Surgical Endoscopy foInfants and Children, Children’s Hospital, DenverColoradoESOPHAGEAL: Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants and

Children

Philippe Pasche, MD Associate Professor, University of Lausanne Faculty of Medi

cine; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and NeckSurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, SwitzerlandESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in AdultsTHORACIC: Laryngeal Trauma


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Contributorsxxiv

Ugo Pastorino, MDDirector, Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan,

ItalyTHORACIC: Surgical Resection of Pulmonary Metastases

Amit N. Patel, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Thoracic

Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical School; Director

of Clinical Cardiac Cellular Therapy, McGowan Instituteof Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Transaxillary First Rib Resection for Thoracic

Outlet Syndrome (With Dorsal Sympathectomy); Reopera-tion for Recurrent Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Through thePosterior Thoracoplasty Approach With Dorsal Sympathec-tomy; Chronic Mediastinitis

G. Alexander Patterson, MD, FRCSCEvarts A. Graham Professor of Surgery and Chief, Division

of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University Schoolof Medicine, St. Louis, MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Complications of Esophageal ResectionTHORACIC: Principals of Airway Surgery: Management of

Acute Airway Obstruction; Lung Transplantation; SurgicalManagement of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer; Anterior Approach to Superior Sulcus Tumors; Extended PulmonaryResections; Thoracic Outlet Syndromes; Supraclavicular Approach for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

F. Griffith Pearson, MDProfessor, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of

Surgery, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; SeniorSurgeon, Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Toronto GeneralHospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Massive (Paraesophageal) Hiatal Hernia;

Open Gastroplasty

THORACIC: History and Development of General ThoracicSurgery; Postintubation Injury; Tracheomalacia; SubglotticResection: Adults

Andrew B. Peitzman, MDProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of

Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Late Sequelae of Thoracic Injury

Arjun Pennathur, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Heart, Lung, and Esophageal

Surgery Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaESOPHAGEAL: Evaluation and Surgical Treatment of Hiatal

Hernias and Gastroesophageal Reflux; Laparoscopic Tech- niques in Reoperation for Failed Antireflux Repairs

Manuel Pera, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Surgery, Univeritat Autònoma de Bar-

celona; Head, Section of Gastrointestinal Surgery, HospitalUniversitario del Mar, Barcelona, SpainESOPHAGEAL: Columnar-Lined Esophagus: Epidemiology

and Pathophysiology

Alberto Peracchia, MDEmeritus Professor of Surgery, University of Milan, Milan;

Senior Consultant, General and Minimally Invasive Surgery,Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, ItalyESOPHAGEAL: Total Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y

Reconstruction

Sérgio Tadeu L. F. Pereira, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Escola Bahiana

de Medicina e Saúde Pública; Head, Department ofGeneral Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Santa Izabel da SantaCasa de Misericórdia da Bahia, Salvadore, Bahia, BrazilTHORACIC: Tuberculous Pleural Disease

Jeffrey H. Peters, MDProfessor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, University

of Rochester, Rochester, New YorkESOPHAGEAL: Clinical Features of Esophageal Disease

Brian Pettiford, MDClinical Assistant Professor of Surgery, Heart, Lung, and

Esophageal Surgery Institute, University of PittsburghMedical Center, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Role of Sublobar Resection (Segmentectomy

and Wedge Resection) in the Surgical Management ofNon–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Kacy Phillips, MDFormerly of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TexasTHORACIC: Posterior Approach to Superior Sulcus Tumors

Andrew F. Pierre, MD, MSc Assistant Professor, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University

of Toronto; Staff Surgeon, Toronto General Hospital,Toronto, Ontario, Canada

ESOPHAGEAL: Benign Esophageal TumorsTHORACIC: Bronchoscopy

Eugenio Pompeo, MDThoracic Surgery Division, Tor Vergata University School of

Medicine, Rome, ItalyTHORACIC: Surgical Approaches to the Diaphragm

Daniel Pop, MDSurgeon, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pasteur Hospital

of Nice, Nice, FranceTHORACIC: Plication of the Diaphragm

Vitaliy Poylin, MDSenior Resident, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deacon-

ess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston,MassachusettsTHORACIC: Role of Lung Biopsy in Interstitial Lung Disease

Evan J. Propst, MDDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The

Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in Infants and

Children


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Contributors

Joe B. Putnam, Jr., MDIngram Professor of Surgery and Chairman, Department of

Thoracic Surgery; Professor, Department of BiomedicalInformatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nash- ville, TennesseeTHORACIC: Postresection Follow-Up for Non–Small Cell

Lung Cancer

Mohammed A. Qadeer, MDFellow, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Motility Disorders

Ganesh Raghu, MDProfessor of Medicine and Adjunct Professor, Laboratory

Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medi-cine; Chief, Chest Clinic, University of Washington Medi-cal Center; Director, Interstitial Lung Disease, Sarcoidand Pulmonary Fibrosis Program; Medical Director, LungTransplant Program, University of Washington MedicalCenter, Seattle, WashingtonTHORACIC:

Interstitial Lung Disease

Maissa Rayyan, MDDepartment of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg,


matic Hernia

Linda M. Razzuk Research Coordinator, Department of Cardiovascular and

Thoracic Surgical Research, Baylor University, Dallas,TexasTHORACIC: Chronic Mediastinitis

Maruf A. Razzuk, MD†

Former Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University ofTexas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TexasTHORACIC: Chronic Mediastinitis

Erino A. Rendina, MDProfessor and Chief of Thoracic Surgery, University La Sapi-

enza; Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, OspedaleSant’Andrea, Rome, ItalyTHORACIC: Emerging Surgical Technologies for Emphy-

sema; Reconstruction of the Pulmonary Artery; Diaphragm: Anatomy, Embryology, Pathophysiology

Thomas W. Rice, MDDaniel and Karen Lee Chair in Thoracic Surgery; Head,

Section of General Thoracic Surgery; Professor of Surgery,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, ClevelandClinic, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Endoscopic Ultrasonography; Dilation of

Peptic Esophageal Strictures; Surgical Therapy for theColumnar-Lined Esophagus: Non-Neoplastic Barrett’sEsophagus; Diagnosis and Staging of Esophageal Cancer

THORACIC: Anatomy of the Lung

Joel E. Richter, MDProfessor of Medicine, The Richard L. Evans Chair, Depart

ment of Medicine, Temple University School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaESOPHAGEAL: Medical Treatment of Gastroesophagea

Reflux Disease

Jon H. Ritter, MD Associate Professor of Pathology, Washington Universit

Medical Center, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Pathologic Features of Carcinoma of the Lung

Nabil P. Rizk, MD Assistant Attending Surgeon, Thoracic Service, Departmen

of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Assistant Professor of Surgery, Cornell University MedicaCollege, New York, New YorkESOPHAGEAL: Unusual Malignancies

Francis Robicsek, MD, PhDClinical Professor of Surgery, University of North Carolina

Chairman, Department of Thoracic and CardiovasculaSurgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NorthCarolinaTHORACIC: Complications of Midline Sternotomy; Complica

tions of Pectus Deformity Repair

Gaetano Rocco, MDChief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Insti

tute, Naples, ItalyTHORACIC: Fibrothorax and Decortication

Riccardo Rosati, MDProfessor of Surgery, University of Milan, Milan; Director

General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Istituto Clinic

Humanitas, Rozzano, ItalyESOPHAGEAL: Total Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y

Reconstruction

Clark A. Rosen, MD Associate Professor of Otolaryngology, Department of Oto

laryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Associate Professor, Department of CommunicationScience and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh School oHealth and Rehabilitation Sciences; Director, University oPittsburgh Voice Center, University of Pittsburgh Physicians, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PittsburghPennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Management of Vocal Fold Paralysis

Valerie W. Rusch, MDProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cornell Uni

versity Medical College; Attending Surgeon and ChiefThoracic Service, Department of Surgery and William GCahan Chair of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering CanceCenter, New York, New YorkTHORACIC: Robotic-Assisted Video-Assisted Thoracic

Surgery Lobectomy; Pleural Effusion: Benign and Malig nant; Technique of Extrapleural Pneumonectomy for Malig nant Pleural Mesothelioma†Deceased.


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Contributorsxxvi

Steve H. Salzman, MDProfessor of Clinical Medicine and Division Chief and Direc-

tor, Pulmonary Function Laboratory, Division of Pulmo-nary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel MedicalCenter, New York, New YorkTHORACIC: Pulmonary Physiologic Testing

Richard E. Sampliner, MDGastrointestinal Section, University of Arizona Health Sci-

ences Center, Tucson, ArizonaESOPHAGEAL: Medical Therapy for Barrett’s Esophagus

Marcel Savary, MDHonorary Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, Head

and Neck Surgery, University of Lausanne Medical School;Centre Hospitaliér Universitaír Vaudois, Lausanne,SwitzerlandESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in AdultsTHORACIC: Subglottic Resection: Infants and Children

Lourenço Sbragia, MDCentre for Surgical Technologies, University Hospital Gast-

huisberg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag-

matic Hernia

Paul H. Schipper, MD Assistant Professor, Oregon Health and Science University,

Portland, OregonTHORACIC: Surgery for Bullous Disease

David S. Schrump, MDSenior Investigator and Head, Thoracic Oncology Section,

Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NationalCancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland

ESOPHAGEAL: Biology and Epidemiology of MalignantEsophageal Carcinoma

Frank C. Sciurba, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary,

Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine; Director of PulmonaryFunction and Exercise Physiology Laboratory; Director ofEmphysema/Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseResearch Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medi-cine and School of Education, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Pulmonary Physiologic Testing

Frances A. Shepherd, MDProfessor of Medicine, University of Toronto; Scott Taylor

Chair of Lung Cancer Research and Treatment, MedicalOncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario,CanadaTHORACIC: Small Cell Lung Cancer

Joseph B. Shrager, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery,

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Chief,Thoracic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylva-nia and Pennsylvania Hospital; Staff Surgeon, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia,PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Investigation and Management of the Indetermi-

nate Pulmonary Nodule; Benign Lung Tumors

Barry A. Siegel, MDProfessor of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine,

Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine, St. Louis, MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Nuclear Imaging

Alan D. L. Sihoe, FRCSEd(CTh) Associate Consultant, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery,

Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, HongKong, ChinaTHORACIC: Video-Assisted Pulmonary Resections

Sunil Singhal, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic

Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta,GeorgiaTHORACIC: Surgery for Myasthenia Gravis

Peter D. Slinger, MDDepartment of Anesthesia, Toronto General Hospital,

Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Anesthesia for General Thoracic Surgery

Philip W. Smith, MDSurgery Resident, Department of Surgery, University of Vir-

ginia, Charlottesville, VirginiaTHORACIC: Biology and Epidemiology of Lung Cancer

Nathaniel J. Soper, MDProfessor of Surgery and Chief of Gastrointestinal and Endo-

crine Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School ofMedicine, Chicago, IllinoisESOPHAGEAL: Complications of Surgery for Gastroesopha-

geal Reflux

Carolina A. Souza, MD, PhDFellow in Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Uni-

versity of British Columbia; Clinical Fellow, Departmentof Radiology, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaTHORACIC: Imaging of the Mediastinum

Mirjam A. G. Sprangers, PhDProfessor of Medical Psychology, Department of Medical Psy-

chology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amster-dam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsESOPHAGEAL: Quality of Life in Esophageal Cancer

Patients


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Contributors

Robert D. Stewart, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Northwestern University

Feinberg School of Medicine; Attending Surgeon, Divisionof Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Children’s MemorialHospital, Chicago, IllinoisTHORACIC: Congenital Anomalies: Vascular Rings

Sigrid G. Stroobants, MD, PhDDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals of

Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Nuclear Imaging of the Lung

David J. Sugarbaker, MDRichard E. Wilson Professor of Surgical Oncology, Depart-

ment of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Divisionof Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital;Phillip E. Lowe Senior Surgeon, Dana Farber Cancer Insti-tute, Boston, MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Esophagectomy Via Right Thoracotomy THORACIC: Pleural Tumors

Erin A. Sullivan, MD Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Director of Car-diothoracic Anesthesiology, University of PittsburghPhysicians, Department of Anesthesiology, Pittsburgh,PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Perioperative Pain Management

Sudhir R. Sundaresan, MD, FRCSCProfessor of Surgery and Chair, Division of Thoracic Surgery,

University of Ottawa; Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery,Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Unusual Mediastinal Tumors

Lee L. Swanström, MDGastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Oregon

Clinic; Good Samaritan Medical Center, Portland,OregonESOPHAGEAL: Laparoscopic Toupet Fundoplication

R. Thomas Temes, MD, MBAStaff Physician, Thoracic and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cleve-

land Clinic, Cleveland, OhioTHORACIC: Late Postoperative Complications

François Tronc, MDClinical Fellow, Department of Surgery, Laval University;

Clinical Fellow, Thoracic Surgery Division, Center ofPneumology, Laval Hospital, Quebec City, Quebec,CanadaTHORACIC: Bronchoplasty

Paula A. Ugalde, MD Assistant Professor and Instructor in Surgery, Department of

Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Santa Casa daMisericordia Hospital, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; ClinicalFellow, Thoracic Surgery Department, Laval Hospital,Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaTHORACIC: Tuberculous Pleural Disease; Management of

Malignant Pleural Effusions

Harold C. Urschel, Jr., MDChair of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgical Research, Edu

cation, and Clinical Excellence, Baylor University MedicaCenter; Professor of Cardiovascular and Thoracic SurgeryUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical School, DallasTexasTHORACIC: Thoracic Outlet Syndromes; Approach for Tho

racic Outlet Syndrome; Transaxillary First Rib Resection fo

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (With Dorsal Sympathectomy)Reoperation for Recurrent Thoracic Outlet SyndromeThrough the Posterior Thoracoplasty Approach With DorsaSympathectomy; Chronic Mediastinitis

Michael F. Vaezi, MD, PhD, MScProfessor of Medicine and Clinical Director, Division of Gas

troenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TennesseESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Motility Disorders

Eric Vallières, MD, FRCSCSurgical Director, Lung Cancer Program, Swedish Cance

Institute, Seattle, WashingtonTHORACIC: Diagnostic Procedures for Pleural Diseases

Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, MD, PhDSurgeon, Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center

University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsESOPHAGEAL: Quality of Life in Esophageal Cance

Patients

Marc Van de Velde, MDDepartment of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Gast

huisberg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag

matic Hernia

Jan J. B. van Lanschot, MD, PhDProfessor of Surgery and Chairman, Department of SurgeryErasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ThNetherlandsESOPHAGEAL: Quality of Life in Esophageal Cance

Patients

Tim Van Mieghem, MDObstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuis

berg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag

matic Hernia

Timothy L. Van Natta, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Divisions of Trauma and Criti

cal Care and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department oSurgery, Harbor–University of California–Los AngeleMedical Center, Los Angeles, CaliforniaTHORACIC: Acute Necrotizing Mediastinitis

Dominique Van Schoubroeck, MDObstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuis

berg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag

matic Hernia


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Contributorsxxviii

Andrés Varela, MDProfessor of Thoracic Surgery, University Autonoma of

Madrid; Chief of General Thoracic Surgery and LungTransplantation, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital,Madrid, SpainTHORACIC: Parasitic Diseases of the Lung and Pleura

Nirmal K. Veeramachaneni, MDCardiothoracic Surgery Resident, Barnes-Jewish Hospital,

Washington University, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Lung Volume Reduction Surgery; Open Drainage

of Thoracic Infections; Diagnostic Strategies for a ChestWall Mass

Nicolas Venissac, MDSurgeon, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pasteur Hospital

of Nice, Nice, FranceTHORACIC: Plication of the Diaphragm

Federico Venuta, MD Associate Professor of Thoracic Surgery, University La

Spaienze; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Policlinico UmbertoI, Rome, ItalyTHORACIC:Emerging Surgical Technologies for Emphysema;

Reconstruction of the Pulmonary Artery; Diaphragm: Anatomy, Embryology, Pathophysiology

Gregory M. M. Videtic, MD, CM, FRCPCStaff Physician, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleve-

land Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OhioTHORACIC: Definitive Management of Inoperable Non–Small

Cell Lung Cancer

Jorge Nin Vivó, MD Associate Professor of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of

Montevideo, Montevideo, UruguayTHORACIC: Rare Infections of the Pleural Space

Thomas K. Waddell, MD, MSc, PhD, FRCSCR. Fraser Elliott Chair in Transplantation Research and Asso-

ciate Professor of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery,University of Toronto; Staff Surgeon, Division of ThoracicSurgery, University Health Network, Toronto GeneralHospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Principles of Postoperative Care; Investigation

and Management of Massive Hemoptysis

Garrett L. Walsh, MDHead, Perioperative Enterprise; Professor of Surgery, Depart-

ment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Universityof Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TexasTHORACIC: Posterior Approach to Superior Sulcus Tumors

William H. Warren, MDDirector, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department

of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Rush UniversityMedical Center, Chicago, IllinoisTHORACIC: Anatomy of the Mediastinum With Special Refer-

ence to Surgical Access

Paul F. Waters, MDDirector of Surgical Oncology, Greenwich Hospital, Yale

New Haven Health, Greenwich, ConnecticutTHORACIC: Pneumonectomy

Thomas J. Watson, MD Associate Professor, Thoracic Surgery, University of Roches-

ter, Rochester, New York

ESOPHAGEAL: Clinical Features of Esophageal Disease

Larry T. Watts, MD Adjunct Professor of Surgery, University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Director, Pediatric CardiacSurgery, Levine Children’s Hospital, Carolinas MedicalCenter, Charlotte, North CarolinaTHORACIC: Complications of Pectus Deformity Repair

Walter Weder, MDProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of

Thoracic Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich,SwitzerlandTHORACIC: Diagnostic Strategies in the Mediastinal Mass

Mark R. Wick, MDDepartment of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology and

Cytopathology, University of Virginia Medical Center; Associate Director of Surgical Pathology, University of Vir-ginia Health System, Charlottesville, VirginiaTHORACIC: Pathologic Features of Carcinoma of the Lung

Dennis A. Wigle, MD, PhDConsultant, Division of General Thoracic Surgery and

Assistant Professor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic,

patterson pearson's thoracic and esophageal surgery 3rd vol2

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