pavement condition surveys lecture 4. instructional objectives n need for condition surveys n...
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PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEYS
Lecture 4
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Instructional Objectives
Need for condition surveys Collection methodologies Four basic types of condition surveys Different procedures and equipment available
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Need for Condition Surveys
Evaluate current condition of pavement Determine rates of deterioration Project future conditions Determine maintenance & rehabilitation needs Determine costs of repairs Prepare plans for repairs
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Types of Surveys
Distress Surveys Structural Capacity Roughness (Ride Quality) Skid Resistance (Surface Friction)
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Distress Surveys
Type of distress Severity Extent of distress present on the pavement
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Distress Surveys Types
Paser Paver SHRP Asphalt Institute Texas Transportation Institute
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Paser
Asphalt Concrete Gravel Roads
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Paser Distress-Asphalt
Uses visual inspection techniquesSurface defectsSurface deformationCracksPatches and potholes
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Paser Distress-Concrete
Uses Visual inspection techniques—Surface defects
—Joints
—Pavement cracks
—Pavement deformation
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LTPP Distress
Asphalt
Concrete
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LTPP Distress-Asphalt
CrackingPatching and potholesSurface deformationsSurface defectsMisc distress
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LTPP Distress-Concrete
CrackingJoint deficienciesSurface defectsMisc distresses
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Paver Distress
AsphaltConcrete
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Paver Distress-Asphalt
Alligator crackingBlock crackDistortionsLongitudinal and transverse crackingPatching and utility cutsRutting
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Paver Distress- Concrete
Blow-ups and BucklingCorner breakD crackingLinear crackingPolished aggregatePumping
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Ride QualityIRI (International Roughness Index)
IRI is calculated from longitudinal profile measured with a road profiler in both wheelpaths. The average IRI of the two wheelpaths is reported as the roughness of the pavement section.
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ROUGHNESS SURVEY
Survey the outside lane. For undivided highways survey one direction. For divided highways survey the outside lane
in both directions. For each survey cycle use the same
direction(s) of travel and survey lane(s).
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IRI CALCULATION
International Roughness Index (IRI) - The IRI is computed from a single longitudinal profile using a quarter-car simulation as described in the report, "On the Calculation of IRI from Longitudinal Road Profile." [Sayers 95]
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Ride QualityRUT DEPTH MEASUREMENT
1.7 m3 RuttingSensors
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WHAT IS REPORTED?
3 P o i n t M e a s u r e m e n t e v e r y 1 5 . 0 m e t e r s
8 6 0 m m 8 6 0 m m
R u t D e p t hD D
D 2 312
D 2D 1
D 3
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SAMPLE DATA AGGREGATION
05
1015202530354045
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
Severity Level
Per
cen
t o
f M
easu
rem
ents
wit
hin
th
e S
ecti
on
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Structural Capacity
Not routinely collected for pavement monitoring
Mainly used for selecting and designing rehabilitation strategies
Can reduce maintenance and rehabilitation costs
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Structural EvaluationDestructive Testing
Coring Laboratory testing Excavation of pits Field CBR
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Structural EvaluationNon-Destructive Testing
Benkelman Beam Dynaflect Road Rater FWD Rolling Deflectometer GPR
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Automated Distress Surveys
Increase speed and ease of data collection Reduce transcription errors Increase consistency between classification
and quantification Increase safety of field crews
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Automated Condition Survey Equipment
Used by most states to collect:– Pavement friction
– Roughness
– Profile
– Rut depth
– Deflection data
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Classes of Automated Data Collection
Distress images collected on film or high resolution video and:– analyzed while the vehicle collects data
– analyzed in the office after data collection
– analyzed after data collection by viewing the images
Lasers are used to determine changes in surface texture
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Rolling Weight Deflectometer
Primary objectives are:– Develop an RWD suitable for network level
analysis
– Collect data at speeds of 50 mph
– Output will be a structural index
– Measure maximum deflection, pavement temperature, station numbers, and day and time of test
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Rolling Weight Deflectometer
Phase I – Identified deflection measurements
Phase II– Highway speeds
– Deflection response converted to a structural index
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Rolling Weight Deflectometer
Objective is to compare relative structural strengths
Identify weak links Deflection basins, magnitudes, loads and
temperatures Processed in real time Continuously measured at 1 foot intervals
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Distress Data Collection
Visual survey Laser technology Film-based systems Video systems
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Drainage Surveys
Poor drainage causes poor pavement performance
Water on a pavement can:– create a hazard to motorists
– saturate the subgrade soil
– deteriorate the pavement
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Pavement failure is caused by:
Load– Load capacity can be
increased by an overlay
Moisture– If proper drainage is
not provided during rehabilitation, the same moisture related distress will recur
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Signs of Deficient Drainage
Standing water in ditchlines Concentrated weed growth in ditchline or
edge of pavement Evidence of water ponding on shoulder Deteriorated joint or crack sealants Any evidence of pumping
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How Much Data to Collect?
To support network-level analysis– Sampling processes
Two sampling procedures:– Network sampling
– Section sampling
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Network Sampling
Less samples needed when total number in the whole increases
To determine average condition:– Sample 2 - 5%
To predict the distribution of condition:– Sample 10 - 25%
To predict cost of repairs, restorations:– Sample 30 - 35%
Most states survey 10%
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Section Sampling
To identify sections of pavement in a selected condition level, the condition of each section must be defined
If a windshield survey is used:– entire section should be inspected
If a walking or automated survey is used:– a portion of the section is adequate
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Frequency of Surveys
Not all sections need to be inspected every year
Interstates and more important sections can be inspected every year
Sections with lower usage can be inspected every second or third year
Use of a condition project method to utilize a common period for analysis
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Instructional Objectives
Need for condition surveys Collection methodologies Four basic types of condition surveys Different procedures and equipment available