PAVILIONcontemporary art & culture magazine / #10-11WHAT WAS SOCIALISM, AND WHAT COMES NEXT?

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Editors: Råzvan Ion & Eugen Rådescu

Advisory Board: Marina Grzinic, Zoran Eric, Dan Perjovschi, Lia Perjovschi, Dana Altman, Zsolt Petrányi,Johan Sjöström, Felix Vogel.

Contributors: Katherine Verdery, Deborah Cook, David Walsh, Ovidiu Pecican, TincuÆa Pârv, MagnusWennerhag, Saskia Sassen, Pascal Bruckner, Marina Grzinic, Cosmin Gabriel Marian, VladimirTismåneanu, Gunalan Nadarajan, Slavoj Zizek, Chantal Mouffe, Misko Suvakovic, Ana Peraica, Jonathan L.Beller, Cåtålin Avramescu, Felix Vogel, Xavier Ribas, Dana Altman, Michael Elmgreen & Ingar Dragset, Dan Perjovschi, Chitra Ganesh + Mariam Ghani, Marjetica Potrc, Vincent Delbrouck, Iara Boubnova,Luchezar Boyadjiev, Rassim, Olivia Plender, Taller Popular de Serigrafia, Raluca Voinea, Hüseyn Alptekin,Naeem Mohaiemen, Ciprian Mureçan, Irwin, Juliane Debeusscher.

Managing Director: Andreea ManolacheDesign: Råzvan IonWeb: Alexandru Enåchioaie

PAVILION is the producer of BUCHAREST BIENNALEwww.bucharestbiennale.orgPublished by: Artphoto Asc.Chairman: Eugen RådescuFor advertising and info:Email: info@pavilionmagazine.orgPhone: +4 031 103 4131Postal Address: P.O. Box 26-0390, Bucharest, Romania

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This issue was published with the support of

Cover: Dan Perjovschi, The Right Socialism9 drawings, each drawing 14.5 cm x 19.5 cm, marker on paper. Artist project for Pavilion.

PAVILION #10-11WHAT WAS SOCIALISM, AND WHAT COMES NEXT?

www.pavilionmagazine.org / www.bucharestbiennale.org

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Xavier Ribas: Mud

by Felix Vogel

Xavier Ribas’ landscape-photography seriesMud consists of 30 photographs showing bareground with dry ocher mud. The photographswere taken at the place of the Maya villagePanabaj, on the shores of Atitlan Lake inGuatemala. The village Panabaj was buriedunder a mudslide on 5th October 2005 due tohurricane Stan. Just a few days after thecatastrophe the place was officially declaredas a mass grave, burying approximately 800Panabaj inhabitants five meters under theground.

Mud just shows the earth and its violence thatcould put a whole city under ground. There areonly little remains of a city, not more than a sin-gle puzzle piece (Untitled Mud #19).Sometimes you observe little signs of humaninvention – doughty sticks that were put in theground, little stones or footprints to mark theformer houses, street and places, hopingagainst hope to rebuilt the village again – oth-erwise you could think that it is just earth, earthwithout history. Only these little hints let youguess that there was something; that the placehas a history. But still, we can only see tracesof what was there earlier and we are forced toimagine a landscape that had to look so muchdifferent than shown in the photographs. Wehave to search this traces and built our ownimage of a village that we have never seenand we will never see again. Moreover, thesesigns of human invention evoke associationswith ancient Maya cult-sculptures; sculptures,which had a religious/cultic function. Now, it isquestionable, if the special composition ofsticks in Untitled Mud #21 or the circles inUntitled Mud #27 have a cultic function – theymost likely are just there to mark somethinginvisible – but their reference to a history ofsymbols (of the past) or a history of icons isobvious and isn’t it a metaphysical function, ifthese sticks mark something that cannot be

seen again, if they transcend the invisiblenessof the lost city?

In Mud, past, present and future are constant-ly visible, but not in a chronological order,rather it could be argued that every three timesmelt together to a meta-time. Likewise, thereare obvious similarities to the archeologicalexcavations in ancient Pompeii, but with thebig difference that in Pompeii you just see thepast today, whereas in Panabaj past, presentand future are visible all at once.

I would like to argue that Mud does not onlyconfront us with a geographical problem (trop-ical climate, mudslides, rain forest and thehuman invention in biological micro and macrosystems), but also with a socio-political, oreven better: biopolitical problem.Guatemala has been – with the help of theUSA as a fact of the bipolar world order – in astate of civil war, which is sometimes evendescribed as genocide, for a period of 36years. Anti-communist military dictatorshipsdid not take care of their population, above allthe Maya residents, who were the biggest vic-tims of the civil war. Since then, the situationseems to have changed, but 2004 the nation-al-conservative Óscar Berger Perdomobecame head of state and now the violation ofhuman rights is nothing rare for a second time.The conflicts between urban and rural regionsare fought with many victims and behind thedemocratic surface no one seems to careabout the rural population. Ironically, theinhabitants of Panabaj are buried under a “sur-face”, without showing much of the past – asurface that is allocated with geographicalcatastrophes, but it is actually a symptom oftoday’s biopolitics. Now, in Ribas’ series Mud,we just see the visualization of consequencesof biopolitical practices in a country that (still)struggles with its past, present and future.

EXTENT

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Xavier Ribas, Untitled (Mud #4), 2006, C-print, 50 x 60 cm. Ed. 6. Courtesy: ProjecteSD gallery.

Xavier Ribas, Untitled (Mud #6), 2006, C-print, 50 x 60 cm. Ed. 6. Courtesy: ProjecteSD gallery.

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Xavier Ribas, Untitled (Mud #19), 2006, C-print, 50 x 60 cm. Ed. 6. Courtesy: ProjecteSD gallery.

Xavier Ribas, Untitled (Mud #21), 2006, C-print, 50 x 60 cm. Ed. 6. Courtesy: ProjecteSD gallery.

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Xavier Ribas, Untitled (Mud #25), 2006, C-print, 50 x 60 cm. Ed. 6. Courtesy: ProjecteSD gallery.

Xavier Ribas, Untitled (Mud #27), 2006, C-print, 50 x 60 cm. Ed. 6. Courtesy: ProjecteSD gallery.

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KKaatthheerriinnee VVeerrddeerryyShe earned her Ph.D. from Stanford Universityand comes to The Graduate Center from theUniversity of Michigan, where she was Eric R.Wolf Collegiate Professor of Anthropology. Priorto that she spent twenty years teaching at JohnsHopkins University. She has conducted multiplefield projects in Romania, investigating suchthemes as ethnic relations, nationalism, thetransformation of socialist systems, and thechanges in agricultural property relations. She isthe author of The Vanishing Hectare; ThePolitical Lives of Dead Bodies; What WasSocialism, and What Comes Next?; NationalIdeology Under Socialism; and TransylvanianVillagers. The recipient of numerous grants,including two from the National ScienceFoundation and a Guggenheim Fellowship, she iscurrently at the Russell Sage Foundation, co-authoring a study on the collectivization of agri-culture in 1950s Romania. Professor Verdery is afellow of the American Academy of Arts andSciences, is president of the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement of SlavicStudies, serves on the executive board of theSocial Science Research Council, and is a pastmember of the American AnthropologicalAssociation's board of directors.

DDeebboorraahh CCooookkDr. Cook has a B.A and M.A. from the Universityof Ottawa and a Doctorat 3e cycle from theSorbonne. Her specializations are in phenome-nology, existentialism, critical theory, and post-structuralism. She is Associate Professor atUniversity of Windsor, Canada.

DDaavviidd WWaallsshhArts editor of the World Socialist Web Site, andthe author of many incisive and critical essayson contemporary art and culture from a Marxiststandpoint.

OOvviiddiiuu PPeecciiccaannRomanian historian, essayist, novelist, short-story writer, literary critic, poet, playwright, andjournalist. He is especially known for his politicalwritings on disputed issues such as regionalautonomy for Transylvania, and for his co-authorship of a controversial history textbookfor 11th and 12th grade high-school students.Pecican is co-editor of Caietele Tranzi?iei and acontributor to major newspapers, includingContemporanul, Cotidianul, and Ziarul Financiar.He has also written works of science fiction.He wrote 18 books and is a proffesor atUniversity of Cluj, Romania.

TTiinnccuu]]aa PPâârrvvArtist, curator and art theoretician. After VisualArts and Cultural Anthropology studies she is aPhD candidate in "Art and Arts Sciences", Paris 1University - "Pantheon Sorbonne". She was forthree years project coordinator at TranzitFoundation in Cluj, Romania. Living and workingin Paris.

MMaaggnnuuss WWeennnneerrhhaaggPhD student in sociology, doing research onglobalization and new social movements at theUniversity of Lund, Sweden.

SSaasskkiiaa SSaasssseennRalph Lewis Professor of Sociology at theUniversity of Chicago, and entennial VisitingProfessor of Political Economy in theDepartment of Sociology at the London Schoolof Economics. Her most recent publicationsinclude: Territory, Authority, Rights: FromMedieval to Global Assemblages, PrincetonUniversity Press 2006; and Denationalization:Territory, Authority and Rights, PrincetonUniversity Press 2005, based on her five yearproject on governance and accountability in aglobal economy. Her other works include: Guestsand Aliens, New York: New Press 1999; and heredited book Global Networks/Linked Cities, NewYork and London: Routledge 2002. The GlobalCity came out in a new fully updated edition in2001. Sassen's books have been translated intotwelve languages. She is co-director of theEconomy Section of the Global Chicago Project,

a Member of the National Academy of SciencesPanel on Cities, a Member of the Council ofForeign Relations, and Chair of the newly formedInformation Technology, InternationalCooperation and Global Security Committee ofthe SSRC.

PPaassccaall BBrruucckknneerrFrench writer, contributor of the "Liberation".Bruckner's novel Bitter Moon was made into afilm by Roman Polanski. His other works includeThe Temptation of Innocence: Living in the Ageof Entitlement, Lunes de fiel, Parias, and TheTears of the White Man: Compassion asContempt. He was awarded the Académie Française Prix2000 and Medici Prize 1995 for Essays.He is an active supporter of the US cause andthe invasion of Iraq, signing letters and petitionsin favour of Donald Rumsfeld, along with RomainGoupil and André Glucksmann (Le Monde, 4March 2003).

MMaarriinnaa GGrrzziinniiccPhilosopher and new media theoretician based inLjubljana, Slovenia. She works at the Institute ofPhilosophy of the Research and Scientific Centerof the Slovenian Academy of Science and Arts.She is professor at the Academy of Fine Arts inVienna, Austria. She has produced more than 30video art projects, a short film, numerous videoand media installations, Internet websites and aninteractive CD-ROM (ZKM, Karlsruhe, Germany).Her last book is “Fiction Reconstructed: EasternEurope, Post-Socialism and the Retro-Avant-Garde” (Vienna: Edition Selene in collaborationwith Springerin, Vienna, 2000).

CCoossmmiinn GGaabbrriieell MMaarriiaannAssistant professor of political science at Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. He isspecialized in research methods and data modeling in social sciences.He has no connection whatsoever with perform-ing arts, photography, music, journalism, newmedia culture, literature, philosophy, mathemat-ics or physics. And he is perfectly aware thatRomania is the country were the founder ofDadaism and Eugen Ionesco, the father of the

Rhinoceros, were born.

VVllaaddiimmiirr TTiissmm`̀nneeaannuuDr. Tismaneanu, born in Romania, is Professor inthe Department of Government and Politics andDirector of the Center for the Study of Post-Communist Societies at the University ofMaryland (College Park). In 2006, Romania’sPresident Traian Basescu appointed VladimirTismaneanu chair of the Presidential Commissionfor the Analysis of the Communist Dictatorshipin Romania. In December 2006, PresidentBasescu presented the conclusions of theCommission’s Report to a joint session of theRomanian Parliament.He was the editor of the journal East EuropeanPolitics and Societies, serves now as chair of thejournal’s editorial committee, and serves on theeditorial boards of other publications includingJournal of Democracy, Human Rights Review,Democracy at Large, and Studia Politica,(Romania). He is the author of ReinventingPolitics: Eastern Europe from Stalin to Havel,Fantasies of Salvation: Democracy, Nationalism,and Myth in Post-Communist Europe andStalinism for All Seasons: A Political History ofRomanian Communism. He is the author of over300 articles published in major American andEuropean newspapers and journals.

GGuunnaallaann NNaaddaarraajjaannArt theorist / curator from Singapore, currentlyAssociate Dean of Research and GraduateStudies, College of Arts and Architecture at thePennsylvania State University (USA). His publi-cations include a book, Ambulations (2000),numerous catalogue essays and various academ-ic articles. He has curated exhibitions in severalcountries including Ambulations (Singapore),180KG (Jogjakarta, Indonesia), NegotiatingSpaces (Auckland, New Zealand) and media_city2002 (Seoul, S.Korea). He was contributing cura-tor for Documenta XI (Kassel, Germany) andserved on the jury of several international exhibi-tions including ISEA2004 (Helsinki / Talinn) andtransmediale 05 (Berlin, Germany). He is alsocurrently Artistic Co-Director of the OgakiBiennale 2006. Gunalan is one of the Board ofDirectors of the Inter Society of Electronic Arts.

Writers/Artists

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(Stockholm-Helsinki-Talin, 2004). She is a regu-lar contributor of art magazine Springerin(Austria) and has written two programs (Mediatheory and Critical analysis: art today, accordingto Bologna convention for the Fine ArtsAcademy, where was teaching as a guest lectur-er.

JJoonnaatthhaann LL.. BBeelllleerrVisiting assistant professor of history of con-sciousness and literature, University of Californiaat Santa Cruz, is the author of “Dziga Vertov andthe Film of Money,” boundary 2 (1999).

CC`̀tt`̀lliinn AAvvrraammeessccuuDr. Avramescu is a political analist, philosopherand Professor of Political Science at Universityof Bucharest. He is contributor to several period-icals. His last book published was “

FFeelliixx VVooggeellTheoretician and curator. He is co-curator of the100 MINUTES exhibition series, assistant curatorof BUCHAREST BIENNALE 3, member of theadvisory board of PAVILION and contributor fordifferent magazines. Currently, he is living andworking in Karlsruhe and Konstanz, Germany.

XXaavviieerr RRiibbaassArtist. Studies of Social Anthropology at theUniversity of Barcelona (1990) and DocumentaryPhotography at the Newport School of Art andDesign (1993). Since 2000 he is Senior Lecturerat the University of Brighton and visitingLecturer at the Universidad Politécnica deValencia (since 2004). as artiost he exhibitedarround the world.

DDaannaa AAllttmmaannTheoretician and writer. She studied linguisticsand text theory at Exeter College at Oxford, UK,and has a doctorate in linguistics. She writescontemporary art criticism and fiction. She livesand works in New York.

MMiicchhaaeell EEllmmggrreeeenn && IInnggaarr DDrraaggsseett In 1995 the artists Michael Elmgreen & IngarDragset began their collaboration on what hassince become a wide range of installations, per-

formances and environmental works. They havebeen exhibited since then in all major art specesarround the world.

DDaann PPeerrjjoovvsscchhiiArtist and journalist living and working inBucharest. His recent solo exhibition includes"Naked Drawing" Ludwig Museum Koln 2005,vanAbbe Museum Eindhoven or "On the otherHand" Portikus Frankfurt 2006. He participateto Istanbul Biennial 2005 and Limerick Biennial2006 and to group show such as "I Still Believein Miracles" at ARC Muse d'Art de la Ville deParis 2005 or Normalization at Rooseum Malmo.He receive George Maciunas prize in 2004. He’srepresented by Gregor Podnar Gallery Lublijana.

CChhiittrraa GGaanneesshh ++ MMaarriiaamm GGhhaanniiMariam Ghani works in video, installation, newmedia (including interactive installation and netart), and tactical media (including public dialogueperformance). Her work has been exhibitednationally and internationally since 1999. Recentand upcoming projects include screenings at theLiverpool Biennial, the Danish Film Institute, thed.u.m.b.o. festival, Rooftop Films, Cinema East,the New York Video Festival, the Asia Society,the Boston Center for the Arts, Smart ProjectSpace in Amsterdam, the 13a MostraCurtacinema in Rio de Janeiro, and transmedi-ale.03 in Berlin.Chitra Ganesh's work explores how memory andits repression shape moments of personal andsocial crisis. Her work was recently included inthe group exhibition 637 Feet of Running Wall atthe Queens Museum, Queer Visualities atStonybrook University, NY, and Shaken andStirred at Bose Pacia Modern Gallery in NewYork.

MMaarrjjeettiiccaa PPoottrrccLjubljana-based artist and architect. Her workhas been featured in exhibitions throughoutEurope and the Americas, including the SaoPaulo Biennial in Brazil (1996, 2006); Skulptur.Projekte in Muenster, Germany (1997); Manifesta3 in Ljubljana, Slovenia (2000); and TheStructure of Survival at the Venice Biennial(2003); as well as in solo shows at the

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He was recently elected a Fellow of the RoyalSociety of Arts. Gunalan’s research interestsinclude art and biology, robotic arts, nanotech-nology and toys.

SSllaavvoojj ZZiizzeekkProfessor at the Institute for Sociology,Ljubljana, and at the European Graduate SchoolEGS, who uses popular culture to explain thetheory of Jacques Lacan and the theory ofJacques Lacan to explain politics and popularculture. He has lectured at universities aroundthe world. He was analysed by Jacques AlainMiller, Jacques Lacan's son in law, and is prob-ably the most successful and prolific post-Lacanian, having published over fifty booksincluding translations into a dozen languages.Aside from Lacan he was strongly influenced byMarx, Hegel and Schelling. In temperament, heresembles a revolutionist more than a theoreti-cian. He was politically active in Slovenia duringthe 80s, a candidate for the presidency of theRepublic of Slovenia in 1990; most of his worksare moral and political rather than purely theo-retical. Zizek was a visiting professor at theDepartment of Psychoanalysis, Universite Paris-VIII in 1982-3 and 1985-6, at the Centre for theStudy of Psychoanalysis and Art, SUNYBuffalo, 1991-2, at the Department ofComparative Literature, University of Minnesota,Minneapolis, 1992, at the Tulane University, NewOrleans, 1993, at the Cardozo Law School, NewYork, 1994, at the Columbia University, NewYork, 1995, at the Princeton University (1996),at the New School for Social Research, NewYork, 1997, at the University of Michigan, AnnArbor, 1998, and at the Georgetown University,Washington, 1999. In the last 20 years Zizek hasparticipated in over 350 international philosophi-cal, psychoanalytical and cultural-criticism sym-posiums in USA, France, United Kingdom,Ireland, Germany, Belgium, Netherland, Island,Austria, Australia, Switzerland, Norway,Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Spain, Brasil, Mexico,Israel, Romania, Hungary and Japan. He is thefounder and president of the Society forTheoretical Psychoanalysis, Ljubljana. Zizek'smost recent book is The Parallax View (ShortCircuits, 2006).

CChhaannttaall MMoouuffffeeA political theorist educated at the universitiesof Louvain, Paris, and Essex, Chantal Mouffe isProfessor of Political Theory at the University ofWestminster. She has taught at many universi-ties in Europe, North America and Latin America,and has held research positions at Harvard,Cornell, the University of California, the Institutefor Advanced Study in Princeton, and the CentreNational de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris.Between 1989 and 1995 she was Directrice deProgramme at the College International dePhilosophie in Paris.

MMiisskkoo SSuuvvaakkoovviiccProfessor of aesthetic and art theory at theBelgrade Faculty of music and atInterdisciplinary Studies at Belgrade Universityof art. Has published more than 15 books, includ-ing “Impossible Histories” (Cambridge MA,2003.) and “Politics of painting” (Kopar, 2004.).

AAnnaa PPeerraaiiccaaFreelance curator and theorist, graduated philos-ophy and art history, post academic researcherof art theory at the Jan Van Eyck Akademie(1999-2001, Maastricht), attended PhD coursesat University of Amsterdam (2001-2004).Awarded UNESCO-IFPC, Jan Van Eyck subsidie,twice OSI Network Scholarship, and twice BKVB(Fonds voor Beeldende Kunsten, Amsterdam).She gave papers on symposiums as What is theEnlightenment, Chapter 2 (Jan Van EyckAcademie, Maastricht, 2000), Intermedialities(IAPL-international association for philosophyand literature, ERASMUS University, Rotterdam),but also in art centres such as Alias (Palais desBeaux Arts, Brussels). She was a curator of 11Adria Art Annale (Split, 1997/8), co-curator ofRows-Curves-knots (Oreste, Biennale in Venice,1999), assistant curator at Indiscipline(Vanderlinden and Hoffman, Brussels, 2000),selector at Museum in Progress-Global Positions(Obrist, Der Standaard, 2001), selector at EastArt Map (Irwin, 2002-2006, Afterall Publ.,London/Los Angeles). She was also a selector ofnew media programme at Split Film Festival(Split, 1998) and Histories of the New ISEA --International symposium of electronic arts

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Jitrik. Since then included 15 artists. Today itsmain representatives are Verónica di Toro,Karina Granieri, Magdalena Jitrik and CarolinaKatz.They exhibited among other shows to 27thBienal de San Paolo, Kunsthalle Fridericianum,Kassel.«Taller Popular De Serigrafia (TPS)» is one ofthe most significant groups in the sphere ofsocio-political art that arose during the peak ofthe national unrest in Argentina in 2001.

RRaalluuccaa VVooiinneeaaCurator and art writer. She is the founder of theonline magazine E-cart.ro.

HHüüsseeyynn AAllpptteekkiinnBorn in 1957 in Ankara, Turkey. He lives andworks in Istanbul, Turkey. Since 1995 he has par-ticipated in international group exhibitions suchas the Biennials of Istanbul, Turkey, Sao Paulo,Brazil, and the 4th Cetinje Biennial, Montenegro.In 2002 he took part in In Search of Balkania atNeue Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum inGraz, Austria and in 2003 he participated inBlood & Honey ? Art in the Balkans, EsslCollection, in Vienna, Austria, and In the Gorgesof the Balkans at Kunsthalle Fridericianum inKassel, Germany.

NNaaeeeemm MMoohhaaiieemmeennArtist working in Dhaka + New York. Projectsinclude "Disappeared In America" (2006Whitney Biennial: wrong gallery), "Muslims OrHeretics: My Camera Can Lie?" (UK House ofLords), "Penn Station Kills Me" (Exit Art, NY),and "Young Man Was No Longer Terrorist"(Dictionary of War, Munich). Essays include"Fear of a Muslim Planet: Islamic Roots of Hip-Hop" (Sound Unbound, DJ Spooky ed., MITPress, 2007), "Beirut: Illusion of a SilverPorsche" (Men of Global South, Adam Jonesed., Zed Books) and "Why Mahmud Can't be aPilot" (Nobody Passes, Matt Bernstein ed.,Seal). [shobak.org]

CCiipprriiaann MMuurreessaannBorn in 1977 in Romania, where he also lives andworks. He is co-editor of the magazine VERSIONand since 2005 of the art magazine IDEA art +society. His works have been shown in Romania,Austria, Germany, Hungary, Finland and Israel

OOllggaa KKiisssseelleevvaaOne of the most accomplished Russian artists ofher generation. Graduated from St. PetersburgUniversity, she belongs to the first generationafter Perestroika, which helped to bring downthe Berlin Wall and cast aside the iron curtain.From the beginning of the 90s Olga Kisseleva onthe invitation of the Fulbright Foundation found aroof for her work in the research group in theUnited States which dealt with the developmentof digital technologies. She mainly stayed on theresearch laboratories in New York and inCalifornia, where she participated in the firstadventurous beginnings of Silicon Valley.In 1996 she is getting her PhD for her theoreticalwork on the theme of new forms of hybridizationand she is invited to the Fine Art Institut of“Hautes Etudes” in Paris.

IIrrwwiinnSince 1983, the IRWIN artist group (Dusan Mandi,Miran Mohar, Andrej Savski, Roman Uranjek,Borut Vogelnik) has been working with variousmedia, from painting to public art, from sculptur-al works and installations to publishing. Followingtheir "retro principle", the five-member-grouputilizes and combines different motifs, symbolsand signs from the fields of politics and art,which results in the transformation of their his-torical meaning and content, and in the re-con-textualisation and deconstruction of their relatedideologies.

JJuulliiaannee DDeebbeeuusssscchheerrResearcher in art history and freelance art criticbased in Milan. Her main interests focuse onEastern European art and its presentation withincontemporary discourses; she recently conduct-ed some researches on Irwin Group andRetroavantgarde's strategies in Yugoslavia.

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Guggenheim Museum in New York (2001);Kuenstlerhaus Bethanien in Berlin (2001); theMax Protetch Gallery, New York (2002 & 2005);the Nordenhake Gallery in Berlin (2003); thePBICA in Lake Worth, Florida (2003); and theMIT List Visual Arts Center in Cambridge,Massachusetts (2004). Her many on-site instal-lations include Balcony with Wind Turbine (theLiverpool Biennial, 2004) and Genesis (2005),which is on permanent display at the NobelPeace Center in Oslo. She has also published anumber of essays on contemporary urban archi-tecture. In 2005, she was a visiting professor atthe Center for Advanced Visual Studies at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology. In addi-tion, Potrc has been the recipient of numerousawards, including grants from the Pollock-Krasner Foundation (1993 and 1999), a PhilipMorris Kunstfoerderung Grant to participate inthe International Studio Program ofKuenstlerhaus Bethanien in Berlin (2000), theGuggenheim Museum's Hugo Boss Prize(Sponsored by Hugo Boss) 2000, and a CaracasCase Project Fellowship from the FederalCultural Foundation, Germany, and the CaracasUrban Think Tank, Venezuela (2002).

VViinncceenntt DDeellbbrroouucckkBorn in 1975, shifted from photojournalistic per-formance –black and white social documentaryseries in Cuba, Belgium, and Colombia– to a sim-pler, more direct confrontation with reality. heuse a mix media documentary portraits,polaroids, paintings, texts are mixed in note-books.He received the Memorial Giacomelli Prize (Italy)2002, and the Jean Salgaro Prize at the 14thNational Open Photography Prize in Belgium forhis work with demented women. He also receivedthe Vocation Bursary in 2003. He is now prepar-ing a book about his experiences in Havana.

IIaarraa BBoouubbnnoovvaaCurator and art critic from Sofia, born inMoscow, Russia, where she graduated from theDepartment of Art History and Theory atMoscow State University and worked as aJunior Editor at the Soviet Artist PublishingHouse. Since 1984, she has lived in Sofia,

Bulgaria and worked at the National Gallery forForeign Art as a curator of the Department ofEast European Art.Among other important curatorial projects areJoy at Casino Luxembourg and Dialectics ofHope, 1st Moscow Biennial of Contemporary Artin 2005, Manifesta 4 in Frankfurt am Main in2002 — all as co-curator.Boubnova is President of AICA Bulgaria andsince 2002 has been a board member of theInternational Foundation Manifesta. IaraBoubnova is the founding Director of theInstitute of Contemporary Art — Sofia.

LLuucchheezzaarr BBooyyaaddjjiieevvBorn in Sofia, Bulgaria in 1957. Trained as an arthistorian and theorist, became an artist after1989. Founding member of Institute ofContemporary Art. Has exhibited and lecturedinternationally, including After the Wall(Moderna, Stockholm), Temp-Balkania (Kiasma,Helsinki), Revolting (Manchester),Money/Nations (Zurich), Communication Front(Plovdiv), and Hybrid Workspace, documenta X(Kassell).

RRaassssiimmBulgarian artist. He exhibited in France, Bulgaria,Germany, Austria, Norway, Slovenia, Russia andStockholm. The main question about RASSIM is:is he an artwork or is he for real?

OOlliivviiaa PPlleennddeerrArtist and writer and currently co-editor of‘Untitled’ magazine. Her interest in magazine,comic strip and pulp fiction book cover formatsis evident in her drawings exploring fictional nar-ratives of bohemian lifestyles. In 2004 Plenderhas undertaken residencies at the VisualResearch Centre, Dundee Contemporary Arts;Grizedale Arts; and PS1, New York. Recent exhi-bitions include ‘Romantic Detachment’, NewYork; ‘East End Academy’ Whitechapel Gallery,London; and a solo show at DundeeContemporary Arts.

TTaalllleerr PPooppuullaarr ddee SSeerriiggrraaffiiaaGroup founded in 2002, Buenos Aires, Argentina,by Diego Posadas, Mariela Scafati and Magdalena