Image 3.0 in detail

Source: PBL 2014

Input

Output Output

Input

Input

Output

Land cover andland use

Energy e�ciencytechnology Energy policy

Energy intensityparameters

Lifestyle parameters

Privateconsumption

Energy supply

Primaryenergyprice Demand for

primary energy

Demand forelectricity, heatand hydrogen

Initial technology

cost

Rules on use oftechnologyTrade

restriction

Carbon price

Energy andindustry

activity level

Agriculturaleconomy

Livestocksystems

Forest management

Land-useallocation

Energy DemandEnergy Conversion

Electricityprice

CO2 stored

Air pollution

policy

Technologydevelopment of

energy conversion

Technologydevelopment of

energy supply

Energy resources

Total primaryenergy supply

Energy securityindicators

Global emissionpathways

Mitigation costs

Residual damage

Emission trading

Consumption loss

Adaptation costs

No. of wet days(historical data)

GCM pa�ern(temperature,precipitation)

MAGICC parameterse�ings

Radiativeforcing factors

Sulphate pa�ern

Cloudiness(historical data)

Land forbioenergy

Learning rate

Income andprice elasticities

Carbon poolsin vegetation

Change in soilproperties

Demand for traditionalbiomass

Regrowthforest area

Harvestedwood

Degradedforest area

Forest residues

Potential crop and

grass yield

Built-up area

Protected area

Cropproduction

Protected area

Increase inirrigated area

Crop fractionin agricultural

area

Forestmanagement

type

Bioenergy production

Animal productivity

Production system mix

Animalstocks

Feed conversion

Livestock rations

Crops and grass

Carbon cycle andnatural vegetation

Atmophericcompositionand climate

Temperature

Precipitation

Cloudiness

No. of wet days

Global meantemperature

Timber use fraction

NEP (netecosystem

production)

MSA(mean species

abundance)

Grassrequirement

Irrigation water supply

Irrigation waterconsumption

Rainwaterconsumption

Crop irrigation

water demand

Riverdischarge

Irrigation projecte�ciency

Irrigationconveyance

e�ciency

Digital waternetwork

LOD (locationof dams andreservoirs)

Livestock rations

Manure spreadingfraction

Productionsystem mix

Non-CO2 GHGconcentrations

Radiativeforcing

Waterstress

Terrestial biodiversity

Aquatic biodiversity

Flood risks

Land degradation

Ecosystemservices

Human development

Nitrogen deposition

Land-useCO2 emissions

Wilderness area

SRI (speciesrichness index)

N and Pdischarge to

surface water

People dependent on

solid fuel

Food availabilityper capita

Ocean carbonuptake

Child mortality

Childunderweight

DALYs (disability-adjusted life

years)

HDI (humandevelopment

index)

Lifeexpectancy

People livingon less then

USD 1.25 per day

Prevalence ofundernourishment

GINI coe�cient

Coastalstorm surges

Daily climatedataset

Flood statistics

Topography,elevation

Urban populationfraction

Statistics oninundation

depth

Erosion risk Land use andland-use intensity

Potential natural vegetation

Carbon pools insoil and timber

NPP (net primaryproduction)

Livestockproduction

Managementintensity

crops

Carbon storage price

Management intensity livestock

CO2 concentration

Sector value added

Initial production

costsExogenously setmarket shares

Taxes and otheradditional costs

Preferences

Climate policy

Marginal abatement

cost

Trade policy

Technological change (cropsand livestock

Land cover andland use

Fertilizer use e�ciency

Adaptation level

Climate target

Domesticclimate policy

Equity principles

Other energy andland-use models

Biofuel policy

Emission factors

Relationshipincome and

emission factor

Emissionabatement

BC, OC and NOxemissions

SO2 emissions

CO and NMVOCemissions

CO2 emission fromenergy and industry

Non-CO2 GHGemissions (CH4,

N2O and Halocarbons)

Potentialbioenergy

yield

Land supply

Labourand capital

supply

Feed crop requirement

Bioenergy area

Agricultural area

Extensivegrassland area

Intensivegrassland area

Demand for fossilfuels and bioenergy

Emissions

NH3emissions

N and P inwastewater

discharge

Soil N budget

Soil P budget

Soil respiration

Aquatic MSA

Harmful algalblooms in lakes

Carbonsequestration Expected nr of

a�ected people

Expected valueof a�ected GDP

Statistics ofinundation extent

Statistics onriver discharge

Change insoil properties

Erosion risk

Floodprotection

Food availability,including �shand wild food

Irrigationwater withdrawal

Water withdrawalother sectors

Protected area

Initial land cover,land use

Initial temperature,precipitation

Soil types andpro�les (S-World)

Weighting factorsfor temperature,

precipitation, landuse and slope

Slope

Accessibility

Distance to water

Fish landing

Ecosystemservices

e�ect values

Protected area

Biome andeco-region

High resolutionland cover(GLC2000)

No-go areas

Topography

Soil properties

Soil properties

Residuemanagement

Actual crop andgrass production

Pollination

Presence of naturalpest control

Reducederosion risk

Suitability fornature-based

tourism

Wateravailability

MSA e�ect values

Nitrogencritical load

Species-arearelationships

Road-map

Digital waternetwork

GLWD (globallakes and

wetlands database)

Lake depth

Water temperature

Empirical MSAe�ect values

Timber demand

FAO deforestation rates

Traditional biomassfrom non-forest land

Harvest e�ciency

Forest plantationdemand

Fraction ofselective logging

GDP per capita

Population

Nutrients

Commodityprice

Trade

Demand

Water

Landsystems

Slope

Accessibility

Regressionparameters

CLUmondospeci�c input

Land suitability

Agriculture and land use

Energy supply and demand

Impacts

Earth system

x

Policy response

Land cover and land use andemissions modules

x

x

x

x

x

Input/output

Input on

Land cover and land use

GDP per capita and population

Climate indicators

Economy, population and trade

Groups of model drivers

Technology

Resources

Policies

Lifestyle

Input/output

IMAGE model variable

IMAGE model driver

External dataset

Global map

x

x

x

pbl.n

l